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Choi J, Kim T, Cho EJ. HIRA vs. DAXX: the two axes shaping the histone H3.3 landscape. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:251-263. [PMID: 38297159 PMCID: PMC10907377 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
H3.3, the most common replacement variant for histone H3, has emerged as an important player in chromatin dynamics for controlling gene expression and genome integrity. While replicative variants H3.1 and H3.2 are primarily incorporated into nucleosomes during DNA synthesis, H3.3 is under the control of H3.3-specific histone chaperones for spatiotemporal incorporation throughout the cell cycle. Over the years, there has been progress in understanding the mechanisms by which H3.3 affects domain structure and function. Furthermore, H3.3 distribution and relative abundance profoundly impact cellular identity and plasticity during normal development and pathogenesis. Recurrent mutations in H3.3 and its chaperones have been identified in neoplastic transformation and developmental disorders, providing new insights into chromatin biology and disease. Here, we review recent findings emphasizing how two distinct histone chaperones, HIRA and DAXX, take part in the spatial and temporal distribution of H3.3 in different chromatin domains and ultimately achieve dynamic control of chromatin organization and function. Elucidating the H3.3 deposition pathways from the available histone pool will open new avenues for understanding the mechanisms by which H3.3 epigenetically regulates gene expression and its impact on cellular integrity and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Choi
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Pharmacy, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewan Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Pharmacy, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Pharmacy, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Gan S, Qu F, Zhang X, Pan X, Xu D, Cui X, Hou J. LRP5 competes for SPOP binding to enhance tumorigenesis mediated by Daxx and PD-L1 in prostate cancer. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113857. [PMID: 38008278 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors coordinate with environmental factors to drive the pathogenesis of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). SPOP is one of the most mutated genes and LRP5 mediates lipid metabolism that is abnormally altered in PRAD. Here, we investigated the potential cross-talk between SPOP and LRP5 in PRAD. We find a negative correlation between SPOP and LRP5 proteins in PRAD. SPOP knockdown increased LRP5 protein while SPOP overexpression resulted in LRP5 reduction that was fully rescued by proteasome inhibitors. LRP5 intracellular tail has SPOP binding site and the direct interaction between LRP5 and SPOP was confirmed by Co-IP and GST-pulldown. Moreover, LRP5 competed with Daxx for SPOP-mediated degradation, establishing a dynamic balance among SPOP, LRP5 and Daxx. Overexpression of LRP5 tail could shift this balance to enhance Daxx-mediated transcriptional inhibition, and inhibit T cell activity in a co-culture system. Further, we generated human and mouse prostate cancer cell lines expressing SPOP variants (F133V, A227V, R368H). SPOP-F133V and SPOP-A227V have specific effects in up-regulating the protein levels of PD-1 and PD-L1. Consistently, SPOP-F133V and SPOP-A227V show robust inhibitory effects on T cells compared to WT SPOP in co-culture. This is further supported by the mouse syngeneic model showing that SPOP-F133V and SPOP-A227V enhance tumorigenesis of prostate cancer in in-vivo condition. Taken together, our study provides evidence that SPOP-LRP5 crosstalk plays an essential role, and the genetic variants of SPOP differentially modulate the expression and activity of immune checkpoints in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sishun Gan
- Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Medical Center of Soochow University, PR China; Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fajun Qu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 201908, PR China
| | - Xiuwu Pan
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xingang Cui
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Medical Center of Soochow University, PR China.
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3
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Ding S, Wang H, Liao Y, Chen R, Hu Y, Wu H, Shen H, Tang S. HPV16 E7 protein antagonizes TNF-α-induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells via Daxx/JNK pathway. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106423. [PMID: 37871853 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein as an important viral factor was involved in the progression of cervical cancer by mediating the cellular signaling pathways. Daxx (Death domain-associated protein) can interact with a variety of proteins to affect the viral infection process. However, the interaction and its related function between HPV16 E7 and Daxx have not been adequately investigated. Here, it was found that HPV16 E7 can interact with Daxx in HeLa or C33A cells by co-immunoprecipitation. HPV16 E7 protein treatment can up-regulate Daxx protein expression, while the interference in Daxx expression and the agonists for JNK can both reduce the antagonistic effects of HPV16 E7 on TNF-α-induced apoptosis, suggesting that Daxx/JNK pathway may be involved in the anti-apoptotic activity of HPV16 E7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ding
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, University of South China / Hunan Provincial Veterans Administration Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hanmeng Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yaqi Liao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ranzhong Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongrong Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Haiyan Shen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuangyang Tang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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4
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Pergaris A, Genaris I, Stergiou IE, Klijanienko J, Papadakos SP, Theocharis S. The Clinical Impact of Death Domain-Associated Protein and Holliday Junction Recognition Protein Expression in Cancer: Unmasking the Driving Forces of Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5165. [PMID: 37958340 PMCID: PMC10650673 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Death domain-associated protein (DAXX) and Holliday junction recognition protein (HJURP) act as chaperones of H3 histone variants H3.3 and centromere protein A (CENPA), respectively, and are implicated in many physiological processes, including aging and epigenetic regulation, by controlling various genes' transcription and subsequently protein expression. Research has highlighted both these biomolecules as participants in key procedures of tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, chromosome instability, and oncogene expression. As cancer continues to exert a heavy impact on patients' well-being and bears substantial socioeconomic ramifications, the discovery of novel biomarkers for timely disease detection, estimation of prognosis, and therapy monitoring remains of utmost importance. In the present review, we present data reported from studies investigating DAXX and HJURP expression, either on mRNA or protein level, in human tissue samples from various types of neoplasia. Of note, the expression of DAXX and HJURP has been associated with a multitude of clinicopathological parameters, including disease stage, tumor grade, patients' overall and disease-free survival, as well as lymphovascular invasion. The data reveal the tumor-promoting properties of DAXX and HJURP in a number of organs as well as their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers and underline the important association between aberrations in their expression and patients' prognosis, rendering them as possible targets of future, personalized and precise therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (I.G.); (S.P.P.)
| | - Ioannis Genaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (I.G.); (S.P.P.)
| | - Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (I.G.); (S.P.P.)
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (I.G.); (S.P.P.)
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5
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Xian F, Zhao C, Huang C, Bie J, Xu G. The potential role of CDC20 in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and therapy: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35038. [PMID: 37682144 PMCID: PMC10489547 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is known to regulate the cell cycle. Many studies have suggested that dysregulation of CDC20 is associated with various pathological processes in malignant solid tumors, including tumorigenesis, progression, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and poor prognosis, providing a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Some researchers have demonstrated that CDC20 also regulates apoptosis, immune microenvironment, and tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we have systematically summarized the biological functions of CDC20 in solid cancers. Furthermore, we briefly synthesized multiple medicines that inhibited CDC20. We anticipate that CDC20 will be a promising and effective biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xian
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Caixia Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chun Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Bie
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Yurttas AG, Okat Z, Elgun T, Cifci KU, Sevim AM, Gul A. Genetic deviation associated with photodynamic therapy in HeLa cell. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103346. [PMID: 36809810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method that is used in cancer treatment. The main therapeutic effect is the production of singlet oxygen (1O2). Phthalocyanines for PDT produce high singlet oxygen with absorbers of about 600-700 nm. AIM It is aimed to analyze cancer cell pathways by flow cytometry analysis and cancer-related genes with q-PCR device by applying phthalocyanine L1ZnPC, which we use as photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy, in HELA cell line. In this study, we investigate the molecular basis of L1ZnPC's anti-cancer activity. MATERIAL METHOD The cytotoxic effects of L1ZnPC, a phthalocyanine obtained from our previous study, in HELA cells were evaluated and it was determined that it led to a high rate of death as a result. The result of photodynamic therapy was analyzed using q-PCR. From the data received at the conclusion of this investigation, gene expression values were calculated, and expression levels were assessed using the 2-∆∆Ct method to examine the relative changes in these values. Cell death pathways were interpreted with the FLOW cytometer device. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison Test with Post-hoc Test were used for the statistical analysis. CONCLUSION In our study, it was observed that HELA cancer cells underwent apoptosis at a rate of 80% with drug application plus photodynamic therapy by flow cytometry method. According to q-PCR results, CT values of eight out of eighty-four genes were found to be significant and their association with cancer was evaluated. L1ZnPC is a new phthalocyanine used in this study and our findings should be supported by further studies. For this reason, different analyses are needed to be performed with this drug in different cancer cell lines. In conclusion, according to our results, this drug looks promising but still needs to be analyzed through new studies. It is necessary to examine in detail which signaling pathways they use and their mechanism of action. For this, additional experiments are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Gok Yurttas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zehra Okat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Elgun
- Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ucar Cifci
- Division of Basic Sciences and Health, Hemp Research Institute, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Turkey
| | - Altug Mert Sevim
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Jeong SM, Bui QT, Kwak M, Lee JY, Lee PCW. Targeting Cdc20 for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Huang YS, Wu CC, Chang CC, Huang SF, Kuo HY, Shih HM. Reciprocal regulation of Daxx and PIK3CA promotes colorectal cancer cell growth. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:367. [PMID: 35718818 PMCID: PMC11072676 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of death-domain-associated protein (Daxx) is strongly associated with diverse cancer types. Among these, the clinicopathological significance and molecular mechanisms of Daxx overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Here, we showed that Daxx expression was increased in both clinical CRC samples and CRC cell lines. Daxx knockdown significantly reduced proliferation activity in CRC cells and tumor growth in a xenograft model. Further studies revealed that Daxx expression could be attenuated by either treatment with the PIK3CA inhibitor PIK-75 or PIK3CA depletion in CRC cells. Conversely, expression of PIK3CA constitutively active mutants could increase Daxx expression. These data suggest that PIK3CA positively regulates Daxx expression. Consistently, the expression levels of PIK3CA and Daxx were positively correlated in sporadic CRC samples. Interestingly, Daxx knockdown or overexpression yielded decreased or increased levels of PIK3CA, respectively, in CRC cells. We further demonstrated that Daxx activates the promoter activity and expression of PIK3CA. Altogether, our results identify a mechanistic pathway of Daxx overexpression in CRC and suggest a reciprocal regulation between Daxx and PIK3CA for CRC cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Sung Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Chieh Wu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Keelung Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Keelung, 20244, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chang Chang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Translational Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Feng Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ming Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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Bruno S, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Napolitano R, Soverini S, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. CDC20 in and out of mitosis: a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:159. [PMID: 35490245 PMCID: PMC9055704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is a well-known regulator of cell cycle, as it controls the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Many studies have focused on the biological role of CDC20 in cancer development, as alterations of its functionality have been linked to genomic instability and evidence demonstrated that high CDC20 expression levels are associated with poor overall survival in solid cancers. More recently, novel CDC20 functions have been demonstrated or suggested, including the regulation of apoptosis and stemness properties and a correlation with immune cell infiltration. Here, we here summarize and discuss the role of CDC20 inside and outside mitosis, starting from its network of interacting proteins. In the last years, CDC20 has also attracted more interest in the blood cancer field, being overexpressed and showing an association with prognosis both in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Preclinical findings showed that selective CDC20 and APC/CCDC20/APC/CCDH1 inhibitors, namely Apcin and proTAME, are effective against lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis and synergizing with clinically-relevant drugs. The evidence and hypothesis presented in this review provide the input for further biological and chemical studies aiming to dissect novel potential CDC20 roles and targeting strategies in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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Wen T, Chen QY. Dynamic Activity of Histone H3-Specific Chaperone Complexes in Oncogenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:806974. [PMID: 35087762 PMCID: PMC8786718 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.806974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical histone H3.1 and variant H3.3 deposit at different sites of the chromatin via distinct histone chaperones. Histone H3.1 relies on chaperone CAF-1 to mediate replication-dependent nucleosome assembly during S-phase, while H3.3 variant is regulated and incorporated into the chromatin in a replication-independent manner through HIRA and DAXX/ATRX. Current literature suggests that dysregulated expression of histone chaperones may be implicated in tumor progression. Notably, ectopic expression of CAF-1 can promote a switch between canonical H3.1 and H3 variants in the chromatin, impair the chromatic state, lead to chromosome instability, and impact gene transcription, potentially contributing to carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the chaperone proteins of H3.1 and H3.3, including structure, regulation, as well as their oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease characterized by loss of cellular homeostasis through genetic and epigenetic alterations. Emerging evidence highlights a role for histone variants and their dedicated chaperones in cancer initiation and progression. Histone variants are involved in processes as diverse as maintenance of genome integrity, nuclear architecture and cell identity. On a molecular level, histone variants add a layer of complexity to the dynamic regulation of transcription, DNA replication and repair, and mitotic chromosome segregation. Because these functions are critical to ensure normal proliferation and maintenance of cellular fate, cancer cells are defined by their capacity to subvert them. Hijacking histone variants and their chaperones is emerging as a common means to disrupt homeostasis across a wide range of cancers, particularly solid tumours. Here we discuss histone variants and histone chaperones as tumour-promoting or tumour-suppressive players in the pathogenesis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Filipescu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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VanGenderen C, Harkness TAA, Arnason TG. The role of Anaphase Promoting Complex activation, inhibition and substrates in cancer development and progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15818-15855. [PMID: 32805721 PMCID: PMC7467358 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, facilitates mitotic and G1 progression, and is now recognized to play a role in maintaining genomic stability. Many APC substrates have been observed overexpressed in multiple cancer types, such as CDC20, the Aurora A and B kinases, and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), suggesting APC activity is important for cell health. We performed BioGRID analyses of the APC coactivators CDC20 and CDH1, which revealed that at least 69 proteins serve as APC substrates, with 60 of them identified as playing a role in tumor promotion and 9 involved in tumor suppression. While these substrates and their association with malignancies have been studied in isolation, the possibility exists that generalized APC dysfunction could result in the inappropriate stabilization of multiple APC targets, thereby changing tumor behavior and treatment responsiveness. It is also possible that the APC itself plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis through its regulation of mitotic progression. In this review the connections between APC activity and dysregulation will be discussed with regards to cell cycle dysfunction and chromosome instability in cancer, along with the individual roles that the accumulation of various APC substrates may play in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordell VanGenderen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Troy Anthony Alan Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Terra Gayle Arnason
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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13
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Shan Z, Liu L, Shen J, Hao H, Zhang H, Lei L, Liu F, Wang Z. Enhanced UV Resistance Role of Death Domain-Associated Protein in Human MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells by Regulation of G2 DNA Damage Checkpoint. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720920277. [PMID: 32662684 PMCID: PMC7586275 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720920277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Death domain–associated protein (DAXX) is a multifunctional nuclear protein involved in apoptosis, transcription, deoxyribonucleic acid damage response, and tumorigenesis. However, the role of DAXX in breast cancer development and progression remains elusive. In this study, we examined the expression patterns and function of DAXX in human breast cancer samples and cell lines. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression and localization patterns of DAXX. Additionally, we investigated whether DAXX played an intrinsic role in the cellular response to damage induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (isolated at M D Anderson from a pleural effusion of a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma). Results: Our results showed that nucleus size, chromatin organization, and DAXX localization were altered in breast cancer tissues compared with those in control tissues. Compared with cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in benign breast tissues, DAXX was colocalized with promyelocytic leukemia in nuclei with a granular distribution. Endogenous DAXX messenger ribonucleic acid levels were upregulated upon UV radiation in MDA-MB-231 cells. DAXX-deficient cells tended to be more sensitive to irradiation than control cells. Conversely, DAXX-overexpressing cells exhibited reduced phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) accumulation, increased cell survival, and resistance to UV-induced damage. The protective effects of DAXX may be related to the activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-checkpoint kinase 2 (ATM-CHK2)-cell division cycle 25c (CDC25c) signaling pathways in Gap2/Mitosis (G2/M) checkpoint and ultimately cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggested that DAXX may be an essential component in breast cancer initiation, malignant progression, and radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Shan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Jingling Shen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyue Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Blood Transfusion Department of Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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14
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Chen C, Sun X, Xie W, Chen S, Hu Y, Xing D, Xu J, Chen X, Zhao Z, Han Z, Xue X, Shen X, Lin K. Opposing biological functions of the cytoplasm and nucleus DAXX modified by SUMO-2/3 in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:514. [PMID: 32641734 PMCID: PMC7343808 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Death domain-associated protein (DAXX) is a complex biological multifunctional protein and is involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of multiple cancers. The accumulation of DAXX in the nucleus is a common phenomenon in tumor cells. However, altering the subcellular localizations of DAXX results in different biological functions, and we also found that its nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) was associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we investigated the effect of cytoplasmic and nuclear DAXX (cDAXX and nDAXX) in GC and the underlying mechanisms. Immunohistochemical detection performed in 323 GC tissues reveled that cDAXX was associated with a better survival, while high nDAXX expression suggested a poorer prognosis outcome. Upregulation of DAXX in the cytoplasm inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, whereas downregulation of DAXX in the nucleus displayed opposite effects. Moreover, Transwell assays revealed that DAXX enhanced GC cell migration and invasion. Analysis from the Gene Expression Profile Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database showed that the expression of DAXX was significantly associated with SUMO-2/3 in GC tissues. Co-immunoprecipitation combined with immunofluorescence analysis indicated that DAXX interacted directly with SUMO-2/3. Subsequently, down-regulating the expression of SUMO-2/3 resulted in altered subcellular localization of DAXX. Bioinformatics analysis showed that RanBP2 may act as SUMO E3 ligase to promote nuclear-plasma transport via combining with RanGAP1. Taken together, our results indicated that DAXX plays opposing roles in GC and suggest a new model whereby cDAXX, nDAXX, and SUMO-2/3 form a molecular network that regulates the subcellular localization of DAXX and thereby modulates its opposing biological effects. Thus, our findings provide a foundation for future studies of DAXX as a novel therapeutic target for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Wangkai Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Sian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbo Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Dong Xing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
| | - Kezhi Lin
- Morphology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
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15
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He L, Shi X, Chen R, Wu Z, Yang Z, Li Z. Association of Mental Health-Related Proteins DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 With the Progression and Prognosis of Chondrosarcoma. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:134. [PMID: 31850367 PMCID: PMC6888811 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common malignant bone tumor. Current therapies remain ineffective, resulting in poor prognoses. Biomarkers for chondrosarcoma and predictors of its prognosis have not been established. Mental health-related proteins have been associated with the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of many cancers, but their association with chondrosarcoma has not been reported. In this study, the expression and clinicopathological significance of the mental health-related proteins DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 in chondrosarcoma tissue samples were examined, over an 84-months follow-up period. In immunohistochemical analysis, the rates of positive DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 expression were significantly higher in chondrosarcoma than in osteochondroma tissue (P < 0.01). The percentages of positive DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 expression were significantly lower in tissues with good differentiation (P < 0.01), AJCC stage I/ II (P < 0.01), Enneking stage I (P < 0.01), and non-metastasis (P < 0.05), respectively. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, significantly shorter mean survival times were associated with moderate and poor differentiation (P = 0.000), AJCC stage III/IV (P = 0.000), Enneking stage II/III (P = 0.000), metastasis (P = 0.019), invasion (P = 0.013), and positive DAXX (P = 0.012), and/or DRD3 (P = 0.018) expression. In Cox regression analysis, moderate and poor differentiation (P = 0.006), AJCC stage III/IV (P = 0.013), Enneking stage II/III (P = 0.016), metastasis (P = 0.033), invasion (P = 0.011), and positive DAXX (P = 0.033), and/or DRD3 (P = 0.025) staining correlated negatively with the postoperative survival rate and positively with mortality. In competing-risks regression analysis, differentiation (P = 0.005), metastasis (P = 0.014), invasion (P = 0.028), AJCC stage (P = 0.003), Enneking stage (P = 0.036), and DAXX (P = 0.039), and DRD3(P = 0.019) expression were independent predictors of death from chondrosarcoma. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 expression were 0.673 (95% CI, 0.557-0.788; P = 0.010), 0.670 (95% CI, 0.556-0.784; P = 0.011), and 0.688 (95% CI, 0.573-0.802; P = 0.005), respectively. These results suggest that DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 could serve as biomarkers of chondrosarcoma progression and predictors of its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lile He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengchun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
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16
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Mahmud I, Liao D. DAXX in cancer: phenomena, processes, mechanisms and regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7734-7752. [PMID: 31350900 PMCID: PMC6735914 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DAXX displays complex biological functions. Remarkably, DAXX overexpression is a common feature in diverse cancers, which correlates with tumorigenesis, disease progression and treatment resistance. Structurally, DAXX is modular with an N-terminal helical bundle, a docking site for many DAXX interactors (e.g. p53 and ATRX). DAXX's central region folds with the H3.3/H4 dimer, providing a H3.3-specific chaperoning function. DAXX has two functionally critical SUMO-interacting motifs. These modules are connected by disordered regions. DAXX's structural features provide a framework for deciphering how DAXX mechanistically imparts its functions and how its activity is regulated. DAXX modulates transcription through binding to transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, and chromatin remodelers. DAXX's localization in the PML nuclear bodies also plays roles in transcriptional regulation. DAXX-regulated genes are likely important effectors of its biological functions. Deposition of H3.3 and its interactions with epigenetic modifiers are likely key events for DAXX to regulate transcription, DNA repair, and viral infection. Interactions between DAXX and its partners directly impact apoptosis and cell signaling. DAXX's activity is regulated by posttranslational modifications and ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Notably, the tumor suppressor SPOP promotes DAXX degradation in phase-separated droplets. We summarize here our current understanding of DAXX's complex functions with a focus on how it promotes oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0235, USA
| | - Daiqing Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0235, USA
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17
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Sharma AB, Dimitrov S, Hamiche A, Van Dyck E. Centromeric and ectopic assembly of CENP-A chromatin in health and cancer: old marks and new tracks. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1051-1069. [PMID: 30590707 PMCID: PMC6379705 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone H3 variant CENP-A confers epigenetic identity to the centromere and plays crucial roles in the assembly and function of the kinetochore, thus ensuring proper segregation of our chromosomes. CENP-A containing nucleosomes exhibit unique structural specificities and lack the complex profile of gene expression-associated histone posttranslational modifications found in canonical histone H3 and the H3.3 variant. CENP-A mislocalization into noncentromeric regions resulting from its overexpression leads to chromosomal segregation aberrations and genome instability. Overexpression of CENP-A is a feature of many cancers and is associated with malignant progression and poor outcome. The recent years have seen impressive progress in our understanding of the mechanisms that orchestrate CENP-A deposition at native centromeres and ectopic loci. They have witnessed the description of novel, heterotypic CENP-A/H3.3 nucleosome particles and the exploration of the phenotypes associated with the deregulation of CENP-A and its chaperones in tumor cells. Here, we review the structural specificities of CENP-A nucleosomes, the epigenetic features that characterize the centrochromatin and the mechanisms and factors that orchestrate CENP-A deposition at centromeres. We then review our knowledge of CENP-A ectopic distribution, highlighting experimental strategies that have enabled key discoveries. Finally, we discuss the implications of deregulated CENP-A in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bharadwaj Sharma
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Stefan Dimitrov
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Santé-Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France.,Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Hamiche
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Eric Van Dyck
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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18
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Tang KD, Liu J, Russell PJ, Clements JA, Ling MT. Gamma-Tocotrienol Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells by Targeting the Ang-1/Tie-2 Signalling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019. [PMID: 30866453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051164,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that gamma-tocotrienol (γ-T3), a vitamin E isomer, has potent anti-cancer properties against a wide-range of cancers. γ-T3 not only inhibited the growth and survival of cancer cells in vitro, but also suppressed angiogenesis and tumour metastasis under in vivo conditions. Recently, γ-T3 was found to target cancer stem cells (CSCs), leading to suppression of tumour formation and chemosensitisation. Despite its promising anti-cancer potential, the exact mechanisms responsible for the effects of γ-T3 are still largely unknown. Here, we report the identification of Ang-1 (Angiopoietin-1)/Tie-2 as a novel γ-T3 downstream target. In prostate cancer cells, γ-T3 treatment leads to the suppression of Ang-1 at both the mRNA transcript and protein levels. Supplementing the cells with Ang-1 was found to protect them against the anti-CSC effect of γ-T3. Intriguingly, inactivation of Tie-2, a member receptor that mediates the effect of Ang-1, was found to significantly enhance the cytotoxic effect of γ-T3 through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and subsequent interruption of autophagy. Our results highlighted the therapeutic potential of using γ-T3 in combination with a Tie-2 inhibitor to treat advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dun Tang
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and The Translational Research Institute, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Ji Liu
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and The Translational Research Institute, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Pamela J Russell
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and The Translational Research Institute, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Judith A Clements
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and The Translational Research Institute, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Ming-Tat Ling
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and The Translational Research Institute, Queensland 4102, Australia.
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19
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Gamma-Tocotrienol Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells by Targeting the Ang-1/Tie-2 Signalling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051164. [PMID: 30866453 PMCID: PMC6429150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that gamma-tocotrienol (γ-T3), a vitamin E isomer, has potent anti-cancer properties against a wide-range of cancers. γ-T3 not only inhibited the growth and survival of cancer cells in vitro, but also suppressed angiogenesis and tumour metastasis under in vivo conditions. Recently, γ-T3 was found to target cancer stem cells (CSCs), leading to suppression of tumour formation and chemosensitisation. Despite its promising anti-cancer potential, the exact mechanisms responsible for the effects of γ-T3 are still largely unknown. Here, we report the identification of Ang-1 (Angiopoietin-1)/Tie-2 as a novel γ-T3 downstream target. In prostate cancer cells, γ-T3 treatment leads to the suppression of Ang-1 at both the mRNA transcript and protein levels. Supplementing the cells with Ang-1 was found to protect them against the anti-CSC effect of γ-T3. Intriguingly, inactivation of Tie-2, a member receptor that mediates the effect of Ang-1, was found to significantly enhance the cytotoxic effect of γ-T3 through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and subsequent interruption of autophagy. Our results highlighted the therapeutic potential of using γ-T3 in combination with a Tie-2 inhibitor to treat advanced prostate cancer.
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20
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Molecular Mechanisms Related to Hormone Inhibition Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010043. [PMID: 30642011 PMCID: PMC6356740 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of metastatic or advanced prostate cancer has acquired several therapeutic approaches that have drastically changed the course of the disease. In particular due to the high sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to hormone depletion, several agents able to inhibit hormone production or binding to nuclear receptor have been evaluated and adopted in clinical practice. However, despite several hormonal treatments being available nowadays for the management of advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, the natural history of the disease leads inexorably to the development of resistance to hormone inhibition. Findings regarding the mechanisms that drive this process are of particular and increasing interest as these are potentially related to the identification of new targetable pathways and to the development of new drugs able to improve our patients' clinical outcomes.
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21
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Morra F, Merolla F, Napolitano V, Ilardi G, Miro C, Paladino S, Staibano S, Cerrato A, Celetti A. The combined effect of USP7 inhibitors and PARP inhibitors in hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:31815-31829. [PMID: 28415632 PMCID: PMC5458250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Reduced levels of the tumor suppressor protein CCDC6 sensitize cancer cells to the treatment with PARP-inhibitors. The turnover of CCDC6 protein is regulated by the de-ubiquitinase USP7, which also controls the androgen receptor (AR) stability. Here, we correlated the expression levels of CCDC6 and USP7 proteins in primary prostate cancers (PC). Moreover, we tested the efficacy of the USP7 inhibitors, in combination with PARP-inhibitors as a novel therapeutic option in advanced prostate cancer.Experimental techniques: PC cells were exposed to USP7 inhibitor, P5091, together with cycloheximide, to investigate the turnover of the USP7 substrates, AR and CCDC6. As outcome of the AR downregulation, transcription targets of AR and its variant V7 were examined by qPCR. As a result of CCDC6 degradation, the induction of PARP inhibitors sensitivity was evaluated by analyzing PC cells viability and foci formation. We scored and correlated CCDC6 and USP7 expression levels in a prostate cancer tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS P5091 accelerated the degradation of AR and V7 isoform affecting PSA, UBE2C, CDC20 transcription and PC cells proliferation. Moreover, P5091 accelerated the degradation of CCDC6 sensitizing the cells to PARP-inhibitors, that acted sinergistically with genotoxic agents. The immunohistochemical analysis of both CCDC6 and USP7 proteins exhibited significant correlation for the intensity of staining (p ≤ 0.05).Data interpretation: Thus, CCDC6 and USP7 represent predictive markers for the combined treatment of the USP7-inhibitors and PARP-inhibitors in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Morra
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Virginia Napolitano
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Cerrato
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
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22
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Adipocytes promote prostate cancer stem cell self-renewal through amplification of the cholecystokinin autocrine loop. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4939-48. [PMID: 26700819 PMCID: PMC4826255 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has long been linked with prostate cancer progression, although the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. Here, we report that adipocytes promote the enrichment of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) through a vicious cycle of autocrine amplification. In the presence of adipocytes, prostate cancer cells actively secrete the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), which not only stimulates prostate CSC self-renewal, but also induces cathepsin B (CTSB) production of the adipocytes. In return, CTSB facilitates further CCK secretion by the cancer cells. More importantly, inactivation of CCK receptor not only suppresses CTSB secretion by the adipocytes, but also synergizes the inhibitory effect of CTSB inhibitor on adipocyte-promoted prostate CSC self-renewal. In summary, we have uncovered a novel mechanism underlying the mutual interplay between adipocytes and prostate CSCs, which may help explaining the role of adipocytes in prostate cancer progression and provide opportunities for effective intervention.
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23
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Age-dependent differential expression of death-associated protein 6 (Daxx) in various peripheral tissues and different brain regions of C57BL/6 male mice. Biogerontology 2016; 17:817-828. [PMID: 27465500 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Death-associated protein 6 (DAXX) is a ubiquitous protein implicated in various cellular processes such as apoptosis, tumorigenesis, development and transcription. The role of DAXX is however ambiguous and many contradictory results regarding its function in apoptosis upon various cellular stresses are described in the literature. In order to have a better understanding of the role of DAXX throughout the entire organism under physiological stress conditions, we have characterized the mRNA levels, protein expression and the proteolytic processing of DAXX in the normal aging process in peripheral organs and brain regions in C57BL/6 male mice. Overall, Daxx mRNA expression decreases with aging in the liver, kidney, heart, cortex and cerebellum. In contrast, an increase is observed in the striatum. The protein expression of DAXX and of its proteolytic fragments increases with aging in the kidney, heart and cortex. In liver and spleen, no changes are observed while in the striatum and cerebellum, certain forms increase and others decrease with age, suggesting that the functions of DAXX may be cell type dependent. This study provides important details regarding the expression and post-translational modifications of DAXX in aging in the entire organism and provides reference data for the deregulation observed in age-associated diseases.
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Qiu L, Wu J, Pan C, Tan X, Lin J, Liu R, Chen S, Geng R, Huang W. Downregulation of CDC27 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells via the accumulation of p21Cip1/Waf1. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2074. [PMID: 26821069 PMCID: PMC4816181 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated cell cycle progression has a critical role in tumorigenesis. Cell division cycle 27 (CDC27) is a core subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, although the specific role of CDC27 in cancer remains unknown. In our study, we explored the biological and clinical significance of CDC27 in colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and progression and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results showed that CDC27 expression is significantly correlated with tumor progression and poor patient survival. Functional assays demonstrated that overexpression of CDC27 promoted proliferation in DLD1 cells, whereas knockdown of CDC27 in HCT116 cells inhibited proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic investigation showed that CDC27 downregulation resulted in G1/S phase transition arrest via the significant accumulation of p21 in HCT116 cells, and the upregulation of CDC27 promoted G1/S phase transition via the attenuation of p21 in DLD1 cells. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that CDC27 regulated inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) protein expression in DLD1 and HCT116 cells, and rescue assays revealed that CDC27 regulated p21 expression through modulating ID1 expression. Taken together, our results indicate that CDC27 contributes to CRC cell proliferation via the modulation of ID1-mediated p21 regulation, which offers a novel approach to the inhibition of tumor growth. Indeed, these findings provide new perspectives for the future study of CDC27 as a target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Qiu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Pan
- Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Second People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - X Tan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - R Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - R Geng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Tang KD, Holzapfel BM, Liu J, Lee TKW, Ma S, Jovanovic L, An J, Russell PJ, Clements JA, Hutmacher DW, Ling MT. Tie-2 regulates the stemness and metastatic properties of prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2572-84. [PMID: 25978029 PMCID: PMC4823056 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence supports that prostate tumor metastasis originates from a rare population of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Unfortunately, little is known about the identity of these cells, making it difficult to target the metastatic prostate tumor. Here, for the first time, we report the identification of a rare population of prostate cancer cells that express the Tie-2 protein. We found that this Tie-2High population exists mainly in prostate cancer cell lines that are capable of metastasizing to the bone. These cells not only express a higher level of CSC markers but also demonstrate enhanced resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug Cabazitaxel. In addition, knockdown of the expression of the Tie-2 ligand angiopoietin (Ang-1) led to suppression of CSC markers, suggesting that the Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling pathway functions as an autocrine loop for the maintenance of prostate CSCs. More importantly, we found that Tie-2High prostate cancer cells are more adhesive than the Tie-2Low population to both osteoblasts and endothelial cells. Moreover, only the Tie-2High, but not the Tie-2Low cells developed tumor metastasis in vivo when injected at a low number. Taken together, our data suggest that Tie-2 may play an important role during the development of prostate tumor metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Proliferation
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/secondary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, TIE-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, TIE-2/genetics
- Receptor, TIE-2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Dun Tang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Boris M. Holzapfel
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Ji Liu
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Terence Kin-Wah Lee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lidija Jovanovic
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Jiyuan An
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Pamela J. Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Ming-Tat Ling
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
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26
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Lin GJ, Huang YS, Lin CK, Huang SH, Shih HM, Sytwu HK, Chen YW. Daxx and TCF4 interaction links to oral squamous cell carcinoma growth by promoting cell cycle progression via induction of cyclin D1 expression. Clin Oral Investig 2015. [PMID: 26205068 PMCID: PMC4799237 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Death domain-associated protein (Daxx) has been recently implicated as a positive factor in ovarian cancer and prostate cancer, but the role of Daxx in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has never been addressed. Herein, we investigate the expression and function of Daxx in OSCC. Materials and methods RT-quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluation of the expression of Daxx in human OSCC cell lines and clinical surgical specimens. Short hairpin RNA targeting Daxx was transduced by lentivirus infection to knockdown the expression of Daxx in SAS and SCC25 cell lines, and the influence of this knockdown was evaluated by analyzing the growth and the cell cycle in transduced cells. Immunoprecipitation and sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR were used to analyze the associations between Daxx, TCF4, and cyclin D1 promoter. Xenograft tumor model was used to evaluate the in vivo tumorigenicity of Daxx in OSCC. Results Daxx mRNA and protein expression are elevated in several OSCC cell lines and human OSCC samples in comparison to those in normal tissue. We further find that depletion of Daxx decreases OSCC cell growth activity through G1 cell cycle arrest. Daxx silencing reduces cyclin D1 expression via a Daxx-TCF4 interaction, whereas the Daxx depletion-mediated G1 arrest can be relieved by ectopic expression of cyclin D1. Moreover, we show that in OSCC clinical samples, the expression of Daxx is significantly correlated with that of cyclin D1. Conclusion Our data demonstrate the importance of Daxx in regulation of cyclin D1 expression and provide the first evidence that Daxx exhibits tumor-promoting activity in OSCC. Clinical relevance Daxx plays an important role in malignant transformation of OSCC and may serves as a target for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu-Jiun Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Sung Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kung Lin
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi general Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Huang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ming Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Wu Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, 325 Cheng-Kung Road, Section 2, Nei-Hu, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
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27
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A New Combinatorial Optimization Approach for Integrated Feature Selection Using Different Datasets: A Prostate Cancer Transcriptomic Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127702. [PMID: 26106884 PMCID: PMC4480358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The joint study of multiple datasets has become a common technique for increasing statistical power in detecting biomarkers obtained from smaller studies. The approach generally followed is based on the fact that as the total number of samples increases, we expect to have greater power to detect associations of interest. This methodology has been applied to genome-wide association and transcriptomic studies due to the availability of datasets in the public domain. While this approach is well established in biostatistics, the introduction of new combinatorial optimization models to address this issue has not been explored in depth. In this study, we introduce a new model for the integration of multiple datasets and we show its application in transcriptomics. Methods We propose a new combinatorial optimization problem that addresses the core issue of biomarker detection in integrated datasets. Optimal solutions for this model deliver a feature selection from a panel of prospective biomarkers. The model we propose is a generalised version of the (α,β)-k-Feature Set problem. We illustrate the performance of this new methodology via a challenging meta-analysis task involving six prostate cancer microarray datasets. The results are then compared to the popular RankProd meta-analysis tool and to what can be obtained by analysing the individual datasets by statistical and combinatorial methods alone. Results Application of the integrated method resulted in a more informative signature than the rank-based meta-analysis or individual dataset results, and overcomes problems arising from real world datasets. The set of genes identified is highly significant in the context of prostate cancer. The method used does not rely on homogenisation or transformation of values to a common scale, and at the same time is able to capture markers associated with subgroups of the disease.
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28
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Puto LA, Brognard J, Hunter T. Transcriptional Repressor DAXX Promotes Prostate Cancer Tumorigenicity via Suppression of Autophagy. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15406-15420. [PMID: 25903140 PMCID: PMC4505457 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The DAXX transcriptional repressor was originally associated with apoptotic cell death. However, recent evidence that DAXX represses several tumor suppressor genes, including the DAPK1 and DAPK3 protein kinases, and is up-regulated in many cancers argues that a pro-survival role may predominate in a cancer context. Here, we report that DAXX has potent growth-enhancing effects on primary prostatic malignancy through inhibition of autophagy. Through stable gene knockdown and mouse subcutaneous xenograft studies, we demonstrate that DAXX promotes tumorigenicity of human ALVA-31 and PC3 prostate cancer (PCa) cells in vivo. Importantly, DAXX represses expression of essential autophagy modulators DAPK3 and ULK1 in vivo, revealing autophagy suppression as a mechanism through which DAXX promotes PCa tumorigenicity. Furthermore, DAXX knockdown increases autophagic flux in cultured PCa cells. Finally, interrogation of the Oncomine(TM) database suggests that DAXX overexpression is associated with malignant transformation in several human cancers, including prostate and pancreatic cancers. Thus, DAXX may represent a new cancer biomarker for the detection of aggressive disease, whose tissue-specific down-regulation can serve as an improved therapeutic modality. Our results establish DAXX as a pro-survival protein in PCa and reveal that, in the early stages of tumorigenesis, autophagy suppresses prostate tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena A Puto
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - John Brognard
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037.
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29
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Puto LA, Benner C, Hunter T. The DAXX co-repressor is directly recruited to active regulatory elements genome-wide to regulate autophagy programs in a model of human prostate cancer. Oncoscience 2015; 2:362-72. [PMID: 26097870 PMCID: PMC4468322 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While carcinoma of the prostate is the second most common cause of cancer death in the US, current methods and markers used to predict prostate cancer (PCa) outcome are inadequate. This study was aimed at understanding the genome-wide binding and regulatory role of the DAXX transcriptional repressor, recently implicated in PCa. ChIP-Seq analysis of genome-wide distribution of DAXX in PC3 cells revealed over 59,000 DAXX binding sites, found at regulatory enhancers and promoters. ChIP-Seq analysis of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which is a key epigenetic partner for DAXX repression, revealed that DNMT1 binding was restricted to a small number of DAXX sites. DNMT1 and DAXX bound close to transcriptional activator motifs. DNMT1 sites were found to be dependent on DAXX for recruitment by analyzing DNMT1 ChIP-Seq following DAXX knockdown (K/D), corroborating previous findings that DAXX recruits DNMT1 to repress its target genes. Massively parallel RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to compare the transcriptomes of WT and DAXX K/D PC3 cells. Genes induced by DAXX K/D included those involved in autophagy, and DAXX ChIP-Seq peaks were found close to the transcription start sites (TSS) of autophagy genes, implying they are more likely to be regulated by DAXX. In conclusion, DAXX binds active regulatory elements and co-localizes with DNMT1 in the prostate cancer genome. Given DAXX's putative regulatory role in autophagy, future studies may consider DAXX as a candidate marker and therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena A Puto
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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30
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Targeting Cdc20 as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:141-51. [PMID: 25850036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC, also called APC/C) regulates cell cycle progression by forming two closely related, but functionally distinct E3 ubiquitin ligase sub-complexes, APC(Cdc20) and APC(Cdh1), respectively. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal that Cdc20 and Cdh1 have opposing functions in tumorigenesis. Specifically, Cdh1 functions largely as a tumor suppressor, whereas Cdc20 exhibits an oncogenic function, suggesting that Cdc20 could be a promising therapeutic target for combating human cancer. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms accounting for their differences in tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the downstream substrates of Cdc20 and the critical functions of Cdc20 in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, ciliary disassembly and brain development. Moreover, we briefly describe the upstream regulators of Cdc20 and the oncogenic role of Cdc20 in a variety of human malignancies. Furthermore, we summarize multiple pharmacological Cdc20 inhibitors including TAME and Apcin, and their potential clinical benefits. Taken together, development of specific Cdc20 inhibitors could be a novel strategy for the treatment of human cancers with elevated Cdc20 expression.
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31
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Tang SY, Li L, Li YL, Liu AY, Yu MJ, Wan YP. Distribution and location of Daxx in cervical epithelial cells with high risk human papillomavirus positive. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:1. [PMID: 24398161 PMCID: PMC3933295 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To provide the basis for further exploring the effect and its mechanism of Death domain associated protein (Daxx) on the progress of cervical carcinoma induced by human papillomavirus (HPV), the distribution and location of Daxx in cervical carcinoma with high risk HPV(HR-HPV) positive was analyzed. Methods The samples of normal cervical epithelial cells, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (CINI), CINII CINIII and cervical cancers were collected. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to analyze the distributions and locations of Daxx in the cervical tissue. Indirect immunoinfluorescence test was utilized to observe the locations of Daxx in Caski cells with HPV16 positive. Results Under the light microscopy, the brown signals of Daxx distributed in the nuclei of normal cervical epithelial cells; Daxx mainly distributed in nuclear membrane and there were a small amount of Daxx in the nuclei in CINI. Daxx intensively distributed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane in CINII, CINIII and cervical cancer. Under fluorescent microscopy, the distribution and location of Daxx in Caski cells was similarly to that in cervical cells of CINII, CINIII and cervical cancer. Conclusion In the progress of the cervical cancer, Daxx gradually translocates from nucleus into nuclear membrane, cytoplasm and cell membrane. Daxx locates in the cytoplasm and cell membrane in CINII, CINIII and cervical cancer. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4671548951113870.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan-ping Wan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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