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Tharawadeepimuk K, Limroongreungrat W, Pilanthananond M, Nanbancha A. Auditory Cue Effects on Gait-Phase-Dependent Electroencephalogram (EEG) Modulations during Overground and Treadmill Walking. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1548. [PMID: 38475084 DOI: 10.3390/s24051548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Walking rehabilitation following injury or disease involves voluntary gait modification, yet the specific brain signals underlying this process remains unclear. This aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an auditory cue on changes in brain activity when walking overground (O) and on a treadmill (T) using an electroencephalogram (EEG) with a 32-electrode montage. Employing a between-group repeated-measures design, 24 participants (age: 25.7 ± 3.8 years) were randomly allocated to either an O (n = 12) or T (n = 12) group to complete two walking conditions (self-selected speed control (sSC) and speed control (SC)). The differences in brain activities during the gait cycle were investigated using statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM). The addition of an auditory cue did not modify cortical activity in any brain area during the gait cycle when walking overground (all p > 0.05). However, significant differences in EEG activity were observed in the delta frequency band (0.5-4 Hz) within the sSC condition between the O and T groups. These differences occurred at the central frontal (loading phase) and frontocentral (mid stance phase) brain areas (p < 0.05). Our data suggest auditory cueing has little impact on modifying cortical activity during overground walking. This may have practical implications in neuroprosthesis development for walking rehabilitation, sports performance optimization, and overall human quality-of-life improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ampika Nanbancha
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Inhibiting saccades to a social stimulus: a developmental study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4615. [PMID: 32165671 PMCID: PMC7067843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Faces are an important source of social signal throughout the lifespan. In adults, they have a prioritized access to the orienting system. Here we investigate when this effect emerges during development. We tested 139 children, early adolescents, adolescents and adults in a mixed pro- and anti-saccades task with faces, cars or noise patterns as visual targets. We observed an improvement in performance until about 15 years of age, replicating studies that used only meaningless stimuli as targets. Also, as previously reported, we observed that adults made more direction errors to faces than abstract patterns and cars. The children showed this effect too with regards to noise patterns but it was not specific since performance for cars and faces did not differ. The adolescents, in contrast, made more errors for faces than for cars but as many errors for noise patterns and faces. In all groups latencies for pro-saccades were faster towards faces. We discuss these findings with regards to the development of executive control in childhood and adolescence and the influence of social stimuli at different ages.
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Salvia E, Harvey M, Nazarian B, Grosbras M. Social perception drives eye-movement related brain activity: Evidence from pro- and anti-saccades to faces. Neuropsychologia 2020; 139:107360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Alterations of social attention in mental disorders: Phenomenology, scope, and future directions for research. Conscious Cogn 2020; 79:102884. [PMID: 32032824 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders often involve changes in the way subjects attend to other people. However, the nature of these modifications and how they unfold in different pathologies are not sufficiently clear. This article addresses these issues from the perspective of phenomenological psychopathology. The primary goal of the article is to suggest a new way of assessing and distinguishing the alterations of social attention in subjects with mental disorders. The first part of the article characterizes the essential properties of a capacity for social attention based on multidisciplinary evidence. This model is then used to examine anomalies in social attention in autism, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, and social anxiety disorder. The analysis of alterations in the way subjects with different types of pathologies attend to and with others is followed by a threefold typology, which clarifies the phenomenal nature of impairments of social attention in mental disorders.
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Levy J, Bader O. Graded Empathy: A Neuro-Phenomenological Hypothesis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:554848. [PMID: 33329092 PMCID: PMC7732462 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.554848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroscience of empathy has enormously expanded in the past two decades, thereby making instrumental progress for the understanding of neural substrates involved in affective and cognitive aspects of empathy. Yet, these conclusions have relied on ultrasimplified tasks resulting in the affective/cognitive dichotomy that was often modeled and overemphasized in pathological, developmental, and genetic studies of empathy. As such, the affective/cognitive model of empathy could not straightforwardly accommodate and explain the recent surge of neuroscientific data obtained from studies employing naturalistic approaches and intergroup conditions. Inspired by phenomenological philosophy, this article paves the way for a new scientific perspective on empathy that breaks thorough the affective/cognitive dichotomy. This neuro-phenomenological account leans on phenomenological analyses and can straightforwardly explain recent neuroscience data. It emphasizes the dynamic, subjective, and piecemeal features of empathic experiences and unpicks the graded nature of empathy. The graded empathy hypothesis postulates that attending to others' expressions always facilitates empathy, but the parametric modulation in the levels of the empathic experience varies as a function of one's social interest (e.g., via intergroup or inter-personal cues) in the observed other. Drawing on multiple resources that integrate neuroscience with phenomenology, we describe the potential of this graded framework in an era of real-life experimentation. By wearing lenses of neuro-phenomenology, this original perspective can change the way empathy is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Levy
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Oren Bader
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Faces are special, but facial expressions aren’t: Insights from an oculomotor capture paradigm. Atten Percept Psychophys 2017; 79:1438-1452. [DOI: 10.3758/s13414-017-1313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Moradi Z, Duta M, Hewstone M, Yankouskaya A, Enock F, Humphreys GW. The rival doesn’t catch my eyes: In-group relevance modulates inhibitory control over anti-saccades. VISUAL COGNITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2017.1310163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zargol Moradi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mihaela Duta
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miles Hewstone
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alla Yankouskaya
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Florence Enock
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Glyn W. Humphreys
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Burra N, Kerzel D, George N. Early Left Parietal Activity Elicited by Direct Gaze: A High-Density EEG Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166430. [PMID: 27880776 PMCID: PMC5120811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaze is one of the most important cues for human communication and social interaction. In particular, gaze contact is the most primary form of social contact and it is thought to capture attention. A very early-differentiated brain response to direct versus averted gaze has been hypothesized. Here, we used high-density electroencephalography to test this hypothesis. Topographical analysis allowed us to uncover a very early topographic modulation (40-80 ms) of event-related responses to faces with direct as compared to averted gaze. This modulation was obtained only in the condition where intact broadband faces-as opposed to high-pass or low-pas filtered faces-were presented. Source estimation indicated that this early modulation involved the posterior parietal region, encompassing the left precuneus and inferior parietal lobule. This supports the idea that it reflected an early orienting response to direct versus averted gaze. Accordingly, in a follow-up behavioural experiment, we found faster response times to the direct gaze than to the averted gaze broadband faces. In addition, classical evoked potential analysis showed that the N170 peak amplitude was larger for averted gaze than for direct gaze. Taken together, these results suggest that direct gaze may be detected at a very early processing stage, involving a parallel route to the ventral occipito-temporal route of face perceptual analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Burra
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, ICM, Social and Affective Neuroscience (SAN) Laboratory and Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1127 and Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225 and Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
- Inserm, U 1127 and Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
- Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l’Education, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (NB)
| | - Dirk Kerzel
- Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l’Education, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie George
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, ICM, Social and Affective Neuroscience (SAN) Laboratory and Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1127 and Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225 and Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
- Inserm, U 1127 and Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
- ENS, Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
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Bader O. Attending to emotions is sharing of emotions - A multidisciplinary perspective to social attention and emotional sharing. Comment on Zahavi and Rochat (2015). Conscious Cogn 2016; 42:382-395. [PMID: 27152930 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Attending to bodily expression of emotions plays an important role in the human social world. It provides subjects with valuable information, constructs opportunities to act, and importantly, as Daniel Stern pointed out, it is involved in the constitution of the direct experience of others. Whether mutual or one-sided, these direct experiences, in which the subject can share the perspectives and attitudes of other subjects, always comprise one person's bodily expression of emotions that is available to another person. In this article I suggest that attending to other subjects' expressed emotions involves a special (social) mode of attention and emotional sharing. This suggestion challenges Dan Zahavi's view that confines the sharing of emotions solely to reciprocal experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Bader
- The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science an Ideas, School of Philosophy, The Lester and Sally Entin Faculty of Humanities, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Alguacil S, Tudela P, Ruz M. Cognitive and affective control in a flanker word task: common and dissociable brain mechanisms. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:1663-72. [PMID: 23747603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we compared the nature of cognitive and affective conflict modulations at different stages of information processing using electroencephalographic recordings. Participants performed a flanker task in which they had to focus on a central word target and indicate its semantic category (cognitive version) or its valence (affective version). Targets were flanked by congruent or incongruent words in both versions. Although tasks were equivalent at the behavioral level, event-related potentials (ERPs) showed common and dissociable cognitive and emotional conflict modulations. At early stages of information processing, both tasks generated parallel sequential conflict effects in the P1 and N170 potentials. Later, the N2 and the first part of the P3 wave were exclusively modulated by cognitive conflict, whereas the last section of the P3 deflection/Late Positive Component (LPC) was only involved in affective current conflict processing. Therefore, the whole data set suggests the existence of early common mechanisms that are equivalent for cognitive and affective materials and later task-specific conflict processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alguacil
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Spain
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