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Munteanu C, Berindean I, Mihai M, Pop B, Popa M, Muntean L, Petrescu O, Ona A. E, K, B5, B6, and B9 vitamins and their specific immunological effects evaluated by flow cytometry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1089476. [PMID: 36687400 PMCID: PMC9849766 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1089476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that vitamins play an essential role in preventing certain diseases since ancient times. It is thus fruitless to approach the roles of vitamins without making reference to the techniques used in evaluating the effects of these micronutrients. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to summarize the immunological effects of E, K, B5, B6, and B9 vitamins evaluated by flow cytometry. Some of these significant effects were presented and discussed: (a) The role of vitamins E in the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer. (b) The properties of K vitamins in the development and maintenance of pheochromocytoma Cell Line 12 (PC12) cells in Parkinson's disease; (c) The improvement effect of vitamin B5 on the loss of bone mass in low estrogen conditions; (d) The anticancer role of vitamins B6. (e) The role of Vitamin B9 in the regulation of Treg cells. As such, the flow cytometry technique used to assess these properties is essential to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of certain vitamins. The technique undergoes constant improvement which makes it possible to determine several parameters with a role in the modulation of the immune function and at the same time increase the accuracy of the methods that highlight them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindean
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Mihai
- Department of Transversal Competencies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Pop
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Popa
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leon Muntean
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olivia Petrescu
- Department of Applied Modern Languages, Faculty of Letters, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Ona
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,*Correspondence: Andreea Ona,
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D’Souza EE, Vyas R, Sisitsky M, Feldman HA, Gagoski B, Litt J, Larsen RJ, Kuchan MJ, Lasekan JB, Sutton BP, Grant PE, Ou Y, Morton SU. Increased Breastfeeding Proportion Is Associated with Improved Gross Motor Skills at 3-5 Years of Age: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:2215. [PMID: 35684014 PMCID: PMC9182886 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastmilk provides key nutrients and bio-active factors that contribute to infant neurodevelopment. Optimizing maternal nutrition could provide further benefit to psychomotor outcomes. Our observational cohort pilot study aims to determine if breastfeeding extent and breastmilk nutrients correlate with psychomotor outcomes at school age. The breastfeeding proportion at 3 months of age and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3-5 years of age were recorded for 33 typically developing newborns born after uncomplicated pregnancies. The association between categorical breastfeeding proportion and neurodevelopmental outcome scores was determined for the cohort using a Spearman correlation with and without the inclusion of parental factors. Vitamin E and carotenoid levels were determined in breastmilk samples from 14 of the mothers. After the inclusion of parental education and income as covariates, motor skill scores positively correlated with breastmilk contents of α-tocopherol (Spearman coefficient 0.88, p-value = 0.02), translutein (0.98, p-value = 0.0007), total lutein (0.92, p-value = 0.01), and zeaxanthin (0.93, p-value = 0.0068). Problem solving skills negatively correlated with the levels of the RSR enantiomer of α-tocopherol (-0.86, p-value = 0.03). Overall, higher exposure to breastfeeding was associated with improved gross motor and problem-solving skills at 3-5 years of age. The potential of α-tocopherol, lutein, and zeaxanthin intake to provide neurodevelopmental benefit is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica E. D’Souza
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Michaela Sisitsky
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Henry A. Feldman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Litt
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ryan J. Larsen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.J.L.); (B.P.S.)
| | | | - John B. Lasekan
- Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (M.J.K.); (J.B.L.)
| | - Brad P. Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.J.L.); (B.P.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Patricia Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Dietary share of ultra-processed foods and its association with vitamin E biomarkers in Brazilian lactating women. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1224-1231. [PMID: 34103111 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence showing that the intake of ultra-processed food has a negative impact on health, diet quality and dietary vitamin E, its impact on vitamin E nutritional status and breast milk remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of the consumption of ultra-processed foods on vitamin E biomarkers of lactating women. A cross-sectional study was performed with 294 lactating women. Food consumption was obtained by 24-h dietary recall, and foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification. Levels of α-tocopherol were analysed by HPLC. Breast milk vitamin E (BMVE) adequacy was based on the quantity of the vitamin in the estimated intake volume. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the tertiles and linear regression to association between ultra-processed food consumption and biomarkers. Ultra-processed foods accounted for 16 % of energy intake and vitamin E intakes by all women were considered low. Serum α-tocopherol was 26·55 (sd 7·98) µmol/l, 5 % (n 11) showed inadequate vitamin E (< 12 µmol/l) and 78 % had an inadequate BMVE content (< 4 mg/780 ml). The regression showed that a higher dietary share of ultra-processed foods was associated with lower concentrations of serum α-tocopherol (β = –0·168, 95 % CI –0·047, 0·010, P = 0·003) and inadequate BMVE content (β = –0·144, 95 % CI = –0·505, 0·063, P = 0·012) (adjustment for income and maternal age). Thus, higher dietary shares of ultra-processed foods had an impact on vitamin E biomarkers, suggesting that inadequate dietary intake practices during lactation may reduce the supply of vitamin E to women and breast milk.
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Rhodes JS, Rendeiro C, Mun JG, Du K, Thaman P, Snyder A, Pinardo H, Drnevich J, Chandrasekaran S, Lai CS, Schimpf KJ, Kuchan MJ. Brain α-Tocopherol Concentration and Stereoisomer Profile Alter Hippocampal Gene Expression in Weanling Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:3075-3085. [PMID: 32937657 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-tocopherol (αT), the bioactive constituent of vitamin E, is essential for fertility and neurological development. Synthetic αT (8 stereoisomers; all rac-αT) is added to infant formula at higher concentrations than natural αT (RRR-αT only) to adjust for bio-potency differences, but its effects on brain development are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine the impact of bio-potency-adjusted dietary all rac-αT versus RRR-αT, fed to dams, on the hippocampal gene expression in weanling mice. METHODS Male/female pairs of C57BL/6J mice were fed AIN 93-G containing RRR-αT (NAT) or all rac-αT (SYN) at 37.5 or 75 IU/kg (n = 10/group) throughout gestation and lactation. Male pups were euthanized at 21 days. Half the brain was evaluated for the αT concentration and stereoisomer distribution. The hippocampus was dissected from the other half, and RNA was extracted and sequenced. Milk αT was analyzed in separate dams. RESULTS A total of 797 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the hippocampi across the 4 dietary groups, at a false discovery rate of 10%. Comparing the NAT-37.5 group to the NAT-75 group or the SYN-37.5 group to the SYN-75 group, small differences in brain αT concentrations (10%; P < 0.05) led to subtle changes (<10%) in gene expression of 600 (NAT) or 487 genes (SYN), which were statistically significant. Marked differences in brain αT stereoisomer profiles (P < 0.0001) had a small effect on fewer genes (NAT-37.5 vs. SYN-37.5, 179; NAT-75 vs. SYN-75, 182). Most of the DEGs were involved in transcription regulation and synapse formation. A network analysis constructed around known vitamin E interacting proteins (VIPs) revealed a group of 32 DEGs between NAT-37.5 vs. SYN-37.5, explained by expression of the gene for the VIP, protein kinase C zeta (Pkcz). CONCLUSIONS In weanling mouse hippocampi, a network of genes involved in transcription regulation and synapse formation was differentially affected by dam diet αT concentration and source: all rac-αT or RRR-αT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Rhodes
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan G Mun
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristy Du
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Pragya Thaman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Amanda Snyder
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Heinrich Pinardo
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- High Performance Biological Computing and the Roy J Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Sriram Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chron-Si Lai
- Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Kuchan
- Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Ranard KM, Kuchan MJ, Erdman JW. Breeder Diet Strategies for Generating Ttpa-Null and Wild-Type Mice with Low Vitamin E Status to Assess Neurological Outcomes. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa155. [PMID: 33173842 PMCID: PMC7609157 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying vitamin E [α-tocopherol (α-T)] metabolism and function in the brain and other tissues requires an animal model with low α-T status, such as the transgenic α-T transfer protein (Ttpa)-null (Ttpa - / -) mouse model. Ttpa + / - dams can be used to produce Ttpa - / - and Ttpa+/+ mice for these studies. However, the α-T content in Ttpa + / - dams' diet requires optimization; diets must provide sufficient α-T for reproduction, while minimizing the transfer of α-T to the offspring destined for future studies that require low baseline α-T status. The goal of this work was to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of 2 breeding diet strategies on reproduction outcomes and offspring brain α-T concentrations. These findings will help standardize the breeding methodology used to generate the Ttpa - / - mice for neurological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ranard
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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6
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Kuchan MJ, Ranard KM, Dey P, Jeon S, Sasaki GY, Schimpf KJ, Bruno RS, Neuringer M, Erdman JW. Infant Rhesus Macaque Brain α-Tocopherol Stereoisomer Profile Is Differentially Impacted by the Source of α-Tocopherol in Infant Formula. J Nutr 2020; 150:2305-2313. [PMID: 32614402 PMCID: PMC7467853 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Tocopherol (αT) in its natural form [2'R, 4'R, 8'R αT (RRR-αT)] is more bioactive than synthetic α-tocopherol (all rac-αT). All rac-αT is widely used in infant formulas, but its accretion in formula-fed infant brain is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare αT and stereoisomer status in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) fed infant formula (RRR-αT or all rac-αT) with a reference group fed a mixed diet of breast milk and maternal diet. METHODS From 1 d after birth until 6 mo of age, infants (n = 23) were either nursery reared and exclusively fed 1 of 2 formulas by staff personnel or were community housed with their mothers and consumed a mixed reference diet of breast milk (69 mL/d at 6 mo) transitioning to monkey diet at ∼2 mo (MF; n = 8). Formulas contained either 21 μmol RRR-αT/L (NAT-F; n = 8) or 30 μmol all rac-αT/L (SYN-F; n = 7). Total αT and αT stereoisomers were analyzed in breast milk at 2, 4, and 6 mo and in monkey plasma and liver and 6 brain regions at 6 mo of age. α-Tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), lipoprotein αT, and urinary α-carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman (α-CEHC) were measured. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test was used for analysis. RESULTS At study termination, plasma, liver, lipoprotein, and brain total αT did not differ between groups. However, the NAT-F-fed group had higher RRR-αT than the SYN-F-fed group (P < 0.01) and the MF group (P < 0.0001) in plasma (1.7- and 2.7-fold) and brain (1.5- and 2.5-fold). Synthetic αT 2R stereoisomers (SYNTH-2R) were generally 3- and 7-fold lower in brain regions of the NAT-F group compared with those of the SYN-F and MF groups (P < 0.05). SYNTH-2R stereoisomers were 2-fold higher in MF than SYN-F (P < 0.0001). The plasma percentage of SYNTH-2R was negatively correlated with the brain percentage of RRR-αT (r = -0.99, P < 0.0001). Brain αT profiles were not explained by α-TTP mRNA or protein expression. Urine α-CEHC was 3 times higher in the NAT-F than in the MF group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of infant formulas with natural (NAT-F) compared with synthetic (SYN-F) αT differentially impacted brain αT stereoisomer profiles in infant rhesus macaques. Future studies should assess the functional implications of αT stereoisomer profiles on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine M Ranard
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Geoff Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Martha Neuringer
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR,Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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