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Philipp LM, Yesilyurt UU, Surrow A, Künstner A, Mehdorn AS, Hauser C, Gundlach JP, Will O, Hoffmann P, Stahmer L, Franzenburg S, Knaack H, Schumacher U, Busch H, Sebens S. Epithelial and Mesenchymal-like Pancreatic Cancer Cells Exhibit Different Stem Cell Phenotypes Associated with Different Metastatic Propensities. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:686. [PMID: 38398077 PMCID: PMC10886860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is mostly diagnosed at advanced or even metastasized stages, limiting the prognoses of patients. Metastasis requires high tumor cell plasticity, implying phenotypic switching in response to changing environments. Here, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), being associated with an increase in cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, and its reversion are important. Since it is poorly understood whether different CSC phenotypes exist along the EMT axis and how these impact malignancy-associated properties, we aimed to characterize CSC populations of epithelial and mesenchymal-like PDAC cells. Single-cell cloning revealed CSC (Holoclone) and non-CSC (Paraclone) clones from the PDAC cell lines Panc1 and Panc89. The Panc1 Holoclone cells showed a mesenchymal-like phenotype, dominated by a high expression of the stemness marker Nestin, while the Panc89 Holoclone cells exhibited a SOX2-dominated epithelial phenotype. The Panc89 Holoclone cells showed enhanced cell growth and a self-renewal capacity but slow cluster-like invasion. Contrarily, the Panc1 Holoclone cells showed slower cell growth and self-renewal ability but were highly invasive. Moreover, cell variants differentially responded to chemotherapy. In vivo, the Panc1 and Panc89 cell variants significantly differed regarding the number and size of metastases, as well as organ manifestation, leading to different survival outcomes. Overall, these data support the existence of different CSC phenotypes along the EMT axis in PDAC, manifesting different metastatic propensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Philipp
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Umut-Ulas Yesilyurt
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Surrow
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Mehdorn
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center, Clinic of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Kiel University, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick Hoffmann
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lea Stahmer
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sören Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrike Knaack
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
- Academic Affairs Office, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
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Zhang LY, Shen ZX, Guo L. Inhibiting L1CAM Reverses Cisplatin Resistance of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Blocking AKT Signaling Pathway. Cancer Invest 2022; 40:313-324. [PMID: 35040385 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.2016801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DDP-resistant MDA-MB-231 cells (MDA-MB-231/DDP) cells had higher expression of L1CAM than their parental cells. L1CAM siRNA decreased the IC50 of MDA-MB-231/DDP cells to DDP. L1CAM inhibition down-regulated p-AKT/AKT in MDA-MB-231/DDP cells; meanwhile, it could promote MDA-MB-231/DDP cell apoptosis, inhibit cell EMT, invasion, and migration. Moreover, SC79 (an AKT activator) increased the DDP-resistance of MDA-MB-231/DDP cells, which was reversed by L1CAM inhibition. Furthermore, co-treatment of L1CAM shRNA and cisplatin injection had better anti-tumor effects in vivo than these two single treatments with decreased p-AKT/AKT. Thus, silencing L1CAM reversed the DDP resistance by inhibiting the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Shen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Wandmacher AM, Mehdorn AS, Sebens S. The Heterogeneity of the Tumor Microenvironment as Essential Determinant of Development, Progression and Therapy Response of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4932. [PMID: 34638420 PMCID: PMC8508450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is commonly diagnosed at advanced stages and most anti-cancer therapies have failed to substantially improve prognosis of PDAC patients. As a result, PDAC is still one of the deadliest tumors. Tumor heterogeneity, manifesting at multiple levels, provides a conclusive explanation for divergent survival times and therapy responses of PDAC patients. Besides tumor cell heterogeneity, PDAC is characterized by a pronounced inflammatory stroma comprising various non-neoplastic cells such as myofibroblasts, endothelial cells and different leukocyte populations which enrich in the tumor microenvironment (TME) during pancreatic tumorigenesis. Thus, the stromal compartment also displays a high temporal and spatial heterogeneity accounting for diverse effects on the development, progression and therapy responses of PDAC. Adding to this heterogeneity and the impact of the TME, the microbiome of PDAC patients is considerably altered. Understanding this multi-level heterogeneity and considering it for the development of novel therapeutic concepts might finally improve the dismal situation of PDAC patients. Here, we outline the current knowledge on PDAC cell heterogeneity focusing on different stromal cell populations and outline their impact on PDAC progression and therapy resistance. Based on this information, we propose some novel concepts for treatment of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Maxi Wandmacher
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Anne-Sophie Mehdorn
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30 Entrance 1, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Fukushima T, Ueda T, Hirato J, Kataoka H. RELA fusion-positive ependymoma accompanied by extensive desmoplasia: a case report. Brain Tumor Pathol 2020; 37:159-164. [PMID: 32754892 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-020-00376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of 33-year-old Japanese male who presented with a headache and visual disturbances. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large tumor in the left frontal lobe, measuring 7 cm in diameter, which was diagnosed as supratentorial anaplastic ependymoma accompanied by extensive desmoplasia. The patient underwent a gross total resection. Histologically, the tumor cells had oval or short, spindle-shaped nuclei, and proliferating cells in perivascular pseudorosettes with anucleate zones and mitotic figures. Desmoplasia with abundant collagen fibers among the tumor cells was detected at numerous sites, and perinuclear dot- or ring-like immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen was identified. Five years and six months after the initial procedure, a small recurrent tumor was identified at the removal site. The patient underwent a second total resection. The histology of the resected tumor showed decreased collagen production and more apparent anaplastic features as compared to those of the initial tumor. In addition to the histological findings, molecular examinations revealed ependymoma, RELA fusion positive. Although not commonly observed, this case suggests that desmoplasia could be associated with ependymomas, including RELA fusion-positive variant. Moreover, our findings indicate that high-grade ependymoma requires careful, long-term follow-up even if gross total resection is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
| | | | - Junko Hirato
- Department of Pathology, Public Tomioka General Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
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Altevogt P, Ben-Ze'ev A, Gavert N, Schumacher U, Schäfer H, Sebens S. Recent insights into the role of L1CAM in cancer initiation and progression. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:3292-3296. [PMID: 32588424 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
First described as a neuronal cell adhesion molecule, L1CAM was later identified to be present at increased levels in primary tumors and metastases of various types of cancer. Here, we describe the multifaceted roles of L1CAM that are involved in diverse fundamental steps during tumor initiation and progression, as well as in chemoresistance. Recently, Ganesh et al reported that L1CAM identifies metastasis-initiating cells in colorectal carcinoma exhibiting stem-like cell features, increased tumorigenic potential and enhanced chemoresistance. In this review, we highlight recent advances in L1CAM research with particular emphasis on its role in de-differentiation processes and cancer cell stemness supporting the view that L1CAM is a powerful prognostic factor and a suitable target for improved therapy of metastatic and drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Avri Ben-Ze'ev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nancy Gavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Chu LY, Peng YH, Yang T, Fang WK, Hong CQ, Huang LS, Xu LY, Li EM, Xu YW, Xie JJ. Circulating Levels of L1-cell Adhesion Molecule as a Serum Biomarker for Early Detection of Gastric Cancer and Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:5395-5402. [PMID: 32742486 PMCID: PMC7391208 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Low serum L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) has been found in several malignant tumors. Here, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential for serum L1CAM in patients with gastric cancers (GC) and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EJA). Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to detect L1CAM level in sera of 148 GC patients, 59 EJA patients and 148 healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was employed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. Results: The concentrations of serum L1CAM were significantly lower in GC and EJA than those in healthy controls (P<0.001). Detection of L1CAM provided a sensitivity of 83.1%, a specificity of 62.2%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.769 (95% CI: 0.715-0.823) in diagnosing GC, and a sensitivity of 66.1%, a specificity of 62.2%, and an AUC of 0.672 (95% CI: 0.590-0.755) in diagnosing EJA. Similar results were observed in the diagnosis of early-stage GC (0.681 (95%CI: 0.596-0.766)) and early-stage EJA (0.674 (95%CI: 0.528-0.820)). Analysis of clinical data showed that the levels of L1CAM were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in GC (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study showed that serum L1CAM might be a diagnostic biomarker for GC and EJA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wang-Kai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chao-Qun Hong
- Department of Oncological Laboratory Research, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Sheng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, China. E-mail addresses: (Jian-Jun Xie) or (Yi-Wei Xu)
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, China. E-mail addresses: (Jian-Jun Xie) or (Yi-Wei Xu)
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Zuo C, Hong Y, Qiu X, Yang D, Liu N, Sheng X, Zhou K, Tang B, Xiong S, Ma M, Liu Z. Celecoxib suppresses proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells by down-regulating STAT3 / NF-kB and L1CAM activities. Pancreatology 2018. [PMID: 29525378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanisms of celecoxib-induced pancreatic cancer suppression in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The anti-pancreatic cancer activities of celecoxib (0, 20, 60 and 100 μmol/L) were investigated by cell viability and migration of Panc-1 and Bxpc-3 cells in vitro. The expression of L1CAM in pancreatic cancer and adjacent tissues was compared using immunohistochemistry. The expressions of L1CAM, STAT3, p-STAT3, NF-κB, p-NF-κB were determined by western blotting, and cell invasive ability was determined by wound healing assay in L1CAM-silenced and over-expressed Panc-1and Bxpc-3 cells. RESULTS The expression of L1CAM in pancreatic carcinoma was stronger than that in the adjacent tissues and L1CAM could increase the growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Over-expression of L1CAM activated the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway in Panc-1 and Bxpc-3 pancreatic cancer cells and celecoxib inhibited their viability and the expressions of STAT3, p-STAT3, NF-κB, p-NF-κB as well as full length L1CAM in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS L1CAM was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissue and positively correlated with age, TNM staging and tumor differentiation. L1CAM activated the STAT/NF-κB signaling pathway and celecoxib could inhibit the activity of L1CAM, STAT3 and the NF-κB signaling pathway resulting in decreased growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Yuan Hong
- Graduates School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoxin Qiu
- Graduates School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Darong Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo / Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, No 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Nianli Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo / Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, No 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xinyi Sheng
- Graduates School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Kunyan Zhou
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Graduates School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shuhan Xiong
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, No 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
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Goebel L, Grage-Griebenow E, Gorys A, Helm O, Genrich G, Lenk L, Wesch D, Ungefroren H, Freitag-Wolf S, Sipos B, Röcken C, Schäfer H, Sebens S. CD4 + T cells potently induce epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in premalignant and malignant pancreatic ductal epithelial cells-novel implications of CD4 + T cells in pancreatic cancer development. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1000083. [PMID: 26137395 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.1000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a risk factor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and characterized by a pronounced desmoplastic reaction with CD4+ T cells accounting for the majority of the stromal T cell infiltrate. Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) is a critical process for metastasis by which epithelial/carcinoma cells become enabled to disseminate probably prior to tumor formation. To investigate whether CD4+ T cells induce EMT in human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, premalignant H6c7 cells were mono- or co-cultured with human CD4+CD25+CD127-CD49d- regulatory T cells (T-regs) or CD4+CD25- T-effector cells (T-effs) being isolated by negative magnetic bead separation from blood of healthy donors. Particularly in the presence of activated T-effs, H6c7 cells acquired a spindle-shaped morphology, reduced E-cadherin expression, and elevated expression of the mesenchymal proteins vimentin, L1CAM, and ZEB-1. This was accompanied by an increased invasive behavior. Moreover, activated T-effs exerted similar effects in the PDAC cell line T3M4. Blocking of TNF-α and IL-6 being released at greater amounts into supernatants during co-cultures with activated T-effs attenuated the EMT-associated alterations in H6c7 cells. Supporting these findings, EMT-associated alterations (exemplified by reduced E-cadherin expression and enhanced expression of vimentin and L1CAM) were predominantly detected in ductal epithelium of CP tissues surrounded by a dense stroma enriched with CD4+ T cells. Overall this study points to a novel role of CD4+ T cells beyond their immune function in pancreatic tumorigenesis and underscores the view that EMT induction in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells represents an early event in PDAC development being essentially promoted by inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Goebel
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis; Institute for Experimental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Evelin Grage-Griebenow
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis; Institute for Experimental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Artur Gorys
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis; Institute for Experimental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis; Institute for Experimental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Geeske Genrich
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis; Institute for Experimental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Lenk
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis; Institute for Experimental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology; Christian-Albrechts-University and UKSH Campus Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics; UKSH Campus Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology; University Hospital Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Heiner Schäfer
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Department of Internal Medicine I; UKSH Campus Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis; Institute for Experimental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
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9
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Sebens S, Schäfer H. How two sites of inflammation promote carcinogenesis: The role of macrophages in inflammation associated carcinogenesis. Oncoimmunology 2014; 1:951-953. [PMID: 23162768 PMCID: PMC3489756 DOI: 10.4161/onci.19949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that anti-inflammatory macrophages contribute to the initiation of colorectal carcinogenesis in IBD patients by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal-transition associated alterations in colonic epithelial cells. In this process, TGFβ1 dependent upregulation of the adhesion molecule L1CAM is one key event, paving the way to colitis associated tumorigenesis and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sebens
- Department of Inflammatory Carcinogenesis; Institute for Experimental Medicine; Kiel, Germany
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10
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Doberstein K, Harter PN, Haberkorn U, Bretz NP, Arnold B, Carretero R, Moldenhauer G, Mittelbronn M, Altevogt P. Antibody therapy to human L1CAM in a transgenic mouse model blocks local tumor growth but induces EMT. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E326-39. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Doberstein
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Niko P. Bretz
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Bernd Arnold
- Molecular Immunology, D050, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rafael Carretero
- Molecular Immunology, D050, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gerhard Moldenhauer
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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11
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Magrini E, Villa A, Angiolini F, Doni A, Mazzarol G, Rudini N, Maddaluno L, Komuta M, Topal B, Prenen H, Schachner M, Confalonieri S, Dejana E, Bianchi F, Mazzone M, Cavallaro U. Endothelial deficiency of L1 reduces tumor angiogenesis and promotes vessel normalization. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4335-50. [PMID: 25157817 DOI: 10.1172/jci70683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While tumor blood vessels share many characteristics with normal vasculature, they also exhibit morphological and functional aberrancies. For example, the neural adhesion molecule L1, which mediates neurite outgrowth, fasciculation, and pathfinding, is expressed on tumor vasculature. Here, using an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic carcinoma, we evaluated L1 functionality in cancer vessels. Tumor-bearing mice specifically lacking L1 in endothelial cells or treated with anti-L1 antibodies exhibited decreased angiogenesis and improved vascular stabilization, leading to reduced tumor growth and metastasis. In line with these dramatic effects of L1 on tumor vasculature, the ectopic expression of L1 in cultured endothelial cells (ECs) promoted phenotypical and functional alterations, including proliferation, migration, tubulogenesis, enhanced vascular permeability, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. L1 induced global changes in the EC transcriptome, altering several regulatory networks that underlie endothelial pathophysiology, including JAK/STAT-mediated pathways. In particular, L1 induced IL-6-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation, and inhibition of the IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling axis prevented L1-induced EC proliferation and migration. Evaluation of patient samples revealed that, compared with that in noncancerous tissue, L1 expression is specifically enhanced in blood vessels of human pancreatic carcinomas and in vessels of other tumor types. Together, these data indicate that endothelial L1 orchestrates multiple cancer vessel functions and represents a potential target for tumor vascular-specific therapies.
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12
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Helm O, Mennrich R, Petrick D, Goebel L, Freitag-Wolf S, Röder C, Kalthoff H, Röcken C, Sipos B, Kabelitz D, Schäfer H, Oberg HH, Wesch D, Sebens S. Comparative characterization of stroma cells and ductal epithelium in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94357. [PMID: 24797069 PMCID: PMC4010424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an extensive stroma being also present in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Using immunohistochemistry, the stroma of CP and PDAC was comprehensively analyzed and correlated with epithelial/carcinoma-related alterations and clinicopathological patient characteristics. While there were no significant differences between CP and PDAC regarding the distribution of CD3+ T cells and α-SMA+ fibroblasts, proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly lower and numbers of CD25+(CD4+) and FoxP3+(CD4+) regulatory T cells were greater in PDAC compared with CP. Macrophages were more prevalent in CP, but localized more closely to carcinoma cells in PDAC, as were γδ-T cells. Duct-related FoxP3 and L1CAM expression increased from CP to PDAC, while vimentin expression was similarly abundant in both diseases. Moreover, stromal and epithelial compartments of well-differentiated tumors and CPs shared considerable similarities, while moderately and poorly differentiated tumors significantly differed from CP tissues. Analysis of 27 parameters within each pancreatic disease revealed a significant correlation of i) CD4+ and FoxP3+CD4+ T cells with FoxP3 expression in PDAC cells, ii) α-SMA+ fibroblasts with L1CAM expression and proliferation in PDAC cells, iii) CD3 and CD8 expression with γδ-TCR expression in both pancreatic diseases and iv) CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages with vimentin expression in PDAC cells. High expression of FoxP3, vimentin and L1CAM in PDAC cells as well as a tumor-related localization of macrophages each tended to correlate with higher tumor grade. Multivariate survival analysis revealed a younger age at time of surgery as a positive prognostic marker for PDAC patients with the most frequently operated disease stage T3N1M0. Overall this study identified several interrelationships between stroma and epithelial/carcinoma cells in PDACs but also in CP, which in light of previous experimental data strongly support the view that the inflammatory stroma contributes to malignancy-associated alterations already in precursor cells during CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruben Mennrich
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Goebel
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Röder
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology; University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Heiner Schäfer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
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13
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Grage-Griebenow E, Jerg E, Gorys A, Wicklein D, Wesch D, Freitag-Wolf S, Goebel L, Vogel I, Becker T, Ebsen M, Röcken C, Altevogt P, Schumacher U, Schäfer H, Sebens S. L1CAM promotes enrichment of immunosuppressive T cells in human pancreatic cancer correlating with malignant progression. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:982-97. [PMID: 24746181 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (T-reg) enrichment in the tumor microenvironment is regarded as an important mechanism of tumor immune escape. Hence, the presence of T-regs in highly malignant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is correlated with short survival. Likewise, the adhesion molecule L1CAM is upregulated during PDAC progression in the pancreatic ductal epithelium also being associated with poor prognosis. To investigate whether L1CAM contributes to enrichment of T-regs in PDAC, human CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-)CD49d(-) T-regs and CD4(+)CD25(-) T-effector cells (T-effs) were isolated by magnetic bead separation from blood of healthy donors. Their phenotype and functional behavior were analyzed in dependence on human premalignant (H6c7) or malignant (Panc1) pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, either exhibiting or lacking L1CAM expression. T cells derived from blood and tumors of PDAC patients were analyzed by flow cytometry and findings were correlated with clinical parameters. Predominantly T-regs but not T-effs showed an increased migration on L1CAM expressing H6c7 and Panc1 cells. Whereas proliferation of T-regs did not change in the presence of L1CAM, T-effs proliferated less, exhibited a decreased CD25 expression and an increased expression of CD69. Moreover, these T-effs exhibited a regulatory phenotype as they inhibited proliferation of autologous T cells. Accordingly, CD4(+)CD25(-)CD69(+) T cells were highly abundant in PDAC tissues compared to blood being associated with nodal invasion and higher grading in PDAC patients. Overall, these data point to an important role of L1CAM in the enrichment of immunosuppressive T cells in particular of a CD4(+)CD25(-)CD69(+)-phenotype in PDAC providing a novel mechanism of tumor immune escape which contributes to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Grage-Griebenow
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Medicine, UKSH Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Elfi Jerg
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Medicine, UKSH Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Artur Gorys
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Medicine, UKSH Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Wicklein
- Institute for Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, UKE Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, UKSH Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, UKSH Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisa Goebel
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Medicine, UKSH Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ilka Vogel
- Department of Surgery, Community Hospital Kiel, Chemnitzstr. 33, 24116 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, UKSH Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 18, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Ebsen
- Institute of Pathology, Community Hospital Kiel, Chemnitzstr. 33, 24116 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Institute of Pathology, UKSH Campus Kiel, Arnol-Heller-Str. 3, Building 14, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Department of Translational Immunology D015, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute for Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, UKE Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH Campus Kiel; Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Medicine, UKSH Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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14
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Helm O, Held-Feindt J, Grage-Griebenow E, Reiling N, Ungefroren H, Vogel I, Krüger U, Becker T, Ebsen M, Röcken C, Kabelitz D, Schäfer H, Sebens S. Tumor-associated macrophages exhibit pro- and anti-inflammatory properties by which they impact on pancreatic tumorigenesis. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:843-61. [PMID: 24458546 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still ranking 4th in the order of fatal tumor diseases is characterized by a profound tumor stroma with high numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Driven by environmental factors, monocytes differentiate into M1- or M2-macrophages, the latter commonly regarded as being protumorigenic. Because a detailed analysis of TAMs in human PDAC development is still lacking, freshly isolated PDAC-derived TAMs were analyzed for their phenotype and impact on epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) of benign (H6c7) and malignant (Colo357) pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. TAMs exhibited characteristics of M1-macrophages (expression of HLA-DR, IL-1β, or TNF-α) and M2-macrophages (expression of CD163 and IL-10). In the presence of TAMs, H6c7, and Colo357 cells showed an elongated cell shape along with an increased expression of mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and reduced expression of epithelial E-cadherin. Similar to TAMs, in vitro generated M1- and M2-macrophages both mediated EMT in H6c7 and Colo357 cells. M1-macrophages acquired M2-characteristics during coculture that could be prevented by GM-CSF treatment. However, M1-macrophages still potently induced EMT in H6c7 and Colo357 cells although lacking M2-characteristics. Overall, these data demonstrate that TAMs exhibit anti- as well as proinflammatory properties that equally contribute to EMT induction in PDAC initiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, UK S-H Campus, Kiel, Germany
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15
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Weinspach D, Seubert B, Schaten S, Honert K, Sebens S, Altevogt P, Krüger A. Role of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) in the metastatic cascade: promotion of dissemination, colonization, and metastatic growth. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 31:87-100. [PMID: 24002299 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is frequently increased in cancer patients compared to healthy individuals and also linked with bad prognosis of solid tumours. Previously, we could show that full-length L1CAM promotes metastasis formation via up-regulation of gelatinolytic activity in fibrosarcoma. In this study, we aimed to extend this finding to haematogenous malignancies and carcinomas, and to specifically elucidate the impact of L1CAM on major steps of the metastatic cascade. In a well-established T-cell lymphoma spontaneous metastasis model, silencing of L1CAM significantly improved survival of the mice, while intradermal tumour growth remained unaltered. This correlated with significantly decreased spontaneous metastasis formation. L1CAM suppression abrogated the metastatic potential of T-cell lymphoma as well as carcinoma cells as demonstrated by reduced migration and invasion in vitro and reduced formation of experimental metastasis in vivo. At the molecular level, silencing of L1CAM led to reduced expression of gelatinases MMP-2 and -9 in vitro and decreased gelatinolytic activity in primary tumours and metastases in vivo. In accordance, knock down of L1CAM had similar suppressive effects on migration, invasion and in vivo-gelatinolytic activity as treatment with the specific gelatinase inhibitor SB-3CT. This newly discovered impact of L1CAM on distinct steps of the metastatic cascade and MMP activity highlights the potential of possible L1CAM-directed therapies to inhibit metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Weinspach
- Institute for Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
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16
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Zeimet AG, Reimer D, Huszar M, Winterhoff B, Puistola U, Abdel Azim S, Müller-Holzner E, Ben-Arie A, van Kempen LC, Petru E, Jahn S, Geels YP, Massuger LF, Amant F, Polterauer S, Lappi-Blanco E, Bulten J, Meuter A, Tanouye S, Oppelt P, Stroh-Weigert M, Reinthaller A, Mariani A, Hackl W, Netzer M, Schirmer U, Vergote I, Altevogt P, Marth C, Fogel M. L1CAM in Early-Stage Type I Endometrial Cancer: Results of a Large Multicenter Evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 105:1142-50. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Mehner C, Radisky DC. Triggering the landslide: The tumor-promotional effects of myofibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1657-62. [PMID: 23528452 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancers become significantly more dangerous when the tumor progresses from in situ, or contained, to an invasive state, in which the cancer cells acquire the ability to pass through the surrounding basement membrane (BM), a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides structure and contextual information to the underlying tissue. While the majority of tumors are carcinomas, derived from epithelial cells, it is the stromal cells surrounding the epithelial-derived tumor cells, including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, vasculature, and immune cells, that are largely responsible for the production and remodeling of the ECM. Here, we will discuss myofibroblasts as key effectors of tumor progression, focusing on recent advances in breast and pancreatic carcinoma, showing how myofibroblasts may function properly in normal tissue remodeling and wound-healing processes, how in the tumor context they can drive cancer invasion and metastasis, and how the pathogenic functions of myofibroblasts may be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mehner
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32225, United States.
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32225, United States.
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