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Brain Organization and Human Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101642. [PMID: 35626679 PMCID: PMC9139716 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cortex is a highly organized structure that develops from the caudal regions of the segmented neural tube. Its spatial organization sets the stage for future functional arealization. Here, we suggest using a developmental perspective to describe and understand the etiology of common cortical malformations and their manifestation in the human brain.
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2
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Ma L, Du Y, Hui Y, Li N, Fan B, Zhang X, Li X, Hong W, Wu Z, Zhang S, Zhou S, Xu X, Zhou Z, Jiang C, Liu L, Zhang X. Developmental programming and lineage branching of early human telencephalon. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107277. [PMID: 34558085 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal and ventral human telencephalons contain different neuronal subtypes, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic neurons, and how these neurons are generated during early development is not well understood. Using scRNA-seq and stringent validations, we reveal here a developmental roadmap for human telencephalic neurons. Both dorsal and ventral telencephalic radial glial cells (RGs) differentiate into neurons via dividing intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs_div) and early postmitotic neuroblasts (eNBs). The transcription factor ASCL1 plays a key role in promoting fate transition from RGs to IPCs_div in both regions. RGs from the regionalized neuroectoderm show heterogeneity, with restricted glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic differentiation potencies. During neurogenesis, IPCs_div gradually exit the cell cycle and branch into sister eNBs to generate distinct neuronal subtypes. Our findings highlight a general RGs-IPCs_div-eNBs developmental scheme for human telencephalic progenitors and support that the major neuronal fates of human telencephalon are predetermined during dorsoventral regionalization with neuronal diversity being further shaped during neurogenesis and neural circuit integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hui
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Fan
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongshu Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, China
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3
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Zheng Y, Zhang F, Xu S, Wu L. Advances in neural organoid systems and their application in neurotoxicity testing of environmental chemicals. Genes Environ 2021; 43:39. [PMID: 34551827 PMCID: PMC8456188 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the complex structure and function of central nervous system (CNS), human CNS in vitro modeling is still a great challenge. Neurotoxicity testing of environmental chemicals mainly depends on the traditional animal models, which have various limitations such as species differences, expensive and time-consuming. Meanwhile, in vitro two-dimensional (2D) cultured cells or three-dimensional (3D) cultured neurospheres cannot fully simulate complex 3D structure of neural tissues. Recent advancements in neural organoid systems provides excellent models for the testing of environmental chemicals that affect the development of human CNS. Neural organoids derived from hPSCs not only can simulate the process of CNS development, including early stage neural tube formation, neuroepithelium differentiation and regional specification, but also its 3D structure, thus can be used to evaluate the effect of chemicals on differentiation and morphogenesis. Here, we provide a review of recent progress in the methods of culturing neural organoids and their applications in neurotoxicity testing of environmental chemicals. We conclude by highlighting challenge and future directions in neurotoxicity testing based on neural organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shengmin Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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4
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Ma L, Du Y, Xu X, Feng H, Hui Y, Li N, Jiang G, Zhang X, Li X, Liu L. β-Catenin Deletion in Regional Neural Progenitors Leads to Congenital Hydrocephalus in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:81-94. [PMID: 34460072 PMCID: PMC8782971 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus is a major neurological disorder with high rates of morbidity and mortality; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Reproducible animal models mirroring both embryonic and postnatal hydrocephalus are also limited. Here, we describe a new mouse model of congenital hydrocephalus through knockout of β-catenin in Nkx2.1-expressing regional neural progenitors. Progressive ventriculomegaly and an enlarged brain were consistently observed in knockout mice from embryonic day 12.5 through to adulthood. Transcriptome profiling revealed severe dysfunctions in progenitor maintenance in the ventricular zone and therefore in cilium biogenesis after β-catenin knockout. Histological analyses also revealed an aberrant neuronal layout in both the ventral and dorsal telencephalon in hydrocephalic mice at both embryonic and postnatal stages. Thus, knockout of β-catenin in regional neural progenitors leads to congenital hydrocephalus and provides a reproducible animal model for studying pathological changes and developing therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Hexi Feng
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Yi Hui
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Nan Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Guanyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, 200065 China ,Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Ling Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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5
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Zhou Z, Ma L, Zhang X. Protocol for genome-scale CRISPR screening in engineered lineage reporter hPSCs to study cell fate determination. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100548. [PMID: 34095862 PMCID: PMC8164093 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX6 is a key determinant of human neuroectoderm cell fate. Here, we describe a protocol for genome-scale CRISPR screening for use in genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Using the germ layer reporter PAX6 and an inducible CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system, we describe how to identify lineage-specific preventing genes. This protocol can be applied for use with other reporter genes to study cell fate determination in hPSCs. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Xu et al. (2021). Generation of PAX6 lineage reporter hPSCs Detailed protocol for genome-scale CRISPR screening in hPSCs Combining PAX6 hPSCs and CRISPR screening to study cell fate determination Protocol allows identification of lineage specification preventing genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshu Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China.,Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Reconstruction and Regeneration of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao 266071, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China.,Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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6
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Xu Y, Xi J, Wang G, Guo Z, Sun Q, Lu C, Ma L, Wu Y, Jia W, Zhu S, Guo X, Bian S, Kang J. PAUPAR and PAX6 sequentially regulate human embryonic stem cell cortical differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:1935-1950. [PMID: 33544864 PMCID: PMC7913681 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a wide range of roles in the epigenetic regulation of crucial biological processes, but the functions of lncRNAs in cortical development are poorly understood. Using human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based 2D neural differentiation approach and 3D cerebral organoid system, we identified that the lncRNA PAUPAR, which is adjacent to PAX6, plays essential roles in cortical differentiation by interacting with PAX6 to regulate the expression of a large number of neural genes. Mechanistic studies showed that PAUPAR confers PAX6 proper binding sites on the target neural genes by directly binding the genomic regions of these genes. Moreover, PAX6 recruits the histone methyltransferase NSD1 through its C-terminal PST enrichment domain, then regulate H3K36 methylation and the expression of target genes. Collectively, our data reveal that the PAUPAR/PAX6/NSD1 complex plays a critical role in the epigenetic regulation of hESC cortical differentiation and highlight the importance of PAUPAR as an intrinsic regulator of cortical differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajie Xi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenming Guo
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyi Sun
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songcheng Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Bian
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Liu Y, Zhang Y. ETV5 is Essential for Neuronal Differentiation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells by Repressing NEUROG2 Expression. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:703-716. [PMID: 31273540 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are multipotent cells that have the potential to produce neurons and glial cells in the neural system. NPCs undergo identity maintenance or differentiation regulated by different kinds of transcription factors. Here we present evidence that ETV5, which is an ETS transcription factor, promotes the generation of glial cells and drives the neuronal subtype-specific genes in newly differentiated neurons from the human embryonic stem cells-derived NPCs. Next, we find a new role for ETV5 in the repression of NEUROG2 expression in NPCs. ETV5 represses NEUROG2 transcription via NEUROG2 promoter and requires the ETS domain. We identify ETV5 has the binding sites and is implicated in silent chromatin in NEUROG2 promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Further, NEUROG2 transcription repression by ETV5 was shown to be dependent on a transcriptional corepressor (CoREST). During NPC differentiation toward neurons, ETV5 represses NEUROG2 expression and blocks the appearance of glutamatergic neurons. This finding suggests that ETV5 negatively regulates NEUROG2 expression and increases the number of GABAergic subtype neurons derived from NPCs. Thus, ETV5 represents a potent new candidate protein with benefits for the generation of GABAergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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8
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Ma L, Wang Y, Hui Y, Du Y, Chen Z, Feng H, Zhang S, Li N, Song J, Fang Y, Xu X, Shi L, Zhang B, Cheng J, Zhou S, Liu L, Zhang X. WNT/NOTCH Pathway Is Essential for the Maintenance and Expansion of Human MGE Progenitors. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:934-949. [PMID: 31056478 PMCID: PMC6524734 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-like cells yielded from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great potentials for cell therapies of related neurological disorders. However, cues that orchestrate the maintenance versus differentiation of human MGE progenitors, and ways for large-scale expansion of these cells have not been investigated. Here, we report that WNT/CTNNB1 signaling plays an essential role in maintaining MGE-like cells derived from hPSCs. Ablation of CTNNB1 in MGE cells led to precocious cell-cycle exit and advanced neuronal differentiation. Activation of WNT signaling through genetic or chemical approach was sufficient to maintain MGE cells in an expandable manner with authentic neuronal differentiation potencies through activation of endogenous NOTCH signaling. Our findings reveal that WNT/NOTCH signaling cascade is a key player in governing the maintenance versus terminal differentiation of MGE progenitors in humans. Large-scale expansion of functional MGE progenitors for cell therapies can therefore be achieved by modifying WNT/NOTCH pathway. WNT/CTNNB1 signaling is robustly activated in specified human MGE progenitors Ablation of CTNNB1 in human MGE cells leads to advanced neuronal differentiation Activation of WNT signaling maintains MGE progenitors in a proliferative state WNT/CTNNB1 signaling maintains MGE progenitors via activation of NOTCH signaling
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Hui
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hexi Feng
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nan Li
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianren Song
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Reconstruction and Regeneration of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiayi Cheng
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Reconstruction and Regeneration of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Reconstruction and Regeneration of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Room 508, Shanghai 200092, China; Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China; Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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9
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Protection of ZIKV infection-induced neuropathy by abrogation of acute antiviral response in human neural progenitors. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2607-2621. [PMID: 30952992 PMCID: PMC7224299 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains largely unknown how Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes severe microcephaly in human newborns. We examined an Asian lineage ZIKV, SZ01, which similarly infected and demonstrated comparable growth arrest and apoptotic pathological changes in human neuroprogenitors (NPCs) from forebrain dorsal, forebrain ventral as well as hindbrain and spinal cord brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Transcriptome profiling showed common overactivated antiviral response in all regional NPCs upon ZIKV infection. ZIKV infection directly activated a subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in human NPCs, which depended on the presence of IRF3 and NF-κB rather than IFN production and secretion, highlighting a key role of IFN-independent acute antiviral pathway underlying ZIKV infection-caused neuropathy. Our findings therefore reveal that overactivated antiviral response is detrimental rather than protective in human NPCs, and the IFN-independent acute antiviral pathway may serve as a potential target to ameliorate ZIKV infection-triggered neuropathy.
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10
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Zhu W, Zhang B, Li M, Mo F, Mi T, Wu Y, Teng Z, Zhou Q, Li W, Hu B. Precisely controlling endogenous protein dosage in hPSCs and derivatives to model FOXG1 syndrome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:928. [PMID: 30804331 PMCID: PMC6389984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dosage of key regulators impinge on developmental disorders such as FOXG1 syndrome. Since neither knock-out nor knock-down strategy assures flexible and precise protein abundance control, to study hypomorphic or haploinsufficiency expression remains challenging. We develop a system in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 and SMASh technology, with which we can target endogenous proteins for precise dosage control in hPSCs and at multiple stages of neural differentiation. We also reveal FOXG1 dose-dependently affect the cellular constitution of human brain, with 60% mildly affect GABAergic interneuron development while 30% thresholds the production of MGE derived neurons. Abnormal interneuron differentiation accounts for various neurological defects such as epilepsy or seizures, which stimulates future innovative cures of FOXG1 syndrome. By means of its robustness and easiness, dosage-control of proteins in hPSCs and their derivatives will update the understanding and treatment of additional diseases caused by abnormal protein dosage. Altered dosage of developmental regulators such as transcription factors can result in disorders, such as FOXG1 syndrome. Here, the authors demonstrate the utility of SMASh technology for modulating protein dosage by modeling FOXG1 syndrome using human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and neural organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingwei Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Chen Z, Ren X, Xu X, Zhang X, Hui Y, Liu Z, Shi L, Fang Y, Ma L, Liu Y, Terheyden-Keighley D, Liu L, Zhang X. Genetic Engineering of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Precise Cell Fate Tracing during Human Lineage Development. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1257-1271. [PMID: 30449321 PMCID: PMC6234918 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is highly desirable to specify human developmental principles in an appropriate human model with advanced genetic tools. However, genetically engineering human cells with lineage-tracing systems has not been achieved. Here we introduce strategies to construct lineage-tracing systems in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The AAVS1 locus was suitable for the integration of the conditional reporter. The Cre-LoxP and Flp-FRT systems were highly sensitive, which may cause inaccurate lineage labeling in human cells. The recombination sensitivity and tracing fidelity could be finely tuned by modification of the LoxP recombination site. Moreover, tamoxifen-controllable CreERT2-LoxP and FlpERT2-FRT systems showed compelling advantages in tightly tracing human lineages temporally. In proof-of-principle experiments, we traced human PAX6+ neuroectoderm cells and revealed their full neural lineage differentiation potency both in vitro and in vivo. Devising and optimizing of lineage-tracing systems in hESCs will thus set up a solid foundation for human developmental studies. Two-step strategy for constructing lineage-tracing systems in human PSCs Tracing fidelity could be shaped via modifying the LoxP sequences Temporal tracing could be achieved by introducing inducible recombinases Tracing PAX6-expressing neuroectoderm identifies its full neural lineage potency
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Chen
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Ren
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hui
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel Terheyden-Keighley
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Reconstruction and Regeneration of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Reconstruction and Regeneration of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Moreno N, López JM, Morona R, Lozano D, Jiménez S, González A. Comparative Analysis of Nkx2.1 and Islet-1 Expression in Urodele Amphibians and Lungfishes Highlights the Pattern of Forebrain Organization in Early Tetrapods. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:42. [PMID: 29867380 PMCID: PMC5968111 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression patterns of Nkx2.1 and Islet-1 (Isl1), which encode transcription factors that are key in the regionalization of the forebrain, were analyzed by combined immunohistochemical methods in young adult specimens of two lungfishes (Neoceratodus forsteri and Protopterus dolloi) and a urodele amphibian (Pleurodeles waltl). We aimed to get insights into the possible organization of the forebrain in the common ancestor of all tetrapods because of the pivotal phylogenetic significance of these two groups, being lungfishes the closest living relatives of tetrapods, and representing urodeles a model of simple brain organization with most shared features with amniotes. These transcription factors display regionally restricted expression domains in adult (juvenile) brains that are best interpreted according to the current prosomeric model. The regional patterns observed serve to identify regions and compare between the three species studied, and with previous data reported mainly for amniotes. We corroborate that Nkx2.1 and Isl1 expressions have very similar topologies in the forebrain. Common features in all sarcopterygians (lungfishes and tetrapods) have been observed, such as the Isl1 expression in most striatal neurons, whereas Nkx2.1 is restricted to migrated interneurons that reach the ventral pallium (VP). In the pallidal derivatives, the combination of both markers allows the identification of the boundaries between the ventral septum, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and the preoptic commissural region. In addition, the high Isl1 expression in the central amygdala (CeA), its boundary with the lateral amygdala (LA), and the scattered Nkx2.1 expression in the medial amygdala (MeA) are also shared features. The alar and basal hypothalamic territories, and the prethalamus and posterior tubercle (TP) in the diencephalon, have maintained a common pattern of expression. This regional distribution of Isl1 and Nkx2.1 observed in the forebrain of urodeles and lungfishes contributes further to our understanding of the first terrestrial vertebrates and their ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Fang Y, Liu Z, Chen Z, Xu X, Xiao M, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Du Y, Jiang C, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Fan B, Terheyden-Keighley D, Liu Y, Shi L, Hui Y, Zhang X, Zhang B, Feng H, Ma L, Zhang Q, Jin G, Yang Y, Xiang B, Liu L, Zhang X. Smad5 acts as an intracellular pH messenger and maintains bioenergetic homeostasis. Cell Res 2017; 27:1083-1099. [PMID: 28675158 PMCID: PMC5587853 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both environmental cues and intracellular bioenergetic states profoundly affect intracellular pH (pHi). How a cell responds to pHi changes to maintain bioenergetic homeostasis remains elusive. Here we show that Smad5, a well-characterized downstream component of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling responds to pHi changes. Cold, basic or hypertonic conditions increase pHi, which in turn dissociates protons from the charged amino acid clusters within the MH1 domain of Smad5, prompting its relocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. On the other hand, heat, acidic or hypotonic conditions decrease pHi, blocking the nuclear export of Smad5, and thus causing its nuclear accumulation. Active nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smad5 induced by environmental changes and pHi fluctuation is independent of BMP signaling, carboxyl terminus phosphorylation and Smad4. In addition, ablation of Smad5 causes chronic and irreversible dysregulation of cellular bioenergetic homeostasis and disrupted normal neural developmental processes as identified in a differentiation model of human pluripotent stem cells. Importantly, these metabolic and developmental deficits in Smad5-deficient cells could be rescued only by cytoplasmic Smad5. Cytoplasmic Smad5 physically interacts with hexokinase 1 and accelerates glycolysis. Together, our findings indicate that Smad5 acts as a pHi messenger and maintains the bioenergetic homeostasis of cells by regulating cytoplasmic metabolic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiang Fang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mengtao Xiao
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaobai Zhang
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Beibei Fan
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daniel Terheyden-Keighley
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Hui
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hexi Feng
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Tongji University Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Tongji University Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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14
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Li JL, Zheng YT, Zhao XD, Hu XT. Meeting report: the 4 th symposium on animal models of non-human primates in Kunming, Yunnan, China. Zool Res 2016; 37:361-365. [PMID: 28105801 PMCID: PMC5359324 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.6.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xin-Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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15
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McMurtrey RJ. Multi-compartmental biomaterial scaffolds for patterning neural tissue organoids in models of neurodevelopment and tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416671926. [PMID: 27766141 PMCID: PMC5056621 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416671926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are becoming an essential tool in the study and application of stem cell research. Various types of biomaterials enable three-dimensional culture of stem cells, and, more recently, also enable high-resolution patterning and organization of multicellular architectures. Biomaterials also hold potential to provide many additional advantages over cell transplants alone in regenerative medicine. This article describes novel designs for functionalized biomaterial constructs that guide tissue development to targeted regional identities and structures. Such designs comprise compartmentalized regions in the biomaterial structure that are functionalized with molecular factors that form concentration gradients through the construct and guide stem cell development, axis patterning, and tissue architecture, including rostral/caudal, ventral/dorsal, or medial/lateral identities of the central nervous system. The ability to recapitulate innate developmental processes in a three-dimensional environment and under specific controlled conditions has vital application to advanced models of neurodevelopment and for repair of specific sites of damaged or diseased neural tissue.
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16
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Chi L, Fan B, Zhang K, Du Y, Liu Z, Fang Y, Chen Z, Ren X, Xu X, Jiang C, Li S, Ma L, Gao L, Liu L, Zhang X. Targeted Differentiation of Regional Ventral Neuroprogenitors and Related Neuronal Subtypes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:941-954. [PMID: 27720902 PMCID: PMC5106484 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryoid body (EB) formation and adherent culture (AD) paradigms are equivalently thought to be applicable for neural specification of human pluripotent stem cells. Here, we report that sonic hedgehog-induced ventral neuroprogenitors under EB conditions are fated to medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), while the AD cells mostly adopt a floor-plate (FP) fate. The EB-MGE later on differentiates into GABA and cholinergic neurons, while the AD-FP favors dopaminergic neuron specification. Distinct developmental, metabolic, and adhesion traits in AD and EB cells may potentially account for their differential patterning potency. Gene targeting combined with small-molecule screening experiments identified that concomitant inhibition of Wnts, STAT3, and p38 pathways (3i) could largely convert FP to MGE under AD conditions. Thus, differentiation paradigms and signaling regulators can be integrated together to specify distinct neuronal subtypes for studying and treating related neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. EB and AD paradigms yield different ventral neuroprogenitors upon SHH patterning DA neurons of FP origin are generated in AD conditions upon SHH patterning Wnts/STAT3/p38 inhibition benefits MGE specification under AD conditions GABA and CHAT neurons of MGE origin are generated in EB or AD/3i conditions
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Affiliation(s)
- Liankai Chi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Beibei Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kunshan Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xudong Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siguang Li
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Tongji University Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Tongji University Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Tongji University Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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17
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Liu Z, Hui Y, Shi L, Chen Z, Xu X, Chi L, Fan B, Fang Y, Liu Y, Ma L, Wang Y, Xiao L, Zhang Q, Jin G, Liu L, Zhang X. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Versatile, Predictable, and Donor-Free Gene Knockout in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:496-507. [PMID: 27594587 PMCID: PMC5032288 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function studies in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) require efficient methodologies for lesion of genes of interest. Here, we introduce a donor-free paired gRNA-guided CRISPR/Cas9 knockout strategy (paired-KO) for efficient and rapid gene ablation in hPSCs. Through paired-KO, we succeeded in targeting all genes of interest with high biallelic targeting efficiencies. More importantly, during paired-KO, the cleaved DNA was repaired mostly through direct end joining without insertions/deletions (precise ligation), and thus makes the lesion product predictable. The paired-KO remained highly efficient for one-step targeting of multiple genes and was also efficient for targeting of microRNA, while for long non-coding RNA over 8 kb, cleavage of a short fragment of the core promoter region was sufficient to eradicate downstream gene transcription. This work suggests that the paired-KO strategy is a simple and robust system for loss-of-function studies for both coding and non-coding genes in hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Hui
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liankai Chi
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Beibei Fan
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Tongji University Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Tongji University Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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