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Liu G, Wang H, Ran R, Wang Y, Li Y. FOSL1 transcriptionally regulates PHLDA2 to promote 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154496. [PMID: 37178619 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor drug resistance is a leading cause of tumor treatment failure. To date, the association between FOS-Like antigen-1 (FOSL1) and chemotherapy sensitivity in colon cancer is unclear. The present study investigated the molecular mechanism of FOSL1 regulating 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in colon cancer. METHODS FOSL1 expression in colon cancer was analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and its downstream regulatory factors were predicted. Pearson correlation analyzed the expression of FOSL1 and downstream regulatory gene. Meanwhile, the expression of FOSL1 and its downstream factor Pleckstrin Homology-Like Domain Family A Member 2 (PHLDA2) in colon cancer cell lines was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. The regulatory relationship between FOSL1 and PHLDA2 was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The effects of the FOSL1/PHLDA2 axis on the resistance in colon cancer cells to 5-FU were analyzed by cell experiments. RESULTS FOSL1 expression was evidently up-regulated in colon cancer and 5-FU resistant cells. FOSL1 was positively correlated with PHLDA2 in colon cancer. In vitro cell assays showed that low expression of FOSL1 significantly enhanced 5-FU sensitivity in colon cancer cells, significantly suppressed the proliferation of cancer cells, and induced apoptosis. Overexpression of FOSL1 presented the opposite regulatory trend. Mechanistically, FOSL1 activated PHLDA2 and up-regulated its expression. Moreover, by activating glycolysis, PHLDA2 promoted 5-Fu resistance and cell proliferation, and reduced cell apoptosis in colon cancer. CONCLUSION Down-regulated FOSL1 expression could enhance the 5-FU sensitivity of colon cancer cells, and FOSL1/PHLDA2 axis may be an effective target for overcoming chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Rui Ran
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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2
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Huang L, Liu B, Yu XW, Pan GQ, Xu JY, Yan D, Wang YL, Guo QN. Rat tight junction proteins are disrupted after subchronic exposure to okadaic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62201-62212. [PMID: 36940028 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA), a lipophilic phycotoxin distributed worldwide, causes diarrheic shellfish poisoning and even leads to tumor formation. Currently, the consumption of contaminated seafood is the most likely cause of chronic OA exposure, but there is a serious lack of relevant data. Here, the Sprague-Dawley rats were exposure to OA by oral administration at 100 µg/kg body weight, and the tissues were collected and analyzed to assess the effect of subchronic OA exposure. The results showed that subchronic OA administration disturbed colonic mucosal integrity and induced colitis. The colonic tight junction proteins were disrupted and the cell cycle of colonic epithelial cells was accelerated. It is inferred that disruption of the colonic tight junction proteins might be related to the development of chronic diarrhea by affecting water and ion transport. Moreover, the accelerated proliferation of colonic epithelial cells indicated that subchronic OA exposure might promote the restitution process of gut barrier or induce tumor promoter activity in rat colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wen Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent and Treat Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Qiang Pan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Chen Y, Gibson SB. Tumor Suppressing Subtransferable Candidate 4 Expression Prevents Autophagy-Induced Cell Death Following Temozolomide Treatment in Glioblastoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:823251. [PMID: 35309946 PMCID: PMC8926073 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.823251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of brain cancer in adults, with temozolomide (TMZ) being widely used as the standard chemotherapy drug for its treatment. However, GBM frequently becomes resistant to TMZ treatment due to various mechanisms including amplification and mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), where EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) is the most common EGFR mutation. Autophagy (macroautophagy) is an intracellular “self-degradation” process involving the lysosome. It mainly plays a pro-cell survival role contributing to drug resistance in cancers including GBM, but, under some conditions, it can induce cell death called autophagy-induced cell death (AuICD). We recently published that TSSC4 (tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 4) is a novel tumor suppressor and a novel autophagy inhibitor that inhibits cancer cell growth through its interacting with the autophagy protein LC3. In this brief research report, we demonstrate that cell death induced by TMZ in GBM cells is inhibited by overexpression of TSSC4. TSSC4 overexpression also prevents TMZ-induced autophagy but not when TSSC4 is mutated in its conserved LC3-interacting region. When EGFRvIII was expressed in GBM cells, TSSC4 protein was increased and TMZ-induced cell death was decreased. Knockout of TSSC4 in EGFRvIII-expressing GBM cells increased TMZ-induced autophagy and cell death. This cell death was decreased by autophagy inhibition, suggesting that TSSC4 downregulation promotes TMZ-induced AuICD. This indicates that TSSC4 is a novel target to sensitize GBM cells to TMZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Chen
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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4
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Chen Y, Zhang Z, Henson ES, Cuddihy A, Haigh K, Wang R, Haigh JJ, Gibson SB. Autophagy inhibition by TSSC4 (tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 4) contributes to sustainable cancer cell growth. Autophagy 2021; 18:1274-1296. [PMID: 34530675 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1973338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell growth is dependent upon the sustainability of proliferative signaling and resisting cell death. Macroautophagy/autophagy promotes cancer cell growth by providing nutrients to cells and preventing cell death. This is in contrast to autophagy promoting cell death under some conditions. The mechanism regulating autophagy-mediated cancer cell growth remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that TSSC4 (tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 4) is a novel tumor suppressor that suppresses cancer cell growth and tumor growth and prevents cell death induction during excessive growth by inhibiting autophagy. The oncogenic proteins ERBB2 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) and the activation EGFR mutant (EGFRvIII, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III) promote cell growth and TSSC4 expression in breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells, respectively. In EGFRvIII-expressing GBM cells, TSSC4 knockout shifted the function of autophagy from a pro-cell survival role to a pro-cell death role during prolonged cell growth. Furthermore, the interaction of TSSC4 with MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3) via its conserved LC3-interacting region (LIR) contributes to its inhibition of autophagy. Finally, TSSC4 suppresses tumorsphere formation and tumor growth by inhibiting autophagy and maintaining cell survival in tumorspheres. Taken together, sustainable cancer cell growth can be achieved by autophagy inhibition via TSSC4 expression.ABBREVIATIONS: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; CQ: chloroquine; EGFRvIII: epidermal growth factor receptor variant III; ERBB2: erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; GBM: glioblastoma multiforme; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule Associated protein 1 light chain 3; TSSC4: tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Chen
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elizabeth S Henson
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew Cuddihy
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Katharina Haigh
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruobing Wang
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jody J Haigh
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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5
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Xiao F, Liu X, Chen Y, Dai H. Tumor-Suppressing STF cDNA 3 Overexpression Suppresses Renal Fibrosis by Alleviating Anoikis Resistance and Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:588-600. [PMID: 34284400 DOI: 10.1159/000517318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofibroblast (MF) activation is the key event of irreversible renal interstitial fibrosis. Anoikis resistance is the hallmark of active MFs, which is conferred by continuous activation of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Our previous study found that tumor-suppressing STF cDNA 3 (TSSC3) enhances the sensitivity of cells to anoikis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that TSSC3 might suppress renal interstitial fibrosis by inducing anoikis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. METHODS Cell anoikis was induced by the exogenous addition of RGD-containing peptides or by culturing cells in suspension. MFs were established by stimulating HK-2 renal tubular epithelial cells with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Lentivirus vectors were to construct a TSSC3 overexpression cell model. The effects of TSSC3 on the anoikis, growth, migration, invasion, and contraction of MFs were determined using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate assays, cell counting kit-8 assays, wound healing migration assays, matrigel invasion assays, and collagen-based contraction assays. RESULTS The results demonstrated that TGF-β1, simultaneous with the induction of MF differentiation, confers significant protection against anoikis-induced cell death, which could be partly reversed by treatment with the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor, LY294002. Moreover, overexpression of TSSC3 obviously impaired cell growth, cell migration, cell invasion, contraction, and anoikis resistance of MFs, and decreased the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway and the production of extracellular matrix molecules, all of which could be attenuated by treatment with the PI3K/Akt pathway activator, 740Y-P. Taken together, this study suggested that TSSC3 attenuates the anoikis resistance and profibrogenic ability of TGF-β1-induced MF by regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway. CONCLUSION These findings provide a biological basis for further exploration of the therapeutic significance of targeting MF via TSSC3 in renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanzi Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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6
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R Mangone F, Av Valoyes M, G do Nascimento R, Pf Conceição M, R Bastos D, C Pavanelli A, C Soares I, S de Mello E, Nonogaki S, Ab de T Osório C, A Nagai M. Prognostic and predictive value of Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A family members in breast cancer. Biomark Med 2020; 14:1537-1552. [PMID: 33179538 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The PHLDA (pleckstrin homology like domain, family A) gene family encodes proteins capable of inhibiting AKT (serine/threonine kinase) signaling through phosphoinositol binding competition. Results & methodology: Using in silico analysis, we found that Luminal A and B patients' short relapse-free survival was associated with low PHLDA1 or PHLDA3 and high PHLDA2 expression. In a cohort of 393 patients with luminal breast cancer evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, we found a direct association of PHLDA3 expression with hormonal therapy response (p = 0.013). Conclusion: Our findings provide new information on the role played by the PHLDA family members as prognostic markers in breast cancer, and more importantly, we provide evidence that they might also predict a response to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia R Mangone
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, 01246-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maira Av Valoyes
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, 01246-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan G do Nascimento
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, 01246-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mércia Pf Conceição
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, 01246-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Bastos
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, 01246-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Pavanelli
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, 01246-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iberê C Soares
- Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro S de Mello
- Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, 01509-020, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Ab de T Osório
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, 01509-020, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Nagai
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, 01246-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Yao B, Niu Y, Li Y, Chen T, Wei X, Liu Q. High-matrix-stiffness induces promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and suppression of apoptosis via miR-3682-3p-PHLDA1-FAS pathway. J Cancer 2020; 11:6188-6203. [PMID: 33033502 PMCID: PMC7532500 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with malignant behaviors related to death causes distant metastasis and is the fourth primary cancer in the whole world, which has taken millions lives in Asian countries such as China. The novel miR-3682-3p involving high-expression-related poor prognosis in HCC tissues and cell lines indicate oncogenesis functions in vitro and in vivo. According to TCGA database, our group find several none-coding RNAs showing abnormal expression including miR-3682-3p, thus we originally confirmed the inhibition of proliferation and acceleration of apoptosis are enhanced in miR-3682-3p knock-down cell lines. Then, in nude mice transplantation assays, we found the suppressor behaviors, smaller nodules and lower speed of tumor expansion in model of injection of cell cultured and transfected shRNA-miR-3682-3p. A combination of databases (Starbase, Targetscan and MiRgator) illustrates miR-3682-3p targets PHLDA1, which shows negative correlation demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter system. To make functional verification of PHLDA1, we upregulate the gene and rescue tests are established to confirm that miR-3682-3p suppresses PHLDA1 to promotion of cell growth. Rescue experiments finish making confirmation of relation of miR-3682-3p and PHLDA1 subsequently. Cirrhotic tissues illustrate strong correlation to higher miR-3682-3p and clinical features make the hint that high-extracellular-matrix-stiffness environment promotes such miRNA. Functional tests on different stiffness provide the proof of underlying mechanism. In conclusion, the overexpression of miR-3682-3p mediates PHLDA1 inhibition could impede apoptosis and elevate proliferation of HCC through high-extracellular-matrix-stiffness environment potentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yongshen Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yazhao Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Medicine college, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
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8
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Zhang Q, Zhao GS, Cao Y, Tang XF, Tan QL, Lin L, Guo QN. Increased DEF6 expression is correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis in human osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1629-1640. [PMID: 32724404 PMCID: PMC7377196 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of high mortality in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of metastatic disease are yet to be determined. Differentially expressed in FDCP 6 homolog (DEF6) has been demonstrated to be correlated with the metastatic behavior of several cancers, such as breast, ovarian and colorectal cancers. However, the role of DEF6 in OS remains unknown. Accordingly, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between DEF6 expression and the malignant behavior of OS. The results revealed that high levels of DEF6 in OS tissues were associated with advanced clinical stage and metastases. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry results predicted a poor prognosis in 58 human OS specimens. Additionally, DEF6 expression was reported to be upregulated in human OS cell lines compared with a normal osteoblast cell line. small interfering RNA transfection, cell proliferation and colony formation assays, wound healing assays and Transwell assays were performed. DEF6 was not identified to be a major driver of OS cell proliferation, but it significantly contributed to metastatic potential in vitro. In addition, bioinformatics, western blotting and immunohistochemistry results indicated that MMP9 expression was positively correlated with DEF6 expression in human OS. To summarize, the results revealed that increased levels of DEF6 were associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in human OS and that DEF6 expression is positively correlated with MMP9 expression. The results indicated that DEF6 may serve as a potential antimetastatic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Ya Cao
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Lin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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9
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Izadpanah S, Shabani P, Aghebati-Maleki A, Baghbanzadeh A, Fotouhi A, Bisadi A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Baradaran B. Prospects for the involvement of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4167-4182. [PMID: 31709547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common bone tumors in children and adolescents that cause a high rate of mortality in this age group and tends to be metastatic, in spite of chemotherapy and surgery. The main reason for this can be returned to a small group of malignant cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). OS-CSCs play a key role in the resistance to treatment and relapse and metastasis through self-renewal and differentiation abilities. In this review, we intend to go through the different aspects of this malignant disease, including the cancer stem cell-phenotype, methods for isolating CSCs, signaling pathways, and molecular markers in this disease, and drugs showing resistance in treatment efforts of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Izadpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parastoo Shabani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Fotouhi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Bisadi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Liu L, Lin J, He H. Identification of Potential Crucial Genes Associated With the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:373. [PMID: 31105744 PMCID: PMC6499025 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in the development of strategies for treating EC, prognosis of the disease remains unsatisfactory, especially for advanced EC. The aim of this study was to identify novel genes that can be used as potential biomarkers for identifying the prognosis of EC and to construct a novel risk stratification using these genes. Methods and Results An mRNA sequencing dataset, corresponding survival data and expression profiling of an array of EC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus, respectively. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on sequencing and expression as given in the profiling dataset. Pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. The protein-protein interaction network was established using the string online database in order to identify hub genes. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to screen prognostic DEGs and to construct a prognostic signature. Survival analysis based on the prognostic signature was performed on TCGA EC dataset. A total of 255 common DEGs were found and 11 hub genes (TOP2A, CDK1, CCNB1, CCNB2, AURKA, PCNA, CCNA2, BIRC5, NDC80, CDC20, and BUB1BA) that may be closely related to the pathogenesis of EC were identified. A panel of 7 DEG signatures consisting of PHLDA2, GGH, ESPL1, FAM184A, KIAA1644, ESPL1, and TRPM4 were constructed. The signature performed well for prognosis prediction (p < 0.001) and time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis displayed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.797, 0.734, 0.729, and 0.647 for 1, 3, 5, and 10-year overall survival (OS) prediction, respectively. Conclusion This study identified potential genes that may be involved in the pathophysiology of EC and constructed a novel gene expression signature for EC risk stratification and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hongying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
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11
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Li Y, Song X, Liu Z, Li Q, Huang M, Su B, Mao Y, Wang Y, Mo W, Chen H. Upregulation of miR-214 Induced Radioresistance of Osteosarcoma by Targeting PHLDA2 via PI3K/Akt Signaling. Front Oncol 2019; 9:298. [PMID: 31058093 PMCID: PMC6482205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor with high resistance to radiotherapy. Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2) displays low expression in human osteosarcoma as a proapoptosis factor. miRNAs have been shown to be important in modulating translation and therapeutic responsiveness in solid tumors. Herein, we used luciferase assay to show that miR-214 downregulates the PHLDA2 expression by targeting its 3′-untranslated region (UTR). A high level of miR-214 was identified in tumor tissues from 30 osteosarcoma patients via qPCR analysis, associated positively with lung metastasis. Ectopic expression miR-214 enhanced radioresistance in osteosarcoma cells, with decreased IR-induced apoptosis. Moreover, the depletion of miR-214 enhanced radiosensitivity in both osteosarcoma cells and mouse xenograft models. Importantly, we showed that miR-214 regulated the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway by inhibiting PHLDA2. Finally, the introduction of PHLDA2 cDNA lacking the 3′-UTR or treatment with Akt inhibitor LY294002 partially abrogated miR-214-induced radioresistance. In summary, our results reveal that the upregulation of miR-214 as a frequent event in osteosarcoma contributes to radioresistance by regulating the PHLDA2/Akt pathway. The miR-214/PHLDA2/Akt axis provides a new avenue toward understanding the mechanism of radiosensitivity and may be a potential target for osteosarcoma intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Xinmao Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zegang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Qiutian Li
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Yuchi Mao
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Wenqian Mo
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
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12
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Reversine induces caspase-dependent apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells through extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:657-665. [PMID: 30953339 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine (reversine) acts as a chemopreventive agent and induces apoptotic cell death in various cancer cells. However, the anticancer effects of reversine on osteosarcoma cells are not clearly established. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of reversine on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. METHODS Cell viability assay, histological analysis, DAPI staining, caspase activation analysis, flow cytometric analysis and immunoblotting were carried out in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. RESULTS Reversine inhibited the growth of cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced nuclear condensation and fragmentation. Reversine-treated cells showed caspase-3/7 activation and increased apoptosis versus control cells. FasL, a death ligand associated with extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways, was significantly up-regulated by reversine treatment. Moreover, the caspase-8, a part of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, was activated by reversine treatments. Expressions of anti-apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, components of the mitochondria dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway, significantly decreased following reversine treatment. The expressions of pro-apoptotic factors such as BAX, BAD and caspase-9 increased by reversine treatments. In addition, reversine activated caspase-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) to induce cell death. The Z-VAD-fmk significantly inhibited cell death through the suppression of caspase-3 expression in MG-63 cells treated with reversine. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the reversine may inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptotic cell death in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells through both the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway and the death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway, and may have potential properties for the discovery of anti-cancer agents.
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13
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Zhao GS, Gao ZR, Zhang Q, Tang XF, Lv YF, Zhang ZS, Zhang Y, Tan QL, Peng DB, Jiang DM, Guo QN. TSSC3 promotes autophagy via inactivating the Src-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis in osteosarcoma, and predicts a favorable prognosis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:188. [PMID: 30092789 PMCID: PMC6085607 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last two or three decades, the pace of development of treatments for osteosarcoma tends has been slow. Novel effective therapies for osteosarcoma are still lacking. Previously, we reported that tumor-suppressing STF cDNA 3 (TSSC3) functions as an imprinted tumor suppressor gene in osteosarcoma; however, the underlying mechanism by which TSSC3 suppresses the tumorigenesis and metastasis remain unclear. METHODS We investigated the dynamic expression patterns of TSSC3 and autophagy-related proteins (autophagy related 5 (ATG5) and P62) in 33 human benign bone tumors and 58 osteosarcoma tissues using immunohistochemistry. We further investigated the correlations between TSSC3 and autophagy in osteosarcoma using western blotting and transmission electronic microscopy. CCK-8, Edu, and clone formation assays; wound healing and Transwell assays; PCR; immunohistochemistry; immunofluorescence; and western blotting were used to investigated the responses in TSSC3-overexpressing osteosarcoma cell lines, and in xenografts and metastasis in vivo models, with or without autophagy deficiency caused by chloroquine or ATG5 silencing. RESULTS We found that ATG5 expression correlated positively with TSSC3 expression in human osteosarcoma tissues. We demonstrated that TSSC3 was an independent prognostic marker for overall survival in osteosarcoma, and positive ATG5 expression associated with positive TSSC3 expression suggested a favorable prognosis for patients. Then, we showed that TSSC3 overexpression enhanced autophagy via inactivating the Src-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in osteosarcoma. Further results suggested autophagy contributed to TSSC3-induced suppression of tumorigenesis and metastasis in osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted, for the first time, the importance of autophagy as an underlying mechanism in TSSC3-induced antitumor effects in osteosarcoma. We also revealed that TSSC3-associated positive ATG5 expression might be a potential predictor of favorable prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-sheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
- Bone and Trauma Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-ran Gao
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang-fan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-si Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-lin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-bin Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dian-ming Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
- Bone and Trauma Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Zou Y, Yang J, Wu J, Luo C, Huang Y. miR-133b induces chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin treatment by promoting cell death, migration and invasion. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1097-1102. [PMID: 29399170 PMCID: PMC5772689 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma, the effectiveness of cisplatin is considered to be due to its unique properties, which allow it to penetrate the cell membrane and form various DNA-platinum adducts, resulting in genetic alterations or DNA damage. However, chemoresistance to cisplatin remains a major challenge for its use and chemotherapeutic effects. In the present study, an isogenic model of a cisplatin resistant osteosarcoma cell line, MG63-DDP, was generated from the original MG63 cell line. The expression level of microRNA (miR)-133b in the MG63-DDP cisplatin-resistant osteosarcoma cell line was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cisplatin-DNA adduct formation, cell death (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester/propidium iodide staining) and clonogenic survival assays (crystal violet staining) were performed, comparing various cell types. The effect of miR-133b on migration (scratch wound assay) and invasion (Transwell assay) was also evaluated. Characterization studies have previously revealed an increased level of miR-133b in MG63-DDP cells compared with normal MG63 cells. Upregulation of miR-133b was associated with the accumulation of cisplatin-DNA adducts and an increase in cisplatin-induced cell death. Furthermore, increased miR-133b expression levels enhanced the migration and invasion of MG63 cells under cisplatin stress. Concordantly, in MG63-DDP cells the neutralization of miR-133b demonstrated opposite effects, as compared with the upregulation of miR-133b. To the best of our knowledge, the present study demonstrated for the first time that cisplatin-resistant MG63 cells exhibit an increased level of miR-133b expression. The endogenous expression level of miR-133b is sufficient for inducing cisplatin resistance, which suggests that miR-133b may be a biomarker for cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggen Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jiexiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanshuai Huang
- Department of Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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15
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Choi DW, Kim DK, Kanai Y, Wempe MF, Endou H, Kim JK. JPH203, a selective L-type amino acid transporter 1 inhibitor, induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:599-607. [PMID: 29200902 PMCID: PMC5709476 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.6.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most normal cells express L-type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2). However, L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in many tumor cells and presumed to support their increased growth and proliferation. This study examined the effects of JPH203, a selective LAT1 inhibitor, on cell growth and its mechanism for cell death in Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells. FOB human osteoblastic cells and Saos2 cells expressed LAT1 and LAT2 together with their associating protein 4F2 heavy chain, but the expression of LAT2 in the Saos2 cells was especially weak. JPH203 and BCH, a non-selective L-type amino acid transporter inhibitor, potently inhibited L-leucine uptake in Saos2 cells. As expected, the intrinsic ability of JPH203 to inhibit L-leucine uptake was far more efficient than that of BCH in Saos2 cells. Likewise, JPH203 and BCH inhibited Saos2 cell growth with JPH203 being superior to BCH in this regard. Furthermore, JPH203 increased apoptosis rates and formed DNA ladder in Saos2 cells. Moreover, JPH203 activated the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway by upregulating pro-apoptotic factors, such as Bad, Bax, and Bak, and the active form of caspase-9, and downregulating anti-apoptotic factors, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These results suggest that the inhibition of LAT1 activity via JPH203, which may act as a potential novel anti-cancer agent, leads to apoptosis mediated by the mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by inducing the intracellular depletion of neutral amino acids essential for cell growth in Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Hitoshi Endou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.,J-Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0046, Japan
| | - Jong-Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
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16
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Yan GN, Tang XF, Zhang XC, He T, Huang YS, Zhang X, Meng G, Guo DY, Lv YF, Guo QN. TSSC3 represses self-renewal of osteosarcoma stem cells and Nanog expression by inhibiting the Src/Akt pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85628-85641. [PMID: 29156746 PMCID: PMC5689636 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in children and young adults. Osteosarcoma stem cells are essential for osteosarcoma initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance and recurrence. In the present study, we report that: 1) higher TSSC3 expression indicates a better prognosis for osteosarcoma patients, and; 2) overexpression of TSSC3 significantly decreases sphere-forming capacity, tumor initiation, stemness-related surface markers and Nanog expression in osteosarcoma cells. We also discovered that higher Nanog expression correlates to a worse prognosis for osteosarcoma patients, and overexpression of Nanog increases the stem-related phenotype in osteosarcoma cells. Knockdown of Nanog suppresses these phenotypes. Inhibition of Nanog expression and self-renewal of osteosarcoma cells by TSSC3 overexpression appears to be mediated through inactivation of the Src/Akt pathway. In the clinical setting, expression of TSSC3, p-Src and Nanog is associated with recurrence, metastasis and surgical intervention. Lower TSSC3 expression, higher Nanog expression or higher p-Src expression indicate a poor prognosis for osteosarcoma patients. Overall, our study demonstrates that TSSC3 inhibits the stem-like phenotype and Nanog expression by inactivation of the Src/Akt pathway; this emphasizes the importance of Nanog in osteosarcoma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ning Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xian-Chao Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yu-Sheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - De-Yu Guo
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yang-Fan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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17
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Dai H, Lv YF, Yan GN, Meng G, Zhang X, Guo QN. RanBP9/TSSC3 complex cooperates to suppress anoikis resistance and metastasis via inhibiting Src-mediated Akt signaling in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2572. [PMID: 28032865 PMCID: PMC5261021 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of anoikis is a prerequisite for tumor cell metastasis, which is correlated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. We characterized a novel interaction between RanBP9 SPRY domain and TSSC3 PH domain by which RanBP9/TSSC3 complex exerts transcription and post-translation regulation in osteosarcoma. RanBP9/TSSC3 complex was inversely correlated with a highly anoikis-resistant phenotype in osteosarcoma cells and metastasis in human osteosarcoma. RanBP9 cooperated with TSSC3 to inhibit anchorage-independent growth and to promote anoikis in vitro and suppress lung metastasis in vivo. Moreover, RanBP9 SPRY domain was required for RanBP9/TSSC3 complex-mediated anoikis resistance. Mechanistically, RanBP9 formed a ternary complex with TSSC3 and Src to scaffold this interaction, which suppressed both Src and Src-dependent Akt pathway activations and facilitated mitochondrial-associated anoikis. Collectively, the newly identified RanBP9/TSSC3 complex cooperatively suppress metastasis via downregulation of Src-dependent Akt pathway to expedite mitochondrial-associated anoikis. This study provides a biological basis for exploring the therapeutic significance of dual targeting of RanBP9 and TSSC3 in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzi Dai
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Fan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ning Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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18
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He QY, Wang GC, Zhang H, Tong DK, Ding C, Liu K, Ji F, Zhu X, Yang S. miR-106a-5p Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells by Targeting HMGA2. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:506-20. [PMID: 27383537 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate the effect of miR-106a-5p on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma (OS) cells by targeting high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2). Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used for detecting the expressions of miR-106-5p and HMGA2 in 137 OS and adjacent normal bone tissues. Immunohistochemistry was applied for the HMGA2 protein expression detection. Luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted for verifying whether miR-106-5p targeted HMGA2. MG63 and U2SO cells were respectively divided into five groups: Blank, miR-106a-5p, scramble, HMGA2-siRNA, and miR-106a-5p+HMGA2 groups. RT-qPCR and western blot were applied for detecting the expressions of miR-106a-5p and HMGA2 in five groups. Proliferation rate, cell cycle, invasion, and migration ability of OS cells were detected using methyl thiazolyl-tetrazolium, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (Edu) assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, OS tissues presented with decreased miR-106a-5p expressions, elevated HMGA2 mRNA, and positive expressions (all p < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of miR-106a-5p were 97.8%, 93.43%, and HMGA2 mRNA were 97.8%, 99.27%, separately. miR-106a-5p and HMGA2 expressions were associated with tumor size, Enneking stage, distant metastasis, and lung metastasis. Expressions of HMGA2 in OS cells in miR-106a-5p and HMGA2 siRNA groups were both significantly decreased with the same downregulation level, and the proliferation rates in both groups were obviously slowed down after 48 h (both p < 0.001). Edu positive cells, S phase cells (majority of cells blocked at G0/G1 phase), migratory and invasive cells were obviously decreased (all p < 0.05). Downregulation of miR-106a-5p was found in OS tissues, and upregulation of miR-106a-5p can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting HMGA2 in OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yun He
- 1 Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Chao Wang
- 1 Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- 1 Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Ke Tong
- 1 Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Ding
- 1 Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Liu
- 1 Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ji
- 1 Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbai Zhu
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwu Yang
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wang X, He H, Zhang K, Peng W. The expression of TSSC3 and its prognostic value in patients with osteosarcoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 79:23-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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20
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Jin F, Qiao C, Luan N, Li H. Lentivirus-mediated PHLDA2 overexpression inhibits trophoblast proliferation, migration and invasion, and induces apoptosis. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:949-57. [PMID: 26935516 PMCID: PMC4790661 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate trophoblast invasion and increased trophoblast apoptosis cause serious pregnancy complications. Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 2 (PHLDA2) has been linked to fetal size at birth and growth restriction in a number of studies. However, the impact of PHLDA2 on trophoblast function had not been studied previously, to the best of our knowledge. In the present study, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that primary trophoblasts isolated from placental villous tissues were positive for cytokeratin 18 (CK18), vimentin and human placental lactogen (hPL). JEG-3 cells and primary trophoblasts were infected with lentivirus overexpressing PHLDA2. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis detected high levels of PHLDA2. A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that PHLDA2 overexpression inhibited trophoblast proliferation. In addition, PHLDA2 significantly induced apoptosis, as evidenced by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst staining, along with activation of Bax and caspase-3 and also decreased Bcl-2 expression. Further investigation showed that PHLDA2 effectively induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caused cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. PHLDA2 likely induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Wound healing and Transwell assays indicated that PHLDA2 overexpression efficiently suppressed cell migration and invasion. These data suggest that PHLDA2 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of pregnancy complications by promoting trophoblast apoptosis and suppressing cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Luan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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21
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Lv YF, Dai H, Yan GN, Meng G, Zhang X, Guo QN. Downregulation of tumor suppressing STF cDNA 3 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis of osteosarcoma by the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin/Snail signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:164-73. [PMID: 26845447 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has received considerable attention as a conceptual paradigm for explaining the invasive and metastatic behavior of cells during cancer progression. Our previous study showed that loss of expression of TSSC3 is positively associated with osteosarcoma malignancy and progression. However, whether TSSC3 mediates EMT in osteosarcoma is poorly understood. In the present study, we determined that TSSC3 downregulation induced cell migration and invasion ability and promoted mesenchymal transition of osteosarcoma cells by upregulating mesenchymal markers and inhibiting the epithelial markers. Furthermore, TSSC3 downregulation elicited a signaling cascade that included increased levels of Wnt3a and LRP5, inactivation of GSK-3β, accumulation of nuclear β-catenin and Snail, the augmented binding of β-catenin to TCF-4, and accordingly increased the expression of Wnt target genes (CD44, MMP7). The gene knockdown of these signaling proteins could inhibit TSSC3 downregulation-promoted EMT, migration, and invasion in osteosarcoma. Finally, TSSC3 overexpression obviously inhibited cell migration, invasion, and repressed mesenchymal phenotypes, reducing lung metastasis through GSK-3β activation. Collectively, TSSC3 downregulation promotes the EMT of osteosarcoma cells by regulating EMT markers via a signal transduction pathway that involves Snail, Wnt-β-catenin/TCF, and GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-fan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Huanzi Dai
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Guang-ning Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiao-nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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Yan GN, Lv YF, Guo QN. Advances in osteosarcoma stem cell research and opportunities for novel therapeutic targets. Cancer Lett 2016; 370:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jin F, Qiao C, Luan N, Shang T. The expression of the imprinted gene pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 in placental tissues of preeclampsia and its effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of trophoblast cells JEG-3. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26218012 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Nannan Luan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Tao Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
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Lv YF, Yan GN, Meng G, Zhang X, Guo QN. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 silencing inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in osteosarcoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12999. [PMID: 26265454 PMCID: PMC4533017 DOI: 10.1038/srep12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) methyltransferase is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which acts as a transcription repressor via the trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3). EZH2 has been recognised as an oncogene in several types of tumors; however, its role in osteosarcoma has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we show that EZH2 silencing inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in osteosarcoma by facilitating re-expression of the imprinting gene tumor-suppressing STF cDNA 3 (TSSC3). Our previous study showed that TSSC3 acts as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma. In this study, we found that EZH2 was abnormally elevated in osteosarcoma, and its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in osteosarcoma. Silencing of EZH2 resulted in tumor growth inhibition, apoptosis and chemosensitivity enhancement. Moreover, suppression of EZH2 markedly inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, EZH2 knockdown facilitated the re-expression of TSSC3 by reducing H3K27me3 in the promoter region. Cotransfection with siEZH2 and siTSSC3 could partially reverse the ability of siEZH2 alone. We have demonstrated that EZH2 plays a crucial role in tumor growth and distant metastasis in osteosarcoma; its oncogenic role is related to its regulation of the expression of TSSC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Fan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ning Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Li G, Koul S, Ohki R, Maurer M, Borczuk A, Halmos B. PHLDA2 is a key oncogene-induced negative feedback inhibitor of EGFR/ErbB2 signaling via interference with AKT signaling. Oncotarget 2015; 9:24914-24926. [PMID: 29861842 PMCID: PMC5982771 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2) is located within the tumor suppressor region of 11p15, and its expression is suppressed in several malignant tumor types. We recently identified PHLDA2 as a robustly induced, novel downstream target of oncogenic EGFR/ErbB2 signaling. In an immunohistochemical study, we find that PHLDA2 protein expression correlates positively with AKT activation in human lung cancers corroborating our data that PHLDA2 is induced upon oncogenic activation and might serve as a biomarker for AKT pathway activation. We show that PHLDA2 overexpression inhibits AKT phosphorylation while decreased PHLDA2 expression increases AKT activity. We further find that PHLDA2 competes with the PH domain of AKT for binding of membrane lipids, thereby directly inhibiting AKT translocation to the cellular membrane and subsequent activation. Indeed, PHLDA2 overexpression suppresses anchorage-independent cell growth and decreased PHLDA2 expression results in increased cell proliferation and reduced sensitivity to targeted agents of EGFR/ErbB2-driven cancers demonstrating functional relevance for this interaction. In summary, our studies demonstrate that PHLDA2 is strongly regulated by EGFR/ErbB2 signaling and inhibits cell proliferation via repressing AKT activation in lung cancers in a negative feedback loop. We highlight a novel action for PHLDA2 as a potential biomarker for AKT pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals of Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sanjay Koul
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rieko Ohki
- Radiobiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew Maurer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Hypoxia influences expression profile of Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 2 in Indian catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758): a new candidate gene for hypoxia tolerance in fish. J Biosci 2015; 39:433-42. [PMID: 24845507 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several physiologically important genes were found to be regulated by hypoxia at the transcriptional level. The Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 2 (PHLDA2) gene was previously identified as an imprinted gene. The present study was aimed to determine the structure of complete cDNA and the deduced protein of PHLDA2 along with analysing the changes in its mRNA expression in Clarias batrachus tissues under hypoxic conditions. The complete cDNA of CbPHLDA2 gene consisted of 1009 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 417 nucleotides. The deduced CbPHLDA2 protein of 139 amino acids shared high homology with PHLD2A of other fishes as well as that of vertebrates. Importantly, a single amino acid (asparagine/lysine) insertion was identified in the PH domain of CbPHLDA2 and other fishes, which was absent in other vertebrates studied. Furthermore, under normoxic conditions, CbPHLDA2 was constitutively expressed with varying levels in analysed tissues. Short- and long-term hypoxia exposure resulted in significant changes in the expression of CbPHLDA2 in liver, spleen, head kidney, brain and muscle in a time-dependent manner. The results suggested that CbPHLDA2 might play an important role for adaptive significance under hypoxia.
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Yang SJ, Lee SA, Park MG, Kim JS, Yu SK, Kim CS, Kim JS, Kim SG, Oh JS, Kim HJ, Chun HS, Kim YH, Kim DK. Induction of apoptosis by diphenyldifluoroketone in osteogenic sarcoma cells is associated with activation of caspases. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2286-92. [PMID: 24604218 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effects of diferuloylmethane (curcumin) and diphenyldifluoroketone (EF-24) on cell growth and apoptosis induction in human osteogenic sarcoma cells. This was examined by MTT assay, nuclear DAPI staining, caspase-activation assay, flow cytometry analysis and immunoblotting in Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells. Curcumin and EF-24 inhibited the growth of Saos2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The apparent potency of EF-24 was more than 3-fold higher that of curcumin. Treatment with curcumin or EF-24 resulted in nuclear condensation and fragmentation in the cells. The caspase-3/-7 activities were detected in living cells treated with curcumin or EF-24. Flow cytometry showed that the rate of apoptosis was increased by curcumin and EF-24 compared to the control. Curcumin and EF-24 promoted the proteolytic cleavages of procaspase-3/-7/-8/-9 with increases in the amount of cleaved caspase-3/-7/-8/-9. The curcumin- or EF-24-induced apoptosis in the Saos2 cells was mediated by the expression of Fas and activation of caspase-8, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Immunoblotting revealed the Bid and Bcl-2 proteins to be downregulated, and truncated-Bid, Bax and p53 proteins to be upregulated by curcumin and EF-24. Curcumin and EF-24 increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio significantly. These results suggest that the curcumin and EF-24 inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptotic cell death in Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells via both the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway and the death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway, and may have potential properties for anti-osteosarcoma drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jin Yang
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ah Lee
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyeong Park
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Yu
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Sung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Gwan Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Oh
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Joong Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sung Chun
- Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Gyeonggi-do 431-810, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-75, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Huang Y, Lv Y, Meng G, Guo QN. Epigenetic regulation of the pro-apoptosis gene TSSC3 in human osteosarcoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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MACC1 is involved in the regulation of proliferation, colony formation, invasion ability, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and tumorigenicity by altering Akt signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2537-48. [PMID: 24163085 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) plays pivotal roles in development and progression of many tumors, particularly in osteosarcoma (OS). However, its precise roles and molecular mechanisms remain to be delineated in OS. In the current study, we found that the levels of MACC1 mRNA and protein in four OS cell lines (MG-63, HOS, SaOS-2 and U2OS) were significantly higher than that in hFOB1.19 osteoblast (P < 0.05). The vector pcDNA-MACC1 contributed to the increase of MACC1 level in MG-63 cells, whereas MACC1 siRNA evoked the decrease of MACC1 level in U2OS cells. In addition, MACC1 downregualtion caused the inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro, colony formation, invasion and tumor growth in vivo, arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase and induced cell apoptosis in U2OS cells, and reversed effects were observed in MG-63 cells by MACC1 upregulation. Most notably, MACC1 depletion markedly inactivated Akt signaling pathway in U2OS cells, conversely, MACC1 upregulation evidently activated Akt signaling pathway in MG-63 cells. Collectively, our data presented herein suggest that biological implications triggered by MACC1 may be tightly associated with the status of Akt signaling pathway in OS.
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30
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Yoshii Y, Furukawa T, Oyama N, Hasegawa Y, Kiyono Y, Nishii R, Waki A, Tsuji AB, Sogawa C, Wakizaka H, Fukumura T, Yoshii H, Fujibayashi Y, Lewis JS, Saga T. Fatty acid synthase is a key target in multiple essential tumor functions of prostate cancer: uptake of radiolabeled acetate as a predictor of the targeted therapy outcome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64570. [PMID: 23741342 PMCID: PMC3669310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression is elevated in several cancers, and this over-expression is associated with poor prognosis. Inhibitors of FASN, such as orlistat, reportedly show antitumor effects against cancers that over-express FASN, making FASN a promising therapeutic target. However, large variations in FASN expression levels in individual tumors have been observed, and methods to predict FASN-targeted therapy outcome before treatment are required to avoid unnecessary treatment. In addition, how FASN inhibition affects tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we showed the method to predict FASN-targeted therapy outcome using radiolabeled acetate uptake and presented mechanisms of FASN inhibition with human prostate cancer cell lines, to provide the treatment strategy of FASN-targeted therapy. We revealed that tumor uptake of radiolabeled acetate reflected the FASN expression levels and sensitivity to FASN-targeted therapy with orlistat in vitro and in vivo. FASN-targeted therapy was noticeably effective against tumors with high FASN expression, which was indicated by high acetate uptake. To examine mechanisms, we established FASN knockdown prostate cancer cells by transduction of short-hairpin RNA against FASN and investigated the characteristics by analyses on morphology and cell behavior and microarray-based gene expression profiling. FASN inhibition not only suppressed cell proliferation but prevented pseudopodia formation and suppressed cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. FASN inhibition also suppressed genes involved in production of intracellular second messenger arachidonic acid and androgen hormones, both of which promote tumor progression. Collectively, our data demonstrated that uptake of radiolabeled acetate is a useful predictor of FASN-targeted therapy outcome. This suggests that [1-(11)C]acetate positron emission tomography (PET) could be a powerful tool to accomplish personalized FASN-targeted therapy by non-invasive visualization of tumor acetate uptake and selection of responsive tumors. FASN-targeted therapy could be an effective treatment to suppress multiple steps related to tumor progression in prostate cancers selected by [1-(11)C]acetate PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yoshii
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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Zhao G, Cai C, Yang T, Qiu X, Liao B, Li W, Ji Z, Zhao J, Zhao H, Guo M, Ma Q, Xiao C, Fan Q, Ma B. MicroRNA-221 induces cell survival and cisplatin resistance through PI3K/Akt pathway in human osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53906. [PMID: 23372675 PMCID: PMC3553141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are short regulatory RNAs that negatively modulate protein expression at a post-transcriptional and/or translational level and are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of several types of cancers. Specifically, microRNA-221 (miR-221) is overexpressed in many human cancers, wherein accumulating evidence indicates that it functions as an oncogene. However, the function of miR-221 in human osteosarcoma has not been totally elucidated. In the present study, the effects of miR-221 on osteosarcoma and the possible mechanism by which miR-221 affected the survival, apoptosis, and cisplatin resistance of osteosarcoma were investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed miR-221 was significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines than in osteoblasts. Both human osteosarcoma cell lines SOSP-9607 and MG63 were transfected with miR-221 mimic or inhibitor to regulate miR-221 expression. The effects of miR-221 were then assessed by cell viability, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay, and cisplatin resistance assay. In both cells, upregulation of miR-221 induced cell survival and cisplatin resistance and reduced cell apoptosis. In addition, knockdown of miR-221 inhibited cell growth and cisplatin resistance and induced cell apoptosis. Potential target genes of miR-221 were predicted using bioinformatics. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay and western blot confirmed that PTEN was a direct target of miR-221. Furthermore, introduction of PTEN cDNA lacking 3′-UTR or PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abrogated miR-221-induced cisplatin resistance. Finally, both miR-221 and PTEN expression levels in osteosarcoma samples were examined by using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. High miR-221 expression level and inverse correlation between miR-221 and PTEN levels were revealed in osteosarcoma tissues. Conclusions/Significance These results for the first time demonstrate that upregulation of miR-221 induces the malignant phenotype of human osteosarcoma whereas knockdown of miR-221 reverses this phenotype, suggesting that miR-221 could be a potential target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese PLA, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Two major environmental developments have occurred in mammalian evolution which have impacted on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of brain development. The first of these was viviparity and development of the placenta which placed a considerable burden of time and energy investment on the matriline, and which resulted in essential hypothalamic modifications. Maternal feeding, maternal care, parturition, milk letdown and the suspension of fertility and sexual behaviour are all determined by the maternal hypothalamus and have evolved to meet foetal needs under the influence of placental hormones. Viviparity itself provided a new environmental variable for selection pressures to operate via the co-existence over three generations of matrilineal genomes (mother, developing offspring and developing oocytes) in one individual. Also of importance for the matriline has been the evolution of epigenetic marks (imprint control regions) which are heritable and undergo reprogramming primarily in the oocyte to regulate imprinted gene expression according to parent of origin. Imprinting of autosomal genes has played a significant role in mammalian evolutionary development, particularly that of the hypothalamus and placenta. Indeed, many imprinted genes that are co-expressed in the placenta and hypothalamus play an important role in the co-adapted functioning of these organs. Thus the action and interaction of two genomes (maternal and foetal) have provided a template for transgenerational selection pressures to operate in shaping the mothering capabilities of each subsequent generation. The advanced aspects of neocortical brain evolution in primates have emancipated much of behaviour from the determining effects of hormonal action. Thus in large brain primates, most of the sexual behaviour is not reproductive hormone dependent and maternal care can and does occur outside the context of pregnancy and parturition. The neocortex has evolved to be adaptable and while the adapted changes are not inherited, the epigenetic predisposing processes can be. This provides each generation with the same ability to generate new adaptations while retaining a "cultural" predisposition to retain others. A significant evolutionary contribution to this epigenetic dimension has again been the matriline. The extensive neocortical development which takes place post-natally does so in an environment which is predominantly that of the caring guidance of the mother. Evidence for the epigenetic regulation of neocortical development is best illustrated by the GABA-ergic neurons and their long tangential migratory pathway from the ganglionic eminence, in contrast to the radial migration of principle neurons. GABA-ergic neurons play an integral role both in the developmental formation of canonical localised circuits and in synchronising widespread functional activity by the regulation of network oscillations. Such synchronisation enables distributed regions of the neocortex to coordinate firing. GABA-ergic dysfunction contributes to a broad spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders which can differ even across identical monozygotic twins. Moreover, major treatments for schizophrenia over the past 40 years have included the drugs lithium and valproate, both of which we now know are histone deacetylases. It is rarely the heritable dysfunctioning of these epigenetic mechanisms that is at fault, but the timing, duration and place where they are deployed. The timing and complexity in the development of the neocortex makes this region of the brain more vulnerable to perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Keverne
- Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge CB23 8AA, UK.
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Muff R, Ram Kumar RM, Botter SM, Born W, Fuchs B. Genes regulated in metastatic osteosarcoma: evaluation by microarray analysis in four human and two mouse cell line systems. Sarcoma 2012; 2012:937506. [PMID: 23213280 PMCID: PMC3504467 DOI: 10.1155/2012/937506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare bone neoplasm that affects mainly adolescents. It is associated with poor prognosis in case of metastases formation. The search for metastasis predicting markers is therefore imperative to optimize treatment strategies for patients at risk and important for the search of new drugs for the treatment of this devastating disease. Here, we have analyzed by microarray the differential gene expression in four human and two mouse OS cell line systems consisting of parental cell lines with low metastatic potential and derivatives thereof with increased metastatic potential. Using two osteoblastic cell line systems, the most common OS phenotype, we have identified forty-eight common genes that are differentially expressed in metastatic cell lines compared to parental cells. The identified subset of metastasis relevant genes in osteoblastic OS overlapped only minimally with differentially expressed genes in the other four preosteoblast or nonosteoblastic cell line systems. The results imply an OS phenotype specific expression pattern of metastasis regulating proteins and form a basis for further investigation of gene expression profiles in patients' samples combined with survival analysis with the aim to optimize treatment strategies to develop new drugs and to consequently improve the survival of patients with the most common form of osteoblastic OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Muff
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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TSSC3 overexpression reduces stemness and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma tumor-initiating cells. Apoptosis 2012; 17:749-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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