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Peng C, Wang Y, Guo Y, Li J, Liu F, Fu Y, Yu Y, Zhang C, Fu J, Han F. A literature review on signaling pathways of cervical cancer cell death-apoptosis induced by Traditional Chinese Medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118491. [PMID: 38936644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cervical cancer (CC) is a potentially lethal disorder that can have serious consequences for a woman's health. Because early symptoms are typically only present in the middle to late stages of the disease, clinical diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to have unique benefits in terms of alleviating cancer clinical symptoms, lowering the risk of recurrence after surgery, and reducing toxic side effects and medication resistance after radiation therapy. It has also been shown to improve the quality of life for patients. Because of its improved anti-tumor effectiveness and biosafety, it could be considered an alternative therapy option. This study examines how TCM causes apoptosis in CC cells via signal transduction, including the active components and medicinal tonics. It also intends to provide a reliable clinical basis and protocol selection for the TCM therapy of CC. METHODS The following search terms were employed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, and other scientific databases to retrieve pertinent literature on "cervical cancer," "apoptosis," "signaling pathway," "traditional Chinese medicine," "herbal monomers," "herbal components," "herbal extracts," and "herbal formulas." RESULTS It has been demonstrated that herbal medicines can induce apoptosis in cells of the cervix, a type of cancer, by influencing the signaling pathways involved. CONCLUSION A comprehensive literature search was conducted, and 148 papers from the period between January 2017 and December 2023 were identified as eligible for inclusion. After a meticulous process of screening, elimination and summary, generalization, and analysis, it was found that TCM can regulate multiple intracellular signaling pathways and related molecular targets, such as STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, NF-κB, p53, HIF-1α, Fas/FasL and so forth. This regulatory capacity was observed to induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. The study of the mechanism of TCM against cervical cancer and the screening of new drug targets is of great significance for future research in this field. The results of this study will provide ideas and references for the future development of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiangmei Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fengjuan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Daniel IK, Njue OM, Sanad YM. Antimicrobial Effects of Plant-Based Supplements on Gut Microbial Diversity in Small Ruminants. Pathogens 2023; 13:31. [PMID: 38251338 PMCID: PMC10819137 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Every year in the United States, approximately 48 million people are affected by bacterial illnesses that are transmitted through food, leading to 3000 fatalities. These illnesses typically stem from food animals and their by-products, which may harbor dangerous pathogens like Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Campylobacter jejuni. Factors that contribute to contamination include manure used as a soil amendment, exposure to polluted irrigation water, and contact with animals. To improve food safety, researchers are studying pre-slaughter intervention methods to eliminate bacterial contamination in live animals. While small ruminants are vital to global agriculture and income generation for small farms, traditional feeding practices involve supplements and antibiotics to boost performance, which contributes to antibiotic resistance. Hence, researchers are looking for friendly bacterial strains that enhance both animal and human health without impacting livestock productivity. The global trend is to minimize the use of antibiotics as feed supplements, with many countries prohibiting or limiting their use. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight on the antioxidant capabilities, therapeutic attributes, and applications of bioactive compounds derived from sweet potato tops (SPTs), rice bran (RB) and radish tops (RTs). This overview provides an insight on plant parts that are abundant in antioxidant and prebiotic effects and could be used as value-added products in animal feed and pharmaceutical applications. This review was based on previous findings that supplementation of basal diets with natural supplements represents a multifaceted intervention that will become highly important over time. By remarkably reducing the burden of foodborne pathogens, they apply to multiple species, are cheap, do not require withdrawal periods, and can be applied at any time in food animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K. Daniel
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Obadiah M. Njue
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Yasser M. Sanad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Jing X, Chen P, Jin X, Lei J, Wang L, Chai S, Yang X. Physiological, Photosynthetic, and Transcriptomics Insights into the Influence of Shading on Leafy Sweet Potato. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2112. [PMID: 38136933 PMCID: PMC10742944 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Leafy sweet potato is a new type of sweet potato, whose leaves and stems are used as green vegetables. However, sweet potato tips can be affected by pre-harvest factors, especially the intensity of light. At present, intercropping, greenhouse planting, and photovoltaic agriculture have become common planting modes for sweet potato. Likewise, they can also cause insufficient light conditions or even low light stress. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of four different shading levels (no shading, 30%, 50%, and 70% shading degree) on the growth profile of sweet potato leaves. The net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll pigments, carbohydrates, and polyphenol components were determined. Our findings displayed that shading reduced the content of the soluble sugar, starch, and sucrose of leaves, as well as the yield and Pn. The concentrations of Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl were increased and the Chl a/b ratio was decreased for the more efficient interception and absorption of light under shading conditions. In addition, 30% and 50% shading increased the total phenolic, total flavonoids, and chlorogenic acid. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes related to the antioxidant, secondary metabolism of phenols and flavonoids, photosynthesis, and MAPK signaling pathway were altered in response to shading stresses. We concluded that 30% shading induced a high expression of antioxidant genes, while genes related to the secondary metabolism of phenols and flavonoids were upregulated by 50% shading. And the MAPK signaling pathway was modulated under 70% shading, and most stress-related genes were downregulated. Moreover, the genes involved in photosynthesis, such as chloroplast development, introns splicing, and Chlorophyll synthesis, were upregulated as shading levels increased. This research provides a new theoretical basis for understanding the tolerance and adaptation mechanism of leafy sweet potato in low light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Jing
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
- Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434022, China
| | - Peiru Chen
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Jian Lei
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Shasha Chai
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Xinsun Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
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Sain A, Khamrai D, Kandasamy T, Naskar D. Targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in obesity-associated colon cancer: Possible role of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Proteins 2022; 90:1346-1362. [PMID: 35119127 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has emerged as one of the links between obesity and colon cancer (CC). Anti-obesity and anti-CC attributes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) reported sparsely. Here, we aimed to study the potential of PTP1B as a target in CC, particularly in obese population. Expression and genomic alteration frequency of PTPN1 (PTP1B) were checked in CC. Interacting partners of PTP1B through STRING and hub genes through Cytoscape (MCODE) were identified. Hub genes were subjected to functional enrichment analyses (via Metascape), differential gene expression, copy number variation, and single nucleotide variation analyses (GSCA database). Cancer-related pathways and associated immune infiltrates of the hub genes were checked too. Eleven sweet potato-derived compounds selected through drug likeness (DL) and toxicity filters were explored via molecular docking (AutoDock Vina) to reveal the interactions with PTP1B. Genomic alteration frequency of the PTPN1 was highest in CC compared to all the other TCGA cancers, and a high expression (RNA and protein) is also observed in CC that correlated well to a poor overall survival (OS). Furthermore, PTP1B and related proteins were enriched in different biological processes and signaling pathways related to carcinogenesis including epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Overall, PTP1B identified as a potential target in obesity-linked CC and sweet potato might exert its protective action by targeting the PTP1B. Sweet potato compounds (e.g., pelargonidin and luteolin) interacted with the catalytic P loop and the WPD loop of the PTP1B. Furthermore, MD simulation study ascertained that luteolin has the highest affinity against the PTP1B, whereas pelargonidin and quercetin showed good binding affinity too, thus can be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Sain
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipshikha Khamrai
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Thirukumaran Kandasamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Debdut Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Jia R, Tang C, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang Z. Total Phenolics and Anthocyanins Contents and Antioxidant Activity in Four Different Aerial Parts of Leafy Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.). Molecules 2022; 27:3117. [PMID: 35630594 PMCID: PMC9146295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leafy sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an excellent source of nutritious greens and natural antioxidants, but reports on antioxidants content and activity at buds, leaves, petioles, and stems are scarce. Therefore, the total phenolics content (TPC), total anthocyanins content (TAC), and antioxidant activity (assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) were investigated in four aerial parts of 11 leafy sweet potato varieties. The results showed that varieties with pure green aerial parts, independently of the part analyzed, had higher TPC, FRAP, and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The green-purple varieties had a significantly higher TAC, while variety GS-17-22 had the highest TAC in apical buds and leaves, and variety Ziyang in petioles and stems. Among all parts, apical buds presented the highest TPC and antioxidant capacity, followed by leaves, petioles, and stems, while the highest TAC level was detected in leaves. The TPC was positively correlated with ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP in all parts studied, whereas the TAC was negatively correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activity. Collectively, the apical buds and leaves of sweet potato had the higher levels of nutritional values. These results would provide reference values for further breeding of leafy sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Jia
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.J.); (C.T.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Changli 066600, China
| | - Chaochen Tang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.J.); (C.T.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.J.); (C.T.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiongjian Zhang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.J.); (C.T.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhangying Wang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.J.); (C.T.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
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Ahmad N, Qamar M, Yuan Y, Nazir Y, Wilairatana P, Mubarak MS. Dietary Polyphenols: Extraction, Identification, Bioavailability, and Role for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal and Prostate Cancers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092831. [PMID: 35566182 PMCID: PMC9104150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fruits, vegetables, and other edible plants in our diet have numerous health benefits, due to the bioactive compounds in these food items, including polyphenols. These plants are a rich and promising source of natural products and phytochemicals that can be used to treat and prevent numerous diseases and prevent the progression of cancer. Dietary polyphenols exhibit chemo-preventive and therapeutic effects against various ailments, including several types of cancer. The current study focuses on polyphenol’s traditional and advanced extraction methods, with supercritical extraction as a novel approach. It also deals with their identification, bioavailability, and role in preventing and treating colorectal and prostate cancers. Additionally, the article covers the literature that deals with the anticancer activities of polyphenols, as well as their potential use as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Multan College of Food & Nutrition Sciences, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan 60000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.); Tel.: +962-791016126 (M.S.M.)
| | - Muhammad Qamar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.); Tel.: +962-791016126 (M.S.M.)
| | - Mohammad S. Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.); Tel.: +962-791016126 (M.S.M.)
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Escobar-Puentes AA, Palomo I, Rodríguez L, Fuentes E, Villegas-Ochoa MA, González-Aguilar GA, Olivas-Aguirre FJ, Wall-Medrano A. Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Phenotypes: From Agroindustry to Health Effects. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071058. [PMID: 35407143 PMCID: PMC8997864 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato (SP; Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is an edible tuber native to America and the sixth most important food crop worldwide. China leads its production in a global market of USD 45 trillion. SP domesticated varieties differ in specific phenotypic/genotypic traits, yet all of them are rich in sugars, slow digestible/resistant starch, vitamins, minerals, bioactive proteins and lipids, carotenoids, polyphenols, ascorbic acid, alkaloids, coumarins, and saponins, in a genotype-dependent manner. Individually or synergistically, SP’s phytochemicals help to prevent many illnesses, including certain types of cancers and cardiovascular disorders. These and other topics, including the production and market diversification of raw SP and its products, and SP’s starch as a functional ingredient, are briefly discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A. Escobar-Puentes
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32300, Chihuahua, Mexico; or
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22427, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (I.P.); (L.R.); (E.F.)
| | - Lyanne Rodríguez
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (I.P.); (L.R.); (E.F.)
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (I.P.); (L.R.); (E.F.)
| | - Mónica A. Villegas-Ochoa
- Center for Research on Food and Development, Carretera al ejido la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (M.A.V.-O.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
- Center for Research on Food and Development, Carretera al ejido la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (M.A.V.-O.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - Francisco J. Olivas-Aguirre
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Sonora (Campus Cajeme), Blvd. Bordo Nuevo s/n, 7 Ejido Providencia, Cd. Obregón 85199, Sonora, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.J.O.-A.); (A.W.-M.); Tel.: +52-(656)-3058685 (F.J.O.-A.); +52-(656)-3052344 (A.W.-M.)
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32300, Chihuahua, Mexico; or
- Correspondence: (F.J.O.-A.); (A.W.-M.); Tel.: +52-(656)-3058685 (F.J.O.-A.); +52-(656)-3052344 (A.W.-M.)
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The Promising Therapeutic and Preventive Properties of Anthocyanidins/Anthocyanins on Prostate Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071070. [PMID: 35406634 PMCID: PMC8997497 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As water-soluble flavonoid derivatives, anthocyanidins and anthocyanins are the plants pigments mostly rich in berries, pomegranate, grapes, and dark color fruits. Many bioactivity properties of these advantageous phytochemicals have been reported; among them, their significant abilities in the suppression of tumor cells are of the promising therapeutic features, which have recently attracted great attention. The prostate malignancy, is considered the 2nd fatal and the most distributed cancer type in men worldwide. The present study was designated to gather the preclinical and clinical studies evaluating potencies of anthocyanidins/anthocyanins for the treatment and prevention of this cancer type for the first time. In general, findings confirm that the anthocyanins (especifically cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) indicated higher activity against prostatic neoplasms compared to their correlated anthocyanidins (e.g., delphinidin); in which potent anti-inflammatory, apoptosis, and anti-proliferative activities were analyzed. Complementary anti-prostate cancer assessment of diverse naturally occurred anthocyanidins/anthocyanins and their synthetically optimized derivatives through preclinical experiments and eventually confirmed by clinical trials can promisingly lead to discover natural-based chemotherapeutic drug options.
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Raheem D, Oluwole OB, Faven L, Orji FA, Junttila M, Rainosalo E, Kosoko SB, Olukosi A, Vainio S, Olapade AA, Okoh MP, Oyeku OM. Partnership for International Development: Finland-Nigeria Conference on Climate, Food, Health and Entrepreneurship. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063375. [PMID: 35329064 PMCID: PMC8952780 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A joint collaboration between the Arctic Centre of the University of Lapland, Finland and the Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria was organised as a hybrid conference on several topics that are related to climate, food, health and entrepreneurship. The utilisation of natural resources in both regions is an important theme in meeting the sustainable development goals agenda. The topics discussed were multidisciplinary, they include Nigerian indigenous foods, bioeconomy, circular economy, nutrition, health, innovation and entrepreneurship under four themes (Climate, Food, Health and Entrepreneurship). There were dignitaries from Finland and Nigeria. The presenters are researchers from Nigerian universities (University of Ibadan, University of Abuja and Eko university, Lagos), Nigerian Federal Institute of Industrial research centre and from the Finnish side we have the university of Lapland, Rovaniemi, University of Oulu, Oulu and the Centria University of Applied Sciences, Kokkola. The topics discussed will serve as training materials for students and learners, the discussion focussed on research opportunities for institutions in both countries. The experts from both countries will continue to dialogue on the possibility of promoting common topics as research agenda in these important areas with the possibilities of creating more jobs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dele Raheem
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (O.B.O.)
| | - Oluwatoyin B. Oluwole
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos 100261, Nigeria; (F.A.O.); (S.B.K.); (O.M.O.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (O.B.O.)
| | - Leena Faven
- RDI Chemistry and Bioeconomy, Centria University of Applied Sciences, 67100 Kokkola, Finland; (L.F.); (M.J.); (E.R.)
| | - Frank A. Orji
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos 100261, Nigeria; (F.A.O.); (S.B.K.); (O.M.O.)
| | - Mikko Junttila
- RDI Chemistry and Bioeconomy, Centria University of Applied Sciences, 67100 Kokkola, Finland; (L.F.); (M.J.); (E.R.)
| | - Egidija Rainosalo
- RDI Chemistry and Bioeconomy, Centria University of Applied Sciences, 67100 Kokkola, Finland; (L.F.); (M.J.); (E.R.)
| | - Sulaimon B. Kosoko
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos 100261, Nigeria; (F.A.O.); (S.B.K.); (O.M.O.)
| | - Adeola Olukosi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eko University of Medical Sciences, Lagos 102004, Nigeria;
| | - Seppo Vainio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Abiodun A. Olapade
- Department of Food Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Michael P. Okoh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja 900105, Nigeria;
| | - Oyedele M. Oyeku
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos 100261, Nigeria; (F.A.O.); (S.B.K.); (O.M.O.)
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Insanu M, Amalia R, Fidrianny I. Potential Antioxidative Activity of Waste Product of Purple Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas Lam.). Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:681-687. [PMID: 36098193 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.681.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Antioxidants are substances that can deactivate free radicals. Phenol and flavonoid are antioxidant compounds widely found in plants, including purple sweet potato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> L.). This research aimed to investigate three purple sweet potato-based organs' antioxidative activity and flavonoid contents. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Antioxidative activities, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were performed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Pearson's method analyzed the correlation of TPC and TFC with antioxidative activities and the correlation between two antioxidative testing methods. <b>Results:</b> Antioxidative activity of three organs purple sweet potato using DPPH method showed values varied from 6.572-290.894 mg AAE g<sup>1</sup> and using CUPRAC method varied from 25.169-621.254 mg AAE g<sup>1</sup>. The highest TPC was found in ethanolic leaves extract (20.885 g GAE 100 g<sup>1</sup>), while the highest TFC was found in ethyl acetate leaves extract (10.048 g QE 100 g<sup>1</sup>). <b>Conclusion:</b> DPPH and CUPRAC tests revealed that purple sweet potato leaves, stem and tuber extracts were potent antioxidants. The potential antioxidative activity was found in the waste product of purple sweet potatoes (leaves and stem). Phenol and flavonoid compounds had contributors to antioxidative activity. DPPH and CUPRAC methods gave linear results for most of the antioxidative activity in three organs of purple sweet potato. Ethanol stem extract contained luteolin 7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin. Rutin had the highest content, which was 0.399%.
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Ghosh S, Hazra J, Pal K, Nelson VK, Pal M. Prostate cancer: Therapeutic prospect with herbal medicine. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100034. [PMID: 34909665 PMCID: PMC8663990 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men worldwide. A geographic variation on the burden of the disease suggested that the environment, genetic makeup, lifestyle, and food habits modulate one's susceptibility to the disease. Although it has been generally thought to be an older age disease, and awareness and timely execution of screening programs have managed to contain the disease in the older population over the last decades, the incidence is still increasing in the population younger than 50. Existing treatment is efficient for PCa that is localized and responsive to androgen. However, the androgen resistant and metastatic PCa are challenging to treat. Conventional radiation and chemotherapies are associated with severe side effects in addition to being exorbitantly expensive. Many isolated phytochemicals and extracts of plants used in traditional medicine are known for their safety and diverse healing properties, including many with varying levels of anti-PCa activities. Many of the phytochemicals discussed here, as shown by many laboratories, inhibit tumor cell growth and proliferation by interfering with the components in the pathways responsible for the enhanced proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in the prostate cells while upregulating the mechanisms of cell death and cell cycle arrest. Notably, many of these agents simultaneously target multiple cellular pathways. We analyzed the available literature and provided an update on this issue in this review article. Prostate cancer in a major cause of death in older population worldwide. Efficacies of current treatment options are limited in many cases. Phytochemicals and extracts isolated from plants show anti-prostate cancer activity with unique mechanisms. Certain phytochemicals alone or in combination with current chemotherapy show therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Joyita Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vinod K Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Abstract
Benzopyrylium salts are an unexplored class of compounds and as a first, this study reports them as potential therapeutic agents. In this effort we pursue the synthesis and in vitro anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of some novel benzopyrylium salts. The benzopyrylium salts were synthesized and further characterized via UV-vis, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The benzopyrylium salts were tested in vitro for anticancer activity across NCI 60 cell line panel. PS-CP-4MO showed the best activity against the MDA-MB-435 cell line of melanoma cancer in terms of the least GI50 (1.78 μM), TGI (3.47 μM) and LC50 (6.77 μM) values and showed selectivity against melanoma, colon cancer and leukemia. Mechanistic studies indicate that this compound inhibits MCF-7 cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and abrogates colony formation and wound healing in the cancer cells. Antibacterial studies show that some of the benzopyrylium salts are active on S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and the best active compound PS-CP-5Cl has a MIC of 8 μg/mL. Antioxidant studies indicate that they have good free radical scavenging properties (PS-CP-5Cl showed activity 1.48 times ascorbic acid). Fulfillment of the Lipinski's parameters of the benzopyrylium salts in silico showed tremendous drug likeness as potential pharmacophore leads.
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Alam MK. A comprehensive review of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam): Revisiting the associated health benefits. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidants, and Health Benefits of Sweet Potato Leaves. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071820. [PMID: 33804903 PMCID: PMC8038024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most important food crops worldwide and its leaves provide a dietary source of nutrients and various bioactive compounds. These constituents of sweet potato leaves (SPL) vary among varieties and play important roles in treating and preventing various diseases. Recently, more attentions in health-promoting benefits have led to several in vitro and in vivo investigations, as well as the identification and quantification of bioactive compounds in SPL. Among them, many new compounds have been reported as the first identified compounds from SPL with their dominant bioactivities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the bioactive compositions of SPL and their health benefits. Since SPL serve as a potential source of micronutrients and functional compounds, they can be further developed as a sustainable crop for food and medicinal industries.
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Lachance JC, Radhakrishnan S, Madiwale G, Guerrier S, Vanamala JKP. Targeting hallmarks of cancer with a food-system-based approach. Nutrition 2019; 69:110563. [PMID: 31622909 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive resources are dedicated to the development and study of cancer drugs, the cancer burden is expected to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decade. This highlights a critical need to develop effective, evidence-based strategies for countering the global rise in cancer incidence. Except in high-risk populations, cancer drugs are not generally suitable for use in cancer prevention owing to potential side effects and substantial monetary costs (Sporn, 2011). There is overwhelming epidemiological and experimental evidence that the dietary bioactive compounds found in whole plant-based foods have significant anticancer and chemopreventative properties. These bioactive compounds often exert pleiotropic effects and act synergistically to simultaneously target multiple pathways of cancer. Common bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables include carotenoids, glucosinolates, and polyphenols. These compounds have been shown to target multiple hallmarks of cancer in vitro and in vivo and potentially to address the diversity and heterogeneity of certain cancers. Although many studies have been conducted over the past 30 y, the scientific community has still not reached a consensus on exactly how the benefit of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables can be best harnessed to help reduce the risk for cancer. Different stages of the food processing system, from "farm-to-fork," can affect the retention of bioactive compounds and thus the chemopreventative properties of whole foods, and there are opportunities to improve handling of foods throughout the stages in order to best retain their chemopreventative properties. Potential target stages include, but are not limited to, pre- and postharvest management, storage, processing, and consumer practices. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive food-system-based approach that not only taking into account the effects of the food system on anticancer activity of whole foods, but also exploring solutions for consumers, policymakers, processors, and producers. Improved knowledge about this area of the food system can help us adjust farm-to-fork operations in order to consistently and predictably deliver desired bioactive compounds, thus better utilizing them as invaluable chemopreventative tools in the fight to reduce the growing burden of cancer worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Lachance
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sridhar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Stéphane Guerrier
- Geneva School of Economics and Management & Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jairam K P Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; The Pennsylvania State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Dhanyakrishnan R, Sunitha MC, Prakash Kumar B, Sandya S, Nevin KG. Morphological and molecular effects of phenolic extract from coconut kernel on human prostate cancer cell growth in vitro. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-17174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Coconut is an indispensable ingredient in the diet and traditional medicine of individuals belonging to the Indian subcontinent. Coconut is of high nutritional value owing to the presence of all essential dietary components, viz, saturated fatty acids, arginine rich proteins, fibre and minor components like vitamin E, phytosterols, polyphenols and flavonoids. The polyphenolic content present in coconut kernel is of particular interest due to their numerous reported beneficial effects such as reduction of oxidative stress, combating cancer and in modulating anti-inflammatory pathways. Therefore, in the present study the cytotoxic effect of the polyphenol rich fraction from coconut kernel (CKf) was evaluated in human prostate cancer (DU-145) cells. Individual components present in CKf was determined by LC-MS analysis. It showed that CKf contained several bioactive molecules which have potential anticancer activity viz, coumaric acid, myristin, chlorogenic acid and triterpenoid methyl esters. The cytotoxic effect of CKf at various concentrations (2.5–20 μg/ml) on DU-145 was assessed using MTT assay, AO/EB staining, mitochondrial superoxide/ROS production and changes in intracellular calcium levels, 24 hrs post treatment. Changes in the cell morphology and nucleus were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Confocal microscopy. ROS and mitochondrial superoxide levels was evaluated using DCHF-DA and MitoSOX staining respectively. The impact of ROS on changes in cellular calcium levels was also studied using Fura-2-AM. LDH leakage from C K f treated and control cells were observed colorimetrically. Further, PCR analysis was done to detect changes in mitochondria associated apoptotic gene expression. It was also observed that C K f treatment increased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes - Bax, Bid, Bak and p53 in a dose-dependent manner. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that C K f may be used as a part of a dietary regime for controlling the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Chacko Sunitha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills PO, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sukumaran Sandya
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
- Spectroscopy/Analytical/Test Facility, Entrepreneurship Centre, Society for Innovation and Development (SID), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
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BCI induces apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in H1299 lung cancer cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ogutu FO, Mu TH, Sun H, Zhang M. Ultrasonic Modified Sweet Potato Pectin Induces Apoptosis like Cell Death in Colon Cancer (HT-29) Cell Line. Nutr Cancer 2017; 70:136-145. [PMID: 29227691 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1406123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectin and especially modified citrus pectin possesses anticancer activity. Hence, the current study investigated anticancer activity of ultrasonic-modified sweet potato pectin (SPP) on HT-29 cells to assess its potential as a cancer therapeutic agent. METHOD The effect of ultrasonic treatment on SPP molecular weight, galacturonic acid content, degree of methoxylation, and neutral sugar was investigated. Moreover, the effect of sonicated variant on human HT-29 cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, cell cytotoxicity, and apoptosis by Annexin V/PI flow cytometer and caspase-3 activity was studied. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sonication led up to seven-fold decrease in molecular weight. The degree of methoxylation (DM) decreased more than two-fold. Moreover, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content increased up to 92%, arabinose and galactose content increased. The SSPP inhibited cell proliferation with the IC50 values 0.5 mg/ml and 0.75 mg/ml for 400 W and 200 W SSPP, respectively. Moreover, 14.41 ± 1.64% cell cytotoxicity was elicited by 400 W SSPP and 6.83 ± 0.80% by 200 W SSPP. Both SSPPs induced apoptosis with 400 W SSPP eliciting 19.42% and 42.21% apoptosis at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml, while 200 W SSPP induced 13.79% and 39.50% apoptosis at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. SSPP activity increased with both increased concentration and sonication intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Onyango Ogutu
- a Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing , Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , P.R. China.,b Food Technology Division , Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Tai-Hua Mu
- a Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing , Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Hongnan Sun
- a Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing , Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- a Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing , Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , P.R. China
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Xu G, Shen J, Sun P, Niu Y, Zhao P, Tang P, Zhang J, Fei C, Bu L, Yue Z, Liu H, Wang Z, Yang L, Sun D. Potato freeze-thaw solution enhances immune function and antitumor activity in vivo. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6129-6134. [PMID: 29113257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although potato extract, derived from various methods, exhibits anticancer, antiviral and anti-parasite activities in vitro and in vivo, the bioactivity of potato solution remains unclear using the freeze-thaw extraction method granted by the State Intellectual Property Office of China. In the present study, a potato freeze-thaw solution (PFTS) was fed to mice with ascites tumor that were pre-treated with cyclophosphamide. The numbers of peripheral white blood cells (WBCs), macrophage phagocytosis, lymphocyte transformation and survival of mice were measured. While mice injected with cyclophosphamide exhibited decreased counts of peripheral WBCs, treatment of the cyclophosphamide-injected mice with PFTS for 10 days significantly increased the number of peripheral WBCs and reversed WBC counts to the normal level, a comparable effect to that of Ganoderma lucidum. In addition, treatment with PFTS for 20 days significantly enhanced peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte transformation. Lastly, PFTS was noticed to prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice when compared with that of control mice. Collectively, these data suggested that PFTS, at least in part, enhances immune function and possesses antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Xu
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Yan Niu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Chunxue Fei
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Leinan Bu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Yue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Honghao Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Limin Yang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China.,Inner Mongolia Mengjian Biotechnology Company, Wuchua, Inner Mongolia 011700, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, P.R. China
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Chen KL, Jung P, Kulkoyluoglu-Cotul E, Liguori C, Lumibao J, Mazewski C, Ranard K, Rowles JL, Wang Y, Xue L, Madak-Erdogan Z. Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Cancer Hallmarks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7. [PMID: 30581989 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2017.07.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diet and nutrition are undeniably two factors that have a major impact on the prevention, progression, and treatment of various cancers. In this review, we will discuss how bioactives from diet and nutritional status affect each of the hallmarks of cancer. We will present recent research and discuss using diet and nutrition as a means to prevent and treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | | | - Carli Liguori
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Jan Lumibao
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Candice Mazewski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | | | - Joe L Rowles
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Louisa Xue
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
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21
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Moradi MT, Karimi A, Alidadi S. In vitro antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities of crude ethyle alcohole extract of Quercus brantii L. acorn and subsequent fractions. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:196-202. [PMID: 27025366 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell resistance to widely used chemotherapeutic agents is gradually developed. Natural products, mainly isolated from medicinal plants, have been considered as valuable sources for herbal anticancer drugs. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities of crude ethyle alcohole extract and four fractions of Q. brantii acorn. Crude ethyle alcohole extract of Q. brantii acorn was prepared and subjected to fractionation with different polarity. Subsequently, the extract and the fractions wereevaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity in two cancerous (Hela and AGS) and one normal (HDFs) cell lines using MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2ol) 2, 5 diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] assay. To determine whether the cytotoxicity of these compounds involved the induction of apoptosis, Hela cells were treated with IC50 concentrations of test compounds, stained with both propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and analyzed by flow cytometry. In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that the cell viability was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with crude ethyle alcohole extract and Cholophorm and n-Butanol fractions. Based on the probit regression model, antiproliferative activities of crude ethyle alcohole extract, Cholophorm fraction, and n-Butanol fraction on Hela and AGS cells and HDFs cells were significantly different (P < 0.001). The results of flow cytometric analysis showed that crude ethyle alcohole extract and two fractions of Q. brantii acorn induced early apoptotic cell death. These findings suggest that crude ethyle alcohole extract and Cholophorm and n-Butanol fractions of Q. brantii acorn suppress the proliferation of cancer cells through induction of early apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Taghi Moradi
- Student's Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Karimi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Alidadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
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Wang S, Nie S, Zhu F. Chemical constituents and health effects of sweet potato. Food Res Int 2016; 89:90-116. [PMID: 28460992 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potatoes are becoming a research focus in recent years due to their unique nutritional and functional properties. Bioactive carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, conjugated phenolic acids, and minerals represent versatile nutrients in different parts (tubers, leaves, stems, and stalks) of sweet potato. The unique composition of sweet potato contributes to their various health benefits, such as antioxidative, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, antiaging effects. Factors affecting the nutritional composition and bio-functions of sweet potato include the varieties, plant parts, extraction time and solvents, postharvest storage, and processing. The assays for bio-function evaluation also contribute to the variations among different studies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the chemical composition of sweet potato, and their bio-functions studied in vitro and in vivo. Leaves, stems, and stalks of sweet potato remain much underutilized on commercial levels. Sweet potato can be further developed as a sustainable crop for diverse nutritionally enhanced and value-added food products to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Wang
- Canadian Food and Wine Institute, Niagara College, 135 Taylor Road, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada L0S 1J0; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Ghasemzadeh A, Talei D, Jaafar HZE, Juraimi AS, Mohamed MTM, Puteh A, Halim MRA. Plant-growth regulators alter phytochemical constituents and pharmaceutical quality in Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:152. [PMID: 27234523 PMCID: PMC4884425 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the most important consumed crops in many parts of the world because of its economic importance and content of health-promoting phytochemicals. Methods With the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as our model, we investigated the exogenous effects of three plant-growth regulators methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA) on major phytochemicals in relation to phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity. Specifically, we investigated the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and total β-carotene content (TCC). Individual phenolic and flavonoid compounds were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Antioxidant activities of treated plants were evaluated using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and a β-carotene bleaching assay. Anticancer activity of extracts was evaluated against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) using MTT assay. Results TPC, TFC, TAC, and TCC and antioxidant activities were substantially increased in MeJA-, SA-, and ABA-treated plants. Among the secondary metabolites identified in this study, MeJA application significantly induced production of quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Luteolin synthesis was significantly induced by SA application. Compared with control plants, MeJA-treated sweet potato exhibited the highest PAL activity, followed by SA and ABA treatment. The high DPPH activity was observed in MeJA followed by SA and ABA, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2.40, 3.0, and 3.40 mg/mL compared with α-tocopherol (1.1 mg/mL). Additionally, MeJA-treated sweet potato showed the highest β-carotene bleaching activity, with an IC50 value of 2.90 mg/mL, followed by SA (3.30 mg/mL), ABA (3.70 mg/mL), and control plants (4.5 mg/mL). Extracts of sweet potato root treated with MeJA exhibited potent anticancer activity with IC50 of 0.66 and 0.62 mg/mL against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines respectively, compared to that of extracts of sweet potato treated with SA (MDA-MB-231 = 0.78 mg/mL; MCF-7 = 0.90 mg/mL) and ABA (MDA-MB-231 = 0.94 mg/mL; MCF-7 = 1.40 mg/mL). The results of correlation analysis showed that anthocyanins and flavooids are corresponding compounds in sweet potato root extracts for anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines. Conclusions MeJA has great potential to enhance the production of important health-promoting phytochemicals in sweet potato.
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Motsa NM, Modi AT, Mabhaudhi T. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as a drought tolerant and food security crop. S AFR J SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2015/20140252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Sweet potato is an important ‘indigenised’ root crop in South Africa. It features prominently in smallholder cropping systems because of its versatility, drought tolerance and positive role in food security. It outranks most staple crops in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and protein content. Much information is available on sweet potato as a drought tolerant and food security crop, but critical reviews that link its drought tolerance with food security are lacking. We review sweet potato as a food security crop, focusing on mechanisms associated with drought. We conclude that the crop has great potential in the light of imminent challenges associated with drought as a negative effect of climate change.
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Ethanolic Extracts of Pluchea indica Induce Apoptosis and Antiproliferation Effects in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:11508-23. [PMID: 26111179 PMCID: PMC6272159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluchea indica is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of lumbago, ulcer, tuberculosis and inflammation. The anti-cancer activities and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the ethanolic extracts of P. indica root (PIRE) were characterized in the present study. PIRE strongly inhibited the viability of the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (NPC-TW 01 and NPC-TW 04) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Migration of cancer cells was also suppressed by PIRE. In addition, PIRE significantly increased the occurrence of the cells in sub-G1 phase and the extent of DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner, which indicates that PIRE significantly increased apoptosis in NPC cells. The apoptotic process triggered by PIRE involved up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, consequently increasing the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 protein levels. Moreover, the p53 protein was up-regulated by PIRE in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, PIRE could induce the apoptosis-signaling pathway in NPC cells by activation of p53 and by regulation of apoptosis-related proteins.
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Kumar M, Kaur P, Kumar S, Kaur S. Antiproliferative and Apoptosis Inducing Effects of Non-Polar Fractions from Lawsonia inermis L. in Cervical (HeLa) Cancer Cells. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 21:249-60. [PMID: 25931778 PMCID: PMC4411381 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two non-polar fractions viz. hexane (Hex-LI) and chloroform fraction (CHCl3-LI) of Lawsonia inermis were studied for their antiproliferative potential in various cancer cell lines viz. HeLa, MCF-7, A549 and C6 glioma cells. Both the fractions showed more than 60 % of growth inhibition in all the tested cell lines at highest tested concentration. In clonogenic assay, different concentrations of Hex-LI and CHCl3-LI decreased the number and size of colonies as compared to control in HeLa cells. The apoptotic effects as nuclear condensation, fragmentation were visualized with Hoechst-33342 staining of HeLa cells using confocal microscope. Both fractions induced apoptotic cell death in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells as evident from flow cytometric analysis carried out using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide dyes. CHCl3-LI treated cells significantly induced apoptosis (25.43 %) in comparison to control. Results from Neutral Comet assay demonstrated that both fractions induced double stranded breaks (DSB's) in HeLa cells. Our data indicated that Hex-LI and CHCl3-LI treated cells showed significant increase of 32.2 and 18.56 % reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in DCFH-DA assay respectively. Further, experimental studies to decipher exact pathway via which these fractions induce cell death are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Paramjeet Kaur
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- />Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
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Zhou B, Yi H, Tan J, Wu Y, Liu G, Qiu Z. Anti-proliferative effects of polyphenols from pomegranate rind (Punica granatum L.) on EJ bladder cancer cells via regulation of p53/miR-34a axis. Phytother Res 2015; 29:415-22. [PMID: 25572695 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs and their validated miRNA targets appear as novel effectors in biological activities of plant polyphenols; however, limited information is available on miR-34a mediated cytotoxicity of pomegranate rind polyphenols in cancer cell lines. For this purpose, cell viability assay, Realtime quantitative PCR for mRNA quantification, western blot for essential protein expression, p53 silencing by shRNA and miR-34a knockdown were performed in the present study. EJ cell treatment with 100 µg (GAE)/mL PRE for 48 h evoked poor cell viability and caspase-dependent pro-apoptosis appearance. PRE also elevated p53 protein and triggered miR-34a expression. The c-Myc and CD44 were confirmed as direct targets of miR-34a in EJ cell apoptosis induced by PRE. Our results provide sufficient evidence that polyphenols in PRE can be potential molecular clusters to suppress bladder cancer cell EJ proliferation via p53/miR-34a axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
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Ha US, Bae WJ, Kim SJ, Yoon BI, Hong SH, Lee JY, Hwang TK, Hwang SY, Wang Z, Kim SW. Anthocyanin induces apoptosis of DU-145 cells in vitro and inhibits xenograft growth of prostate cancer. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:16-23. [PMID: 25510742 PMCID: PMC4276751 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of anthocyanins extracted from black soybean, which have antioxidant activity, on apoptosis in vitro (in hormone refractory prostate cancer cells) and on tumor growth in vivo (in athymic nude mouse xenograft model). MATERIALS AND METHODS The growth and viability of DU-145 cells treated with anthocyanins were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and apoptosis was assessed by DNA laddering. Immunoblotting was conducted to evaluate differences in the expressions of p53, Bax, Bcl, androgen receptor (AR), and prostate specific antigen (PSA). To study the inhibitory effects of anthocyanins on tumor growth in vivo, DU-145 tumor xenografts were established in athymic nude mice. The anthocyanin group was treated with daily oral anthocyanin (8 mg/kg) for 14 weeks. After 2 weeks of treatment, DU-145 cells (2×10⁶) were inoculated subcutaneously into the right flank to establish tumor xenografts. Tumor dimensions were measured twice a week using calipers and volumes were calculated. RESULTS Anthocyanin treatment of DU-145 cells resulted in 1) significant increase in apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, 2) significant decrease in p53 and Bcl-2 expressions (with increased Bax expression), and 3) significant decrease in PSA and AR expressions. In the xenograft model, anthocyanin treatment significantly inhibit tumor growth. CONCLUSION This study suggests that anthocyanins from black soybean inhibit the progression of prostate cancer in vitro and in a xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Jin Bae
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Il Yoon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Kon Hwang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Ji H, Zhang H, Li H, Li Y. Analysis on the Nutrition Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Different Types of Sweet Potato Cultivars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2015.61017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xi L, Mu T, Sun H. Preparative purification of polyphenols from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves by AB-8 macroporous resins. Food Chem 2014; 172:166-74. [PMID: 25442539 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the adsorption properties of AB-8 macroporous resin for sweet potato leaf polyphenols was investigated. The adsorption mechanism was elaborated by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and the purification parameters were optimised by adsorption and desorption tests. The constituents and their contents of the purified products were analysed, and the antioxidant activities were determined. The results showed that the optimal processing parameters were as follows: an initial polyphenol concentration of 2.0mg chlorogenic acid equivalent (CAE)/ml, pH 3.0, an ethanol desorption solution concentration of 70% (v/v) and a flow rate for feeding and elution of 1BV/h. The purified products mainly contained eight phenolic constituents and the contents of three di-caffeoylquinic acids were relatively higher than the other constituents. The purified products possessed strong antioxidant activities. In conclusion, purification by AB-8 macroporous resin was highly efficient, economic and environmentally friendly and has a great industrial production potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Xi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Taihua Mu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Hongnan Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Gundala SR, Yang C, Mukkavilli R, Paranjpe R, Brahmbhatt M, Pannu V, Cheng A, Reid MD, Aneja R. Hydroxychavicol, a betel leaf component, inhibits prostate cancer through ROS-driven DNA damage and apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:86-96. [PMID: 25064160 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phytochemicals are excellent ROS-modulating agents and have been shown to effectively enhance ROS levels beyond toxic threshold in cancer cells to ensure their selective killing while leaving normal cells unscathed. Here we demonstrate that hydroxychavicol (HC), extracted and purified from Piper betel leaves, significantly inhibits growth and proliferation via ROS generation in human prostate cancer, PC-3 cells. HC perturbed cell-cycle kinetics and progression, reduced clonogenicity and mediated cytotoxicity by ROS-induced DNA damage leading to activation of several pro-apoptotic molecules. In addition, HC treatment elicited a novel autophagic response as evidenced by the appearance of acidic vesicular organelles and increased expression of autophagic markers, LC3-IIb and beclin-1. Interestingly, quenching of ROS with tiron, an antioxidant, offered significant protection against HC-induced inhibition of cell growth and down regulation of caspase-3, suggesting the crucial role of ROS in mediating cell death. The collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential by HC further revealed the link between ROS generation and induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Our data showed remarkable inhibition of prostate tumor xenografts by ~72% upon daily oral administration of 150mg/kg bw HC by quantitative tumor volume measurements and non-invasive real-time bioluminescent imaging. HC was well-tolerated at this dosing level without any observable toxicity. This is the first report to demonstrate the anti-prostate cancer efficacy of HC in vitro and in vivo, which is perhaps attributable to its selective prooxidant activity to eliminate cancer cells thus providing compelling grounds for future preclinical studies to validate its potential usefulness for prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | | | - Meera Brahmbhatt
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Vaishali Pannu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Alice Cheng
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Michelle D Reid
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Apoptotic and inhibitory effects on cell proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by methanol leaf extract of Costus speciosus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:637098. [PMID: 24818148 PMCID: PMC4000957 DOI: 10.1155/2014/637098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Costus speciosus is a medicinal plant commonly known as wild ginger distributed in South and Southeast Asian countries. Leaves of this plant are used for ayurvedic treatment regimes in malignancies and mental illness. Rhizome extract from the plant is used to treat malignancies, pneumonia, urinary disorders, jaundice, rheumatism, and diabetes. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of methanol extract of leaves of C. speciosus on the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and understand possible mechanisms of its action. Viability of HepG2 cells were measured by MTS assay after 24 h and 48 h treatment with extracts of 1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL concentrations. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry and caspase-3 induction. HepG2 cells treated with 100 μg/mL methanol leaf extract for 24 h displayed a significant reduction in cell viability (P ≤ 0.05). The methanol extract perturbed cell cycle progression, modulated cell cycle and regulated, signal molecules were involved in induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Our findings indicate that phytochemicals of leaves of C. speciosus shows potential for natural therapeutic product development for hepatocellular carcinoma. This is the first report to demonstrate in vitro anticancer activity of leaf extract of C. speciosus in relation to liver cancer.
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Yatkin E, Polari L, Laajala TD, Smeds A, Eckerman C, Holmbom B, Saarinen NM, Aittokallio T, Mäkelä SI. Novel Lignan and stilbenoid mixture shows anticarcinogenic efficacy in preclinical PC-3M-luc2 prostate cancer model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93764. [PMID: 24699425 PMCID: PMC3974786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer of men in the Western world, and novel approaches for prostate cancer risk reduction are needed. Plant-derived phenolic compounds attenuate prostate cancer growth in preclinical models by several mechanisms, which is in line with epidemiological findings suggesting that consumption of plant-based diets is associated with low risk of prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a novel lignan-stilbenoid mixture in PC-3M-luc2 human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in orthotopic xenografts. Lignan and stilbenoid –rich extract was obtained from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) knots. Pine knot extract as well as stilbenoids (methyl pinosylvin and pinosylvin), and lignans (matairesinol and nortrachelogenin) present in pine knot extract showed antiproliferative and proapoptotic efficacy at ≥40 μM concentration in vitro. Furthermore, pine knot extract derived stilbenoids enhanced tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis already at ≥10 μM concentrations. In orthotopic PC-3M-luc2 xenograft bearing immunocompromized mice, three-week peroral exposure to pine knot extract (52 mg of lignans and stilbenoids per kg of body weight) was well tolerated and showed anti-tumorigenic efficacy, demonstrated by multivariate analysis combining essential markers of tumor growth (i.e. tumor volume, vascularization, and cell proliferation). Methyl pinosylvin, pinosylvin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, as well as resveratrol, a metabolite of pinosylvin, were detected in serum at total concentration of 7−73 μM, confirming the bioavailability of pine knot extract derived lignans and stilbenoids. In summary, our data indicates that pine knot extract is a novel and cost-effective source of resveratrol, methyl pinosylvin and other bioactive lignans and stilbenoids. Pine knot extract shows anticarcinogenic efficacy in preclinical prostate cancer model, and our in vitro data suggests that compounds derived from the extract may have potential as novel chemosensitizers to TRAIL. These findings promote further research on health-related applications of wood biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Yatkin
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu D. Laajala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Smeds
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Turku, Finland
| | - Christer Eckerman
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Turku, Finland
| | - Bjarne Holmbom
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Turku, Finland
| | - Niina M. Saarinen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari I. Mäkelä
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Sehitoglu MH, Farooqi AA, Qureshi MZ, Butt G, Aras A. Anthocyanins: Targeting of Signaling Networks in Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2379-81. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bak Y, Ham S, Baatartsogt O, Jung SH, Choi KD, Han TY, Han IY, Yoon DY. A1E inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in NCI-H460 lung cancer cells via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4507-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:325-30. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328360f591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gundala SR, Yang C, Lakshminarayana N, Asif G, Gupta MV, Shamsi S, Aneja R. Polar biophenolics in sweet potato greens extract synergize to inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation and in vivo tumor growth. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2039-49. [PMID: 23629419 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables indisputably confer anticancer benefits upon regular consumption. Recently, we demonstrated the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing properties of polyphenol-rich sweet potato greens extract (SPGE) in cell culture and in vivo prostate cancer xenograft models. However, the bioactive constituents remain elusive. Here, we report a bioactivity-guided fractionation of SPGE based upon differential solvent polarity using chromatographic techniques that led to the identification of a remarkably active polyphenol-enriched fraction, F5, which was ~100-fold more potent than the parent extract as shown by IC50 measurements in human prostate cancer cells. High-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet and mass spectrometric analyses of the seven SPGE fractions suggested varying abundance of the major phenols, quinic acid (QA), caffeic acid, its ester chlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acids, 4,5-di-CQA, 3,5-di-CQA and 3,4-di-CQA, with a distinct composition of the most active fraction, F5. Subfractionation of F5 resulted in loss of bioactivity, suggesting synergistic interactions among the constituent phytochemicals. Quantitative analyses revealed a ~2.6- and ~3.6-fold enrichment of QA and chlorogenic acid, respectively, in F5 and a definitive ratiometric relationship between the isochlorogenic acids. Daily oral administration of 400mg/kg body wt of F5 inhibited growth and progression of prostate tumor xenografts by ~75% in nude mice, as evidenced by tumor volume measurements and non-invasive real-time bioluminescence imaging. These data generate compelling grounds to further examine the chemopreventive efficacy of the most active fraction of SPGE and suggest its potential usefulness as a dietary supplement for prostate cancer management.
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Choumessi AT, Loureiro R, Silva AM, Moreira AC, Pieme AC, Tazoacha A, Oliveira PJ, Penlap VB. Toxicity evaluation of some traditional African spices on breast cancer cells and isolated rat hepatic mitochondria. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Thomas CM, Wood RC, Wyatt JE, Pendleton MH, Torrenegra RD, Rodriguez OE, Harirforoosh S, Ballester M, Lightner J, Krishnan K, Ramsauer VP. Anti-neoplastic activity of two flavone isomers derived from Gnaphalium elegans and Achyrocline bogotensis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39806. [PMID: 22768128 PMCID: PMC3387256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 4000 flavonoids have been identified so far and among these, many are known to have antitumor activities. The basis of the relationships between chemical structures, type and position of substituent groups and the effects these compounds exert specifically on cancer cells are not completely elucidated. Here we report the differential cytotoxic effects of two flavone isomers on human cancer cells from breast (MCF7, SK-BR-3), colon (Caco-2, HCT116), pancreas (MIA PaCa, Panc 28), and prostate (PC3, LNCaP) that vary in differentiation status and tumorigenic potential. These flavones are derived from plants of the family Asteraceae, genera Gnaphalium and Achyrocline reputed to have anti-cancer properties. Our studies indicate that 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy flavone) displays potent activity against more differentiated carcinomas of the colon (Caco-2), and pancreas (Panc28), whereas 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy flavone) cytototoxic action is observed on poorly differentiated carcinomas of the colon (HCT116), pancreas (Mia PaCa), and breast (SK-BR3). Both flavones induced cell death (>50%) as proven by MTT cell viability assay in these cancer cell lines, all of which are regarded as highly tumorigenic. At the concentrations studied (5-80 µM), neither flavone demonstrated activity against the less tumorigenic cell lines, breast cancer MCF-7 cells, androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer line, and androgen-unresponsive PC3 prostate cancer cells. 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy flavone) displays activity against more differentiated carcinomas of the colon and pancreas, but minimal cytotoxicity on poorly differentiated carcinomas of these organs. On the contrary, 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy flavone) is highly cytotoxic to poorly differentiated carcinomas of the colon, pancreas, and breast with minimal activity against more differentiated carcinomas of the same organs. These differential effects suggest activation of distinct apoptotic pathways. In conclusion, the specific chemical properties of these two flavone isomers dictate mechanistic properties which may be relevant when evaluating biological responses to flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christan M. Thomas
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Wood
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jarrett E. Wyatt
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Morgan H. Pendleton
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | | | - Sam Harirforoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Maria Ballester
- Division of Math Science and Technology, Farquhar College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
| | - Janet Lightner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Koyamangalath Krishnan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Victoria P. Ramsauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cuccioloni M, Bonfili L, Mozzicafreddo M, Cecarini V, Eleuteri AM, Angeletti M. Sanguisorba minor extract suppresses plasmin-mediated mechanisms of cancer cell migration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1027-34. [PMID: 22348918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanguisorba minor, as well as several other edible herbs and vegetables, has been used extensively in traditional medicine. The observed beneficial effects can be attributed at least in part to the direct modulation of several enzymatic activities by its polyphenolic constituents. METHODS The ethanol extract of Sanguisorba minor was characterized by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, and most relevant analytes were identified by multiple stage mass spectrometry. The whole extract and the most relevant isolated constituents were tested for their ability to modulate the activity of human plasmin both toward a synthetic substrate and in human breast cancer cell culture models. Kinetic and equilibrium parameters were obtained by a concerted spectrophotometric and biosensor-based approach. RESULTS Quercetin-3-glucuronide was recognized as the compound mainly responsible for the in vitro plasmin inhibition by S. minor extract, with an inhibition constant in the high nanomolar range; in detail, our approach based on bioinformatic, enzymatic and binding analyses classified the inhibition as competitive. Most interestingly, cell-based assays showed that this flavonoid was effective in suppressing plasmin-induced loss of cancer cell adhesion. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results show that the extract from Sanguisorba minor limits plasmin-mediated tumor cell motility in vitro, mostly due to quercetin-3-glucuronide. This glucuronated flavonoid is a promising template for rational designing of anticancer drugs to be used in the treatment of pathological states involving the unregulated activity of plasmin.
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