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Eaves DL, Hodges NJ, Buckingham G, Buccino G, Vogt S. Enhancing motor imagery practice using synchronous action observation. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:1891-1907. [PMID: 36574019 PMCID: PMC11315722 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss a variety of ways in which practising motor actions by means of motor imagery (MI) can be enhanced via synchronous action observation (AO), that is, by AO + MI. We review the available research on the (mostly facilitatory) behavioural effects of AO + MI practice in the early stages of skill acquisition, discuss possible theoretical explanations, and consider several issues related to the choice and presentation schedules of suitable models. We then discuss considerations related to AO + MI practice at advanced skill levels, including expertise effects, practical recommendations such as focussing attention on specific aspects of the observed action, using just-ahead models, and possible effects of the perspective in which the observed action is presented. In section "Coordinative AO + MI", we consider scenarios where the observer imagines performing an action that complements or responds to the observed action, as a promising and yet under-researched application of AO + MI training. In section "The dual action simulation hypothesis of AO + MI", we review the neurocognitive hypothesis that AO + MI practice involves two parallel action simulations, and we consider opportunities for future research based on recent neuroimaging work on parallel motor representations. In section "AO + MI training in motor rehabilitation", we review applications of AO, MI, and AO + MI training in the field of neurorehabilitation. Taken together, this evidence-based, exploratory review opens a variety of avenues for future research and applications of AO + MI practice, highlighting several clear advantages over the approaches of purely AO- or MI-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Eaves
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Nicola J Hodges
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gavin Buckingham
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
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Scott MW, Mulligan D, Kuehne M, Zhu M, Ma M, Hodges NJ. Effector-specific improvements in action prediction in left-handed individuals after short-term physical practice. Cortex 2024; 178:18-31. [PMID: 38964150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Research has established the influence of short-term physical practice for enhancing action prediction in right-handed (RH) individuals. In addition to benefits of physical practice for these later assessed perceptual-cognitive skills, effector-specific interference has been shown through action-incongruent secondary tasks (motor interference tasks). Here we investigated this experience-driven facilitation of action predictions and effector-specific interference in left-handed (LH) novices, before and after practicing a dart throwing task. Participants watched either RH (n = 19) or LH (n = 24) videos of temporally occluded dart throws, across a control condition and three secondary-task conditions: tone-monitoring, RH or LH force monitoring. These conditions were completed before and after physical practice throwing with the LH. Significantly greater improvement in prediction accuracy was shown post-practice for the LH- versus RH-video group. Consistent with previous work, effector-specific interference was shown, exclusive to the LH-video group. Only when doing the LH force monitoring task did the LH-video group show secondary task interference in prediction accuracy. These data support the idea that short-term physical practice resulted in the development of an effector-specific motor representation. The results are also consistent with other work in RH individuals (showing RH motor interference) and hence rule out the interpretation that these effector specific effects are due to the disruption of more generalized motor processes, thought to be lateralized to the left-hemisphere of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Scott
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Desmond Mulligan
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mareike Kuehne
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Megan Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Minghao Ma
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nicola J Hodges
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Antonioni A, Raho EM, Straudi S, Granieri E, Koch G, Fadiga L. The cerebellum and the Mirror Neuron System: A matter of inhibition? From neurophysiological evidence to neuromodulatory implications. A narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105830. [PMID: 39069236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mirror neurons show activity during both the execution (AE) and observation of actions (AO). The Mirror Neuron System (MNS) could be involved during motor imagery (MI) as well. Extensive research suggests that the cerebellum is interconnected with the MNS and may be critically involved in its activities. We gathered evidence on the cerebellum's role in MNS functions, both theoretically and experimentally. Evidence shows that the cerebellum plays a major role during AO and MI and that its lesions impair MNS functions likely because, by modulating the activity of cortical inhibitory interneurons with mirror properties, the cerebellum may contribute to visuomotor matching, which is fundamental for shaping mirror properties. Indeed, the cerebellum may strengthen sensory-motor patterns that minimise the discrepancy between predicted and actual outcome, both during AE and AO. Furthermore, through its connections with the hippocampus, the cerebellum might be involved in internal simulations of motor programs during MI. Finally, as cerebellar neuromodulation might improve its impact on MNS activity, we explored its potential neurophysiological and neurorehabilitation implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Antonioni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara 44124, Italy; Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Maria Raho
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara 44124, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ferrara 44121 , Italy; Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ferrara 44121 , Italy
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Oswald F, Samra SK. A scoping review and index of body stimuli in psychological science. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:5434-5455. [PMID: 38030921 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Naturalistic body stimuli are necessary for understanding many aspects of human psychology, yet there are no centralized databases of body stimuli. Furthermore, there are a high number of independently developed stimulus sets lacking in standardization and reproducibility potential, and a general lack of organization, contributing to issues of both replicability and generalizability in body-related research. We conducted a comprehensive scoping review to index and explore existing naturalistic whole-body stimuli. Our research questions were as follows: (1) What sets of naturalistic human whole-body stimuli are present in the literature? And (2) On what factors (e.g., demographics, emotion expression) do these stimuli vary? To be included, stimulus sets had to (1) include human bodies as stimuli; (2) be photographs, videos, or other depictions of real human bodies (not computer generated, drawn, etc.); (3) include the whole body (defined as torso, arms, and legs); and (4) could include edited images, but still had to be recognizable as human bodies. We identified a relatively large number of existing stimulus sets (N = 79) which offered relative variability in terms of main manipulated factors and the degree of visual information included (i.e., inclusion of heads and/or faces). However, stimulus sets were demographically homogenous, skewed towards White, young adult, and female bodies. We identified significant issues in reporting and availability practices, posing a challenge to the generalizability, reliability, and reproducibility of body-related research. Accordingly, we urge researchers to adopt transparent and accessible practices and to take steps to diversify body stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Oswald
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
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Errante A, Beccani L, Verzelloni J, Maggi I, Filippi M, Bressi B, Ziccarelli S, Bozzetti F, Costi S, Ferrari A, Fogassi L. Effectiveness of action observation treatment based on pathological model in hemiplegic children: a randomized-controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2024; 60:643-655. [PMID: 38814197 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.24.08413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Action observation treatment (AOT) is an innovative therapeutic approach consisting in the observation of actions followed by their subsequent repetition. The standard version of AOT consists in the observation/imitation of a typically developed individual, which is proposed as model (TDM-AOT). AIM This study aims to compare the effectiveness of AOT based on a pathological ameliorative model (PAM-AOT) versus TDM-AOT in improving upper limb ability in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). DESIGN The study consists in a prospective randomized controlled, evaluator-blinded trial (RCT), with two active arms, designed to evaluate the effectiveness of AOT based on pathological model (PAM-AOT) as compared to a standard AOT based on TDM (TDM-AOT). SETTING The 3-week AOT program was administered in a clinical setting. For some patients, the treatment was delivered at participant's home with the remote support of the physiotherapist (tele-rehabilitation). POPULATION Twenty-six children with UCP (mean age 10.5±3.09 years; 14 females) participated in the study, with the experimental group observing a pathological model and the control group observing a typically developed model. METHODS Motor assessments included unimanual and bimanual ability measures conducted at T0 (baseline, before the treatment), T1 (3 weeks after T0), T2 (8-12 weeks after treatment) and T3 (24-28 weeks after treatment); a subset of 16 patients also underwent fMRI motor assessment. Generalized Estimating Equations models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Both groups showed significant improvement in bimanual function (GEE, Wald 106.16; P<0.001) at T1 (P<0.001), T2 (P<0.001), and T3 (P<0.001). Noteworthy, the experimental group showed greater improvement than the control group immediately after treatment (P<0.013). Both groups exhibited similar improvement in unimanual ability (GEE, Wald 25.49; P<0.001). The fMRI assessments revealed increased activation of ventral premotor cortex after treatment in the experimental compared with control group (GEE, Wald 6.26; P<0.012). CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of PAM-AOT in achieving short-term improvement of upper limb ability in children with UCP. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT These findings have significant implications for rehabilitative interventions based on AOT in hemiplegic children, by proposing a non-traditional approach focused on the most functional improvement achievable by imitating a pathological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Errante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Beccani
- Unit of Severe Disabilities of Developmental Age (UDGEE), Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Jessica Verzelloni
- Unit of Severe Disabilities of Developmental Age (UDGEE), Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Irene Maggi
- Unit of Severe Disabilities of Developmental Age (UDGEE), Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Filippi
- Unit of Severe Disabilities of Developmental Age (UDGEE), Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Barbara Bressi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Costi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Adriano Ferrari
- Unit of Severe Disabilities of Developmental Age (UDGEE), Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fogassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy -
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Moffat R, Cross ES. Awareness of embodiment enhances enjoyment and engages sensorimotor cortices. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26786. [PMID: 38994692 PMCID: PMC11240146 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Whether in performing arts, sporting, or everyday contexts, when we watch others move, we tend to enjoy bodies moving in synchrony. Our enjoyment of body movements is further enhanced by our own prior experience with performing those movements, or our 'embodied experience'. The relationships between movement synchrony and enjoyment, as well as embodied experience and movement enjoyment, are well known. The interaction between enjoyment of movements, synchrony, and embodiment is less well understood, and may be central for developing new approaches for enriching social interaction. To examine the interplay between movement enjoyment, synchrony, and embodiment, we asked participants to copy another person's movements as accurately as possible, thereby gaining embodied experience of movement sequences. Participants then viewed other dyads performing the same or different sequences synchronously, and we assessed participants' recognition of having performed these sequences, as well as their enjoyment of each movement sequence. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure cortical activation over frontotemporal sensorimotor regions while participants performed and viewed movements. We found that enjoyment was greatest when participants had mirrored the sequence and recognised it, suggesting that awareness of embodiment may be central to enjoyment of synchronous movements. Exploratory analyses of relationships between cortical activation and enjoyment and recognition implicated the sensorimotor cortices, which subserve action observation and aesthetic processing. These findings hold implications for clinical research and therapies seeking to foster successful social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryssa Moffat
- Professorship for Social Brain Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- School of Psychological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Emily S. Cross
- Professorship for Social Brain Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- School of Psychological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- MARCS InstituteWestern Sydney UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Turrini S, Fiori F, Bevacqua N, Saracini C, Lucero B, Candidi M, Avenanti A. Spike-timing-dependent plasticity induction reveals dissociable supplementary- and premotor-motor pathways to automatic imitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404925121. [PMID: 38917006 PMCID: PMC11228524 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404925121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans tend to spontaneously imitate others' behavior, even when detrimental to the task at hand. The action observation network (AON) is consistently recruited during imitative tasks. However, whether automatic imitation is mediated by cortico-cortical projections from AON regions to the primary motor cortex (M1) remains speculative. Similarly, the potentially dissociable role of AON-to-M1 pathways involving the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) or supplementary motor area (SMA) in automatic imitation is unclear. Here, we used cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) to enhance or hinder effective connectivity in PMv-to-M1 and SMA-to-M1 pathways via Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) to test their functional relevance to automatic and voluntary motor imitation. ccPAS affected behavior under competition between task rules and prepotent visuomotor associations underpinning automatic imitation. Critically, we found dissociable effects of manipulating the strength of the two pathways. While strengthening PMv-to-M1 projections enhanced automatic imitation, weakening them hindered it. On the other hand, strengthening SMA-to-M1 projections reduced automatic imitation but also reduced interference from task-irrelevant cues during voluntary imitation. Our study demonstrates that driving Hebbian STDP in AON-to-M1 projections induces opposite effects on automatic imitation that depend on the targeted pathway. Our results provide direct causal evidence of the functional role of PMv-to-M1 projections for automatic imitation, seemingly involved in spontaneously mirroring observed actions and facilitating the tendency to imitate them. Moreover, our findings support the notion that SMA exerts an opposite gating function, controlling M1 to prevent overt motor behavior when inadequate to the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521Cesena, Italy
- Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128Roma, Italy
| | - Naomi Bevacqua
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521Cesena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Saracini
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica Del Maule, 3460000Talca, Chile
| | - Boris Lucero
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica Del Maule, 3460000Talca, Chile
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521Cesena, Italy
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica Del Maule, 3460000Talca, Chile
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Li X, Wang D, Gao S, Zhou C. Impacts of Kinematic Information on Action Anticipation and the Related Neurophysiological Associations in Volleyball Experts. Brain Sci 2024; 14:647. [PMID: 39061388 PMCID: PMC11274628 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying action anticipation in volleyball players, especially concerned with the differences between experts and amateurs. Participants included both expert (male, N = 26) and amateur (male, N = 23) volleyball players, who were asked to predict spiking movements containing high, medium, and low levels of kinematic information while their electrophysiological activities were recorded. The high-information stimuli included the whole spiking action, the medium-information stimuli ended at 120 ms, and the low-information stimuli ended at 160 ms before hand-ball contact. The results showed that experts significantly outperformed amateurs in both prediction accuracy (68% in experts vs. 55% in amateurs) and reaction time (475.09 ms in experts vs. 725.81 ms in amateurs) under the medium-information condition. Analysis of alpha rhythm activity revealed that experts exhibited the strongest desynchronization under the low-information condition, suggesting increased attentional engagement. In contrast, amateurs showed the weakest desynchronization under the medium-information condition. Furthermore, mu rhythm activity analysis showed greater desynchronization in the duration of 100-300 ms before hand-ball contact for experts, correlating with their higher anticipation accuracy. These findings highlight the significant kinematic information-processing abilities of volleyball experts and elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying efficient attentional engagement and mirroring. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for the development of targeted training programs through which to enhance athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chenglin Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.L.); (D.W.); (S.G.)
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Raffan R, Mann D, Savelsbergh G. Expertise and Deceptive Movements in Sport. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:73. [PMID: 38861037 PMCID: PMC11166615 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deceptive movements occur when an actor seeks to fake, hide or delay kinematic information about their true movement outcomes. The purpose of deceptive movements is to impair the perception of opponents (the 'observer') to gain an advantage over them. We argue though that a lack of conceptual clarity has led to confusion about what deception is and in understanding the different approaches by which an actor can deceive their opponent. The aim of this article is to outline a conceptual framework for understanding deceptive movements in sport. MAIN BODY Adopting Interpersonal Deception Theory from the field of communication, we define deception as when an actor deliberately alters their actions in an attempt to impair the ability of an observer to anticipate their true action outcomes. Further, deception can be achieved either by what we define as deceit, the act of providing false information, or disguise, the act of concealing the action outcome. Skilled athletes often have actions that are difficult to anticipate, but an action is only classified as containing deception if the actor has explicit intent to deceive an observer. Having outlined the conceptual framework, we then review existing empirical findings on the skilled perception of deceptive movements considering the framework. This approach includes a critical evaluation of the mechanisms known to facilitate the perceptual ability to prevent being deceived, including a consideration of visual search strategies, confidence, the contribution of visual and motor experiences, and the influence of response biases and action capabilities on perceptual performance. CONCLUSION The distinction between deceit and disguise particularly helps to show that most research has examined deceit, with little known about how an actor can more effectively disguise their action, or about how an observer can improve their ability to anticipate the outcome of disguised actions. The insights help to identify fruitful areas for future research and outline implications for skill acquisition and performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Raffan
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences and Institute Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (iBBA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - David Mann
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences and Institute Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (iBBA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Savelsbergh
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences and Institute Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (iBBA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Klotzbier TJ, Schott N. Mental rotation abilities of gymnasts and soccer players: a comparison of egocentric and object-based transformations. An exploratory and preliminary study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1355381. [PMID: 38903459 PMCID: PMC11188378 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1355381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The experience obtained from motor expertise may contribute to and enhance the development of particular visuo-spatial abilities. This exploratory and preliminary study compares the response times of a mental rotation task with egocentric and object-based transformation instructions between soccer players of varying performance levels and gymnasts. Methods Fifty-six male participants were grouped based on their sports experience. Soccer-specific novices (SS-N: n = 19; age = 15.9 ± 0.87), soccer-specific experts (SS-E: n = 17; age = 16.4 ± 0.70), gymnastic-specific experts (GS-E: n = 10; age = 16.6 ± 1.71), and gymnastic-specific novices (GS-N: n = 10; age = 16.0 ± 1.63) were recruited to perform a perceptual task (recognition of soccer-specific poses) and mental rotation tasks with different stimuli (soccer-specific poses, cubes, line-drawings of hands, letters). Results During the perceptual task with instructions on egocentric transformation and soccer-specific poses, we observed that gymnasts had longer response times than soccer players. Our findings also suggest that experts correctly identified most of the poses in terms of accuracy. In the mental rotation task with object-based transformation, gymnasts processed all stimuli, even the soccer-specific poses, more accurately than both soccer groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that gymnasts' motor expertise plays a role in their performance on mental rotation tasks involving both egocentric and object-based transformations, regardless of the stimuli presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jürgen Klotzbier
- Institute of Sport and Movement Science, Department of Sport Psychology and Human Movement Performance, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Schuster BA, Sowden S, Rybicki AJ, Fraser DS, Press C, Hickman L, Holland P, Cook JL. Disruption of dopamine D2/D3 system function impairs the human ability to understand the mental states of other people. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002652. [PMID: 38870319 PMCID: PMC11175582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in reasoning about others' mental states (i.e., mentalising/Theory of Mind) are highly prevalent among disorders featuring dopamine dysfunctions (e.g., Parkinson's disease) and significantly affect individuals' quality of life. However, due to multiple confounding factors inherent to existing patient studies, currently little is known about whether these sociocognitive symptoms originate from aberrant dopamine signalling or from psychosocial changes unrelated to dopamine. The present study, therefore, investigated the role of dopamine in modulating mentalising in a sample of healthy volunteers. We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled procedure to test the effect of the D2/D3 antagonist haloperidol on mental state attribution, using an adaptation of the Heider and Simmel (1944) animations task. On 2 separate days, once after receiving 2.5 mg haloperidol and once after receiving placebo, 33 healthy adult participants viewed and labelled short videos of 2 triangles depicting mental state (involving mentalistic interaction wherein 1 triangle intends to cause or act upon a particular mental state in the other, e.g., surprising) and non-mental state (involving reciprocal interaction without the intention to cause/act upon the other triangle's mental state, e.g., following) interactions. Using Bayesian mixed effects models, we observed that haloperidol decreased accuracy in labelling both mental and non-mental state animations. Our secondary analyses suggest that dopamine modulates inference from mental and non-mental state animations via independent mechanisms, pointing towards 2 putative pathways underlying the dopaminergic modulation of mental state attribution: action representation and a shared mechanism supporting mentalising and emotion recognition. We conclude that dopaminergic pathways impact Theory of Mind, at least indirectly. Our results have implications for the neurochemical basis of sociocognitive difficulties in patients with dopamine dysfunctions and generate new hypotheses about the specific dopamine-mediated mechanisms underlying social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A Schuster
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Sowden
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia J Rybicki
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmar S Fraser
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Press
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Hickman
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Holland
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Cook
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Wilt H, Wu Y, Evans BG, Adank P. Automatic imitation of speech is enhanced for non-native sounds. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:1114-1130. [PMID: 37848661 PMCID: PMC11192695 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Simulation accounts of speech perception posit that speech is covertly imitated to support perception in a top-down manner. Behaviourally, covert imitation is measured through the stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) task. In each trial of a speech SRC task, participants produce a target speech sound whilst perceiving a speech distractor that either matches the target (compatible condition) or does not (incompatible condition). The degree to which the distractor is covertly imitated is captured by the automatic imitation effect, computed as the difference in response times (RTs) between compatible and incompatible trials. Simulation accounts disagree on whether covert imitation is enhanced when speech perception is challenging or instead when the speech signal is most familiar to the speaker. To test these accounts, we conducted three experiments in which participants completed SRC tasks with native and non-native sounds. Experiment 1 uncovered larger automatic imitation effects in an SRC task with non-native sounds than with native sounds. Experiment 2 replicated the finding online, demonstrating its robustness and the applicability of speech SRC tasks online. Experiment 3 intermixed native and non-native sounds within a single SRC task to disentangle effects of perceiving non-native sounds from confounding effects of producing non-native speech actions. This last experiment confirmed that automatic imitation is enhanced for non-native speech distractors, supporting a compensatory function of covert imitation in speech perception. The experiment also uncovered a separate effect of producing non-native speech actions on enhancing automatic imitation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wilt
- Department of Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Yuchunzi Wu
- Department of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Bronwen G Evans
- Department of Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patti Adank
- Department of Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Vitale C, Rosa R, Agosti V, Siciliano M, Barra G, Maggi G, Santangelo G. Effects of Biodanza ® SRT on Motor, Cognitive, and Behavioral Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Pers Med 2024; 14:588. [PMID: 38929809 PMCID: PMC11204495 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rolando Toro's Biodanza (SRT) is a therapeutic strategy that uses movement, music, and emotions to induce integrative living experiences. The present study aims to explore the efficacy of a three-month SRT intervention on motor, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study employed a randomized between-group design. Twenty-eight non-demented PD patients were enrolled in this study. Out of these, fourteen patients were assigned to the active treatment group using the Biodanza SRT system and fourteen to the untreated control group. The study group attended 2 h SRT classes once a week, completing twelve lessons in twelve weeks. All patients underwent: (i) a neurological examination to measure the severity of motor symptoms, balance, mobility, and risk of falls, and (ii) a neuropsychological battery to assess cognitive status, apathy, depressive symptomatology, and perceived quality of life (QoL), at study entry (T0) and at twelve weeks (T1, end of dance training). At T1, we observed a significant improvement in motor (i.e., severity of motor symptoms and balance) and cognitive parameters (i.e., working memory and delayed verbal memory) in all treated patients compared with the controls. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the social support dimension was found in all treated patients compared to the controls. A trend toward increased apathy was found in untreated patients at T1. The three-month Biodanza intervention significantly ameliorated the motor parameters of PD patients, with a parallel improvement in cognitive and QoL status. Hence, Biodanza intervention can, in the short term, represent a useful personalized medical intervention for the management of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Vitale
- Department of Medical, Motor and Wellbeing Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy
- ICS Maugeri Hermitage Napoli, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberta Rosa
- Department of Primary Education Sciences, European University of Rome, 00163 Roma, Italy;
| | - Valeria Agosti
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Mattia Siciliano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | | | - Gianpaolo Maggi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
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14
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Zhang JP, Zhu P, Cai ZL, Xing XX, Wu JJ, Zheng MX, Hua XY, Gong BM, Xu JG. Sports promote brain evolution: a resting-state fMRI study of volleyball athlete. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1393988. [PMID: 38756186 PMCID: PMC11098564 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1393988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term skill learning can lead to structure and function changes in the brain. Different sports can trigger neuroplasticity in distinct brain regions. Volleyball, as one of the most popular team sports, heavily relies on individual abilities such as perception and prediction for high-level athletes to excel. However, the specific brain mechanisms that contribute to the superior performance of volleyball athletes compared to non-athletes remain unclear. Method We conducted a study involving the recruitment of ten female volleyball athletes and ten regular female college students, forming the athlete and novice groups, respectively. Comprehensive behavioral assessments, including Functional Movement Screen and audio-visual reaction time tests, were administered to both groups. Additionally, resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired for both groups. Subsequently, we conducted in-depth analyses, focusing on the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) in the brain for both the athlete and novice groups. Results No significant differences were observed in the behavioral data between the two groups. However, the athlete group exhibited noteworthy enhancements in both the ALFF and ReHo within the visual cortex compared to the novice group. Moreover, the functional connectivity between the visual cortex and key brain regions, including the left primary sensory cortex, left supplementary motor cortex, right insula, left superior temporal gyrus, and left inferior parietal lobule, was notably stronger in the athlete group than in the novice group. Conclusion This study has unveiled the remarkable impact of volleyball athletes on various brain functions related to vision, movement, and cognition. It indicates that volleyball, as a team-based competitive activity, fosters the advancement of visual, cognitive, and motor skills. These findings lend additional support to the early cultivation of sports talents and the comprehensive development of adolescents. Furthermore, they offer fresh perspectives on preventing and treating movement-related disorders. Trial registration Registration number: ChiCTR2400079602. Date of Registration: January 8, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Peng Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering ResearchCenter of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Liang Cai
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Xing
- Engineering ResearchCenter of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Engineering ResearchCenter of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Engineering ResearchCenter of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Engineering ResearchCenter of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Min Gong
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering ResearchCenter of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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15
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Baker B, Liu T, Matelsky J, Parodi F, Mensh B, Krakauer JW, Kording K. Computational kinematics of dance: distinguishing hip hop genres. Front Robot AI 2024; 11:1295308. [PMID: 38756983 PMCID: PMC11098014 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1295308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dance plays a vital role in human societies across time and culture, with different communities having invented different systems for artistic expression through movement (genres). Differences between genres can be described by experts in words and movements, but these descriptions can only be appreciated by people with certain background abilities. Existing dance notation schemes could be applied to describe genre-differences, however they fall substantially short of being able to capture the important details of movement across a wide spectrum of genres. Our knowledge and practice around dance would benefit from a general, quantitative and human-understandable method of characterizing meaningful differences between aspects of any dance style; a computational kinematics of dance. Here we introduce and apply a novel system for encoding bodily movement as 17 macroscopic, interpretable features, such as expandedness of the body or the frequency of sharp movements. We use this encoding to analyze Hip Hop Dance genres, in part by building a low-cost machine-learning classifier that distinguishes genre with high accuracy. Our study relies on an open dataset (AIST++) of pose-sequences from dancers instructed to perform one of ten Hip Hop genres, such as Breakdance, Popping, or Krump. For comparison we evaluate moderately experienced human observers at discerning these sequence's genres from movements alone (38% where chance = 10%). The performance of a baseline, Ridge classifier model was fair (48%) and that of the model resulting from our automated machine learning pipeline was strong (76%). This indicates that the selected features represent important dimensions of movement for the expression of the attitudes, stories, and aesthetic values manifested in these dance forms. Our study offers a new window into significant relations of similarity and difference between the genres studied. Given the rich, complex, and culturally shaped nature of these genres, the interpretability of our features, and the lightweight techniques used, our approach has significant potential for generalization to other movement domains and movement-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Baker
- Davis AI Institute, Department of Philosophy, Colby College, Waterville, ME, United States
| | - Tony Liu
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jordan Matelsky
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Felipe Parodi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brett Mensh
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, United States
| | - John W. Krakauer
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States
| | - Konrad Kording
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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16
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Nguyen T, Lagacé-Cusiac R, Everling JC, Henry MJ, Grahn JA. Audiovisual integration of rhythm in musicians and dancers. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024; 86:1400-1416. [PMID: 38557941 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Music training is associated with better beat processing in the auditory modality. However, it is unknown how rhythmic training that emphasizes visual rhythms, such as dance training, might affect beat processing, nor whether training effects in general are modality specific. Here we examined how music and dance training interacted with modality during audiovisual integration and synchronization to auditory and visual isochronous sequences. In two experiments, musicians, dancers, and controls completed an audiovisual integration task and an audiovisual target-distractor synchronization task using dynamic visual stimuli (a bouncing figure). The groups performed similarly on the audiovisual integration tasks (Experiments 1 and 2). However, in the finger-tapping synchronization task (Experiment 1), musicians were more influenced by auditory distractors when synchronizing to visual sequences, while dancers were more influenced by visual distractors when synchronizing to auditory sequences. When participants synchronized with whole-body movements instead of finger-tapping (Experiment 2), all groups were more influenced by the visual distractor than the auditory distractor. Taken together, this study highlights how training is associated with audiovisual processing, and how different types of visual rhythmic stimuli and different movements alter beat perception and production outcome measures. Implications for the modality appropriateness hypothesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram Nguyen
- Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebekka Lagacé-Cusiac
- Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Celina Everling
- Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Molly J Henry
- Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica A Grahn
- Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Ianì F, Limata T, Ras IN, Bucciarelli M. Forward effects from action observation: the role of attentional focus. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:773-785. [PMID: 37884629 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
After viewing an image representing an action on an object, we recognize the forward states of the seen action faster than the backward states. The present study exploits a variant of a new experimental paradigm to investigate cognitive mechanisms underlying this effect. Participants viewed a series of still photos of unfolding actions on objects, each followed by a photo depicting either one of three (instead of two of the original paradigm) different and temporally distant moments after the image or one moment before the image, along with photos of different actions. Experiment 1 revealed the classical forward effects in this new context: when the task was to judge whether the action in the second photo was the same as in the first photo, evaluations were faster for all forward photos than for backward photos. In Experiment 2, we examined the role of participants' attention to the object alongside the role of attention to action kinematics in triggering these "forward effects" by manipulating participants' attentional focus. As the results showed, evaluations were faster for all forward photos when the focus was on the action kinematics, but when the focus was on the object, evaluations were faster only for the last forward photo showing the final action state. These results seem to suggest that focusing on the object triggers a representation of the action goal and thus modulates the mental simulation underlying action anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ianì
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Torino, Via Verdi, 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- Centro di Logica, Linguaggio, e Cognizione, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Teresa Limata
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Torino, Via Verdi, 10, 10124, Turin, Italy.
| | - Ivan Nabil Ras
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Torino, Via Verdi, 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Bucciarelli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Torino, Via Verdi, 10, 10124, Turin, Italy
- Centro di Logica, Linguaggio, e Cognizione, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
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18
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Karimova ED, Ovakimian AS, Katermin NS. Live vs video interaction: sensorimotor and visual cortical oscillations during action observation. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae168. [PMID: 38679481 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, in the field of communication, education, and business, people are switching to video interaction, and interlocutors frequently complain that the perception of nonverbal information and concentration suffer. We investigated this issue by analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations of the sensorimotor (mu rhythm) and visual (alpha rhythm) cortex of the brain in an experiment with action observation live and on video. The mu rhythm reflects the activity of the mirror neuron system, and the occipital alpha rhythm shows the level of visual attention. We used 32-channel EEG recorded during live and video action observation in 83 healthy volunteers. The ICA method was used for selecting the mu- and alpha-components; the Fourier Transform was used to calculate the suppression index relative to the baseline (stationary demonstrator) of the rhythms. The main range of the mu rhythm was indeed sensitive to social movement and was highly dependent on the conditions of interaction-live or video. The upper mu-range appeared to be less sensitive to the conditions, but more sensitive to different movements. The alpha rhythm did not depend on the type of movement; however, a live performance initially caused a stronger concentration of visual attention. Thus, subtle social and nonverbal perceptions may suffer in remote video interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Karimova
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology of Human Higher Nervous Activity, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS (IHNA&NPh RAS), 5A Butlerova street, 117485 Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - Alena S Ovakimian
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology of Human Higher Nervous Activity, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS (IHNA&NPh RAS), 5A Butlerova street, 117485 Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - Nikita S Katermin
- Flow cytometry data processing group, BostonGene Technologies, Hrachya Qochar Str., 2A, 0033, Yerevan, Armenia
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19
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Wang Y, Zhao Q, Shan X, Lu Y. Coping strategies and brain activity in table tennis players faced with discrepancies between predicted and actual outcomes. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:665-675. [PMID: 38780523 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2358291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that experts possess an excellent ability for action anticipation. However, it is not clear how experts process the discrepancies between predicted outcomes and actual outcomes. Based on Bayesian theory, Experiment 1 in the current study explored this question by categorizing unexpected outcomes into gradually increasing discrepancies and comparing the performance of experts and novices on a congruence discrimination task. Our behavioral analysis revealed that experts outperformed novices significantly in detecting these discrepancies. The following electroencephalogram study in Experiment 2 was conducted focused exclusively on experts to examine the role of theta wave oscillations within the mid-frontal cortex in processing varying levels of discrepancy. The results showed that reaction time and theta oscillations gradually increased as the magnitude of discrepancy increased. These findings indicate that compared to the novices, experts have a better ability to perceptual the discrepancy. Also, the magnitude of discrepancies induced an increase in mid-frontal theta in experts, providing greater flexibility in their response strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyue Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Shan
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzhi Lu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Cognition Assessment and Regulation of the General Administration of Sport of China, Shanghai, China
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20
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Peng Y, Yang X, Yang J. The Role of the Motor System in L1 and L2 Action Verb Processing for Chinese Learners of English: Evidence from Mu Rhythm Desynchronization. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:268. [PMID: 38667064 PMCID: PMC11047514 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The nature of semantic representation has long been a key question in linguistic research. The Embodied Cognition theory challenges the traditional view of language representation, stating that semantic information stems from the sensory-motor cortex, which is activated automatically during semantic processing. However, most of the evidence comes from monolingual studies; it remains unclear whether second-language (L2) comprehension involves different semantic representations or mirrors the pattern seen in first-language (L1) processing. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of the sensory-motor system in language processing via making Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings during the processing of L1 and L2 action verbs. The results showed that L1 (Chinese) action verbs generated higher mu-event-related desynchronization (ERD) than L1 abstract verbs in the early processing stage (250 ms after verb presentation), and the same phenomenon was also observed for L2 (English). The results also indicated that language modulated the processing of action verbs, with L1 action verbs eliciting stronger ERD than L2 action verbs. These results demonstrate that the sensory-motor cortex plays a crucial role in comprehending both L1 and L2 action verbs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shifa Chen
- College of Foreign Languages, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yule Peng
- College of Foreign Languages, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
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21
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Amara S, Al-Hadabi B, El-Ashkar H, Gmada N, Habacha H, Mkaouer B. Does dynamic balance affect cube mental rotation task in badminton vs. volleyball female players? BMC Psychol 2024; 12:131. [PMID: 38454516 PMCID: PMC10921765 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changing from a static to a dynamic balance condition could affect the performance of a cognitive task such as mental rotation. Thus, the main goal of this study is to investigate aspects of visual-spatial cognition between two non-contact sports (i.e., badminton and volleyball) in different upright conditions (i.e., standing position, frontal balance, and sagittal balance). METHODS Thirty-five volunteer female sports and physical education students, fourteen specialists in badminton and twenty-one specialists in volleyball agreed to participate in this study. Each of the assessments was a 3D cube mental rotation task with and/or without balance exercises (i.e., frontal and/or sagittal balance) on a wobble board. Five stimuli were used in the mental rotation task (i.e., 45°, 135°, 180°, 225° and 315° for objected-based cube condition with egocentric transformation) which included pairs of standard and comparison images. RESULTS The findings indicate that there was a notable decrease (p < 0.001; d = 1.745) in response time in both dynamic balance conditions (i.e., frontal and sagittal balance) compared to standing position condition. In addition, results revealed significant interaction between balance conditions (i.e., frontal and/or sagittal balance) and groups (i.e., badminton and volleyball) in the response time at 225° angle and in the error percentage. CONCLUSIONS In sum, dynamic balance is also an activity that involves mental manipulation of objects in 3D space, which can enhance badminton and volleyball female players' ability to rotate 3D cube stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Amara
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Badriya Al-Hadabi
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Heba El-Ashkar
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nabil Gmada
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hamdi Habacha
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bessem Mkaouer
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
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22
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Morrone JM, Pedlar CR. EEG-based neurophysiological indices for expert psychomotor performance - a review. Brain Cogn 2024; 175:106132. [PMID: 38219415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A primary objective of current human neuropsychological performance research is to define the physiological correlates of adaptive knowledge utilization, in order to support the enhanced execution of both simple and complex tasks. Within the present article, electroencephalography-based neurophysiological indices characterizing expert psychomotor performance, will be explored. As a means of characterizing fundamental processes underlying efficient psychometric performance, the neural efficiency model will be evaluated in terms of alpha-wave-based selective cortical processes. Cognitive and motor domains will initially be explored independently, which will act to encapsulate the task-related neuronal adaptive requirements for enhanced psychomotor performance associating with the neural efficiency model. Moderating variables impacting the practical application of such neuropsychological model, will also be investigated. As a result, the aim of this review is to provide insight into detectable task-related modulation involved in developed neurocognitive strategies which support heightened psychomotor performance, for the implementation within practical settings requiring a high degree of expert performance (such as sports or military operational settings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin M Morrone
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health, and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK.
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health, and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
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23
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Christensen JF, Khorsandi S, Wald-Fuhrmann M. Iranian classical dance as a subject for empirical research: An elusive genre. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1533:51-72. [PMID: 38319099 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Dance has entered mainstream empirical research: dance as an experimental stimulus, and dancers as movement experts. Informed by several sources, including primary sources (original, historical documents, and oral reports, such as interviews with practitioners and academic scholars of Iranian dance genres) and secondary sources (research literature), we describe what we label "Iranian classical dance" within this paper as an important resource for empirical research, not only in humanities scholarship but also, and importantly, for empirical aesthetics, emotion psychology, cross-cultural psychology, and affective neuroscience. For this purpose, we (1) describe the aesthetics, characteristics, and history of Iranian classical dance; (2) outline issues of definition and systematization; and (3) give an overview of the cultural complexities and sociopolitical issues regarding Iranian classical dance in the past 40 years, which have shaped its current form. After the political revolution of 1979 (Iranian solar calendar year: 1358), dance in Iran-both as everyday practice and as a cultural heritage-was first forbidden, and now remains heavily restricted. International, interdisciplinary research teams can contribute to safeguarding Iranian classical dance in the future by firmly enshrining it into empirical research on human dance. We outline empirical research perspectives on Iranian classical dance, dataset resources, and expert communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F Christensen
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Wald-Fuhrmann
- Department of Music, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany
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24
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Chiappini E, Turrini S, Zanon M, Marangon M, Borgomaneri S, Avenanti A. Driving Hebbian plasticity over ventral premotor-motor projections transiently enhances motor resonance. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:211-220. [PMID: 38387557 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Making sense of others' actions relies on the activation of an action observation network (AON), which maps visual information about observed actions onto the observer's motor system. This motor resonance process manifests in the primary motor cortex (M1) as increased corticospinal excitability finely tuned to the muscles engaged in the observed action. Motor resonance in M1 is facilitated by projections from higher-order AON regions. However, whether manipulating the strength of AON-to-M1 connectivity affects motor resonance remains unclear. METHODS We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 48 healthy humans. Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) was administered over M1 and the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), a key AON node, to induce spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in the pathway connecting them. Single-pulse TMS assessed motor resonance during action observation. RESULTS Before ccPAS, action observation increased corticospinal excitability in the muscles corresponding to the observed movements, reflecting motor resonance in M1. Notably, ccPAS aimed at strengthening projections from PMv to M1 (PMv→M1) induced short-term enhancement of motor resonance. The enhancement specifically occurred with the ccPAS configuration consistent with forward PMv→M1 projections and dissipated 20 min post-stimulation; ccPAS administered in the reverse order (M1→PMv) and sham stimulation did not affect motor resonance. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence that inducing STDP to strengthen PMv input to M1 neurons causally enhances muscle-specific motor resonance in M1. Our study sheds light on the plastic mechanisms that shape AON functionality and demonstrates that exogenous manipulation of AON connectivity can influence basic mirror mechanisms that underlie social perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Chiappini
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010, Vienna, Austria; Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Marco Zanon
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mattia Marangon
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Biomedicina e Scienze del Movimento, Sezione di Fisiologia e Psicologia, Università di Verona, 37124, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica Del Maule, 346000, Talca, Chile.
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Büning C, Steinberg C, Lausberg H. Impact of Diversification on Movement Self-Perception and Movement Performance in University Sports Students. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:197-206. [PMID: 37037797 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2174489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: It has been acknowledged that accurate movement self-perception is a crucial prerequisite for reaching high levels of movement expertise in sports. The influence of distinct educational environments (specialization vs. diversification) on movement self-perception has thus far, however, mainly been tested in short-term investigations. Method: Therefore, a longitudinal study spanning two-and-a-half years was conducted with sports students from two conceptually different sports study programs. A total of 72 sports students from a convergent-oriented program (COSP, n = 38) and a diversification-oriented study program (DOSP, n = 34) participated in the standardized BAST® movement analysis at the beginning and end of their studies. Results: While, at the end of their sports studies, COSP showed no significant changes in movement self-perception, DOSP students' movement self-perception increased significantly in five out of eight movement tasks of the BAST®. DOSP students, furthermore, developed a strong relationship between movement self-perception and movement performance at the end of their sports studies. Conclusion: Sports students benefit from engaging in a broad variety of different sports, allowing them to develop an accurate movement self-perception in relation to their movement performance. The influences of divergent learning experiences and diversification on movement self-perception, as well as, practical implications for the development of process-oriented learning environments that promote students' movement performance by refining movement habits or adapting new movement patterns, were discussed.
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26
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Chen YH, Huang SK. The influence of pitcher handedness on pitch-calling behavior: Insights from fMRI study on baseball umpires. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14501. [PMID: 38217057 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
This functional magnetic resonance imaging study delves into the impact of experience and pitcher handedness on the pitch-calling behavior of baseball umpires. Expert and intermediate umpires were asked to make ball/strike calls on videotaped pitches of left- and right-handed pitchers and rate their certainty for the call while undergoing scanning. Behavioral results replicated previous findings that expert umpires were more certain but not more accurate or quicker than intermediate umpires, suggesting that, as sports officials, umpires may learn to project confidence to maintain control of the game. At the neural level, expert umpires exhibited more extensive and pronounced activations within the action observation network, dorsal striatum, and cerebellum. These heightened neural responses were probably associated with their enhanced visual processing abilities for pitching action and ball trajectory, honed over years of officiating. Notably, both expert and intermediate umpires exhibited decreased accuracy when judging pitches from left-handed pitchers compared to right-handed ones. These challenges in accuracy corresponded with weaker neural activations in the aforementioned brain regions, implying difficulties in processing specific visual details of the rarely encountered left-handed pitchers. Moreover, slightly longer reaction times and reduced uncertainty were observed particularly for left-handed ball pitches, as revealed by lower activation in the right premotor cortex, highlighting issues with predictive processing. In summary, our findings shed light on the influence of pitcher handedness on the pitch-calling behavior of baseball umpires and extend the current understanding of the perceptual and decision-making behavior of sports officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kuei Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Gao K, He H, Lu B, Xie Q, Lu J, Yao D, Luo C, Li G. Discrepant changes in structure-function coupling in dancers and musicians. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae068. [PMID: 38489785 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dance and music are well known to improve sensorimotor skills and cognitive functions. To reveal the underlying mechanism, previous studies focus on the brain plastic structural and functional effects of dance and music training. However, the discrepancy training effects on brain structure-function relationship are still blurred. Thus, proficient dancers, musicians, and controls were recruited in this study. The graph signal processing framework was employed to quantify the region-level and network-level relationship between brain function and structure. The results showed the increased coupling strength of the right ventromedial putamen in the dance and music groups. Distinctly, enhanced coupling strength of the ventral attention network, increased coupling strength of the right inferior frontal gyrus opercular area, and increased function connectivity of coupling function signal between the right and left middle frontal gyrus were only found in the dance group. Besides, the dance group indicated enhanced coupling function connectivity between the left inferior parietal lobule caudal area and the left superior parietal lobule intraparietal area compared with the music groups. The results might illustrate dance and music training's discrepant effect on the structure-function relationship of the subcortical and cortical attention networks. Furthermore, dance training seemed to have a greater impact on these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Hui He
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Bao Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Qiushui Xie
- Beijing Dance Academy, Wanshousi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Gujing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
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Gatti D, Günther F, Rinaldi L. A Body Map Beyond Perceptual Experience. J Cogn 2024; 7:22. [PMID: 38312940 PMCID: PMC10836159 DOI: 10.5334/joc.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The human body is perhaps the most ubiquitous and salient visual stimulus that we encounter in our daily lives. Given the prevalence of images of human bodies in natural scene statistics, it is no surprise that our mental representations of the body are thought to strongly originate from visual experience. Yet, little is still known about high-level cognitive representations of the body. Here, we retrieved a body map from natural language, taking this as a window into high-level cognitive processes. We first extracted a matrix of distances between body parts from natural language data and employed this matrix to extrapolate a body map. To test the effectiveness of this high-level body map, we then conducted a series of experiments in which participants were asked to classify the distance between pairs of body parts, presented either as words or images. We found that the high-level body map was systematically activated when participants were making these distance judgments. Crucially, the linguistic map explained participants' performance over and above the visual body map, indicating that the former cannot be simply conceived as a by-product of perceptual experience. These findings, therefore, establish the existence of a behaviorally relevant, high-level representation of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fritz Günther
- Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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29
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Liu L, Wang Y, Mou H, Zhou C, Liu T. Motor experience modulates neural processing of lexical action language: Evidence from rugby players. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 249:105369. [PMID: 38150793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The perceptual symbol theory proposes a sensorimotor simulation in language processing, emphasizing the role of motor experience. However, the neural basis of motor experience on lexical-level language processing remains little known. In the current fMRI study, we compared brain activation and task-based functional connectivity in 28 rugby players and 28 novices during rugby- specialized and daily verb processing. Distinct differences were observed between the two groups in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and left angular gyrus regions during specialized verb processing. Notably, intergroup functional connectivity was evident between the left superior temporal gyrus and the right precentral gyrus during specialized verb processing. This study contributes insights into the neural responses and connectivity patterns associated with motor experience at the lexical level, highlighting its potential impact on language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likai Liu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong Mou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tianze Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
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30
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Buchanan JJ, Cordova A. Spontaneity competes with intention to influence the coordination dynamics of interpersonal performance tendencies. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 93:103160. [PMID: 38000349 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that spontaneous visual coupling supports frequency entrainment, phase attraction, and intermittent interpersonal coordination when co-actors are switched from a no-vision (NV) to vision (V) context. In two experiments, co-actors started in a NV context while producing the same or different amplitude movements. The same amplitude resulted in similar self-paced frequencies, while different amplitudes resulted in disparate frequencies. In experiment 1, co-actors were instructed to maintain amplitude while receiving no instructions to coordinate their actions. Frequency and phase entrainment was limited in the V context even when co-actors started the NV context with the same amplitude. In experiment 2, co-actors were instructed to maintain amplitude and intentionally coordinate together, but not at a specific pattern. Significant frequency modulations occurred to maintain amplitude as the co-actors sought to coordinate their actions. With the open-ended instructions, co-actors produced in-phase and anti-phase coordination along with intermittent performance exhibited by shifts between a variety of stable relative phase patterns. The proposed hypotheses and findings are discussed within the context of a shared manifold representation for joint action contexts, with the coordination dynamics expressed by the HKB model of relative phase serving to conceptualization the representations in the shared manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Buchanan
- Texas A&M University, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Perception-Action Dynamics Lab, School of Education and Human Development, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Alberto Cordova
- University of Texas at San Antonio, College for Health, Community and Policy, Department of Kinesiology, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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Abel M, Buccino G, Binkofski F. Perception of robotic actions and the influence of gender. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1295279. [PMID: 38356771 PMCID: PMC10864477 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1295279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In our society interaction with robots is becoming more and more frequent since robots are not only used in the industry, but increasingly often in assistance and in health system. Perception of robots and their movements is crucial for their acceptance. Here we shortly review basic mechanisms of perception of actions, and then of perception of robotic and human movements. The literature demonstrates that there are commonalities, but also differences in the perception of human and robotic movements. Especially interesting are biologic gender differences in the perception of robotic movements. The results show that males seem to be more sensitive to the differences between robotic and anthropomorphic movements, whereas females seem not to perceive such differences. However, females transfer more anthropomorphic features to robotic movements. While looking at the brain activation during perception of humanoid and robotic movements in different genders one can conclude that different strategies are used; female seem to analyse robotic movements online, while male seem to use previous knowledge from interaction with robots. Further research is needed to specify more such gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Abel
- Special Education and Rehabilitation of Speech and Language Disabilities, Department of Rehabilitation and Special Education, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinand Binkofski
- Research Center Juelich GmbH, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Juelich, Germany
- Division for Clinical Cognitive Sciences, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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32
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Amara S, Al-Hadabi B, El-Ashkar H, Gmada N, Habacha H, Mkaouer B. Effect of dynamic balance on human mental rotation task in female badminton vs. volleyball players. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1338265. [PMID: 38274688 PMCID: PMC10808328 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1338265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aims to compare the mental rotation performance between two non-contact sports (i.e., badminton and volleyball) in different upright conditions (i.e., with and without dynamic balance). Methods Thirty-five female sports and physical education students voluntarily participated in the experiment, including fourteen specialists in badminton and twenty-one specialists in volleyball. The experiment involved a mental body rotation task with or without balance exercises on a wobble board. Results Badminton players outperformed volleyball players in the mental rotation tasks regardless of balance. More interestingly, the results revealed an overall decrease in reaction times when participants performed balance exercises simultaneously with mental rotation. Discussion Our findings suggest that introducing dynamic balance on a wobble board has immediate beneficial effects on the mental rotation performance of female badminton and volleyball players. These findings are discussed in the context of sport specificities and cognitive processing framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Amara
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Individual Sports, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Badria Al-Hadabi
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Heba El-Ashkar
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Water Sports Training, Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Nabil Gmada
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Habacha
- Department of Individual Sports, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Bessem Mkaouer
- Department of Individual Sports, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Moreno-Verdú M, Hamoline G, Van Caenegem EE, Waltzing BM, Forest S, Valappil AC, Khan AH, Chye S, Esselaar M, Campbell MJ, McAllister CJ, Kraeutner SN, Poliakoff E, Frank C, Eaves DL, Wakefield C, Boe SG, Holmes PS, Bruton AM, Vogt S, Wright DJ, Hardwick RM. Guidelines for reporting action simulation studies (GRASS): Proposals to improve reporting of research in motor imagery and action observation. Neuropsychologia 2024; 192:108733. [PMID: 37956956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Researchers from multiple disciplines have studied the simulation of actions through motor imagery, action observation, or their combination. Procedures used in these studies vary considerably between research groups, and no standardized approach to reporting experimental protocols has been proposed. This has led to under-reporting of critical details, impairing the assessment, replication, synthesis, and potential clinical translation of effects. We provide an overview of issues related to the reporting of information in action simulation studies, and discuss the benefits of standardized reporting. We propose a series of checklists that identify key details of research protocols to include when reporting action simulation studies. Each checklist comprises A) essential methodological details, B) essential details that are relevant to a specific mode of action simulation, and C) further points that may be useful on a case-by-case basis. We anticipate that the use of these guidelines will improve the understanding, reproduction, and synthesis of studies using action simulation, and enhance the translation of research using motor imagery and action observation to applied and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Moreno-Verdú
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium; Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Gautier Hamoline
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Elise E Van Caenegem
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Baptiste M Waltzing
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Forest
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ashika C Valappil
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK
| | - Adam H Khan
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK
| | - Samantha Chye
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK
| | - Maaike Esselaar
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Mark J Campbell
- Lero Esports Science Research Lab, Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department & Lero the Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Craig J McAllister
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah N Kraeutner
- Neuroplasticity, Imagery, And Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology & Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Canada
| | - Ellen Poliakoff
- Body Eyes and Movement (BEAM) Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Cornelia Frank
- Cognition, Imagery and Learning in Action Laboratory, Department of Sports and Movement Science, School of Educational and Cultural Studies, Osnabrueck University, Germany
| | - Daniel L Eaves
- Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Shaun G Boe
- Laboratory for Brain Recovery and Function, School of Physiotherapy and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Adam M Bruton
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK; : Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Perception and Action Group, Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, UK
| | - David J Wright
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Robert M Hardwick
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium.
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Cancer A, Pirola C, Fogassi L, Antonietti A. Influence of sport expertise in facilitating and inhibiting the recognition of the opponent's intentions in sailing. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 17:1285963. [PMID: 38259331 PMCID: PMC10800822 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1285963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Starting from the proposed role of the mirror neuron system in the recognition of the intention underlying the actions of others, an experimental paradigm was implemented to test the role of sailing motor expertise in predicting the outcome of a competitor's action. It was hypothesized that subjects with experience in sailing would correctly interpret the maneuver performed due to the activation of domain specific motor representations of the same movements and that subjects who practiced a sport different from sailing would perform worse because of the activation of irrelevant motor patterns. For doing so, a series of video clips, in which a professional sailor performed a tack or a feint, have been manipulated so that the video clips would stop at the moment of the dunkin, namely, when the boat acquires speed to tack or continue straight ahead. The task consisted in predicting whether the action following the dunkin was an actual tack or a feint. The performance of 87 subjects, divided into three subgroups (sailors, tennis players, sedentary), was evaluated in terms of accuracy in identifying the sailor's intentions and correlated to age, gender, manual dominance, education, job, hours spent weekly playing videogames, and experience in playing sports. Results showed that the percentage of correct identifications of the intention to do a tack or feint was the highest in the group of sailors and the lowest in tennis players. An inverse relation between tennis experience and ability in recognizing the sailor's intention was found in the group of tennis players. Gender, age, manual dominance, education, job, and experience with videogames were not found to be correlated with performance. Findings support the possible implication of the mirror neuron system in maneuver detection in sailing and may be a starting point for the development of psychological training in this sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cancer
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirola
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fogassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Gros P, Spee BTM, Bloem BR, Kalia LV. If Art Were a Drug: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:S159-S172. [PMID: 38788090 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and complex neurodegenerative disorder. Conventional pharmacological or surgical therapies alone are often insufficient at adequately alleviating disability. Moreover, there is an increasing shift toward person-centered care, emphasizing the concept of "living well". In this context, arts-based interventions offer great promise, functioning as platforms for creative expression that could provide novel mechanisms to promote quality of life. Here we present a qualitative review of arts-based interventions for PD, including music, dance, drama, visual arts, and creative writing. For each, we discuss their applications to PD, proposed mechanisms, evidence from prior studies, and upcoming research. We also provide examples of community-based projects. Studies to date have had relatively small sample sizes, but their findings suggest that arts-based interventions have the potential to reduce motor and non-motor symptoms. They may also empower people with PD and thereby address issues of self-esteem, foster personal problem-solving, and augment holistic well-being. However, there is a paucity of research determining optimal dosage and symptom-specific benefits of these therapies. If art were a drug, we would have to perform appropriately powered studies to provide these data before incorporating it into routine patient care. We therefore call for further research with properly designed studies to offer more rigorous and evidence-based support for what we intuitively think is a highly promising approach to support individuals living with PD. Given the possible positive impact on people's lives, arts-based approaches merit further development and, if proven to be effective, systematic inclusion within integrated management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Gros
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Blanca T M Spee
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorraine V Kalia
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hiromitsu Y, Ishikura T. Effects of Different Observational Angles in Learner-Chosen Video Self-Modeling on Task Acquisition and Retention. J Mot Behav 2023; 56:184-194. [PMID: 37964620 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2282069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the influence of different observational angles in video self-modeling on task acquisition and retention. We randomly assigned 42 Japanese university students to three camera-angle groups, i.e., a front-angle, a rear-angle, and a control group. The participants performed a 3 × 6 × 3 cup-stacking task with three sequential laps. The front- and rear-angle groups viewed video self-modeling created from previously self-chosen videos. The retention phase was conducted 1 week after the acquisition phase. The rear-angle group demonstrated the fastest movement times in the acquisition phase. Our findings indicate that viewing learner-chosen video self-modeling from a rear angle enhances motor skill acquisition but does not contribute to motor skill learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hiromitsu
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Ishikura
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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Monroy C, Wagner L. Finding Structure in Modern Dance. Cogn Sci 2023; 47:e13375. [PMID: 37950547 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that both adults and children organize familiar activity into discrete units with consistent boundaries, despite the dynamic, continuous nature of everyday experiences. However, less is known about how observers segment unfamiliar event sequences. In the current study, we took advantage of the novelty that is inherent in modern dance. Modern dance features natural human motion but does not contain canonical goals-therefore, observers cannot recruit prior goal-related knowledge to segment it. Our main aims were to identify whether observers segment modern dance into the steps intended by the dancers, and what types of cues contribute to segmentation under these circumstances. Experiment 1 used a classic event segmentation task and found that adults were able to consistently identify only a few of the dancers' intended steps. Experiment 2 tested adults in an offline labeling task. Results showed that steps which could more easily be labeled offline in Experiment 2 were more likely to be segmented online in Experiment 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Wagner
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University
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Fesce R, Gatti R. What networks in the brain system sustain imagination? FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1294866. [PMID: 38020245 PMCID: PMC10648867 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1294866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The brain cannot stop elaborating information. While the circuitries implied in processing sensory information, and those involved in programming and producing movements, have been extensively studied and characterized, what circuits elicit and sustain the endogenous activity (which might be referred to as imaginative activity) has not been clarified to a similar extent. The two areas which have been investigated most intensely are visual and motor imagery. Visual imagery mostly involves the same areas as visual processing and has been studied by having the subject face specific visual imagery tasks that are related to the use of the visual sketchpad as a component of the working memory system. Much less is known about spontaneous, free visual imagination, what circuits drive it, how and why. Motor imagery has been studied with several approaches: the neural circuits activated in the brain during performance of a movement have been compared with those involved in visually or kinaesthetically imagining performing the same movement, or in observing another person performing it. Some networks are similarly activated in these situations, although primary motor neurons are only activated during motor execution. Imagining the execution of an action seems unable to activate circuits involved in eliciting accompanying motor adjustments (such as postural adaptations) that are unconsciously (implicitly) associated to the execution of the movement. A more faithful neuronal activation is obtained through kinaesthetic motor imagination-imagining how it feels to perform the movement. Activation of sensory-motor and mirror systems, elicited by observing another person performing a transitive action, can also recruit circuits that sustain implicit motor responses that normally accompany the overt movement. This last aspect has originated the expanding and promising field of action observation therapy (AOT). The fact that the various kinds of motor imagery differentially involve the various brain networks may offer some hints on what neural networks sustain imagery in general, another activity that has an attentive component-recalling a memory, covertly rehearsing a speech, internally replaying a behaviour-and a vague, implicit component that arises from the freely flowing surfacing of internal images, not driven by intentional, conscious control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fesce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Rekik G, Jouira G, Belkhir Y, Jarraya M, Kuo CD, Chen YS. The effect of dynamic versus static visualizations on acquisition of basketball game actions: a diurnal study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18077. [PMID: 37872241 PMCID: PMC10593838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of time of day (TOD) on the acquisition of basketball game actions from dynamic and static visualizations in physical education students (novice practitioners). Participants were quasi-randomly assigned to three treatments (static pictures, enriched static-pictures, or video). Morning and late-afternoon sessions were conducted, involving study phases and immediate-recall tests [game comprehension (GC) test and game performance (GP) test]. Oral temperature (OT) and mood states (MS) were also measured. Compared to the morning, the results revealed that afternoon resulted in higher OT, higher negative MS (e.g., anxiety and fatigue), and lower positive MS (i.e., vigor) in all experimental conditions. Moreover, the results showed that: (a) GC and GP decreased throughout the day (regardless of treatments), (b) GC and GP were better with enriched static-pictures (with arrows) than with static pictures, at both TOD, and (c) the video resulted in better GC and GP than the two static presentations, at both TOD. This study (a) highlights the morning's superiority in the acquisition of motor skills from dynamic and static visualizations, due to mood disturbances and lower arousal levels, and (b) encourages basketball teachers to use video modeling by experts, particularly in the morning, for explaining tactical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Rekik
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ghada Jouira
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Belkhir
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cheng-Deng Kuo
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu County, 310, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hsiao Chung-Cheng Healthcare Group, New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Chen
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, No. 101, Sec. 2, Zhongcheng Rd., Shihlin Dist., Taipei City, 111, Taiwan.
- Exercise and Health Promotion Association, New Taipei City, 241, Taiwan.
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Ibáñez A, Kühne K, Miklashevsky A, Monaco E, Muraki E, Ranzini M, Speed LJ, Tuena C. Ecological Meanings: A Consensus Paper on Individual Differences and Contextual Influences in Embodied Language. J Cogn 2023; 6:59. [PMID: 37841670 PMCID: PMC10573819 DOI: 10.5334/joc.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Embodied theories of cognition consider many aspects of language and other cognitive domains as the result of sensory and motor processes. In this view, the appraisal and the use of concepts are based on mechanisms of simulation grounded on prior sensorimotor experiences. Even though these theories continue receiving attention and support, increasing evidence indicates the need to consider the flexible nature of the simulation process, and to accordingly refine embodied accounts. In this consensus paper, we discuss two potential sources of variability in experimental studies on embodiment of language: individual differences and context. Specifically, we show how factors contributing to individual differences may explain inconsistent findings in embodied language phenomena. These factors include sensorimotor or cultural experiences, imagery, context-related factors, and cognitive strategies. We also analyze the different contextual modulations, from single words to sentences and narratives, as well as the top-down and bottom-up influences. Similarly, we review recent efforts to include cultural and language diversity, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain disorders, as well as bilingual evidence into the embodiment framework. We address the importance of considering individual differences and context in clinical studies to drive translational research more efficiently, and we indicate recommendations on how to correctly address these issues in future research. Systematically investigating individual differences and context may contribute to understanding the dynamic nature of simulation in language processes, refining embodied theories of cognition, and ultimately filling the gap between cognition in artificial experimental settings and cognition in the wild (i.e., in everyday life).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), California, US
- Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland, IE
| | - Katharina Kühne
- Potsdam Embodied Cognition Group, Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, DE
| | - Alex Miklashevsky
- Potsdam Embodied Cognition Group, Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, DE
| | - Elisa Monaco
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Neurological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH
| | - Emiko Muraki
- Department of Psychology & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, CA
| | | | | | - Cosimo Tuena
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, IT
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41
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Craighero L, Granziol U, Sartori L. Digital Intentions in the Fingers: I Know What You Are Doing with Your Smartphone. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1418. [PMID: 37891787 PMCID: PMC10605869 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Every day, we make thousands of finger movements on the touchscreen of our smartphones. The same movements might be directed at various distal goals. We can type "What is the weather in Rome?" in Google to acquire information from a weather site, or we may type it on WhatsApp to decide whether to visit Rome with a friend. In this study, we show that by watching an agent's typing hands, an observer can infer whether the agent is typing on the smartphone to obtain information or to share it with others. The probability of answering correctly varies with age and typing style. According to embodied cognition, we propose that the recognition process relies on detecting subtle differences in the agent's movement, a skill that grows with sensorimotor competence. We expect that this preliminary work will serve as a starting point for further research on sensorimotor representations of digital actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Craighero
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Umberto Granziol
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Sartori
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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42
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Wittenbrink P, Janzen M, Jennert A, Strenge B. Expertise-dependent differences in mental representation metrics of pas de bourrée. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292133. [PMID: 37796799 PMCID: PMC10553204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise movement control is of prime importance in almost every kind of sport and greatly influences an athlete's performance. In dancing not only motor but also cognitive skills, e.g. in the form of memorized representational structures, are essential components of the performance. This study investigated different metrics related to the long-term memory of ballet dancers with different skill levels regarding the pas de bourrée using the structural-dimensional analysis of mental representations (SDA-M) method. To this end, the Correct Action Selection Probability Analysis (CASPA) algorithm, a recent SDA-M extension that predicts the individual probabilities of correct action selections within a movement sequence, has been applied in the context of dancing for the first time. Significant positive correlations were found between participants' degree of expertise and the proximity of their mental representation structure to the ideal reference structure, as well as between the degree of expertise and the probability of correct action selection within the movement sequence estimated by CASPA. The results indicate that increased training experience in ballet dancing is not only associated with functionally better structured mental representations of the movement sequence but also with a higher probability of correct action selection. These findings provide further evidence for SDA-M with CASPA as an auspicious tool for individualized task-related memory assessments and diagnostics in different action sequences, e.g. as the basis for mental training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Wittenbrink
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mira Janzen
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Antonia Jennert
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Benjamin Strenge
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Neurocognition and Action – Biomechanics Research Group, Center for Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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43
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Slivac K, Flecken M. Linguistic Priors for Perception. Top Cogn Sci 2023; 15:657-661. [PMID: 37335972 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
In this commentary, we approach the topic of linguistic relativity from a predictive coding perspective. Discussing the role of "priors" in shaping perception, we argue that language creates an important set of priors for humans, which can affect how sensory information is processed and interpreted. Namely, languages create conventionalized conceptual systems for their speakers, mirroring and reinforcing what is behaviorally important in a society. As such, they create collective conceptual convergence on how to categorize the world and thus "streamline" what people rely on to guide their perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Slivac
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig
| | - Monique Flecken
- Department of Literary Studies and Linguistics, University of Amsterdam
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44
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Labaune O, Deroche T, Castanier C, Berret B. On the perception of movement vigour. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023; 76:2329-2345. [PMID: 36376994 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221140986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is common to get the impression that someone moves rather slowly or quickly in everyday life. In motor control, the natural pace of movement is captured by the concept of vigour, which is often quantified from the speed or duration of goal-directed actions. A common phenomenon, here referred to as the vigour law, is that preferred speed and duration idiosyncratically increase with the magnitude of the motion. According to the direct-matching hypothesis, this vigour law could thus underlie the judgement of someone else's movement vigour. We conducted a series of three experiments (N = 80) to test whether the vigour law also exists in perception and whether it is linked to that of action. In addition to measuring participants' vigour, we also asked them to judge the quickness of stimuli representing horizontal arm reaching movements varying through amplitudes, speeds, and durations. Results showed that speed and duration of movements perceived as neither fast nor slow (i.e., natural pace) increased with amplitude, thereby indicating that the vigour law holds when an observer judges the natural pace of others' movements. Results also revealed that this judgement was population-based (related to the average vigour of all participants) rather than individual-based (participant's own vigour).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombeline Labaune
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Thomas Deroche
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Carole Castanier
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Bastien Berret
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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45
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Kitamura M, Yamamoto K, Oshima A, Kamibayashi K. Corticospinal excitability during observation of basketball free-throw movement: Effects of video playback speed and stimulus timing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292060. [PMID: 37768947 PMCID: PMC10538764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have indicated that action observation (AO) modulates corticospinal excitability. Although a few previous studies have shown that the AO of simple motor movements at a slow playback speed facilitates corticospinal excitability more than that at normal playback speed, it is unclear if this effect occurs during the AO of sport-related complex movements. Therefore, we investigated the changes in the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles during the AO of a basketball free-throw movement at three different playback speeds (100%, 75%, and 50% speeds). Additionally, we evaluated the effects of stimulus timing (holding the ball vs. releasing the ball for shooting) and motor expertise (expert basketball players vs. novices) on the MEP amplitude during the AO. Our results demonstrated that regardless of motor expertise, the MEP amplitude of the FCR muscle was significantly smaller in the 50% speed condition than in the 100% condition. In the ADM muscle, the MEP amplitude was significantly larger when the ball was held after dribbling than when the ball was released. Therefore, it is suggested that corticospinal excitability in specific muscles during the observation of complex whole-body movements is influenced by video playback speed and stimulus timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Kitamura
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oshima
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kamibayashi
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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46
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Aizu N, Sudo T, Oouchida Y, Izumi SI. Facilitation of imitative movement in patients with chronic hemiplegia triggered by illusory ownership. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16143. [PMID: 37752335 PMCID: PMC10522677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The sense of body ownership, the feeling that one's body belongs to oneself, is a crucial subjective conscious experience of one's body. Recent methodological advances regarding crossmodal illusions have provided novel insights into how multisensory interactions shape human perception and cognition, underpinning conscious experience, particularly alteration of body ownership. Moreover, in post-stroke rehabilitation, encouraging the use of the paretic limb in daily life is considered vital, as a settled sense of ownership and attentional engagement toward the paralyzed body part may promote increased frequency of its use and prevent learned nonuse. Therefore, in addition to traditional methods, novel interventions using neurorehabilitation techniques that induce self-body recognition are needed. This study investigated whether the illusory experience of a patient's ownership alterations of their paretic hand facilitates the enhancement in the range of motion of succeeding imitation movements. An experiment combining a modified version of the rubber hand illusion with imitation training was conducted with chronic hemiplegia. A larger imitation movement of the paretic hand was observed in the illusion-induced condition, indicating that the feeling of ownership toward the observed limb promotes the induction of intrinsic potential for motor performance. This training, using subjective experience, may help develop new post-stroke rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Aizu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tamami Sudo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
- Collective Intelligence Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Oouchida
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
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Wang H, Guo J, Pei S, Wang J, Yao Y. Upper limb modeling and motion extraction based on multi-space-fusion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16101. [PMID: 37752182 PMCID: PMC10522613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Modeling and motion extraction of human upper limbs are essential for interpreting the natural behavior of upper limb. Owing to the high degrees of freedom (DOF) and highly dynamic nature, existing upper limb modeling methods have limited applications. This study proposes a generic modeling and motion extraction method, named Primitive-Based triangular body segment method (P-BTBS), which follows the physiology of upper limbs, allows high accuracy of motion angles, and describes upper-limb motions with high accuracy. For utilizing the upper-limb modular motion model, the motion angles and bones can be selected as per the research topics (The generic nature of the study targets). Additionally, P-BTBS is suitable in most scenarios for estimating spatial coordinates (The generic nature of equipment and technology). Experiments in continuous motions with seven DOFs and upper-limb motion description validated the excellent performance and robustness of P-BTBS in extracting motion information and describing upper-limb motions, respectively. P-BTBS provides a new perspective and mathematical tool for human understanding and exploration of upper-limb motions, which theoretically supports upper-limb research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Junlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
- Tianzhi Institute of Innovation and Technology, Weihai, 264209, China.
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48
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Proietti R, Pezzulo G, Tessari A. An active inference model of hierarchical action understanding, learning and imitation. Phys Life Rev 2023; 46:92-118. [PMID: 37354642 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
We advance a novel active inference model of the cognitive processing that underlies the acquisition of a hierarchical action repertoire and its use for observation, understanding and imitation. We illustrate the model in four simulations of a tennis learner who observes a teacher performing tennis shots, forms hierarchical representations of the observed actions, and imitates them. Our simulations show that the agent's oculomotor activity implements an active information sampling strategy that permits inferring the kinematic aspects of the observed movement, which lie at the lowest level of the action hierarchy. In turn, this low-level kinematic inference supports higher-level inferences about deeper aspects of the observed actions: proximal goals and intentions. Finally, the inferred action representations can steer imitative responses, but interfere with the execution of different actions. Our simulations show that hierarchical active inference provides a unified account of action observation, understanding, learning and imitation and helps explain the neurobiological underpinnings of visuomotor cognition, including the multiple routes for action understanding in the dorsal and ventral streams and mirror mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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49
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Wu X, Wang X, Lu XJ, Kong YZ, Hu L. Enhanced neural synchrony associated with long-term ballroom dance training. Neuroimage 2023; 278:120301. [PMID: 37524169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term dance training offers numerous benefits, including improvements in physical health, posture, body coordination, and mental health and well-being. Since dance is an art form of body-to-body communication, professional dancers may share feelings and thoughts on dance with their partners, owing to their shared training experiences. Considering this perspective, one may expect that professional dancers would demonstrate pronounced neural similarities when viewing dancing videos, which could be associated with their training duration. To test these hypotheses, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data while presenting ballroom dancing and neutral video clips with long durations (∼100 s each) to 41 professional ballroom dancers (19 pairs of dance partners) and 39 age- and sex-matched nondancers. Our findings revealed that dancers exhibited broader and stronger neural similarities across the whole brain when watching dancing video clips, as compared to the control group. These increased neural similarities could be interpreted in at least two distinct ways. First, neural similarities in certain brain regions within the motor control circuit (i.e., frontal cortical-basal ganglia-thalamic circuit) were significantly correlated with dance-related information (e.g., dance partners' cooperation duration), which reinforced the impact of long-term dance training on neural synchronization. Second, neural similarities in other brain regions (e.g., memory-related brain regions) were significantly correlated with subjects' impression of the viewed videos (i.e., whether they have watched before, familiarity, and liking), which may not necessarily be directly linked to long-term dance training. Altogether, our study provided solid evidence for synchronized neural mechanisms in professional dancers due to long-term dance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue-Jing Lu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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50
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Heirani Moghaddam S, Sen D, Carson M, Mackowiak R, Markley R, Manson GA. The Impact of Limited Previous Motor Experience on Action Possibility Judgments in People with Spinal Muscle Atrophy. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1256. [PMID: 37759857 PMCID: PMC10526987 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that people with limited motor capabilities may rely on previous motor experience when making action possibility judgments for others. In the present study, we examined if having limited previous motor experience, as a consequence of spinal muscle atrophy (SMA), alters action possibility judgments. Participants with SMA and neurologically healthy (NH) sex- and age-matched controls performed a perceptual-motor judgment task using the Fitts's law paradigm. Participants observed apparent motion videos of reciprocal aiming movements with varying levels of difficulty. For each movement, participants predicted the shortest movement time (MT) at which a neurologically healthy young adult could accurately perform the task. Participants with SMA predicted significantly longer MTs compared to controls; however, the predicted MTs of both SMA and NH participants exhibited a Fitts's law relationship (i.e., the predicted MTs significantly increased as movement difficulty increased). Overall, these results provide evidence that participants with SMA who have limited, or no motor experience may make more conservative action possibility judgments for others. Critically, our finding that the pattern of action possibility judgments was not different between SMA and NH groups suggests that limited previous motor experience may not completely impair action possibility judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilara Sen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Megan Carson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robert Mackowiak
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rachel Markley
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gerome Aleandro Manson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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