1
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Cevirgel A, Vos M, Holtrop AF, Beckers L, Reukers DFM, Meijer A, Rots N, van Beek J, van Baarle D, de Wit J. Delineating immune variation between adult and children COVID-19 cases and associations with disease severity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5090. [PMID: 38429462 PMCID: PMC10907598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emphasized the need to explore how variations in the immune system relate to the severity of the disease. This study aimed to explore inter-individual variation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection by comparing T cell, B cell, and innate cell immune subsets among primary infected children and adults (i.e., those who had never experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection nor received vaccination previously), with varying disease severity after infection. We also examined immune subset kinetics in convalescent individuals compared to those with persistent infection to identify possible markers of immune dysfunction. Distinct immune subset differences were observed between infected adults and children, as well as among adult cases with mild, moderate, and severe disease. IgM memory B cells were absent in moderate and severe cases whereas frequencies of B cells with a lack of surface immunoglobulin expression were significantly higher in severe cases. Interestingly, these immune subsets remained stable during recovery implying that these subsets could be associated with underlying baseline immune variation. Our results offer insights into the potential immune markers associated with severe COVID-19 and provide a foundation for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Cevirgel
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Floor Holtrop
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne F M Reukers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Meijer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Virology and Immunology Research Group, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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2
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Beckers L, Baeten P, Popescu V, Swinnen D, Cardilli A, Hamad I, Van Wijmeersch B, Tavernier SJ, Kleinewietfeld M, Broux B, Fraussen J, Somers V. Alterations in the innate and adaptive immune system in a real-world cohort of multiple sclerosis patients treated with ocrelizumab. Clin Immunol 2024; 259:109894. [PMID: 38185268 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
B cell depletion by the anti-CD20 antibody ocrelizumab is effective in relapsing-remitting (RR) and primary progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated immunological changes in peripheral blood of a real-world MS cohort after 6 and 12 months of ocrelizumab. All RRMS and most PPMS patients (15/20) showed treatment response. Ocrelizumab not only reduced CD20+ B cells, but also numbers of CD20+ T cells. Absolute numbers of monocytes, dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells were increased, while CD56hi natural killer cells were reduced after ocrelizumab. The residual B cell population shifted towards transitional and activated, IgA+ switched memory B cells, double negative B cells, and antibody-secreting cells. Delaying the treatment interval by 2-3 months increased mean B cell frequencies and enhanced naive B cell repopulation. Ocrelizumab reduced plasma levels of interleukin(IL)-12p70 and interferon(IFN)-α2. These findings will contribute to understanding ineffective treatment responses, dealing with life-threatening infections and further unravelling MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beckers
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - P Baeten
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - V Popescu
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Noorderhart, Rehabilitation and MS Center, Pelt, Belgium
| | - D Swinnen
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - A Cardilli
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - I Hamad
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - B Van Wijmeersch
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Noorderhart, Rehabilitation and MS Center, Pelt, Belgium
| | - S J Tavernier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Kleinewietfeld
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - B Broux
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - J Fraussen
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - V Somers
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
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3
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Cevirgel A, Shetty SA, Vos M, Nanlohy NM, Beckers L, Bijvank E, Rots N, van Beek J, Buisman A, van Baarle D. Pre-vaccination immunotypes reveal weak and robust antibody responders to influenza vaccination. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14048. [PMID: 38146131 PMCID: PMC10861208 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective vaccine-induced immune responses are particularly essential in older adults who face an increased risk of immunosenescence. However, the complexity and variability of the human immune system make predicting vaccine responsiveness challenging. To address this knowledge gap, our study aimed to characterize immune profiles that are predictive of vaccine responsiveness using "immunotypes" as an innovative approach. We analyzed an extensive set of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in the whole blood of 307 individuals (aged 25-92) pre- and post-influenza vaccination which we associated with day 28 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers. Building on our previous work that stratified individuals into nine immunotypes based on immune cell subsets, we identified two pre-vaccination immunotypes associated with weak and one showing robust day 28 antibody response. Notably, the weak responders demonstrated HLA-DR+ T-cell signatures, while the robust responders displayed a high naïve-to-memory T-cell ratio and percentage of nonclassical monocytes. These specific signatures deepen our understanding of the relationship between the baseline of the immune system and its functional potential. This approach could enhance our ability to identify individuals at risk of immunosenescence. Our findings highlight the potential of pre-vaccination immunotypes as an innovative tool for informing personalized vaccination strategies and improving health outcomes, particularly for aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Cevirgel
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Virology and Immunology research groupUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sudarshan A. Shetty
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Virology and Immunology research groupUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Nening M. Nanlohy
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Elske Bijvank
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Anne‐Marie Buisman
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Virology and Immunology research groupUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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4
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Verheul MK, Vos M, de Rond L, De Zeeuw-Brouwer ML, Nijhof KH, Smit D, Oomen D, Molenaar P, Bogaard M, van Bergen R, Middelhof I, Beckers L, Wijmenga-Monsuur AJ, Buisman AM, Boer MC, van Binnendijk R, de Wit J, Guichelaar T. Contribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection preceding COVID-19 mRNA vaccination to generation of cellular and humoral immune responses in children. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1327875. [PMID: 38193077 PMCID: PMC10773747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary COVID-19 vaccination for children, 5-17 years of age, was offered in the Netherlands at a time when a substantial part of this population had already experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection. While vaccination has been shown effective, underlying immune responses have not been extensively studied. We studied immune responsiveness to one and/or two doses of primary BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination and compared the humoral and cellular immune response in children with and without a preceding infection. Antibodies targeting the original SARS-CoV-2 Spike or Omicron Spike were measured by multiplex immunoassay. B-cell and T-cell responses were investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assays. The activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was studied by flowcytometry. Primary vaccination induced both a humoral and cellular adaptive response in naive children. These responses were stronger in those with a history of infection prior to vaccination. A second vaccine dose did not further boost antibody levels in those who previously experienced an infection. Infection-induced responsiveness prior to vaccination was mainly detected in CD8+ T cells, while vaccine-induced T-cell responses were mostly by CD4+ T cells. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination enhances adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses to primary COVID-19 vaccination in children. As most children are now expected to contract infection before the age of five, the impact of infection-induced immunity in children is of high relevance. Therefore, considering natural infection as a priming immunogen that enhances subsequent vaccine-responsiveness may help decision-making on the number and timing of vaccine doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Teun Guichelaar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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5
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Verheul MK, Nijhof KH, de Zeeuw-Brouwer ML, Duijm G, Ten Hulscher H, de Rond L, Beckers L, Eggink D, van Tol S, Reimerink J, Boer M, van Beek J, Rots N, van Binnendijk R, Buisman AM. Booster Immunization Improves Memory B Cell Responses in Older Adults Unresponsive to Primary SARS-CoV-2 Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1196. [PMID: 37515012 PMCID: PMC10384172 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of a specific long-term immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is considered important for protection against COVID-19 infection and disease. Memory B cells, responsible for the generation of antibody-producing plasmablasts upon a new antigen encounter, play an important role in this process. Therefore, the induction of memory B cell responses after primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 immunizations was investigated in the general population with an emphasis on older adults. Participants, 20-99 years of age, due to receive the mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were included in the current study. Specific memory B cells were determined by ex vivo ELISpot assays. In a subset of participants, antibody levels, avidity, and virus neutralization capacity were compared to memory B cell responses. Memory B cells specific for both Spike S1 and receptor-binding domain (RBD) were detected in the majority of participants following the primary immunization series. However, a proportion of predominantly older adults showed low frequencies of specific memory B cells. Booster vaccination resulted in a large increase in the frequencies of S1- and RBD-specific memory B cells also for those in which low memory B cell frequencies were detected after the primary series. These data show that booster immunization is important for the generation of a memory B cell response, as a subset of older adults shows a suboptimal response to the primary SARS-CoV-2 immunization series. It is anticipated that these memory B cells will play a significant role in the immune response following viral re-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije K Verheul
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kim H Nijhof
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mary-Lène de Zeeuw-Brouwer
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Geraly Duijm
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hinke Ten Hulscher
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lia de Rond
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van Tol
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mardi Boer
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Cevirgel A, Shetty SA, Vos M, Nanlohy NM, Beckers L, Bijvank E, Rots N, van Beek J, Buisman A, van Baarle D. Identification of aging-associated immunotypes and immune stability as indicators of post-vaccination immune activation. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13703. [PMID: 36081314 PMCID: PMC9577949 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence describes immune dysfunction observed in older individuals. To identify individuals at-risk for immune dysfunction, it is crucial to understand the diverse immune phenotypes and their intrinsic functional capabilities. We investigated immune cell subsets and variation in the aging population. We observed that inter-individual immune variation was associated with age and cytomegalovirus seropositivity. Based on the similarities of immune subset composition among individuals, we identified nine immunotypes that displayed different aging-associated immune signatures, which explained inter-individual variation better than age. Additionally, we correlated the immune subset composition of individuals over approximately a year as a measure of stability of immune parameters. Immune stability was significantly lower in immunotypes that contained aging-associated immune subsets and correlated with a circulating CD38 + CD4+ T follicular helper cell increase 7 days after influenza vaccination. In conclusion, immune stability is a feature of immunotypes and could be a potential indicator of post-vaccination cellular kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Cevirgel
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection preventionVirology and Immunology Research GroupUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sudarshan A. Shetty
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection preventionVirology and Immunology Research GroupUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Nening M. Nanlohy
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Elske Bijvank
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Anne‐Marie Buisman
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection preventionVirology and Immunology Research GroupUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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7
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van den Hoogen LL, Boer M, Postema A, de Rond L, de Zeeuw-Brouwer ML, Pronk I, Wijmenga-Monsuur AJ, Bijvank E, Kruiper C, Beckers L, Maurik MBV, Zutt I, van Vliet J, van Bergen R, Kuijer M, Smits G, Verschuren WMM, Picavet HSJ, van der Klis FRM, den Hartog G, van Binnendijk RS, Buisman AM. Reduced Antibody Acquisition with Increasing Age following Vaccination with BNT162b2: Results from Two Longitudinal Cohort Studies in The Netherlands. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091480. [PMID: 36146557 PMCID: PMC9504637 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced protection against severe COVID-19, hospitalization, and death is of the utmost importance, especially in the elderly. However, limited data are available on humoral immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination in the general population across a broad age range. We performed an integrated analysis of the effect of age, sex, and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on Spike S1-specific (S1) IgG concentrations up to three months post-BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech; Comirnaty) vaccination. In total, 1735 persons, eligible for COVID-19 vaccination through the national program, were recruited from the general population (12 to 92 years old). Sixty percent were female, and the median vaccination interval was 35 days (interquartile range, IQR: 35−35). All participants had seroconverted to S1 one month after two vaccine doses. S1 IgG was higher in participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (median: 4535 BAU/mL, IQR: 2341−7205) compared to infection-naive persons (1842 BAU/mL, 1019−3116), p < 0.001. In infection-naive persons, linear mixed effects regression showed a strong negative association between age and S1 IgG (p < 0.001) across the entire age range. Females had higher S1 IgG than males (p < 0.001). In persons with an infection history, age nor sex was associated with S1 IgG concentrations. The lower magnitude of S1 antibodies in older persons following COVID-19 vaccination will affect long-term protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Leonie van den Hoogen
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Mardi Boer
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abigail Postema
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lia de Rond
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mary-lène de Zeeuw-Brouwer
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Pronk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alienke Jentien Wijmenga-Monsuur
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elske Bijvank
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Caitlyn Kruiper
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Bogaard-van Maurik
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Zutt
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey van Vliet
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne van Bergen
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Kuijer
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby Smits
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W. M. Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H. Susan J. Picavet
- Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona Regina Maria van der Klis
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Samuel van Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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8
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Kaaijk P, Olivo Pimentel V, Emmelot ME, Poelen MCM, Cevirgel A, Schepp RM, den Hartog G, Reukers DFM, Beckers L, van Beek J, van Els CACM, Meijer A, Rots NY, de Wit J. Corrigendum: Children and Adults With Mild COVID-19: Dynamics of the Memory T Cell Response Up to 10 Months. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893720. [PMID: 35572580 PMCID: PMC9102976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kaaijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Patricia Kaaijk,
| | - Verónica Olivo Pimentel
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Maarten E. Emmelot
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Martien C. M. Poelen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Alper Cevirgel
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rutger M. Schepp
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Daphne F. M. Reukers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Cécile A. C. M. van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Adam Meijer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Nynke Y. Rots
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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9
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Kaaijk P, Olivo Pimentel V, Emmelot ME, Poelen MCM, Cevirgel A, Schepp RM, den Hartog G, Reukers DF, Beckers L, van Beek J, van Els CACM, Meijer A, Rots NY, de Wit J. Children and Adults With Mild COVID-19: Dynamics of the Memory T Cell Response up to 10 Months. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817876. [PMID: 35197982 PMCID: PMC8858984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to considerable morbidity/mortality worldwide, but most infections, especially among children, have a mild course. However, it remains largely unknown whether infected children develop cellular immune memory.MethodsTo determine whether a memory T cell response is being developed, we performed a longitudinal assessment of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response by IFN-γ ELISPOT and activation marker analyses of peripheral blood samples from unvaccinated children and adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19.ResultsUpon stimulation of PBMCs with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or overlapping peptides of spike (S-SARS-CoV-2) and nucleocapsid proteins, we found S-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ T cell responses in infected children (83%) and adults (100%) that were absent in unexposed controls. Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were higher in infected adults, especially in those with moderate symptoms, compared to infected children. The S-SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ T cell response correlated with S1-SARS-CoV-2-specific serum antibody concentrations. Predominantly, effector memory CD4+ T cells of a Th1 phenotype were activated upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were significantly reduced at 10 months after symptom onset, while S1-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG concentrations were still detectable in 90% of all children and adults.ConclusionsOur data indicate that an antigen-specific T cell and antibody response is developed after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults. It remains to be elucidated to what extent this SARS-CoV-2-specific response can contribute to an effective recall response after reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kaaijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Patricia Kaaijk,
| | - Verónica Olivo Pimentel
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Maarten E. Emmelot
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Martien C. M. Poelen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Alper Cevirgel
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rutger M. Schepp
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Daphne F.M. Reukers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Cécile A. C. M. van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Adam Meijer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Nynke Y. Rots
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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10
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Lambert EE, van Twillert I, Beckers L, Poelen MCM, Han WGH, Pieren DKJ, van Els CACM. Reduced Bordetella pertussis-specific CD4+ T-Cell Responses at Older Age. Front Aging 2022; 2:737870. [PMID: 35822011 PMCID: PMC9261443 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.737870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis, a human-specific respiratory infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis (Bp), remains endemic with epidemic years despite high vaccination coverage. Whereas pertussis vaccines and natural infection with Bp confer immune protection, the duration of protection varies and is not lifelong. Recent evidence indicates a considerable underestimation of the pertussis burden among older adults. Whereas the impact of increasing age on Bp-specific humoral immunity has been demonstrated, little is known on immunosenescence of CD4+ T-cell responses in the context of Bp. Here, we aimed to address whether increasing age impacts responsiveness of the Bp-specific CD4+ T-cells in the memory pool following a clinically symptomatic pertussis infection in whole cell vaccine-primed pediatric and adult cases. Cytokine and proliferative responses and phenotypical profiles of CD4+ T cells specific for Bp antigens at an early and late convalescent timepoint were compared. Responses of various Th cytokines, including IFNγ, were significantly lower in older adults at early and late timepoints post diagnosis. In addition, we found lower frequencies of Bp-specific proliferated CD4+ T cells in older adults, in the absence of differences in replication profile. Phenotyping of Bp-specific CD4+ T cells suggested reduced expression of activation markers rather than increased expression of co-inhibitory markers. Altogether, our findings show that the magnitude and functionality of the Bp-specific memory CD4+ T-cell pool decrease at older age. Declined CD4+ T-cell responsiveness to Bp is suggested to contribute to the burden of pertussis in older adults.
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11
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van den Berg SPH, Derksen LY, Drylewicz J, Nanlohy NM, Beckers L, Lanfermeijer J, Gessel SN, Vos M, Otto SA, de Boer RJ, Tesselaar K, Borghans JAM, van Baarle D. Quantification of T-cell dynamics during latent cytomegalovirus infection in humans. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010152. [PMID: 34914799 PMCID: PMC8717968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a major impact on the T-cell pool, which is thought to be associated with ageing of the immune system. The effect on the T-cell pool has been interpreted as an effect of CMV on non-CMV specific T-cells. However, it remains unclear whether the effect of CMV could simply be explained by the presence of large, immunodominant, CMV-specific memory CD8+ T-cell populations. These have been suggested to establish through gradual accumulation of long-lived cells. However, little is known about their maintenance. We investigated the effect of CMV infection on T-cell dynamics in healthy older adults, and aimed to unravel the mechanisms of maintenance of large numbers of CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells. We studied the expression of senescence, proliferation, and apoptosis markers and quantified the in vivo dynamics of CMV-specific and other memory T-cell populations using in vivo deuterium labelling. Increased expression of late-stage differentiation markers by CD8+ T-cells of CMV+ versus CMV- individuals was not solely explained by the presence of large, immunodominant CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell populations. The lifespans of circulating CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells did not differ significantly from those of bulk memory CD8+ T-cells, and the lifespans of bulk memory CD8+ T-cells did not differ significantly between CMV- and CMV+ individuals. Memory CD4+ T-cells of CMV+ individuals showed increased expression of late-stage differentiation markers and decreased Ki-67 expression. Overall, the expression of senescence markers on T-cell populations correlated positively with their expected in vivo lifespan. Together, this work suggests that i) large, immunodominant CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell populations do not explain the phenotypical differences between CMV+ and CMV- individuals, ii) CMV infection hardly affects the dynamics of the T-cell pool, and iii) large numbers of CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells are not due to longer lifespans of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P. H. van den Berg
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lyanne Y. Derksen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Drylewicz
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nening M. Nanlohy
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Josien Lanfermeijer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie N. Gessel
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sigrid A. Otto
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J. de Boer
- Theoretical Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - José A. M. Borghans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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12
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Willemsen L, Neele A, Prange K, Roomen C, Bruinenberg DAL, Den Toom M, Griffith G, Chen HJ, Beckers L, Bosmans L, Binder C, Van Leeuwen F, Jacobs H, De Winther M. Histone methyltransferase DOT1L regulates macrophage inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Van den Borre C, Rinaldi M, De Neef B, Loomans NAJ, Nout E, Van Doorne L, Naert I, Politis C, Schouten H, Klomp G, Beckers L, Freilich MM, Mommaerts MY. Patient- and clinician-reported outcomes for the additively manufactured sub-periosteal jaw implant (AMSJI) in the maxilla: a prospective multicentre one-year follow-up study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:243-250. [PMID: 34074574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical outcomes of maxillary rehabilitation with the additively manufactured sub-periosteal jaw implant (AMSJI; CADskills BV) were evaluated in edentulous patients with a Cawood-Howell atrophy classification ≥5 in all regions of the maxilla. Fifteen consecutive patients were included in the study and followed up for 1 year. They were interviewed using a survey protocol and were examined clinically and radiographically preoperatively (T0) and at 1 (T1), 6 (T2), and 12 (T3) months after permanent upper prosthesis placement. The patients reported an increased oral health-related quality of life. The overall mean Oral Health Impact Profile-14 score at T0 was 17.20 (standard deviation (SD) 6.42). When results at T0 were compared to those at T1 (mean 8.93, SD 5.30), a statistically significant difference was seen (P = 0.001). At T3, the mean value was 5.80 (SD 4.18). Compared to T0, there was also a statistically significant difference at T3 (P = 0.001). General satisfaction based on the numerical rating scale was a mean 49.93 at T1, which was less than patient expectation prior to treatment at T0 (52.13). A higher overall value was seen at T3 (53.20) when compared to T0. Within the constraints of the short follow-up, the AMSJI appears to be a promising tool for patients with extreme jaw atrophy. The high patient expectations were met without complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Van den Borre
- Doctoral School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - B De Neef
- Department of Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, General Hospital Oudenaarde, Oudenaarde, Belgium
| | - N A J Loomans
- Private Clinic Face Ahead Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Division of Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, GZA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E Nout
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ETZ Hospitals, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - L Van Doorne
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cosmipolis Clinic Brugge, Ghent University Hospital, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Blankenberge, Belgium
| | - I Naert
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Politis
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Schouten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis Beverwijk, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - G Klomp
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ETZ Hospitals, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - M M Freilich
- Private Practice, Toronto, Canada; OMFS, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Humber River Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Y Mommaerts
- Private Clinic Orthoface Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; European Face Centre, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Poels K, Toom MD, Reiche M, Kusters P, Beckers L, Seijkens T, Lutgens E. Cardiovascular Oncology: Exploring The Effects Of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors On Experimental Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Aarts S, Reiche M, Toom MD, Beckers L, Gijbels M, Lutgens E. Cd40 Depletion On Cd11c+ Cells Worsens Diet Induced Obesity But Ameliorates Liver Inflammation During Nash. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Beckers L, Ooms D, Berger P, Van Laere K, Scheys L, Vandenneucker H. Reduced bone activity in the native compartments after medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. A prospective SPECT/CT study. Bone Joint J 2019; 101-B:915-921. [PMID: 31362550 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.101b8.bjj-2018-1569.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Altered alignment and biomechanics are thought to contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in the native compartments after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone activity and remodelling in the lateral tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compartment after medial mobile-bearing UKA. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 24 patients (nine female, 15 male) with 25 medial Oxford UKAs (13 left, 12 right) were prospectively followed with sequential 99mTc-hydroxymethane diphosphonate single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT preoperatively and at one and two years postoperatively, along with standard radiographs and clinical outcome scores. The mean patient age was 62 years (40 to 78) and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.7 kg/m2 (23.6 to 42.2). Mean osteoblastic activity was evaluated using a tracer localization scheme with volumes of interest (VOIs). Normalized mean tracer values were calculated as the ratio between the mean tracer activity in a VOI and background activity in the femoral diaphysis. RESULTS Significant reduction of normalized tracer activity was observed one year postoperatively in tibial and femoral VOIs adjacent to the joint line in the lateral compartment. Patellar VOIs and remaining femoral VOIs demonstrated a significant, diminished normalized tracer activity at final follow-up. CONCLUSION The osteoblastic bone activity in the native compartments decreased significantly after treatment of medial end-stage OA with a UKA, implying reduced stress to the subchondral bone in the retained compartments after a UKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:915-921.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beckers
- KULeuven/University Hospitals Leuven, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), UZLeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Ooms
- KULeuven/University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UZLeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Berger
- KULeuven/University Hospitals Leuven, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), UZLeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Van Laere
- KULeuven/University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UZLeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Scheys
- KULeuven/University Hospitals Leuven, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), UZLeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Vandenneucker
- KULeuven/University Hospitals Leuven, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), UZLeuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Ramayanti O, Verkuijlen SAWM, Novianti P, Scheepbouwer C, Misovic B, Koppers-Lalic D, van Weering J, Beckers L, Adham M, Martorelli D, Middeldorp JM, Pegtel DM. Vesicle-bound EBV-BART13-3p miRNA in circulation distinguishes nasopharyngeal from other head and neck cancer and asymptomatic EBV-infections. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2555-2566. [PMID: 30411781 PMCID: PMC6587801 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell‐free microRNA (miRNA) in biofluids released by tumors in either protein or vesicle‐bound form, represent promising minimally‐invasive cancer biomarkers. However, a highly abundant non‐tumor background in human plasma and serum complicates the discovery and detection of tumor‐selective circulating miRNAs. We performed small RNA sequencing on serum and plasma RNA from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) patients. Collectively, Epstein Barr virus‐encoded miRNAs, more so than endogenous miRNAs, signify presence of NPC. However, RNAseq‐based EBV miRNA profiles differ between NPC patients, suggesting inter‐tumor heterogeneity or divergent secretory characteristics. We determined with sensitive qRT‐PCR assays that EBV miRNAs BART7‐3p, BART9‐3p and BART13‐3p are actively secreted by C666.1 NPC cells bound to extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble ribonucleoprotein complexes. Importantly, these miRNAs are expressed in all primary NPC tumor biopsies and readily detected in nasopharyngeal brushings from both early and late‐stage NPC patients. Increased levels of BART7‐3p, BART9‐3p and particularly BART13‐3p, distinguish NPC patient sera from healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using sera from endemic NPC patients, other head and neck cancers and individuals with asymptomatic EBV‐infections reveals a superior diagnostic performance of EBV miRNAs over anti‐EBNA1 IgA serology and EBV‐DNA load (AUC 0.87–0.96 vs 0.86 and 0.66 respectively). The high specificity of circulating EBV‐BART13‐3p (97%) for NPC detection is in agreement with active secretion from NPC tumor cells. We conclude EV‐bound BART13‐3p in circulation is a promising, NPC‐selective, biomarker that should be considered as part of a screening strategy to identify NPC in endemic regions. What's new? Analysis of DNA from human tumor viruses in patient blood is a non‐invasive screening method for individuals at risk for developing cancer. A drawback is over‐diagnosis as these sensitive methods also detect non‐cancer‐related infections. Here the authors show by RNA sequencing and PCR amplification that a microRNA (BART13‐3p) encoded by the Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with circulating vesicles in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, thus distinguishing between cancer and non‐cancer‐related EBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Ramayanti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra A W M Verkuijlen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Putri Novianti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Scheepbouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Neurosurgery, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Branislav Misovic
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Neurosurgery, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danijela Koppers-Lalic
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Neurosurgery, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Weering
- Amsterdam UMC, Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlinda Adham
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Debora Martorelli
- National Cancer Institute, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Jaap M Middeldorp
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Michiel Pegtel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Meesters J, Beckers L, Francque S, Roeyen G, De Greef K, Hartman V, Michielsen P, Dams K, Vanwolleghem T. Cytomegalovirus pleuropericarditis after orthotopic liver transplantation. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2018; 81:427-429. [PMID: 30350533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is a common complication after liver transplantation. In patients with CMV infection, indicated by a positive CMV DNA titer, the presence of any clinical symptom is termed CMV disease. The most common organ affected in CMV disease is the gastrointestinal tract, causing esophagitis, gastritis, enteritis or colitis. CMV infection of the pleura and pericard has been reported in immunocompromised patients, but is rarely seen following liver transplantation.We report a case of a 59-year-old male who developed CMV pleuropericarditis after liver transplantation. Initial ganciclovir treatment did not improve the patient's symptoms and therapy was switched to Foscarnet which ultimately resulted in resolution of infection. However, a few weeks after Foscarnet cessation, the patient again developed bilateral pleural effusion. Ultimate biochemical and clinical response was achieved with IV ganciclovir treatment. The patient was discharged from the hospital with oral Valganciclovir for 3 weeks and has since remained relapse free for >1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meesters
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - L Beckers
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - S Francque
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp
| | - G Roeyen
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - K De Greef
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - V Hartman
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - P Michielsen
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp
| | - K Dams
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Intensive Care
| | - T Vanwolleghem
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp
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Beckers L, Stroobants S, Verheijden S, West B, D'Hooge R, Baes M. Specific suppression of microgliosis cannot circumvent the severe neuropathology in peroxisomal β-oxidation-deficient mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 80:123-133. [PMID: 28286294 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An important hallmark of various neurodegenerative disorders is the proliferation and activation of microglial cells, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Mice that lack multifunctional protein-2 (MFP2), the key enzyme in peroxisomal β-oxidation, develop excessive microgliosis that positively correlates with behavioral deficits whereas no neuronal loss occurs. However, the precise contribution of neuroinflammation to the fatal neuropathology of MFP2 deficiency remains largely unknown. Here, we first attempted to suppress the inflammatory response by administering various anti-inflammatory drugs but they failed to reduce microgliosis. Subsequently, Mfp2-/- mice were treated with the selective colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX5622 as microglial proliferation and survival is dependent on CSF1R signaling. This resulted in the elimination of >95% of microglia from control mice but only 70% of the expanded microglial population from Mfp2-/- mice. Despite microglial diminution in Mfp2-/- brain, inflammatory markers remained unaltered and residual microglia persisted in a reactive state. CSF1R inhibition did not prevent neuronal dysfunction, cognitive decline and clinical deterioration of Mfp2-/- mice. Collectively, the unaltered inflammatory profile despite suppressed microgliosis concurrent with persevering clinical decline strengthens our hypothesis that neuroinflammation importantly contributes to the Mfp2-/- phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beckers
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Stroobants
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Biological Psychology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Verheijden
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B West
- Plexxikon Inc., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - R D'Hooge
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Biological Psychology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Baes
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Beckers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Imeldaziekenhuis; Bonheiden, Belgium
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Luyckx T, Beckers L, Colyn W, Vandenneucker H, Bellemans J. The adductor ratio: a new tool for joint line reconstruction in revision TKA. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2014; 22:3028-33. [PMID: 25135279 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, the value of the adductor tubercle as landmark for joint line reconstruction in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was investigated. METHODS On 100 calibrated full-leg standing radiographs obtained from healthy volunteers, distances from the medial epicondyle, the lateral epicondyle, the adductor tubercle, the fibular head and the centre of the knee to the joint line were determined. RESULTS The average distance to the joint line from the medial epicondyle, the lateral epicondyle, the adductor tubercle and the fibular head was found to be 27.7 mm (SD 3.0), 27.1 mm (SD 2.7), 44.6 mm (SD 4.3) and 15.1 mm (SD 3.7), respectively. The distance from the adductor tubercle (R = 0.82) and the centre of the knee (R = 0.86) to the joint line showed a strong and linear correlation with the femoral width. The medial epicondyle, the lateral epicondyle and the fibular head showed less strong correlations. There was no significant correlation with the limb alignment. The adductor ratio was defined as the distance from adductor tubercle to the joint line divided by the femoral width and was found to be 0.52 (SD 0.027) with only small inter-individual variation. The adductor ratio was the most accurate ratio and reconstructed the joint line within 4 mm of its original level in 92% of the cases. CONCLUSION The adductor ratio is a reliable and accurate tool for joint line reconstruction in revision TKA. It was found to be more accurate then the use of absolute distances and the epicondylar ratios. This study supports the use of the adductor tubercle for joint line reconstruction in revision TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Luyckx
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Weligerveld 1, 3212, Pellenberg, Belgium,
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van den Berg SM, Seijkens TTP, Kusters PJH, Zarzycka B, Beckers L, den Toom M, Gijbels MJJ, Chatzigeorgiou A, Weber C, de Winther MPJ, Chavakis T, Nicolaes GAF, Lutgens E. Blocking CD40-TRAF6 interactions by small-molecule inhibitor 6860766 ameliorates the complications of diet-induced obesity in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:782-90. [PMID: 25394307 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune processes contribute to the development of obesity and its complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Approaches that target the inflammatory response are promising therapeutic strategies for obesity. In this context, we recently demonstrated that the interaction between the costimulatory protein CD40 and its downstream adaptor protein tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) promotes adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice in the course of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS Here we evaluated the effects of a small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) of the CD40-TRAF6 interaction, SMI 6860766, on the development of obesity and its complications in mice that were subjected to DIO. RESULTS Treatment with SMI 6860766 did not result in differences in weight gain, but improved glucose tolerance. Moreover, SMI 6860766 treatment reduced the amount of CD45(+) leucocytes in the epididymal adipose tissue by 69%. Especially, the number of adipose tissue CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, as well as macrophages, was significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that small-molecule-mediated inhibition of the CD40-TRAF6 interaction is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metabolic complications of obesity by improving glucose tolerance, by reducing the accumulation of immune cells to the adipose tissue and by skewing of the immune response towards a more anti-inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J H Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Zarzycka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J J Gijbels
- 1] Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Pathology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands [3] Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht,The Netherlands
| | - A Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Weber
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands [2] Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany
| | - M P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - G A F Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Lutgens
- 1] Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany
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Gea L, Honda S, Boatner LA, Haynes TE, Sales BC, Modine FA, Meldrum A, Budai JD, Beckers L. A new approach to the fabrication of “smart” near-surface nanostructure composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-501-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTA new method for the formation of “smart” near-surface nanoscale composites has been developed. In this approach, small precipitates of active phases are embedded in the near-surface region of the material that is to be modified by a combination of ion implantation and thermal processing. The dispersion, concentration, and microstructure of the nanocrystals formed in the substrate material can be tailored through a careful choice of processing parameters – making this approach well suited to high-value-added, high-technology applications. The applicability of this approach to forming “smart” surfaces on otherwise inactive materials was established in the case of VO2 precipitates which were embedded in A12O3 single crystals to create a medium suitable for optical applications – including optical data storage. Most recently, this concept has been extended to the fabrication of magnetic-field-sensitive nanostructured surfaces by forming magnetostrictive precipitates of materials such as Ni or RFe2 (with R = Tm, Tb, Sm) that are embedded in various single-crystal-oxide hosts. These nanostructured, active surface composites have been characterized using XRD, RBS, TEM, and magneto-optical techniques.
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Engel D, Beckers L, Wijnands E, Daemen M, Stan R, Biessen E, Lutgens E. W52 PROTECTION AGAINST ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN CAV-1 IS DUE TO CAV-1−/− IN NON-HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Baars S, Roefs A, Smeets E, Beckers L. Do obese children detect high caloric food faster than normal-weight children? Appetite 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lutgens E, Tjwa M, Garcia de Frutos P, Wijnands E, Beckers L, Dahlbäck B, Daemen MJAP, Carmeliet P, Moons L. Genetic loss of Gas6 induces plaque stability in experimental atherosclerosis. J Pathol 2008; 216:55-63. [PMID: 18570189 DOI: 10.1002/path.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) plays a role in pro-atherogenic processes such as endothelial and leukocyte activation, smooth muscle cell migration and thrombosis, but its role in atherosclerosis remains uninvestigated. Here, we report that Gas6 is expressed in all stages of human and mouse atherosclerosis, in plaque endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Gas6 expression is most abundant in lesions containing high amounts of macrophages, ie thin fibrous cap atheroma and ruptured plaque. Genetic loss of Gas6 does not affect the number and size of initial and advanced plaques in ApoE(-/-) mice, but alters its plaque composition. Compared to Gas6(+/+): ApoE(-/-) mice, initial and advanced plaques of Gas6(-/-): ApoE(-/-) mice contained more smooth muscle cells and more collagen and developed smaller lipid cores, while the expression of TGFbeta was increased. In addition, fewer macrophages were found in advanced plaques of Gas6(-/-): ApoE(-/-) mice. Hence, loss of Gas6 promotes the formation of more stable atherosclerotic lesions by increasing plaque fibrosis and by attenuating plaque inflammation. These findings identify a role for Gas6 in plaque composition and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lutgens
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Beckers L, Heeneman S, Wang L, Burkly LC, Rousch MMJ, Davidson NO, Gijbels MJJ, de Winther MPJ, Daemen MJAP, Lutgens E. Disruption of hedgehog signalling in ApoE - /- mice reduces plasma lipid levels, but increases atherosclerosis due to enhanced lipid uptake by macrophages. J Pathol 2007; 212:420-8. [PMID: 17573667 DOI: 10.1002/path.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic pathways are often re-expressed in adult pathology. Here we investigated the role of the morphogen hedgehog (hh), which we found to be re-expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. Male ApoE - /- mice were treated for 12 weeks with an anti-hh antibody (5E1) or a control IgG (1E6) starting at the age of 6 or 18 weeks. Inhibition of hh signalling induced a significant increase in total plaque area in the aortic arch, a result of an increase (54% and 36%, respectively) in the area of advanced plaques (atheromata). In mice treated with anti-hh, plaques contained large (18-35% > ctrl), lipid-filled, sometimes multinucleated macrophage foam cells. Plasma cholesterol levels decreased after anti-hh treatment. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, foam cell formation was enhanced after inhibition of hh signalling. Anti-hh treatment caused a 54-75% increase in early oxLDL uptake (10-240 min), which was scavenger receptor-mediated. After 3-24 h of oxLDL incubation, intense Oil red O staining as well as increased amounts of cholesterol esters were present in these macrophages after anti-hh treatment. Activation of the HH-signalling cascade by recombinant Shh induced a decrease in oxLDL uptake. Here we show that the hh-signalling pathway is one of the morphogenic pathways that regulate plasma lipid levels and atherosclerosis development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beckers
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Smook MLF, Heeringa P, Damoiseaux JGMC, Daemen MJAP, de Winther MPJ, Gijbels MJJ, Beckers L, Lutgens E, Tervaert JWC. Leukocyte CD40L deficiency affects the CD25+ CD4 T cell population but does not affect atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2005; 183:275-82. [PMID: 16002076 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of CD40-CD40L interactions results in a reduction of innate regulatory T cells (Tregs) in CD40(-/-) mice and induces a stable plaque phenotype in atherosclerosis-prone mouse strains. Here we investigated the effects of leukocyte CD40L on the Treg population and on atherosclerosis. LDLR(-/-) mice were reconstituted with wild-type or CD40L(-/-) bone marrow (BM). These BM chimeras were analysed by flow cytometry for the presence of innate Tregs (CD45RB(low) CD25(+) CD4) in lymphoid organs and peripheral blood. As in CD40(-/-) mice, the CD45RB(high):CD45RB(low) CD4 T cell ratio significantly increased and the CD25(+) CD4(+) subpopulation significantly decreased in LDLR(-/-) mice receiving CD40L(-/-) BM compared to LDLR(-/-) mice receiving wild-type BM. However, atherosclerotic plaque progression and plaque phenotype did not change in LDLR(-/-) mice reconstituted with CD40L(-/-) BM. In conclusion, the present study shows that CD40-CD40L interactions on leukocytes are essential for the size of the CD45RB(low) CD25(+) CD4 Treg subpopulation. Nevertheless, CD40L deficiency on hemopoietic cells did not affect atherosclerosis, implying that CD40L expressing leukocytes alone are not responsible for the stable plaque phenotype observed after total CD40L blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L F Smook
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. m
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Abstract
Currently CAD-CAM systems are rapidly gaining importance in dental practice as some of their products aim to combine aesthetics with strength and are free of metals. This study reports on the crown adaptation, marginal fit and clinical behaviour of 300 all-ceramic full coverage restorations (Procera, Gothenburg, Sweden) placed in one clinical centre and followed up to 5 years. The marginal fit and coping adaptation before and after luting was determined by direct measurement as well as after sectioning in a laboratory study. Three hundred all-ceram restorations were installed in 165 patients between 1994 and 1998. Before the end of 2000, patients were recalled to assess their restorations, using the California Dental Association quality evaluation index, their own appreciation, as well as the reaction towards the periodontium. The in vitro data revealed a mean marginal adaptation of 30 microm, before and after luting of the Al(2)0(3)-coping onto the tooth. However, at the deepest part of the chamfer, the distance increased to 135 microm. In the clinical study only one restoration fractured, while in 6% small porcelain infractions occurred. After polishing the latter, no persistent patient complaints remained. At the last recall visit 1.8% of the margins were rated unacceptable. Dentists rated 72 and 78% of the restorations excellent for surface, colour and anatomic form respectively. Eighty-seven per cent of the patients rated their restorations more than 7/10 on an ordered analogue scale for aesthetics as well as for function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Naert
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals, Catholic University Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Curfs D, Beckers L, Godschalk R, Gijbels M, van Schooten F. 344 Modulation of plasma lipid levels affects B[A]P-induced DNA damage in tissues of two hyperlipidemic mouse models. Toxicol Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(03)90343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Holzbrecher H, Breuer U, Gastel M, Becker JS, Dietze HJ, Beckers L, Bauer S, Fleuster M, Zander W, Schubert J, Buchal C. Quantitative SIMS-analysis of erbium profiles in LiNbO3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00321371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schroven IT, Geens S, Beckers L, Lagrange W, Fabry G. Experience with the Leeds-Keio artificial ligament for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1994; 2:214-8. [PMID: 8536043 DOI: 10.1007/bf01845590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Artificial anterior ligament reconstruction was very popular between 1975 and 1990. Recently, disappointing results have been published. We reviewed 68 patients who had received an artificial anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction 1 year and 5 years after their operation. The Leeds-Keio device was used as a scaffold. The ligament failed in 32 knees. This was arthroscopically confirmed in 20 cases. The other 12 knees were grossly unstable, with a reappearance of pivot shift, anterior drawer sign and high KT 1000. Generally, we found a marked increase in laxity over the period of investigation. Several biopsies were taken during arthroscopic examination of suspected ruptures. They showed lack of collagenisation and ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T Schroven
- Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Pellenberg, K.U. Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Microdissection of the lampbrush loops "threads" and "pseudonucleolus" of Y chromosomes from primary spermatocytes of Drosophila hydei and subsequent microcloning of the DNA yielded several recombinant DNA clones which cross-hybridized in screening the different clone banks. By DNA sequencing we found that the inserts of these cross-hybridizing clones contain blocks of poly[d(C-A].poly[d(G-T)]. Testis RNA contains a large fraction of transcripts with this simple repeated nucleotide sequence. With the aid of transcript in situ hybridization we discovered that the "cones" and "pseudonucleolus" lampbrush loops are the primary sites of transcription of poly[d(C-A)].poly[d(G-T)] in spermatocytes. In addition, we found a strand-specific transcription of (CA/GT)n. In both the "cones" and "pseudonucleolus" the (CA)n strand is transcribed, while in the "pseudonucleolus" (GT)n is also transcribed. Labelled (CA)n probes also react with the protein bodies in spermatid nuclei. These observations are discussed in the context of possible functions of (CA/GT)n transcripts in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Huijser
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, University of Nijmegen, Faculty of Sciences, The Netherlands
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Augthun M, Beckers L, Kreutzer H, Sahm PR, Schäfer W, Schädlich-Stubenrauch J. [Mathematical simulation of the cooling and solidifying process in improving the quality of dental castings]. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1989; 44:849-51. [PMID: 2700704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CASTS-3D (Computer Aided Solidification Technologies) is a FEM software system for the simulation of heat transfer, melt flow and solidification problems for foundry purposes. This software system may basically be applied to dental castings as well--especially if the FEM software system is optimized and exact data on the thermophysical properties of the dental alloys are provided.
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Beckers L. Sub-deltoid approach to the shoulder. Acta Orthop Belg 1985; 51:847-51. [PMID: 4082970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Beckers L. Displacement osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity. Acta Orthop Belg 1982; 48:190-3. [PMID: 7090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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