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Du W, Xia X, Hu F, Yu J. Extracellular matrix remodeling in the tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1340634. [PMID: 38332915 PMCID: PMC10850336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1340634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a significant constituent of tumors, fulfilling various essential functions such as providing mechanical support, influencing the microenvironment, and serving as a reservoir for signaling molecules. The abundance and degree of cross-linking of ECM components are critical determinants of tissue stiffness. In the process of tumorigenesis, the interaction between ECM and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) frequently leads to ECM stiffness, thereby disrupting normal mechanotransduction and promoting malignant progression. Therefore, acquiring a thorough comprehension of the dysregulation of ECM within the TME would significantly aid in the identification of potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this regard, we have compiled a comprehensive summary encompassing the following aspects: (1) the principal components of ECM and their roles in malignant conditions; (2) the intricate interaction between ECM and immune cells within the TME; and (3) the pivotal regulators governing the onco-immune response in ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueming Xia
- Division of Head & Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayun Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Kong W, Yin G, Zheng S, Liu X, Zhu A, Yu P, Zhang J, Shan Y, Ying R, Jin H. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR: Pathogenic roles and therapeutic opportunities in gastric cancer. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1269-1280. [PMID: 35873034 PMCID: PMC9293693 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the first malignant cancers in the world and a large number of people die every year due to this disease. Many genetic and epigenetic risk factors have been identified that play a major role in gastric cancer. HOTAIR is an effective epigenetic agent known as long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). HOTAIR has been described to have biological functions in biochemical and cellular processes through interactions with many factors, leading to genomic stability, proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, metastasis, and drug resistance. In the present article, we reviewed the prognostic value of the molecular mechanisms underlying the HOTAIR regulation and its function in the development of Gastric Cancer, whereas elucidation of HOTAIR–protein and HOTAIR–DNA interactions can be helpful in the identification of cancer processes, leading to the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Kong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Guang Yin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Sixin Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Xinchun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Akao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Panpan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Yuqiang Shan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Rongchao Ying
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Huicheng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
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Li K, Wang A, Liu H, Li B. Protocol for chemically induced murine gastric tumor model. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100814. [PMID: 34585155 PMCID: PMC8456110 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea, an N-nitroso compound converted from dietary nitrite by Helicobacter pylori, causes somatic mutations in epithelial cells and induces gastric premalignancy. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for induction of gastric tumor and analysis of tumor phenotypes in mice. This model can be widely used for studying the initiation and growth of gastric cancer. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al. (2021). Preparation of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) solution and Helicobacter pylori Establishment of a murine gastric tumor model with MNU Summary of development of gastric tumors and tumors in other organs
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Chou CF, Huang CC, Bin Dabil N, Chang PL. Assessing SPP1/Osteopontin (OPN) Splice Variants and Their Association to Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer by Absolute Quantification: Identification of OPN-5 Subvariants and Their Protein Coding Potential. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:559-570. [PMID: 34043476 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1933015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated whether SPP1/osteopontin (OPN) splice variants are differentially expressed in nonmelanoma skin cancer compared to normal skin. The absolute number of mRNA molecules of OPN-a predominated in normal skin and nonmelanoma skin cancer compared to OPN-b, OPN-c, and OPN-5. However, mRNAs of OPN-a, OPN-b, and OPN-c were expressed in higher levels in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) and basal cell carcinomas relative to normal skin. Additionally, OPN-5 expression was higher than OPN-b and OPN-c, and OPN-c, in normal skin and nonmelanoma skin cancer, respectively. Furthermore, we identified four OPN-5 splice variants, which were cloned and analyzed for protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Fang Chou
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Conway C Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Noura Bin Dabil
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pi-Ling Chang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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The role of osteopontin in the progression of solid organ tumour. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:356. [PMID: 29500465 PMCID: PMC5834520 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a bone sialoprotein involved in osteoclast attachment to mineralised bone matrix, as well as being a bone matrix protein, OPN is also a versatile protein that acts on various receptors which are associated with different signalling pathways implicated in cancer. OPN mediates various biological events involving the immune system and the vascular system; the protein plays a role in processes such as immune response, cell adhesion and migration, and tumorigenesis. This review discusses the potential role of OPN in tumour cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes in different cancers, including brain, lung, kidney, liver, bladder, breast, oesophageal, gastric, colon, pancreatic, prostate and ovarian cancers. The understanding of OPN’s role in tumour development and progression could potentially influence cancer therapy and contribute to the development of novel anti-tumour treatments.
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Is Osteopontin a Friend or Foe of Cell Apoptosis in Inflammatory Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010007. [PMID: 29267211 PMCID: PMC5795959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is involved in a variety of biological processes, including bone remodeling, innate immunity, acute and chronic inflammation, and cancer. The expression of OPN occurs in various tissues and cells, including intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes. OPN plays an important role in the efficient development of T helper 1 immune responses and cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis. The association of OPN with apoptosis has been investigated. In this review, we described the role of OPN in inflammatory gastrointestinal and liver diseases, focusing on the association of OPN with apoptosis. OPN changes its association with apoptosis depending on the type of disease and the phase of disease activity, acting as a promoter or a suppressor of inflammation and inflammatory carcinogenesis. It is essential that the roles of OPN in those diseases are elucidated, and treatments based on its mechanism are developed.
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Gu M, Zheng X. Osteopontin and vasculogenic mimicry formation are associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4121-4127. [PMID: 28860821 PMCID: PMC5571838 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s129414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional phosphoprotein, has been implicated in a series of important physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. In breast cancer, OPN functionally contributes to the tumorigenicity of spheroid-forming cells. It also plays a critical role in enhancing the proliferation, tumorigenicity, and ability to display vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of spheroid-forming cells in breast cancer. However, the role of OPN in breast cancer is not clear. Patients and methods This study investigated OPN expression and VM in breast cancer patients before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Their association with clinicopathologic factors was first analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Then, the response of breast cancer patients to NACT was evaluated. The correlation between the clinicopathologic factors, including the molecular subtype, and the response to NACT was analyzed. Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive staining of OPN in 40% of the breast cancer patients, whereas VM, which was related to tumor stage, was observed in 30% of cases. OPN expression was found to have a significant correlation with VM (P<0.05). The results also indicated that the clinicopathologic factors were not related to the response to NACT, including the molecular subtype. The multivariate analysis of clinicopathologic features correlated with pathological complete response (pCR) indicated that OPN(+)VM(+) was correlated with pCR (P<0.001). Conclusion Our findings underlined that the concurrence of OPN-positive expression and VM can predict the pCR to NACT in breast cancer. The efficiency of NACT in certain patients can be easily predicted by detecting the expression of OPN and VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Osteopontin Deficiency Suppresses Intestinal Tumor Development in Apc-Deficient Min Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051058. [PMID: 28505114 PMCID: PMC5454970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoglycoprotein, and is a transcriptional target of aberrant Wnt signaling. OPN is upregulated in human colon cancers, and is suggested to enhance cancer progression. In this study, the effect of deficiency of OPN on intestinal tumor development in Apc-deficient Min mice was investigated. At 16 weeks of age, the number of small intestinal polyps in Min/OPN(+/−) and Min/OPN(−/−) mice was lower than that of Min/OPN(+/+) mice. Colorectal tumor incidences and multiplicities in Min/OPN(+/−) and Min/OPN(−/−) mice were significantly lower than those in Min/OPN(+/+) mice, being 48% and 0.6 ± 0.8, 50% and 0.8 ± 0.9 vs. 80% and 1.6 ± 1.7, respectively. OPN expression in colorectal tumors was strongly upregulated in Min/OPN(+/+) compared to adjacent non-tumor parts, but was decreased in Min/OPN(+/−) and not detected in Min/OPN(−/−). Targets of OPN, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-3, -9, and -13 were lowered by OPN deficiency. Macrophage marker F4/80 in colorectal tumors was also lowered by OPN deficiency. MMP-9 expression was observed in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. These results indicate that induction of OPN by aberrant Wnt signaling could enhance colorectal tumor development in part by upregulation of MMP-3, -9, and -13 and infiltration of macrophage and neutrophils. Suppression of OPN expression could contribute to tumor prevention, but complete deficiency of OPN may cause some adverse effects.
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Lee SH, Park JW, Woo SH, Go DM, Kwon HJ, Jang JJ, Kim DY. Suppression of osteopontin inhibits chemically induced hepatic carcinogenesis by induction of apoptosis in mice. Oncotarget 2016; 7:87219-87231. [PMID: 27888617 PMCID: PMC5349983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical reports have found elevated osteopontin (OPN) levels in tumor tissues to be indicative of greater malignancy in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of OPN on carcinogenesis and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the oncogenic role of OPN in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatic carcinogenesis in mice. The overall incidence of hepatic tumors at 36 weeks was significantly lower in OPN knockout (KO) mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. Apoptosis was significantly enhanced in OPN KO mice, and was accompanied by the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In the in vitro study, OPN suppression also led to lower mRNA and protein levels of EGFR associated with the downregulation of c-Jun in Hep3B and Huh7 human HCC cells lines, which resulted in increased apoptotic cell death in both cell lines. Moreover, a positive correlation was clearly identified between the expression of OPN and EGFR in human HCC tissues. These data demonstrate that the OPN deficiency reduced the incidence of chemically induced HCC by suppressing EGFR-mediated anti-apoptotic signaling. An important implication of our findings is that OPN positively contributes to hepatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyung Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jun-Won Park
- Biomolecular Function Research Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi 410-769, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Woo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Du-Min Go
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Ja-June Jang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Servetas SL, Bridge DR, Merrell DS. Molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer initiation and progression by Helicobacter pylori. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2016; 29:304-10. [PMID: 26779778 PMCID: PMC5144489 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Infection with the Gram-negative, microaerophilic pathogen Helicobacter pylori results in gastric cancer in a subset of infected individuals. As such, H. pylori is the only WHO classified bacterial class I carcinogen. Numerous studies have identified mechanisms by which H. pylori alters host cell signaling pathways to cause disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies that explore mechanisms associated with induction of gastric cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Over the last year and a half, new mechanisms contributing to the etiology of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer development have been discovered. In addition to utilizing the oncogenic CagA toxin to alter host cell signaling pathways, H. pylori also induces host DNA damage and alters DNA methylation to perturb downstream signaling. Furthermore, H. pylori activates numerous host cell pathways and proteins that result in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and induction of cell survival and proliferation. SUMMARY Mounting evidence suggests that H. pylori promotes gastric carcinogenesis using a multifactorial approach. Intriguingly, many of the targeted pathways and mechanisms show commonality with diverse forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Scott Merrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
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