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Gelderloos AT, Lakerveld AJ, Schepp RM, Nicolaie MA, van Beek J, Beckers L, van Binnendijk RS, Rots NY, van Kasteren PB. Primary SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults results in similar Fc-mediated antibody effector function patterns. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1521. [PMID: 39071109 PMCID: PMC11273100 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Increasing evidence suggests that Fc-mediated antibody effector functions have an important role in protection against respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. However, limited data are available on the potential differences in the development, heterogeneity and durability of these responses in children compared to adults. Methods Here, we assessed the development of spike S1-specific serum antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement deposition (ADCD) and natural killer cell activation (ADNKA), alongside specific antibody binding concentrations (IgG, IgA and IgM) and IgG avidity in healthy adults (n = 38, 18-56 years) and children (n = 21, 5-16 years) following primary SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a 10-month longitudinal follow-up. Differences between groups were assessed using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons test. Results We found similar (functional) antibody responses in children compared to adults, with a tendency for increased durability in children, which was statistically significant for ADCD (P < 0.05). While ADNKA was strongly reduced in both adults (P < 0.001) and children (P < 0.05) at the latest time point, ADCP remained relatively stable over time, possibly relating to an increase in avidity of the spike-specific antibodies (P < 0.001). Finally, the ADNKA capacity relative to antibody concentration appeared to decrease over time in both children and adults. Conclusion In conclusion, our data provide novel insights into the development of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody Fc-mediated effector functions in children and adults. An increased understanding of these characteristics in specific age populations is valuable for the future design of novel and improved vaccination strategies for respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne T Gelderloos
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Anke J Lakerveld
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Rutger M Schepp
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Mioara Alina Nicolaie
- Department of Statistics, Information Technology and Modelling (SIM)National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Robert S van Binnendijk
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Nynke Y Rots
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Puck B van Kasteren
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
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Anderson LJ, Jadhao SJ, Hussaini L, Ha B, McCracken CE, Gibson T, Yildirim I, Yi J, Stephens K, Korski C, Kao C, Sun H, Lee CY, Jaunarajs A, Rostad CA, Anderson EJ. Development and comparison of immunologic assays to detect primary RSV infections in infants. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1332772. [PMID: 38283339 PMCID: PMC10811012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines have been developed and licensed for elderly adults and pregnant women but not yet for infants and young children. The RSV immune state of the young child, i.e., previously RSV infected or not, is important to the conduct and interpretation of epidemiology studies and vaccine clinical trials. To address the need for sensitive assays to detect immunologic evidence of past infection, we developed, characterized, and evaluated 7 assays including 4 IgG antibody enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), two neutralizing antibody assays, and an IFN-γ EliSpot (EliSpot) assay. The four IgG EIAs used a subgroup A plus subgroup B RSV-infected Hep-2 cell lysate antigen (Lysate), an expressed RSV F protein antigen (F), an expressed subgroup A G protein antigen (Ga), or an expressed subgroup B G protein (Gb) antigen. The two neutralizing antibody assays used either a subgroup A or a subgroup B RSV strain. The EliSpot assay used a sucrose cushion purified combination of subgroup A and subgroup B infected cell lysate. All seven assays had acceptable repeatability, signal against control antigen, lower limit of detection, and, for the antibody assays, effect of red cell lysis, lipemia and anticoagulation of sample on results. In 44 sera collected from children >6 months after an RSV positive illness, the lysate, F, Ga and Gb IgG EIAs, and the subgroup A and B neutralizing antibody assays, and the EliSpot assays were positive in 100%, 100%, 86%, 95%, 43%, and 57%, respectively. The Lysate and F EIAs were most sensitive for detecting RSV antibody in young children with a documented RSV infection. Unexpectedly, the EliSpot assay was positive in 9/15 (60%) of PBMC specimens from infants not exposed to an RSV season, possibly from maternal microchimerism. The Lysate and F EIAs provide good options to reliably detect RSV antibodies in young children for epidemiologic studies and vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samadhan J Jadhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Laila Hussaini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Binh Ha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Courtney E McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Theda Gibson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Inci Yildirim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jumi Yi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kathy Stephens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chelsea Korski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carol Kao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Heying Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chun Yi Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Christina A Rostad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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