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Zheng M, Zhang B, Yau SSY, So KF, Zhang L, Ou H. Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1445-1454. [PMID: 39075911 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202505000-00027/figure1/v/2024-07-28T173839Z/r/image-tiff Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy. Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke. In this study, we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral ischemia. We also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these effects. Adult mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area, inhibited gliogenesis, protected synaptic proteins, and improved novel object and spatial memory function. Further analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of exercise. Agonist activation of adiponectin receptors by AdipoRon mimicked the effects of exercise, while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise effects. In summary, our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Borui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sonata S Y Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haining Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Yao Y, Du J, Wang D, Li N, Tao Z, Wu D, Peng F, Shi J, Zhou W, Zhao T, Tang Y. High-intensity interval training ameliorates postnatal immune activation-induced mood disorders through KDM6B-regulated glial activation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:290-303. [PMID: 38851307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Postnatal immune activation (PIA) induces persistent glial activation in the brain and causes various neuropathologies in adults. Exercise training improves stress-related mood disorders; however, the role of exercise in psychiatric disorders induced by early-life immune activation and the association between exercise training and glial activation remain unclear. We compared the effects of different exercise intensities on the PIA model, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Both HIIT and MICT in adolescent mice inhibited neuroinflammation, remodeled synaptic plasticity, and improved PIA-induced mood disorders in adulthood. Importantly, HIIT was superior to MICT in terms of reducing inflammation and increasing body weight. RNA-seq of prefrontal cortex (PFC) tissues revealed a gene expression pattern, confirming that HIIT was more effective than MICT in improving brain glial cell activation through epigenetic modifications of KDM6B. We investigated the role of KDM6B, a specific histone lysine demethylation enzyme - histone 3 lysine 27 demethylase, in inhibiting glial activation against PIA-induced depression and anxiety by regulating the expression of IL-4 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Overall, our data support the idea that HIIT improves PIA-induced mood disorders by regulating KDM6B-mediated epigenetic mechanisms and indicate that HIIT might be superior to MICT in improving mood disorders with PIA in mice. Our findings provide new insights into the treatment of anxiety and depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jingyi Du
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dongshuang Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Naigang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhouhang Tao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan Peng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jiaming Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Yuchun Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Jiang H, Kimura Y, Inoue S, Li C, Hatakeyama J, Wakayama M, Takamura D, Moriyama H. Effects of different exercise modes and intensities on cognitive performance, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity in mice. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1709-1719. [PMID: 38806710 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Exercise can induce beneficial improvements in cognition. However, the effects of different modes and intensities of exercise have yet to be explored in detail. This study aimed to identify the effects of different exercise modes (aerobic and resistance) and intensities (low and high) on cognitive performance, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in mice. A total of 40 C57BL/6J mice were randomised into 5 groups (n = 8 mice per group): control, low-intensity aerobic exercise, high-intensity aerobic exercise, low-intensity resistance exercise, and high-intensity resistance exercise. The aerobic exercise groups underwent treadmill training, while the resistance exercise groups underwent ladder climbing training. At the end of the exercise period, cognitive performance was assessed by the Y-maze and Barnes maze. In addition, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was evaluated immunohistochemically by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)/ neuronal nuclei (NeuN) co-labeling. The levels of synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampus, including synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), were analyzed by western blotting. Our results showed no significant differences in cognitive performance among the groups. However, high-intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased hippocampal adult neurogenesis relative to the control. A trend towards increased adult neurogenesis was observed in the low-intensity aerobic group compared to the control group. No significant changes in synaptic plasticity were observed among all groups. Our results indicate that high-intensity aerobic exercise may be the most potent stimulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kimura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shota Inoue
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Changxin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zun Yi, China
| | - Junpei Hatakeyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakayama
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Life and Medical Sciences Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
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Palmer JA, Whitaker AA, Payne AM, Bartsch BL, Reisman DS, Boyne PE, Billinger SA. Aerobic Exercise Improves Cortical Inhibitory Function After Stroke: A Preliminary Investigation. J Neurol Phys Ther 2024; 48:83-93. [PMID: 37436187 PMCID: PMC10776819 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aerobic exercise can elicit positive effects on neuroplasticity and cognitive executive function but is poorly understood after stroke. We tested the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training on inhibitory and facilitatory elements of cognitive executive function and electroencephalography markers of cortical inhibition and facilitation. We investigated relationships between stimulus-evoked cortical responses, blood lactate levels during training, and aerobic fitness postintervention. METHODS Twelve individuals with chronic (>6 months) stroke completed an aerobic exercise intervention (40 minutes, 3×/wk). Electroencephalography and motor response times were assessed during congruent (response facilitation) and incongruent (response inhibition) stimuli of a Flanker task. Aerobic fitness capacity was assessed as o2peak during a treadmill test pre- and postintervention. Blood lactate was assessed acutely (<1 minute) after exercise each week. Cortical inhibition (N2) and facilitation (frontal P3) were quantified as peak amplitudes and latencies of stimulus-evoked electroencephalographic activity over the frontal cortical region. RESULTS Following exercise training, the response inhibition speed increased while response facilitation remained unchanged. A relationship between earlier cortical N2 response and faster response inhibition emerged postintervention. Individuals who produced higher lactate during exercise training achieved faster response inhibition and tended to show earlier cortical N2 responses postintervention. There were no associations between o2peak and metrics of behavioral or neurophysiologic function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings provide novel evidence for selective benefits of aerobic exercise on inhibitory control during the initial 4-week period after initiation of exercise training and implicate a potential therapeutic effect of lactate on poststroke inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Palmer
- Department of Neurology (J.A.P., S.A.B.), School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (J.A.P., S.A.B.), Fairway; Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training (A.A.W., B.L.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Psychology (A.M.P.), College of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee; Department of Physical Therapy (D.S.R.), College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark; and Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences (P.E.B.), College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Akkaya EC, Koc B, Dalkiran B, Calis G, Dayi A, Kayatekin BM. High-intensity interval training ameliorates spatial and recognition memory impairments, reduces hippocampal TNF-alpha levels, and amyloid-beta peptide load in male hypothyroid rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114752. [PMID: 37944564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are critical for healthy brain functions at every stage of life. Hypothyroidism can cause severe cognitive dysfunction in patients who do not receive adequate treatment. Although thyroid hormone replacement alleviates cognitive decline in hypothyroid patients, there are studies showing that there is no complete recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in hypothyroid rats on spatial and recognition memory, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta load and compare these effects with T3 replacement. Hypothyroidism was induced and maintained by administration of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) with their drinking water to 6-weeks-old male Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 weeks. The animals exercised in the treadmill according to the HIIT protocol for four weeks. T3 was injected intraperitoneally daily during the last two weeks of the study. All animals performed in the elevated plus maze test, Morris water maze test, novel object recognition test, and rotarod motor performance test in the last week of the study and then the animals were sacrificed. Amyloid beta (1-42) and TNFα levels were measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus by ELISA. Anxiety-like behaviors did not significantly differ between groups. T3 replacement with or without HIIT increased motor performance in PTU-treated rats. HIIT and/or T3 replacement increased the exercise performance. HIIT and/or T3 replacement alleviated spatial and recognition memory impairments and normalized TNFα and amyloid-beta levels in the hippocampus in hypothyroid rats. In summary, regular physical exercise may have potential benefits in preserving cognitive functions in hypothyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Caner Akkaya
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Basar Koc
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bahar Dalkiran
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guner Calis
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Dayi
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Pengam M, Goanvec C, Moisan C, Simon B, Albacète G, Féray A, Guernec A, Amérand A. Moderate intensity continuous versus high intensity interval training: Metabolic responses of slow and fast skeletal muscles in rat. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292225. [PMID: 37792807 PMCID: PMC10550171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The healthy benefits of regular physical exercise are mainly mediated by the stimulation of oxidative and antioxidant capacities in skeletal muscle. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular responses involved in these processes remain often uncomplete particularly regarding muscle typology. The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two types of exercise training protocol: a moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic processes in two muscles with different typologies: soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Training effects in male Wistar rats were studied from whole organism level (maximal aerobic speed, morphometric and systemic parameters) to muscle level (transcripts, protein contents and enzymatic activities involved in antioxidant defences, aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms). Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: untrained (UNTR), n = 7; MICT, n = 8; and HIIT, n = 8. Rats of the MICT and HIIT groups ran five times a week for six weeks at moderate and high intensity, respectively. HIIT improved more than MICT the endurance performance (a trend to increased maximal aerobic speed, p = 0.07) and oxidative capacities in both muscles, as determined through protein and transcript assays (AMPK-PGC-1α signalling pathway, antioxidant defences, mitochondrial functioning and dynamics). Whatever the training protocol, the genes involved in these processes were largely more significantly upregulated in soleus (slow-twitch fibres) than in EDL (fast-twitch fibres). Solely on the basis of the transcript changes, we conclude that the training protocols tested here lead to specific muscular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Annie Féray
- EA 4324 ORPHY, Université de Brest, Brest, France
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Shao X, He L, Liu Y, Fu Y. The effect of acute high-intensity interval training and Tabata training on inhibitory control and cortical activation in young adults. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1229307. [PMID: 37781251 PMCID: PMC10536150 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1229307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical exercise not only benefits peoples' health, but also improves their cognitive function. Although growing evidence suggests that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient exercise regime that can improve inhibitory control performance by enhancing cortical activation in the prefrontal cortex, less is known about how Tabata training, a subset of HIIT that requires no equipment or facilities to perform, affects inhibitory control and cortical activation in young adults. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the effect of an acute bout of HIIT and Tabata training on inhibitory control and attempted to identify its potential neural substrates. Methods Forty-two young adults (mean age: 19.36 ± 1.36 years; 21 females) performed the Stroop task and Simon task before and after acute HIIT, Tabata training, or a control session, and cortical hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal area were monitored by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the tasks. Both HIIT and Tabata interventions lasted for a total of 12 min. The HIIT participants performed ergometer cycling at their 80% maximal aerobic power at 90-100 rpm, and the Tabata participants performed a total of 8 intense activities, such as jumping jacks, high knees, and butt kickers, without using equipment or facilities, keeping the heart rate at 80-95% of their maximum heart rate. Participants in the control group watched a sport video while sedentary. Cognitive tasks data and fNIRS data were analyzed by repeated-measures three-way ANOVA. Results and discussion Our results indicated that both the HIIT and Tabata groups exhibited reduced reaction times after the intervention, and there were alterations in activation patterns in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Shao
- School of Sports, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longfei He
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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Li H, Su W, Cai J, Zhao L, Li Y. Effects of exercise of different intensities on withdrawal symptoms among people with substance use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1126777. [PMID: 37234417 PMCID: PMC10208401 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1126777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise can effectively attenuate withdrawal symptoms and reduce relapse, but it is unknown whether exercise of different intensities produces different results. This study aimed to systematically review the effects of different exercise intensities on withdrawal symptoms among people with substance use disorder (SUD). Methods: Systematic searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on exercise, SUD, and abstinence symptoms were conducted via electronic databases, including PubMed, up to June 2022. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0) for assessment of risk of bias in randomized trials. The meta-analysis was performed by calculating the standard mean difference (SMD) in outcomes of interventions involving light-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise for each individual study using Review Manager version 5.3 (RevMan 5.3). Results: In total, 22 RCTs (n = 1,537) were included. Overall, exercise interventions had significant effects on withdrawal symptoms, but the effect size varied with exercise intensity and by outcome measure (i.e., for different negative emotions). Light-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise reduced cravings after the intervention [SMD = -0.71, 95% CI = (-0.90, -0.52)], and there were no statistical differences between the subgroups (p > 0.05). Light-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise reduced depression after the intervention [light, SMD = -0.33, 95% CI = (-0.57, -0.09); moderate, SMD = -0.64, 95% CI = (-0.85, -0.42); high, SMD = -0.25, 95% CI = (-0.44, -0.05)], with moderate-intensity exercise producing the best effect (p < 0.05). Only light- and moderate-intensity exercise relieved anxiety after the intervention [light, SMD = -0.48, 95% CI = (-0.71, -0.26); moderate, SMD = -0.58, 95% CI = (-0.85, -0.31)]. Only high-intensity exercise worked in alleviating stress [SMD = -1.13, 95% CI = (-2.22, -0.04)]. Both irritability and restlessness could be improved by light- and moderate-intensity exercise [irritability, SMD = -0.74, 95% CI = (-0.98, -0.50); restless, SMD = -0.72, 95% CI = (-0.98, -0.47)], and there were no statistical differences between the subgroups (p > 0.05). Moderate- and high-intensity exercise decreased withdrawal syndrome after the intervention [moderate, SMD = -0.30, 95% CI = (-0.55, -0.05); high, SMD = -1.33, 95% CI = (-1.90, -0.76)], with high-intensity exercise producing the best effects (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Overall, exercise leads to improvements in withdrawal symptoms in individuals with SUD, but these effects vary significantly between the exercise of different intensities and according to the type of withdrawal symptoms. Moderate-intensity exercise has the greatest benefits in improving depression and anxiety; high-intensity exercise has the greatest benefits in improving withdrawal syndrome. Systematic Review Registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier, CRD42022343791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wantang Su
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Cai
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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