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Wood AM, Thompson-Harvey A, Kesser BW. Vertiginous epilepsy in the pediatric population. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1403536. [PMID: 39036629 PMCID: PMC11259007 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1403536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vertiginous epilepsy (VE) is a rare and underrecognized epilepsy subtype in the pediatric population. Vertiginous symptoms are the sole or predominant feature, arise from the vestibular cortex, and seizures are usually brief. The incidence is estimated to be between six and 15 percent of pediatric patients presenting with dizziness. Diagnosis is often delayed for many years following the onset of symptoms, as there are no widely accepted diagnostic criteria. Diagnostic work-up should include a detailed history, physical exam, EEG, and brain imaging with MRI. Vestibular testing is helpful if peripheral vestibulopathy is suspected. Vertiginous epilepsy can have many possible causes, but a large majority are idiopathic or suspected to be genetic. Most patients with vertiginous epilepsy achieve seizure freedom with anti-seizure medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Wood
- Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Adam Thompson-Harvey
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Otology and Neurotology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Bradley W. Kesser
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Otology and Neurotology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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2
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Electrical stimulation of the peripheral and central vestibular system using noninvasive (galvanic vestibular stimulation, GVS) or invasive (intracranial electrical brain stimulation, iEBS) approaches have a long history of use in studying self-motion perception and balance control. The aim of this review is to summarize recent electrophysiological studies of the effects of GVS, and functional mapping of the central vestibular system using iEBS in awake patients. RECENT FINDINGS The use of GVS has become increasingly common in the assessment and treatment of a wide range of clinical disorders including vestibulopathy and Parkinson's disease. The results of recent single unit recording studies have provided new insight into the neural mechanisms underlying GVS-evoked improvements in perceptual and motor responses. Furthermore, the application of iEBS in patients with epilepsy or during awake brain surgery has provided causal evidence of vestibular information processing in mostly the middle cingulate cortex, posterior insula, inferior parietal lobule, amygdala, precuneus, and superior temporal gyrus. SUMMARY Recent studies have established that GVS evokes robust and parallel activation of both canal and otolith afferents that is significantly different from that evoked by natural head motion stimulation. Furthermore, there is evidence that GVS can induce beneficial neural plasticity in the central pathways of patients with vestibular loss. In addition, iEBS studies highlighted an underestimated contribution of areas in the medial part of the cerebral hemispheres to the cortical vestibular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lopez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience (LNC), FR3C, Marseille, France
| | - Kathleen E. Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205 MD, USA
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3
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Ertl M, Zu Eulenburg P, Woller M, Mayadali Ü, Boegle R, Dieterich M. Vestibular mapping of the naturalistic head-centered motion spectrum. J Vestib Res 2023; 33:299-312. [PMID: 37458057 DOI: 10.3233/ves-210121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturalistic head accelerations can be used to elicit vestibular evoked potentials (VestEPs). These potentials allow for analysis of cortical vestibular processing and its multi-sensory integration with a high temporal resolution. METHODS We report the results of two experiments in which we compared the differential VestEPs elicited by randomized translations, rotations, and tilts in healthy subjects on a motion platform. RESULTS An event-related potential (ERP) analysis revealed that established VestEPs were verifiable in all three acceleration domains (translations, rotations, tilts). A further analysis of the VestEPs showed a significant correlation between rotation axes (yaw, pitch, roll) and the amplitude of the evoked potentials. We found increased amplitudes for rotations in the roll compared to the pitch and yaw plane. A distributed source localization analysis showed that the activity in the cingulate sulcus visual (CSv) area best explained direction-dependent amplitude modulations of the VestEPs, but that the same cortical network (posterior insular cortex, CSv) is involved in processing vestibular information, regardless of the motion direction. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence for an anisotropic, direction-dependent processing of vestibular input by cortical structures. The data also suggest that area CSv plays an integral role in ego-motion perception and interpretation of spatial features such as acceleration direction and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ertl
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Zu Eulenburg
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (IFBLMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Woller
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ümit Mayadali
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Boegle
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (IFBLMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (IFBLMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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4
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Hadi Z, Mahmud M, Pondeca Y, Calzolari E, Chepisheva M, Smith RM, Rust HM, Sharp DJ, Seemungal BM. The human brain networks mediating the vestibular sensation of self-motion. J Neurol Sci 2022; 443:120458. [PMID: 36332321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vestibular Agnosia - where peripheral vestibular activation triggers the usual reflex nystagmus response but with attenuated or no self-motion perception - is found in brain disease with disrupted cortical network functioning, e.g. traumatic brain injury (TBI) or neurodegeneration (Parkinson's Disease). Patients with acute focal hemispheric lesions (e.g. stroke) do not manifest vestibular agnosia. Thus, brain network mapping techniques, e.g. resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI), are needed to interrogate functional brain networks mediating vestibular agnosia. Hence, we prospectively recruited 39 acute TBI patients with preserved peripheral vestibular function and obtained self-motion perceptual thresholds during passive yaw rotations in the dark and additionally acquired whole-brain rsfMRI in the acute phase. Following quality-control checks, 26 patient scans were analyzed. Using self-motion perceptual thresholds from a matched healthy control group, 11 acute TBI patients were classified as having vestibular agnosia versus 15 with normal self-motion perception thresholds. Using independent component analysis on the rsfMRI data, we found altered functional connectivity in bilateral lingual gyrus and temporo-occipital fusiform cortex in the vestibular agnosia patients. Moreover, regions of interest analyses showed both inter-hemispheric and intra-hemispheric network disruption in vestibular agnosia. In conclusion, our results show that vestibular agnosia is mediated by bilateral anterior and posterior network dysfunction and reveal the distributed brain mechanisms mediating vestibular self-motion perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaeem Hadi
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Mohammad Mahmud
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Yuscah Pondeca
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Elena Calzolari
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Mariya Chepisheva
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Rebecca M Smith
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Heiko M Rust
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK; Neurology, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David J Sharp
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Barry M Seemungal
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK.
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5
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Effects of motion paradigm on human perception of tilt and translation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1430. [PMID: 35082357 PMCID: PMC8792002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of varying sinusoidal linear acceleration on perception of human motion was examined using 4 motion paradigms: off-vertical axis rotation, variable radius centrifugation, linear lateral translation, and rotation about an earth-horizontal axis. The motion profiles for each paradigm included 6 frequencies (0.01–0.6 Hz) and 5 tilt amplitudes (5°–20°). Subjects verbally reported the perceived angle of their whole-body tilt and the peak-to-peak translation of their head in space and used a joystick capable of recording 2-axis motion in the sagittal and transversal planes to indicate the phase between the perceived and actual motions. The amplitudes of perceived tilt and translation were expressed in terms of gain, i.e., the ratio of perceived tilt to equivalent tilt angle, and the ratio of perceived translation to equivalent linear displacement. Tilt perception gain decreased, whereas translation perception gain increased, with increasing frequency. During off-vertical axis rotation, the phase of tilt perception and of translation perception did not vary across stimulus frequencies. These motion paradigms elicited similar responses in roll tilt and interaural perception of translation, with differences likely due to the influence of naso-occipital linear accelerations and input to the semicircular canals that varied across motion paradigms.
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Jamali M, Carriot J, Chacron MJ, Cullen KE. Coding strategies in the otolith system differ for translational head motion vs. static orientation relative to gravity. eLife 2019; 8:45573. [PMID: 31199243 PMCID: PMC6590985 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of gravito-inertial forces by the otolith system is essential for our sense of balance and accurate perception. To date, however, how this system encodes the self-motion stimuli that are experienced during everyday activities remains unknown. Here, we addressed this fundamental question directly by recording from single otolith afferents in monkeys during naturalistic translational self-motion and changes in static head orientation. Otolith afferents with higher intrinsic variability transmitted more information overall about translational self-motion than their regular counterparts, owing to stronger nonlinearities that enabled precise spike timing including phase locking. By contrast, more regular afferents better discriminated between different static head orientations relative to gravity. Using computational methods, we further demonstrated that coupled increases in intrinsic variability and sensitivity accounted for the observed functional differences between afferent classes. Together, our results indicate that irregular and regular otolith afferents use different strategies to encode naturalistic self-motion and static head orientation relative to gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Jamali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jerome Carriot
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
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7
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Guterman PS, Allison RS. The A-Effect and Global Motion. Vision (Basel) 2019; 3:vision3020013. [PMID: 31735814 PMCID: PMC6802772 DOI: 10.3390/vision3020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
When the head is tilted, an objectively vertical line viewed in isolation is typically perceived as tilted. We explored whether this shift also occurs when viewing global motion displays perceived as either object-motion or self-motion. Observers stood and lay left side down while viewing (1) a static line, (2) a random-dot display of 2-D (planar) motion or (3) a random-dot display of 3-D (volumetric) global motion. On each trial, the line orientation or motion direction were tilted from the gravitational vertical and observers indicated whether the tilt was clockwise or counter-clockwise from the perceived vertical. Psychometric functions were fit to the data and shifts in the point of subjective verticality (PSV) were measured. When the whole body was tilted, the perceived tilt of both a static line and the direction of optic flow were biased in the direction of the body tilt, demonstrating the so-called A-effect. However, we found significantly larger shifts for the static line than volumetric global motion as well as larger shifts for volumetric displays than planar displays. The A-effect was larger when the motion was experienced as self-motion compared to when it was experienced as object-motion. Discrimination thresholds were also more precise in the self-motion compared to object-motion conditions. Different magnitude A-effects for the line and motion conditions—and for object and self-motion—may be due to differences in combining of idiotropic (body) and vestibular signals, particularly so in the case of vection which occurs despite visual-vestibular conflict.
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8
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Gu Y. Vestibular signals in primate cortex for self-motion perception. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 52:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Frank SM, Greenlee MW. The parieto-insular vestibular cortex in humans: more than a single area? J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1438-1450. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00907.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the structure and function of a core region in the vestibular cortex of humans that is located in the midposterior Sylvian fissure and referred to as the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC). Previous studies have investigated PIVC by using vestibular or visual motion stimuli and have observed activations that were distributed across multiple anatomical structures, including the temporo-parietal junction, retroinsula, parietal operculum, and posterior insula. However, it has remained unclear whether all of these anatomical areas correspond to PIVC and whether PIVC responds to both vestibular and visual stimuli. Recent results suggest that the region that has been referred to as PIVC in previous studies consists of multiple areas with different anatomical correlates and different functional specializations. Specifically, a vestibular but not visual area is located in the parietal operculum, close to the posterior insula, and likely corresponds to the nonhuman primate PIVC, while a visual-vestibular area is located in the retroinsular cortex and is referred to, for historical reasons, as the posterior insular cortex area (PIC). In this article, we review the anatomy, connectivity, and function of PIVC and PIC and propose that the core of the human vestibular cortex consists of at least two separate areas, which we refer to together as PIVC+. We also review the organization in the nonhuman primate brain and show that there are parallels to the proposed organization in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M. Frank
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mark W. Greenlee
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Laurens J, Liu S, Yu XJ, Chan R, Dickman D, DeAngelis GC, Angelaki DE. Transformation of spatiotemporal dynamics in the macaque vestibular system from otolith afferents to cortex. eLife 2017; 6:e20787. [PMID: 28075326 PMCID: PMC5226653 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory signals undergo substantial recoding when neural activity is relayed from sensors through pre-thalamic and thalamic nuclei to cortex. To explore how temporal dynamics and directional tuning are sculpted in hierarchical vestibular circuits, we compared responses of macaque otolith afferents with neurons in the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei, as well as five cortical areas, to identical three-dimensional translational motion. We demonstrate a remarkable spatio-temporal transformation: otolith afferents carry spatially aligned cosine-tuned translational acceleration and jerk signals. In contrast, brainstem and cerebellar neurons exhibit non-linear, mixed selectivity for translational velocity, acceleration, jerk and position. Furthermore, these components often show dissimilar spatial tuning. Moderate further transformation of translation signals occurs in the cortex, such that similar spatio-temporal properties are found in multiple cortical areas. These results suggest that the first synapse represents a key processing element in vestibular pathways, robustly shaping how self-motion is represented in central vestibular circuits and cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Laurens
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States,Zhejiang University Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Raymond Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - David Dickman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Gregory C DeAngelis
- Deptartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Dora E Angelaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States,
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11
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Cheng Z, Gu Y. Distributed Representation of Curvilinear Self-Motion in the Macaque Parietal Cortex. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1013-1023. [PMID: 27117412 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about translations and rotations of the body is critical for complex self-motion perception during spatial navigation. However, little is known about the nature and function of their convergence in the cortex. We measured neural activity in multiple areas in the macaque parietal cortex in response to three different types of body motion applied through a motion platform: translation, rotation, and combined stimuli, i.e., curvilinear motion. We found a continuous representation of motion types in each area. In contrast to single-modality cells preferring either translation-only or rotation-only stimuli, convergent cells tend to be optimally tuned to curvilinear motion. A weighted summation model captured the data well, suggesting that translation and rotation signals are integrated subadditively in the cortex. Interestingly, variation in the activity of convergent cells parallels behavioral outputs reported in human psychophysical experiments. We conclude that representation of curvilinear self-motion perception is widely distributed in the primate sensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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13
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Gale S, Prsa M, Schurger A, Gay A, Paillard A, Herbelin B, Guyot JP, Lopez C, Blanke O. Oscillatory neural responses evoked by natural vestibular stimuli in humans. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:1228-42. [PMID: 26683063 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00153.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While there have been numerous studies of the vestibular system in mammals, less is known about the brain mechanisms of vestibular processing in humans. In particular, of the studies that have been carried out in humans over the last 30 years, none has investigated how vestibular stimulation (VS) affects cortical oscillations. Here we recorded high-density electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy human subjects and a group of bilateral vestibular loss patients (BVPs) undergoing transient and constant-velocity passive whole body yaw rotations, focusing our analyses on the modulation of cortical oscillations in response to natural VS. The present approach overcame significant technical challenges associated with combining natural VS with human electrophysiology and reveals that both transient and constant-velocity VS are associated with a prominent suppression of alpha power (8-13 Hz). Alpha band suppression was localized over bilateral temporo-parietal scalp regions, and these alpha modulations were significantly smaller in BVPs. We propose that suppression of oscillations in the alpha band over temporo-parietal scalp regions reflects cortical vestibular processing, potentially comparable with alpha and mu oscillations in the visual and sensorimotor systems, respectively, opening the door to the investigation of human cortical processing under various experimental conditions during natural VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gale
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Prsa
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Schurger
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annietta Gay
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Paillard
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Guyot
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lopez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NIA UMR 7260, Marseille, France; and
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Comparison of postural responses to galvanic vestibular stimulation between pilots and the general populace. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:567690. [PMID: 25632395 PMCID: PMC4302968 DOI: 10.1155/2015/567690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can be used to study the body's response to vestibular stimuli. This study aimed to investigate whether postural responses to GVS were different between pilots and the general populace. Bilateral bipolar GVS was applied with a constant-current profile to 12 pilots and 12 control subjects via two electrodes placed over the mastoid processes. Both GVS threshold and the center of pressure's trajectory (COP's trajectory) were measured. Position variability of COP during spontaneous body sway and peak displacement of COP during GVS-induced body sway were calculated in the medial-lateral direction. Spontaneous body sway was slight for all subjects, and there was no significant difference in the value of COP position variability between the pilots and controls. Both the GVS threshold and magnitude of GVS-induced body deviation were similar for different GVS polarities. GVS thresholds were similar between the two groups, but the magnitude of GVS-induced body deviation in the controls was significantly larger than that in the pilots. The pilots showed less GVS-induced body deviation, meaning that pilots may have a stronger ability to suppress vestibular illusions.
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Mazzola L, Lopez C, Faillenot I, Chouchou F, Mauguière F, Isnard J. Vestibular responses to direct stimulation of the human insular cortex. Ann Neurol 2014; 76:609-19. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Mazzola
- Neurology Department; University Hospital; St-Etienne
- Team “Central Integration of Pain”; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1028, National Center for Scientific Research Mixed Unit of Research 5292; Lyon
- Jean Monnet University; St-Etienne
| | - Christophe Lopez
- Aix Marseille University, National Center for Scientific Research, Integrative and Adaptative Neurosciences Mixed Unit of Research 7260; Marseille
| | - Isabelle Faillenot
- Neurology Department; University Hospital; St-Etienne
- Team “Central Integration of Pain”; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1028, National Center for Scientific Research Mixed Unit of Research 5292; Lyon
- Jean Monnet University; St-Etienne
| | - Florian Chouchou
- Team “Central Integration of Pain”; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1028, National Center for Scientific Research Mixed Unit of Research 5292; Lyon
| | - François Mauguière
- Team “Central Integration of Pain”; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1028, National Center for Scientific Research Mixed Unit of Research 5292; Lyon
- Functional Neurology and Epilepsy Department; Neurological Hospital, Civil Hospices of Lyon; Lyon
- Claude Bernard University; Lyon France
| | - Jean Isnard
- Team “Central Integration of Pain”; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1028, National Center for Scientific Research Mixed Unit of Research 5292; Lyon
- Functional Neurology and Epilepsy Department; Neurological Hospital, Civil Hospices of Lyon; Lyon
- Claude Bernard University; Lyon France
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von Brevern M, Süßmilch S, Zeise D. Acute vertigo due to hemispheric stroke. J Neurol Sci 2014; 339:153-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Shinder ME, Newlands SD. Sensory convergence in the parieto-insular vestibular cortex. J Neurophysiol 2014; 111:2445-64. [PMID: 24671533 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00731.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular signals are pervasive throughout the central nervous system, including the cortex, where they likely play different roles than they do in the better studied brainstem. Little is known about the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), an area of the cortex with prominent vestibular inputs. Neural activity was recorded in the PIVC of rhesus macaques during combinations of head, body, and visual target rotations. Activity of many PIVC neurons was correlated with the motion of the head in space (vestibular), the twist of the neck (proprioceptive), and the motion of a visual target, but was not associated with eye movement. PIVC neurons responded most commonly to more than one stimulus, and responses to combined movements could often be approximated by a combination of the individual sensitivities to head, neck, and target motion. The pattern of visual, vestibular, and somatic sensitivities on PIVC neurons displayed a continuous range, with some cells strongly responding to one or two of the stimulus modalities while other cells responded to any type of motion equivalently. The PIVC contains multisensory convergence of self-motion cues with external visual object motion information, such that neurons do not represent a specific transformation of any one sensory input. Instead, the PIVC neuron population may define the movement of head, body, and external visual objects in space and relative to one another. This comparison of self and external movement is consistent with insular cortex functions related to monitoring and explains many disparate findings of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Shinder
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Shawn D Newlands
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Laurens J, Meng H, Angelaki DE. Neural representation of orientation relative to gravity in the macaque cerebellum. Neuron 2014; 80:1508-18. [PMID: 24360549 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge for maintaining spatial orientation and interacting with the world is knowledge of our orientation relative to gravity, i.e., head tilt. Sensing gravity is complicated because of Einstein's equivalence principle, in which gravitational and translational accelerations are physically indistinguishable. Theory has proposed that this ambiguity is solved by tracking head tilt through multisensory integration. Here we identify a group of Purkinje cells in the caudal cerebellar vermis with responses that reflect an estimate of head tilt. These tilt-selective cells are complementary to translation-selective Purkinje cells, such that their population activities sum to the net gravitoinertial acceleration encoded by the otolith organs, as predicted by theory. These findings reflect the remarkable ability of the cerebellum for neural computation and provide quantitative evidence for a neural representation of gravity, whose calculation relies on long-postulated theoretical concepts such as internal models and Bayesian priors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Laurens
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dora E Angelaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Spatiotemporal properties of optic flow and vestibular tuning in the cerebellar nodulus and uvula. J Neurosci 2013; 33:15145-60. [PMID: 24048845 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2118-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Convergence of visual motion and vestibular information is essential for accurate spatial navigation. Such multisensory integration has been shown in cortex, e.g., the dorsal medial superior temporal (MSTd) and ventral intraparietal (VIP) areas, but not in the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC). Whether similar convergence occurs subcortically remains unknown. Many Purkinje cells in vermal lobules 10 (nodulus) and 9 (uvula) of the macaque cerebellum are tuned to vestibular translation stimuli, yet little is known about their visual motion responsiveness. Here we show the existence of translational optic flow-tuned Purkinje cells, found exclusively in the anterior part of the nodulus and ventral uvula, near the midline. Vestibular responses of Purkinje cells showed a remarkable similarity to those in MSTd (but not PIVC or VIP) neurons, in terms of both response latency and relative contributions of velocity, acceleration, and position components. In contrast, the spatiotemporal properties of optic flow responses differed from those in MSTd, and matched the vestibular properties of these neurons. Compared with MSTd, optic flow responses of Purkinje cells showed smaller velocity contributions and larger visual motion acceleration responses. The remarkable similarity between the nodulus/uvula and MSTd vestibular translation responsiveness suggests a functional coupling between the two areas for vestibular processing of self-motion information.
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Laurens J, Meng H, Angelaki DE. Computation of linear acceleration through an internal model in the macaque cerebellum. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16:1701-8. [PMID: 24077562 PMCID: PMC3818145 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A combination of theory and behavioral findings has supported a role for internal models in the resolution of sensory ambiguities and sensorimotor processing. Although the cerebellum has been proposed as a candidate for implementation of internal models, concrete evidence from neural responses is lacking. Here we exploit un-natural motion stimuli, which induce incorrect self-motion perception and eye movements, to explore the neural correlates of an internal model proposed to compensate for Einstein’s equivalence principle and generate neural estimates of linear acceleration and gravity. We show that caudal cerebellar vermis Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei neurons selective for actual linear acceleration also encode erroneous linear acceleration, as expected from the internal model hypothesis, even when no actual linear acceleration occurs. These findings provide strong evidence that the cerebellum might be involved in the implementation of internal models that mimic physical principles to interpret sensory signals, as previously hypothesized by theorists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Laurens
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Becker-Bense S, Buchholz HG, zu Eulenburg P, Best C, Bartenstein P, Schreckenberger M, Dieterich M. Ventral and dorsal streams processing visual motion perception (FDG-PET study). BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:81. [PMID: 22800430 PMCID: PMC3467181 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier functional imaging studies on visually induced self-motion perception (vection) disclosed a bilateral network of activations within primary and secondary visual cortex areas which was combined with signal decreases, i.e., deactivations, in multisensory vestibular cortex areas. This finding led to the concept of a reciprocal inhibitory interaction between the visual and vestibular systems. In order to define areas involved in special aspects of self-motion perception such as intensity and duration of the perceived circular vection (CV) or the amount of head tilt, correlation analyses of the regional cerebral glucose metabolism, rCGM (measured by fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography, FDG-PET) and these perceptual covariates were performed in 14 healthy volunteers. For analyses of the visual-vestibular interaction, the CV data were compared to a random dot motion stimulation condition (not inducing vection) and a control group at rest (no stimulation at all). RESULTS Group subtraction analyses showed that the visual-vestibular interaction was modified during CV, i.e., the activations within the cerebellar vermis and parieto-occipital areas were enhanced. The correlation analysis between the rCGM and the intensity of visually induced vection, experienced as body tilt, showed a relationship for areas of the multisensory vestibular cortical network (inferior parietal lobule bilaterally, anterior cingulate gyrus), the medial parieto-occipital cortex, the frontal eye fields and the cerebellar vermis. The "earlier" multisensory vestibular areas like the parieto-insular vestibular cortex and the superior temporal gyrus did not appear in the latter analysis. The duration of perceived vection after stimulus stop was positively correlated with rCGM in medial temporal lobe areas bilaterally, which included the (para-)hippocampus, known to be involved in various aspects of memory processing. The amount of head tilt was found to be positively correlated with the rCGM of bilateral basal ganglia regions responsible for the control of motor function of the head. CONCLUSIONS Our data gave further insights into subfunctions within the complex cortical network involved in the processing of visual-vestibular interaction during CV. Specific areas of this cortical network could be attributed to the ventral stream ("what" pathway) responsible for the duration after stimulus stop and to the dorsal stream ("where/how" pathway) responsible for intensity aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Becker-Bense
- Department of Neurolog, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany
- German Vertigo / Dizziness Center (IFB LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Buchholz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr 1, Mainz 55101, Germany
| | - Peter zu Eulenburg
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr 1, Mainz 55101, Germany
| | - Christoph Best
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr 1, Mainz 55101, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany
- German Vertigo / Dizziness Center (IFB LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Matthias Schreckenberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr 1, Mainz 55101, Germany
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurolog, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany
- German Vertigo / Dizziness Center (IFB LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany
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Yu XJ, Dickman JD, Angelaki DE. Detection thresholds of macaque otolith afferents. J Neurosci 2012; 32:8306-16. [PMID: 22699911 PMCID: PMC3403680 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1067-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system is our sixth sense and is important for spatial perception functions, yet the sensory detection and discrimination properties of vestibular neurons remain relatively unexplored. Here we have used signal detection theory to measure detection thresholds of otolith afferents using 1 Hz linear accelerations delivered along three cardinal axes. Direction detection thresholds were measured by comparing mean firing rates centered on response peak and trough (full-cycle thresholds) or by comparing peak/trough firing rates with spontaneous activity (half-cycle thresholds). Thresholds were similar for utricular and saccular afferents, as well as for lateral, fore/aft, and vertical motion directions. When computed along the preferred direction, full-cycle direction detection thresholds were 7.54 and 3.01 cm/s(2) for regular and irregular firing otolith afferents, respectively. Half-cycle thresholds were approximately double, with excitatory thresholds being half as large as inhibitory thresholds. The variability in threshold among afferents was directly related to neuronal gain and did not depend on spike count variance. The exact threshold values depended on both the time window used for spike count analysis and the filtering method used to calculate mean firing rate, although differences between regular and irregular afferent thresholds were independent of analysis parameters. The fact that minimum thresholds measured in macaque otolith afferents are of the same order of magnitude as human behavioral thresholds suggests that the vestibular periphery might determine the limit on our ability to detect or discriminate small differences in head movement, with little noise added during downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Jie Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Lopez C, Blanke O, Mast FW. The human vestibular cortex revealed by coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neuroscience 2012; 212:159-79. [PMID: 22516007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The vestibular system contributes to the control of posture and eye movements and is also involved in various cognitive functions including spatial navigation and memory. These functions are subtended by projections to a vestibular cortex, whose exact location in the human brain is still a matter of debate (Lopez and Blanke, 2011). The vestibular cortex can be defined as the network of all cortical areas receiving inputs from the vestibular system, including areas where vestibular signals influence the processing of other sensory (e.g. somatosensory and visual) and motor signals. Previous neuroimaging studies used caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS), galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), and auditory stimulation (clicks and short-tone bursts) to activate the vestibular receptors and localize the vestibular cortex. However, these three methods differ regarding the receptors stimulated (otoliths, semicircular canals) and the concurrent activation of the tactile, thermal, nociceptive and auditory systems. To evaluate the convergence between these methods and provide a statistical analysis of the localization of the human vestibular cortex, we performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies using CVS, GVS, and auditory stimuli. We analyzed a total of 352 activation foci reported in 16 studies carried out in a total of 192 healthy participants. The results reveal that the main regions activated by CVS, GVS, or auditory stimuli were located in the Sylvian fissure, insula, retroinsular cortex, fronto-parietal operculum, superior temporal gyrus, and cingulate cortex. Conjunction analysis indicated that regions showing convergence between two stimulation methods were located in the median (short gyrus III) and posterior (long gyrus IV) insula, parietal operculum and retroinsular cortex (Ri). The only area of convergence between all three methods of stimulation was located in Ri. The data indicate that Ri, parietal operculum and posterior insula are vestibular regions where afferents converge from otoliths and semicircular canals, and may thus be involved in the processing of signals informing about body rotations, translations and tilts. Results from the meta-analysis are in agreement with electrophysiological recordings in monkeys showing main vestibular projections in the transitional zone between Ri, the insular granular field (Ig), and SII.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lopez
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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zu Eulenburg P, Caspers S, Roski C, Eickhoff S. Meta-analytical definition and functional connectivity of the human vestibular cortex. Neuroimage 2012; 60:162-9. [PMID: 22209784 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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A comparison of vestibular spatiotemporal tuning in macaque parietoinsular vestibular cortex, ventral intraparietal area, and medial superior temporal area. J Neurosci 2011; 31:3082-94. [PMID: 21414929 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4476-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular responses have been reported in the parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC), the ventral intraparietal area (VIP), and the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) of macaques. However, differences between areas remain largely unknown, and it is not clear whether there is a hierarchy in cortical vestibular processing. We examine the spatiotemporal characteristics of macaque vestibular responses to translational motion stimuli using both empirical and model-based analyses. Temporal dynamics of direction selectivity were similar across areas, although there was a gradual shift in the time of peak directional tuning, with responses in MSTd typically being delayed by 100-150 ms relative to responses in PIVC (VIP was intermediate). Responses as a function of both stimulus direction and time were fit with a spatiotemporal model consisting of separable spatial and temporal response profiles. Temporal responses were characterized by a Gaussian function of velocity, a weighted sum of velocity and acceleration, or a weighted sum of velocity, acceleration, and position. Velocity and acceleration components contributed most to response dynamics, with a gradual shift from acceleration dominance in PIVC to velocity dominance in MSTd. The position component contributed little to temporal responses overall, but was substantially larger in MSTd than PIVC or VIP. The overall temporal delay in model fits also increased substantially from PIVC to VIP to MSTd. This gradual transformation of temporal responses suggests a hierarchy in cortical vestibular processing, with PIVC being most proximal to the vestibular periphery and MSTd being most distal.
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