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Pitoy M, Gauthier L, Debatisse J, Maulavé J, Météreau E, Beaudoin M, Portier K, Sgambato V, Billard T, Zimmer L, Lancelot S, Tremblay L. SB-258585 reduces food motivation while blocking 5-HT 6 receptors in the non-human primate striatum. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110970. [PMID: 38354894 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The interest in new 5-HT₆ agents stems from their ability to modulate cognition processing, food motivation and anxiety-like behaviors. While these findings come primarily from rodent studies, no studies on primates have been published. Furthermore, our understanding of where and how they act in the brain remains limited. Although the striatum is involved in all of these processes and expresses the highest levels of 5-HT₆ receptors, few studies have focused on it. We thus hypothesized that 5-HT6 receptor blockade would influence food motivation and modulate behavioral expression in non-human primates through striatal 5-HT6 receptors. This study thus aimed to determine the effects of acute administration of the SB-258585 selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist on the feeding motivation and behaviors of six male macaques. Additionally, we investigated potential 5-HT6 targets using PET imaging to measure 5-HT6 receptor occupancy throughout the brain and striatal subregions. We used a food-choice task paired with spontaneous behavioral observations, checking 5-HT6 receptor occupancy with the specific PET imaging [18F]2FNQ1P radioligand. We demonstrated, for the first time in non-human primates, that modulation of 5-HT6 transmission, most likely through the striatum (the putamen and caudate nucleus), significantly reduces food motivation while exhibiting variable, weaker effects on behavior. While these results are consistent with the literature showing a decrease in food intake in rodents and proposing that 5-HT6 receptor antagonists can be used in obesity treatment, they question the antagonists' anxiolytic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pitoy
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France.
| | - Lisa Gauthier
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Justine Debatisse
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Maulavé
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elise Météreau
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Maude Beaudoin
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karine Portier
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, CREFAC, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; UCBL, CNRS, INSERM, CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Trajectoire, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Véronique Sgambato
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Luc Zimmer
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France; CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France; CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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Pasquereau B, Drui G, Saga Y, Richard A, Millot M, Météreau E, Sgambato V, Tobler PN, Tremblay L. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment retunes emotional valence in primate ventral striatum. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2073-2082. [PMID: 33692476 PMCID: PMC8505611 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-00991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used to treat psychiatric disorders with affective biases such as depression and anxiety. How SSRIs exert a beneficial action on emotions associated with life events is still unknown. Here we ask whether and how the effectiveness of the SSRI fluoxetine is underpinned by neural mechanisms in the ventral striatum. To address these issues, we studied the spiking activity of neurons in the ventral striatum of monkeys during an approach-avoidance task in which the valence assigned to sensory stimuli was manipulated. Neural responses to positive and negative events were measured before and during a 4-week treatment with fluoxetine. We conducted PET scans to confirm that fluoxetine binds within the ventral striatum at a therapeutic dose. In our monkeys, fluoxetine facilitated approach of rewards and avoidance of punishments. These beneficial effects were associated with changes in tonic and phasic activities of striatal neurons. Fluoxetine increased the spontaneous firing rate of striatal neurons and amplified the number of cells responding to rewards versus punishments, reflecting a drug-induced positive shift in the processing of emotionally valenced information. These findings reveal how SSRI treatment affects ventral striatum neurons encoding positive and negative valence and striatal signaling of emotional information. In addition to a key role in appetitive processing, our results shed light on the involvement of the ventral striatum in aversive processing. Together, the ventral striatum appears to play a central role in the action of SSRIs on emotion processing biases commonly observed in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pasquereau
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France. .,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Guillaume Drui
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yosuke Saga
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Augustin Richard
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathilde Millot
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elise Météreau
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Véronique Sgambato
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe N. Tobler
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Léon Tremblay
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Amemori KI, Amemori S, Gibson DJ, Graybiel AM. Striatal Beta Oscillation and Neuronal Activity in the Primate Caudate Nucleus Differentially Represent Valence and Arousal Under Approach-Avoidance Conflict. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:89. [PMID: 32116529 PMCID: PMC7019018 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach-avoidance (Ap–Av) conflict arises when an individual has to decide whether to accept or reject a compound offer that has features indicating both reward and punishment. During value judgments of likes and dislikes, arousal responses simultaneously emerge and influence reaction times and the frequency of behavioral errors. In Ap–Av decision-making, reward and punishment differentially influence valence and arousal, allowing us to dissociate their neural processing. The primate caudate nucleus (CN) has been implicated in affective judgment, but it is still unclear how neural responses in the CN represent decision-related variables underlying choice. To address this issue, we recorded spikes and local field potentials (LFPs) from the CN while macaque monkeys performed an Ap–Av decision-making task. We analyzed 450 neuronal units and 667 beta oscillatory activities recorded during the performance of the task. To examine how these activities represented valence, we focused on beta-band responses and unit activities that encoded the chosen value (ChV) of the compound offer as derived from an econometric model. Unit activities exhibited either positive (65.0% = 26/40) or negative (35.0% = 14/40) correlations with the ChV, whereas beta responses exhibited almost exclusively positive correlations with the ChV (98.4% = 62/63). We examined arousal representation by focusing on beta responses and unit activities that encoded the frequency of omission errors (FOE), which were negatively correlated with arousal. The unit activities were either positively (65.3% = 17/26) or negatively (34.6% = 9/26) correlated with the FOE, whereas the beta responses were almost entirely positively correlated with the FOE (95.8% = 23/24). We found that the temporal onset of the beta-band responses occurred sequentially across conditions: first, the negative-value, then low-arousal, and finally, high-value conditions. These findings suggest the distinctive roles of CN beta oscillations that were sequentially activated for the valence and arousal conditions. By identifying dissociable groups of CN beta-band activity responding in relation to valence and arousal, we demonstrate that the beta responses mainly exhibited selective activation for the high-valence and low-arousal conditions, whereas the unit activities simultaneously recorded in the same experiments responded to chosen value and other features of decision-making under approach-avoidance conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Amemori
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Satoko Amemori
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Daniel J Gibson
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Martinez E, Pasquereau B, Saga Y, Météreau É, Tremblay L. The anterior caudate nucleus supports impulsive choices triggered by pramipexole. Mov Disord 2019; 35:296-305. [PMID: 31737954 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist used as a treatment in PD and restless legs syndrome to reduce motor symptoms, but it often induces impulse control disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders tend to make more impulsive choices in the delay discounting task, that is, they choose small immediate rewards over larger delayed ones more often than patients without impulse control disorders and healthy subjects do. Yet the site of action of pramipexole that produces these impulsive choices remains unknown. Based on the heterogeneity of corticostriatal projections and the massive dopamine innervation of the striatum, we hypothesized that impulsive choices triggered by dopamine treatments may be supported by a specific striatal territory. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine by which anteriorstriatum territory the Pramipexole trigger impulsive choices; the caudate nucleus, the ventral striatum or the putamen. METHODS We compared pramipexole intramuscular injections to intracerebral microinjections within the three striatal territories in healthy monkeys trained to execute the delay discounting task, a behavioral paradigm typically used to evaluate impulsive choices. RESULTS We found that pramipexole intramuscular injections induced impulsive choices in all monkeys. Local microinjections were performed inside the anterior caudate nucleus, ventral striatum, and anterior putamen and reproduced those impulsive choices when pramipexole was directly injected into the caudate nucleus, whereas injections into the ventral striatum or putamen had no effect on monkeys' choices. CONCLUSIONS These results, consistent with clinical studies, suggest that impulsive choices triggered by pramipexole are supported by the caudate nucleus, allowing us to emphasize the importance of dopamine modulation inside this striatal territory in decision processes underlying impulsive behaviors. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martinez
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229, Bron, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Yosuke Saga
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229, Bron, France
| | - Élise Météreau
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229, Bron, France
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229, Bron, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Saga Y, Ruff CC, Tremblay L. Disturbance of approach‐avoidance behaviors in non‐human primates by stimulation of the limbic territories of basal ganglia and anterior insula. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:687-700. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Saga
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod UMR‐5229 CNRS 67 Boulevard Pinel 69675 Bron Cedex France
| | - Christian C. Ruff
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research Department of Economics University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod UMR‐5229 CNRS 67 Boulevard Pinel 69675 Bron Cedex France
- Université Claude‐Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
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Amemori KI, Amemori S, Gibson DJ, Graybiel AM. Striatal Microstimulation Induces Persistent and Repetitive Negative Decision-Making Predicted by Striatal Beta-Band Oscillation. Neuron 2018; 99:829-841.e6. [PMID: 30100255 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Persistent thoughts inducing irrationally pessimistic and repetitive decisions are often symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders. Regional neural hyperactivities have been associated with these disorders, but it remains unclear whether there is a specific brain region causally involved in these persistent valuations. Here, we identified potential sources of such persistent states by microstimulating the striatum of macaques performing a task by which we could quantitatively estimate their subjective pessimistic states using their choices to accept or reject conflicting offers. We found that this microstimulation induced irrationally repetitive choices with negative evaluations. Local field potentials recorded in the same microstimulation sessions exhibited modulations of beta-band oscillatory activity that paralleled the persistent negative states influencing repetitive decisions. These findings demonstrate that local striatal zones can causally affect subjective states influencing persistent negative valuation and that abnormal beta-band oscillations can be associated with persistency in valuation accompanied by an anxiety-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Amemori
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Satoko Amemori
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel J Gibson
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Sgambato V, Tremblay L. Pathophysiology of dyskinesia and behavioral disorders in non-human primates: the role of serotonergic fibers. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1145-1156. [PMID: 29502255 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The MPTP monkey model of Parkinson's disease (PD) has allowed huge advances regarding the understanding of the pathological mechanisms of PD and L-DOPA-induced adverse effects. Among the main findings were the imbalance between the efferent striatal pathways in opposite directions between the hypokinetic and hyperkinetic states of PD. In both normal and parkinsonian monkeys, the combination of behavioral and anatomical studies has allowed the deciphering of the cortico-basal ganglia circuits involved in both movement and behavioral disorders. A major breakthrough has then been made regarding the hypothesis of the involvement of serotonergic fibers in the conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine when dopaminergic neurons are dying and to release it, in an uncontrolled manner, as serotonergic neurons are deprived from the machinery required for buffering dopamine from the synaptic cleft. The crucial involvement of serotonergic fibers underlying L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) has been demonstrated in both rodent and monkey models of PD, in which dyskinesia induced by L-DOPA is abolished following lesion of the serotonergic system. Moreover, the role of serotonergic fibers goes well beyond dyskinesia, as lesioning of such serotonergic fibers by MDMA in the monkey also decreased other L-DOPA-induced adverse effects such as impulsive compulsive behaviors and visual hallucinations. The same pathological mechanism, i.e., an imbalance between serotonin and dopamine terminals may, therefore, favor L-DOPA-induced adverse effects according to the basal ganglia territory it inhabits. Further non-human primate studies will be needed to demonstrate the role of such a pathological mechanism in both movement and behavioral disorders driven by L-DOPA therapy but also to determine the causal link between serotonin lesions and the expression of non-motor symptoms like apathy, depression and anxiety, frequently observed in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Sgambato
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Univ Lyon, CNRS, 69675, Bron, France.
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Univ Lyon, CNRS, 69675, Bron, France
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Albin RL. Tourette syndrome: a disorder of the social decision-making network. Brain 2018; 141:332-347. [PMID: 29053770 PMCID: PMC5837580 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome is a common neurodevelopmental disorder defined by characteristic involuntary movements, tics, with both motor and phonic components. Tourette syndrome is usually conceptualized as a basal ganglia disorder, with an emphasis on striatal dysfunction. While considerable evidence is consistent with these concepts, imaging data suggest diffuse functional and structural abnormalities in Tourette syndrome brain. Tourette syndrome exhibits features that are difficult to explain solely based on basal ganglia circuit dysfunctions. These features include the natural history of tic expression, with typical onset of tics around ages 5 to 7 years and exacerbation during the peri-pubertal years, marked sex disparity with higher male prevalence, and the characteristic distribution of tics. The latter are usually repetitive, somewhat stereotyped involuntary eye, facial and head movements, and phonations. A major functional role of eye, face, and head movements is social signalling. Prior work in social neuroscience identified a phylogenetically conserved network of sexually dimorphic subcortical nuclei, the Social Behaviour Network, mediating many social behaviours. Social behaviour network function is modulated developmentally by gonadal steroids and social behaviour network outputs are stereotyped sex and species specific behaviours. In 2011 O'Connell and Hofmann proposed that the social behaviour network interdigitates with the basal ganglia to form a greater network, the social decision-making network. The social decision-making network may have two functionally complementary limbs: the basal ganglia component responsible for evaluation of socially relevant stimuli and actions with the social behaviour network component responsible for the performance of social acts. Social decision-making network dysfunction can explain major features of the neurobiology of Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome may be a disorder of social communication resulting from developmental abnormalities at several levels of the social decision-making network. The social decision-making network dysfunction hypothesis suggests new avenues for research in Tourette syndrome and new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Parkinson’s Disease Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Yael D, Vinner E, Bar-Gad I. Pathophysiology of tic disorders. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1171-8. [PMID: 26179434 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tics are the defining symptom of Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders (TDs); however, they form only a part of their overall symptoms. The recent surge of studies addressing the underlying pathophysiology of tics has revealed an intricate picture involving multiple brain areas and complex pathways. The myriad of pathophysiological findings stem, at least partially, from the multifaceted properties of tics and the disorders that express them. Distinct brain pathways mediate the expression of tics, whereas others are involved in the generation of the premonitory urge, associated comorbidities, and other changes in brain state. Expression of these symptoms is controlled by additional networks underlying voluntary suppression by the patient or those reflecting overall behavioral state. This review aims to simplify the complex picture of tic pathophysiology by dividing it into these key components based on converging data from human and animal model studies. Thus, involvement of the corticobasal ganglia pathway and its interaction with motor, sensory, limbic, and executive networks in each of the components as well as their control by different neuromodulators is described. This division enables a focused definition of the neuronal systems involved in each of these processes and allows a better understanding of the pathophysiology of TDs as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Yael
- The Leslie & Susan Goldschmied (Gonda) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Esther Vinner
- The Leslie & Susan Goldschmied (Gonda) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Izhar Bar-Gad
- The Leslie & Susan Goldschmied (Gonda) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Tremblay L, Worbe Y, Thobois S, Sgambato-Faure V, Féger J. Selective dysfunction of basal ganglia subterritories: From movement to behavioral disorders. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1155-70. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Léon Tremblay
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives-UMR 5229; CNRS-Université de Lyon 1; Bron France
| | - Yulia Worbe
- UPMC Université Paris 6, UMR-S975, CRICM-Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives-UMR 5229; CNRS-Université de Lyon 1; Bron France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Neurologie C; Lyon France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux; Lyon France
| | | | - Jean Féger
- UPMC Université Paris 6, UMR-S975, CRICM-Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
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Towards a primate model of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Anatomo-behavioural correlation of disorders induced by striatal dysfunction. Cortex 2013; 49:1126-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Franco V, Turner RS. Testing the contributions of striatal dopamine loss to the genesis of parkinsonian signs. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 47:114-25. [PMID: 22498034 PMCID: PMC3358361 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse and independently-varying signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) are often attributed to one simple mechanism: degeneration of the dopaminergic innervation of the posterolateral striatum. However, growing recognition of the dopamine (DA) loss and other pathology in extra-striatal brain regions has led to uncertainty whether loss of DA in the striatum is sufficient to cause parkinsonian signs. We tested this hypothesis by infusing cis-flupenthixol (cis-flu; a broad-spectrum D1/D2 receptor antagonist) into different regions of the macaque putamen (3 hemispheres of 2 monkeys) while the animal performed a visually-cued choice reaction time task in which visual cues indicated the arm to reach with and the peripheral target to contact to obtain food reward. Following reward delivery, the animal was required to self-initiate release of the peripheral target and return of the chosen hand to its home position (i.e., without the benefit of external sensory cues or immediate rewards). Infusions of cis-flu at 15 of 26 sites induced prolongations of reaction time (9 of 15 cases), movement duration (6 cases), and/or dwell time of the hand at the peripheral target (8 cases). Dwell times were affected more severely (+95%) than visually-triggered reaction times or movement durations (+25% and +15%, respectively). Specifically, the animal's hand often 'froze' at the peripheral target for up to 25-s, similar to the akinetic freezing episodes observed in PD patients. Across injections, slowing of self-initiation did not correlate in severity with prolongations of visually-triggered reaction time or movement duration, although the latter two were correlated with each other. Episodes of slowed self-initiation appeared primarily in the arm contralateral to the injected hemisphere and were not associated with increased muscle co-contraction or global alterations in behavioral state (i.e., inattention or reduced motivation), consistent with the idea that these episodes reflected a fundamental impairment of movement initiation. We found no evidence for an anatomic topography within the putamen for the effects elicited. We conclude that acute focal blockade of DA transmission in the putamen is sufficient to induce marked akinesia-like impairments. Furthermore, different classes of impairments can be induced independently, suggesting that specific parkinsonian signs have unique pathophysiologic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Franco
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261-0001, USA
| | - Robert S. Turner
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261-0001, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261-0001, USA
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