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Xu L, Bajorski P, Poligone B. Lysophosphatidic acid down-regulates human RIPK4 mRNA in keratinocyte- derived cell lines. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287444. [PMID: 38630705 PMCID: PMC11023271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The tight control of proliferating keratinocytes is vital to the successful function of the skin. Differentiation of dividing cells is necessary to form a skin barrier. The same dividing cells are necessary to heal wounds and when malignant form tumors. RIPK4, a serine-threonine kinase, plays critical roles in these processes. Its loss of function was associated with pathological keratinocyte proliferation and development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in humans and mice. The current study extends previous findings in the importance of RIPK4 in keratinocyte proliferation. A serum-derived phospholipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), was identified as an important biologic inhibitor of RIPK4. LPA functions by inhibiting the transcription of RIPK4 mRNA. LPA treatment led to increased keratinocyte proliferation, and this was compromised in cells with reduced RIPK4 expression. The current study may help to explain the mechanism by which RIPK4 was downregulated during SCC progression and provide insights on RIPK4 functions. It may also allow for targeting of RIPK4 through a natural component of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Biology Research, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter Bajorski
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian Poligone
- Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Biology Research, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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2
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Urwyler-Rösselet C, Tanghe G, Devos M, Hulpiau P, Saeys Y, Declercq W. Functions of the RIP kinase family members in the skin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:285. [PMID: 37688617 PMCID: PMC10492769 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPK) are a family of serine/threonine kinases that are involved in the integration of various stress signals. In response to several extracellular and/or intracellular stimuli, RIP kinases engage signaling cascades leading to the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases, cell death, inflammation, differentiation and Wnt signaling and can have kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions. Although it was previously suggested that seven RIPKs are part of the RIPK family, phylogenetic analysis indicates that there are only five genuine RIPKs. RIPK1 and RIPK3 are mainly involved in controlling and executing necroptosis in keratinocytes, while RIPK4 controls proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and thereby can act as a tumor suppressor in skin. Therefore, in this review we summarize and discuss the functions of RIPKs in skin homeostasis as well as the signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Urwyler-Rösselet
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giel Tanghe
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Devos
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Howest University of Applied Sciences, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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The NOTCH-RIPK4-IRF6-ELOVL4 Axis Suppresses Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030737. [PMID: 36765696 PMCID: PMC9913669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 4 (RIPK4) and its kinase substrate the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) play critical roles in the development and maintenance of the epidermis. In addition, ourselves and others have previously shown that RIPK4 is a NOTCH target gene that suppresses the development of cutaneous and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). In this study, we used autochthonous mouse models, where the expression of Pik3caH1047R oncogene predisposes the skin and oral cavity to tumor development, and show that not only loss of Ripk4, but also loss of its kinase substrate Irf6, triggers rapid SCC development. In vivo rescue experiments using Ripk4 or a kinase-dead Ripk4 mutant showed that the tumor suppressive function of Ripk4 is dependent on its kinase activity. To elucidate critical mediators of this tumor suppressive pathway, we performed transcriptional profiling of Ripk4-deficient epidermal cells followed by multiplexed in vivo CRISPR screening to identify genes with tumor suppressive capabilities. We show that Elovl4 is a critical Notch-Ripk4-Irf6 downstream target gene, and that Elovl4 loss itself triggers SCC development. Importantly, overexpression of Elovl4 suppressed tumor growth of Ripk4-deficient keratinocytes. Altogether, our work identifies a potent Notch1-Ripk4-Irf6-Elovl4 tumor suppressor axis.
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Srivastava A, Tommasi C, Sessions D, Mah A, Bencomo T, Garcia JM, Jiang T, Lee M, Shen JY, Seow LW, Nguyen A, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Tsai KY, Lopez-Pajares V, Lee CS. MAB21L4 Deficiency Drives Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Activation of RET. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3143-3157. [PMID: 35705526 PMCID: PMC9444977 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) most commonly originate in the skin, where they display disruptions in the normally tightly regulated homeostatic balance between keratinocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation. We performed a transcriptome-wide screen for genes of unknown function that possess inverse expression patterns in differentiating keratinocytes compared with cutaneous SCC (cSCC), leading to the identification of MAB21L4 (C2ORF54) as an enforcer of terminal differentiation that suppresses carcinogenesis. Loss of MAB21L4 in human cSCC organoids increased expression of RET to enable malignant progression. In addition to transcriptional upregulation of RET, deletion of MAB21L4 preempted recruitment of the CacyBP-Siah1 E3 ligase complex to RET and reduced its ubiquitylation. In SCC organoids and in vivo tumor models, genetic disruption of RET or selective inhibition of RET with BLU-667 (pralsetinib) suppressed SCC growth while inducing concomitant differentiation. Overall, loss of MAB21L4 early during SCC development blocks differentiation by increasing RET expression. These results suggest that targeting RET activation is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating SCC. SIGNIFICANCE Downregulation of RET mediated by MAB21L4-CacyBP interaction is required to induce epidermal differentiation and suppress carcinogenesis, suggesting RET inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach in squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Srivastava
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Cristina Tommasi
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Dane Sessions
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Angela Mah
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Tomas Bencomo
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jasmine M. Garcia
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Tiffany Jiang
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Joseph Y. Shen
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Lek Wei Seow
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Audrey Nguyen
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth Y. Tsai
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology & Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Carolyn S. Lee
- Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
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Li H, Luo D, Huttad L, Zhang M, Wang Y, Feng J, Ding Y, Han B. RIPK4 Suppresses the Invasion and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of STAT3. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:654766. [PMID: 34222329 PMCID: PMC8249771 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.654766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 4 (RIPK4) is a member of the threonine/serine protein kinase family; it plays related functions in a variety of tumours, but its biological function has not been fully revealed. It has been reported that it is differentially expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our research aimed to reveal the role of RIPK4 in the progression of HCC and to reveal the biological behaviour of RIPK4 in HCC. We analysed the differences in RIPK4 expression in HCC by using a publicly available data set. By using PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining methods, we detected the expression level of RIPK4 in HCC patient specimens and studied the relationship between the expression of RIPK4 and the clinicopathological features of HCC patients. The prognostic data were combined to analyse the relationship between RIPK4 and HCC patient survival and tumour recurrence. We found that the expression level of RIPK4 in nontumour tissues was significantly higher than that in tumour tissues, and the level of RIPK4 was significantly positively correlated with postoperative survival and recurrence in HCC patients. Further, our study found that RIPK4 inhibits the progression of HCC by influencing the invasion and metastasis of HCC and that overexpression of RIPK4 reduces the invasion and metastasis of HCC by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the STAT3 pathway. In in vivo experiments, overexpression of RIPK4 stably inhibited HCC metastasis. To summarize, our research revealed the relationship between RIPK4 and the prognosis of patients with HCC. We discovered that RIPK4 affects the invasion and metastasis of HCC through the EMT and STAT3 pathways. Targeted inhibition of the RIPK4 gene and the STAT3 pathway may be potential therapeutic strategies for inhibiting the postoperative recurrence and metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dingan Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lakshmi Huttad
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youpeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunfeng Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Ren J, Sun P, Wang Y, Cao R, Zhang W. Construction and validation of a nomogram for patients with skin cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24489. [PMID: 33530267 PMCID: PMC7850664 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is a common malignant tumor in human beings. At present, the construction of clinical prediction models mainly focuses on malignant melanoma and no researchers have constructed clinical prediction models for all kind of skin cancer to predict the prognosis of skin cancer. We used patient data collected from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program database to construct and validate our model for clinical prediction of skin cancer, hoping to provide a reference for clinical treatment of skin cancer.R software was used for univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of variables to screen out factors that have an impact on the survival of skin cancer patients. Then the prognostic model of skin cancer patients was constructed and the nomogram was drawn. Concordance Index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the clinical prediction model.A total of 3180 skin cancer patients were included in this study. We constructed nomogram, a 3-year and 5-year clinical prediction model for skin cancer patients. We used C-index to evaluate the accuracy of nomogram model, and the result of C-index was 0.728, 95%CI (0.703-0.753). The nomogram model was evaluated by ROC curve. The area under the curve values of the ROC curve for 3-year survival rate and 5-year survival rate were 0.732 and 0.768 respectively. The model calibration diagram of the modeling group also shows that the model exhibits high accuracy.The nomogram model of postoperative survival of patients with skin cancer, based on the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program database of patients with skin cancer, has shown good stability and accuracy in multi-method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhen Ren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
| | | | - Yanjin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
| | - Rui Cao
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
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Xu J, Wei Q, He Z. Insight Into the Function of RIPK4 in Keratinocyte Differentiation and Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1562. [PMID: 32923402 PMCID: PMC7457045 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 (RIPK4), a member of the RIPK family, was originally described as an interaction partner of protein kinase C (PKC) β and PKCδ. RIPK4 is identified as a key regulator of keratinocyte differentiation, cutaneous inflammation, and cutaneous wound repair. The mechanism by which RIPK4 integrates upstream signals to initiate specific responses remains elusive. Previous studies have indicated that RIPK4 can regulate several signaling pathways, including the NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. Furthermore, RIPK4-related biological signaling pathways interact with each other to form a complex network. Mounting evidence suggests that RIPK4 is aberrantly expressed in various kinds of cancers. In several types of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the mutations that drive aggressive SCC have been found in RIPK4. In addition, the function of RIPK4 in carcinogenesis is probably tissue-specific, since RIPK4 can play a dual role as both a tumor promoter and a tumor suppressor in different tumor types. Therefore, RIPK4 may represent as an independent prognostic factor and a promising novel therapeutic target, which can be used to identify the risks of patients and guide personalized treatments. In future, RIPK4-interacting pathways and precise molecular targets need to be investigated in order to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying epidermal differentiation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhixing He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Chang C, Xi L, Zhang J, Zhao W, Liu Z, Guo J, Xu C. Roles of Cyclin A, Myc, Jun and Ppm1l in tumourigenic transformation of NIH3T3 cell. J Genet 2018; 97:1155-1168. [PMID: 30555065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To analyse the mechanism of tumourigenic transformation of NIH3T3 cells at the transcriptional level, we used cancerogen 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) and cancerogenic substance phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) to transform NIH3T3 cells and the assessment of transformation was performed using Giemsa staining and methylcellulose colony formation assay. Changes in gene expression profile were detected by Mouse Genome 430 2.0 microarray; and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to verify the expression changes of mRNAs and proteins, respectively. With the aid of bioinformatics method, five signalling pathways were identified to participate in different stages of NIH3T3 cell transformation. Further, our study suggested that oncogenes Cyclin A, Myc, Jun and the tumour suppressor gene Ppm1l may play important roles in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China.
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Tanghe G, Urwyler-Rösselet C, De Groote P, Dejardin E, De Bock PJ, Gevaert K, Vandenabeele P, Declercq W. RIPK4 activity in keratinocytes is controlled by the SCF β-TrCP ubiquitin ligase to maintain cortical actin organization. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2827-2841. [PMID: 29435596 PMCID: PMC11105318 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RIPK4 is a key player in epidermal differentiation and barrier formation. RIPK4 signaling pathways controlling keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation depend on its kinase activity leading to Dvl2, Pkp1 and IRF6 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. However, the mechanism regulating RIPK4 activity levels remains elusive. We show that cultured keratinocytes display constitutive active phosphorylated RIPK4 while PKC signaling can trigger RIPK4 activation in various non-keratinocyte cell lines, in which RIPK4 is present in a non-phosphorylated state. Interestingly, we identified the SCFβ-TrCP ubiquitin E3 ligase complex responsible for regulating the active RIPK4 protein level. The SCFβ-TrCP complex binds to a conserved phosphodegron motif in the intermediate domain of RIPK4, subsequently leading to K48-linked ubiquitinylation and degradation. The recruitment of β-TrCP is dependent on RIPK4 activation and trans-autophosphorylation. β-TrCP knock-down resulted in RIPK4-dependent formation of actin stress fibers, cell scattering and increased cell motility, suggesting that tight control of RIPK4 activity levels is crucial to maintain cell shape and behavior in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel Tanghe
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Corinne Urwyler-Rösselet
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe De Groote
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Dejardin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan De Bock
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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