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Hameed MQ, D'Ambrosio R, Eastman C, Hui B, Lin R, Vermudez SAD, Liebhardt A, Choe Y, Klein P, Rundfeldt C, Löscher W, Rotenberg A. A comparison of the antiepileptogenic efficacy of two rationally chosen multitargeted drug combinations in a rat model of posttraumatic epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2024; 382:114962. [PMID: 39288831 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a recurrent and often drug-refractory seizure disorder caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI). No single drug treatment prevents PTE, but preventive drug combinations that may prophylax against PTE have not been studied. Based on a systematic evaluation of rationally chosen drug combinations in the intrahippocampal kainate (IHK) mouse model of acquired epilepsy, we identified two multi-targeted drug cocktails that exert strong antiepileptogenic effects. The first, a combination of levetiracetam (LEV) and topiramate, only partially prevented spontaneous recurrent seizures in the model. We therefore added atorvastatin (ATV) to the therapeutic cocktail (TC) to increase efficacy, forming "TC-001". The second cocktail - a combination of LEV, ATV, and ceftriaxone, termed "TC-002" - completely prevented epilepsy in the mouse IHK model. In the present proof-of-concept study, we tested whether the two drug cocktails prevent epilepsy in a rat PTE model in which recurrent electrographic seizures develop after severe rostral parasagittal fluid percussion injury (FPI). Following FPI, rats were either treated over 3-4 weeks with vehicle or drug cocktails, starting either 1 or 4-6 h after the injury. Using mouse doses of TC-001 and TC-002, no significant antiepileptogenic effect was obtained in the rat PTE model. However, when using allometric scaling of drug doses to consider the differences in body surface area between mice and rats, PTE was prevented by TC-002. Furthermore, the latter drug cocktail partially prevented the loss of perilesional cortical parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons. Plasma and brain drug analysis showed that these effects of TC-002 occurred at clinically relevant levels of the individual TC-002 drug components. In silico analysis of drug-drug brain protein interactions by the STITCH database indicated that TC-002 impacts a larger functional network of epilepsy-relevant brain proteins than each drug alone, providing a potential network pharmacology explanation for the observed antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects observed with this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Q Hameed
- Department of Neurology and FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raimondo D'Ambrosio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cliff Eastman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin Hui
- Department of Neurology and FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Neurology and FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl Anne D Vermudez
- Department of Neurology and FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Liebhardt
- Department of Neurology and FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongho Choe
- Department of Neurology and FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pavel Klein
- PrevEp, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Mid-Atlantic Epilepsy and Sleep Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Wolfgang Löscher
- PrevEp, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Translational Neuropharmacology Lab, NIFE, Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology and FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; PrevEp, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Cheung SW, Willis EF, Simmons DG, Bellingham MC, Noakes PG. Phagocytosis of aggrecan-positive perineuronal nets surrounding motor neurons by reactive microglia expressing MMP-9 in TDP-43 Q331K ALS model mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 200:106614. [PMID: 39067491 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix structures that surround excitable neurons and their proximal dendrites. PNNs play an important role in neuroprotection against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress within motor neurons can act as a trigger for neuronal death, and this has been implicated in motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We therefore characterised PNNs around alpha motor neurons and the possible contributing cellular factors in the mutant TDP-43Q331K transgenic mouse, a slow onset ALS mouse model. PNNs around alpha motor neurons showed significant loss at mid-stage disease in TDP-43Q331K mice compared to wild type strain control mice. PNN loss coincided with an increased expression of matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), an endopeptidase known to cleave PNNs, within the ventral horn. During mid-stage disease, increased numbers of microglia and astrocytes expressing MMP-9 were present in the ventral horn of TDP-43Q331K mice. In addition, TDP-43Q331K mice showed increased levels of aggrecan, a PNN component, in the ventral horn by microglia and astrocytes during this period. Elevated aggrecan levels within glia were accompanied by an increase in fractalkine expression, a chemotaxic protein responsible for the recruitment of microglia, in alpha motor neurons of onset and mid-stage TDP-43Q331K mice. Following PNN loss, alpha motor neurons in mid-stage TDP-43Q331K mice showed increased 3-nitrotyrosine expression, an indicator of protein oxidation. Together, our observations along with previous PNN research provide suggests a possible model whereby microglia and astrocytes expressing MMP-9 degrade PNNs surrounding alpha motor neurons in the TDP-43Q331K mouse. This loss of nets may expose alpha-motor neurons to oxidative damage leading to degeneration of the alpha motor neurons in the TDP-43Q331K ALS mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emily F Willis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David G Simmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark C Bellingham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter G Noakes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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van ‘t Spijker H, Richter JD. FMRP regulation of aggrecan mRNA translation controls perineuronal net development. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1909-1922. [PMID: 38225196 PMCID: PMC11247136 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are mesh-like structures on the surfaces of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory and other neurons, and consist of proteoglycans such as aggrecan, brevican, and neurocan. PNNs regulate the Excitatory/Inhibitory (E/I) balance in the brain and are formed at the closure of critical periods of plasticity during development. PNN formation is disrupted in Fragile X Syndrome, which is caused by silencing of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (Fmr1) gene and loss of its protein product FMRP. FXS is characterized by impaired synaptic plasticity resulting in neuronal hyperexcitability and E/I imbalance. Here, we investigate how PNN formation is altered in FXS. PNNs are reduced in Fmr1 KO mouse brain when examined by staining for the lectin Wisteria floribunda agglutin (WFA) and aggrecan. Examination of PNNs by WFA staining at P14 and P42 in the hippocampus, somatosensory cortex, and retrosplenial cortex shows that they were reduced in these brain regions at P14 but mostly less so at P42 in Fmr1 KO mice. However, some differential FMRP regulation of PNN development in these brain regions persists, perhaps caused by asynchrony in PNN development between brain regions in wild-type animals. During development, aggrecan PNN levels in the brain were reduced in all brain regions in Fmr1 KO mice. Aggrecan mRNA levels were unchanged at these times, suggesting that FMRP is normally an activator of aggrecan mRNA translation. This hypothesis is buttressed by the observations that FMRP binds aggrecan mRNA and that ribosome profiling data show that aggrecan mRNA is associated with reduced numbers of ribosomes in Fmr1 KO mouse brain, indicating reduced translational efficiency. Moreover, aggrecan mRNA poly(A) tail length is also reduced in Fmr1 KO mouse brain, suggesting a relationship between polyadenylation and translational control. We propose a model where FMRP modulates PNN formation through translational up-regulation of aggrecan mRNA polyadenylation and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel D. Richter
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester MA 01605 USA
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Carey SD, Conant K, Maguire-Zeiss KA. Short-term exposure to HIV Tat induces glial activation and changes in perineuronal nets. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:4303-4316. [PMID: 38844747 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), there remains a subset of individuals who display cognitive impairment broadly known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Interestingly, HIV-infected cells continuously release the HIV-1 protein Tat even in the presence of cART. Persistent exposure to Tat is proposed to increase both neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. In vitro evidence shows that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are among the neuroinflammatory molecules induced by Tat, which are known to disrupt specialized neuronal extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs predominantly surround parvalbumin interneurons and help to buffer these cells from oxidant stress and to independently increase their excitability. In order to better understand the link between short-term exposure to Tat, neuroinflammation, and PNNs, we explored the direct effects of Tat on glial cells and neurons. Herein, we report that in mixed glial cultures, Tat directly increases the expression of proinflammatory molecules, including MMP-9. Moreover, direct injection of Tat protein into mouse hippocampus increases the expression of astrocyte and microglia markers as well as MMP-9. The number of PNNs is decreased following Tat exposure, followed later by decreased numbers of hippocampal parvalbumin-expressing neurons. In older mice, Tat induced significant increases in the gene expression of proinflammatory molecules including markers of gliosis, MMPs and complement system proteins. Taken together, these data support a direct effect of Tat on glial-derived MMP expression subsequently affecting PNNs and neuronal health, with older mice more susceptible to Tat-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Carey
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Katherine Conant
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, United States
| | - Kathleen A Maguire-Zeiss
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, United States
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Alhadidi QM, Bahader GA, Arvola O, Kitchen P, Shah ZA, Salman MM. Astrocytes in functional recovery following central nervous system injuries. J Physiol 2024; 602:3069-3096. [PMID: 37702572 PMCID: PMC11421637 DOI: 10.1113/jp284197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognised as partaking in complex homeostatic mechanisms critical for regulating neuronal plasticity following central nervous system (CNS) insults. Ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Depending on the context and type of injury, reactive astrocytes respond with diverse morphological, proliferative and functional changes collectively known as astrogliosis, which results in both pathogenic and protective effects. There is a large body of research on the negative consequences of astrogliosis following brain injuries. There is also growing interest in how astrogliosis might in some contexts be protective and help to limit the spread of the injury. However, little is known about how astrocytes contribute to the chronic functional recovery phase following traumatic and ischaemic brain insults. In this review, we explore the protective functions of astrocytes in various aspects of secondary brain injury such as oedema, inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. We also discuss the current knowledge on astrocyte contribution to tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, dendrogenesis and axogenesis. Finally, we discuss diverse astrocyte-related factors that, if selectively targeted, could form the basis of astrocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies to better address currently untreatable CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim M Alhadidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Yarmok University College, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Oiva Arvola
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Jorvi Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cheung SW, Bhavnani E, Simmons DG, Bellingham MC, Noakes PG. Perineuronal nets are phagocytosed by MMP-9 expressing microglia and astrocytes in the SOD1 G93A ALS mouse model. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12982. [PMID: 38742276 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are an extracellular matrix structure that encases excitable neurons. PNNs play a role in neuroprotection against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress within motor neurons can trigger neuronal death, which has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the spatio-temporal timeline of PNN breakdown and the contributing cellular factors in the SOD1G93A strain, a fast-onset ALS mouse model. METHODS This was conducted at the presymptomatic (P30), onset (P70), mid-stage (P130), and end-stage disease (P150) using immunofluorescent microscopy, as this characterisation has not been conducted in the SOD1G93A strain. RESULTS We observed a significant breakdown of PNNs around α-motor neurons in the ventral horn of onset and mid-stage disease SOD1G93A mice compared with wild-type controls. This was observed with increased numbers of microglia expressing matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), an endopeptidase that degrades PNNs. Microglia also engulfed PNN components in the SOD1G93A mouse. Further increases in microglia and astrocyte number, MMP-9 expression, and engulfment of PNN components by glia were observed in mid-stage SOD1G93A mice. This was observed with increased expression of fractalkine, a signal for microglia engulfment, within α-motor neurons of SOD1G93A mice. Following PNN breakdown, α-motor neurons of onset and mid-stage SOD1G93A mice showed increased expression of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker for protein oxidation, which could render them vulnerable to death. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that increased numbers of MMP-9 expressing glia and their subsequent engulfment of PNNs around α-motor neurons render these neurons sensitive to oxidative damage and eventual death in the SOD1G93A ALS model mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Ekta Bhavnani
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - David G Simmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Mark C Bellingham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Peter G Noakes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating form of pain arising from injury or disease of the nervous system that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain are still not fully understood. Dendritic spines are small protrusions on the surface of neurons that play an important role in synaptic transmission. Recent studies have shown that dendritic spines reorganize in the superficial and deeper laminae of the spinal cord dorsal horn with the development of neuropathic pain in multiple models of disease or injury. Given the importance of dendritic spines in synaptic transmission, it is possible that studying dendritic spines could lead to new therapeutic approaches for managing intractable pain. In this review article, we highlight the emergent role of dendritic spines in neuropathic pain, as well as discuss the potential for studying dendritic spines for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Benson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jared F King
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marike L Reimer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sierra D Kauer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew M Tan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Wertz J, Rüttiger L, Bender B, Klose U, Stark RS, Dapper K, Saemisch J, Braun C, Singer W, Dalhoff E, Bader K, Wolpert SM, Knipper M, Munk MHJ. Differential cortical activation patterns: pioneering sub-classification of tinnitus with and without hyperacusis by combining audiometry, gamma oscillations, and hemodynamics. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1232446. [PMID: 38239827 PMCID: PMC10794389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing controversies about the neural basis of tinnitus, whether linked with central neural gain or not, may hamper efforts to develop therapies. We asked to what extent measurable audiometric characteristics of tinnitus without (T) or with co-occurrence of hyperacusis (TH) are distinguishable on the level of cortical responses. To accomplish this, electroencephalography (EEG) and concurrent functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were measured while patients performed an attentionally demanding auditory discrimination task using stimuli within the individual tinnitus frequency (fTin) and a reference frequency (fRef). Resting-state-fMRI-based functional connectivity (rs-fMRI-bfc) in ascending auditory nuclei (AAN), the primary auditory cortex (AC-I), and four other regions relevant for directing attention or regulating distress in temporal, parietal, and prefrontal cortex was compiled and compared to EEG and concurrent fNIRS activity in the same brain areas. We observed no group differences in pure-tone audiometry (PTA) between 10 and 16 kHz. However, the PTA threshold around the tinnitus pitch was positively correlated with the self-rated tinnitus loudness and also correlated with distress in T-groups, while TH experienced their tinnitus loudness at minimal loudness levels already with maximal suffering scores. The T-group exhibited prolonged auditory brain stem (ABR) wave I latency and reduced ABR wave V amplitudes (indicating reduced neural synchrony in the brainstem), which were associated with lower rs-fMRI-bfc between AAN and the AC-I, as observed in previous studies. In T-subjects, these features were linked with elevated spontaneous and reduced evoked gamma oscillations and with reduced deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) concentrations in response to stimulation with lower frequencies in temporal cortex (Brodmann area (BA) 41, 42, 22), implying less synchronous auditory responses during active auditory discrimination of reference frequencies. In contrast, in the TH-group gamma oscillations and hemodynamic responses in temporoparietal regions were reversed during active discrimination of tinnitus frequencies. Our findings suggest that T and TH differ in auditory discrimination and memory-dependent directed attention during active discrimination at either tinnitus or reference frequencies, offering a test paradigm that may allow for more precise sub-classification of tinnitus and future improved treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wertz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Klose
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert S. Stark
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Dapper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg Saemisch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Wibke Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ernst Dalhoff
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Bader
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M. Wolpert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H. J. Munk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Miao HT, Song RX, Xin Y, Wang LY, Lv JM, Liu NN, Wu ZY, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang DX, Zhang LM. Spautin-1 Protects Against Mild TBI-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice via Immunologically Silent Apoptosis. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:336-349. [PMID: 36745326 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is reportedly one of the most common mental changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Perineuronal nets (PNNs) produced by astrocytes in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) that surround gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons have been associated with anxiety. The potent anti-tumor effects of Spautin-1, a novel autophagy inhibitor, have been documented in malignant melanoma; moreover, the inhibition of autophagy is reported to mitigate anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the ability of spautin-1 to alleviate anxiety. In this study, we sought to investigate whether spautin-1 could alleviate anxiety-like behaviors post-TBI by reducing the loss of PNNs in the LHA. A mild TBI was established in mice through Feeney's weight-drop model. Then, Spautin-1 (20 mmol/2 μl) was immediately administered into the left lateral ventricle. Behavioral and pathological changes were assessed at 24 h, 7 days, 30 days, 31 days and 32 days after TBI by the neurological severity scores (NSS), open field test (OFT), elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, western blot, immunofluorescence assays and electron microscopy. Spautin-1 significantly reversed TBI-induced decreased time in the central zone during OFT and in the open-arm during the EPM test. Spautin-1 also increased PNNs around GABAergic neurons indicated by WFA- plus GAD2- positive A2-type astrocytes and attenuated M1-type microglia in the LHA 32 days after TBI compared to TBI alone. Moreover, compared to mice that only underwent TBI, spautin-1 downregulated autophagic vacuoles, abnormal organelles, the expression of Beclin 1, USP13, phospho-TBK1, and phospho-IRF3 and upregulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3, -7 and -9, but failed to increase TUNEL-positive cells in the LHA at 24 h. Spautin-1 alleviated anxiety-like behavior in mice exposed to mild TBI; this protective mechanism may be associated with decreased PNNs loss around GABAergic neurons via immunologically silent apoptosis induced by the caspase cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Tao Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Xin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Research, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Meng Lv
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Research, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Na-Na Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-You Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xue Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research (Preparing), Cangzhou, China.
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10
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Hameed MQ, Hodgson N, Lee HHC, Pascual-Leone A, MacMullin PC, Jannati A, Dhamne SC, Hensch TK, Rotenberg A. N-acetylcysteine treatment mitigates loss of cortical parvalbumin-positive interneuron and perineuronal net integrity resulting from persistent oxidative stress in a rat TBI model. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4070-4084. [PMID: 36130098 PMCID: PMC10068300 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases cerebral reactive oxygen species production, which leads to continuing secondary neuronal injury after the initial insult. Cortical parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs; neurons responsible for maintaining cortical inhibitory tone) are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and are thus disproportionately affected by TBI. Systemic N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment may restore cerebral glutathione equilibrium, thus preventing post-traumatic cortical PVI loss. We therefore tested whether weeks-long post-traumatic NAC treatment mitigates cortical oxidative stress, and whether such treatment preserves PVI counts and related markers of PVI integrity and prevents pathologic electroencephalographic (EEG) changes, 3 and 6 weeks after fluid percussion injury in rats. We find that moderate TBI results in persistent oxidative stress for at least 6 weeks after injury and leads to the loss of PVIs and the perineuronal net (PNN) that surrounds them as well as of per-cell parvalbumin expression. Prolonged post-TBI NAC treatment normalizes the cortical redox state, mitigates PVI and PNN loss, and - in surviving PVIs - increases per-cell parvalbumin expression. NAC treatment also preserves normal spectral EEG measures after TBI. We cautiously conclude that weeks-long NAC treatment after TBI may be a practical and well-tolerated treatment strategy to preserve cortical inhibitory tone post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Q Hameed
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nathaniel Hodgson
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Henry H C Lee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Andres Pascual-Leone
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Paul C MacMullin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Ali Jannati
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Sameer C Dhamne
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Takao K Hensch
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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11
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Jannati A, Oberman LM, Rotenberg A, Pascual-Leone A. Assessing the mechanisms of brain plasticity by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:191-208. [PMID: 36198876 PMCID: PMC9700722 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for focal brain stimulation based on electromagnetic induction where a fluctuating magnetic field induces a small intracranial electric current in the brain. For more than 35 years, TMS has shown promise in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders in adults. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to the TMS technique with a focus on repetitive TMS (rTMS) protocols, particularly theta-burst stimulation (TBS), and relevant rTMS-derived metrics of brain plasticity. We then discuss the TMS-EEG technique, the use of neuronavigation in TMS, the neural substrate of TBS measures of plasticity, the inter- and intraindividual variability of those measures, effects of age and genetic factors on TBS aftereffects, and then summarize alterations of TMS-TBS measures of plasticity in major neurological and psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, depression, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. Finally, we discuss the translational studies of TMS-TBS measures of plasticity and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jannati
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lindsay M Oberman
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.
- Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Institut Guttmann, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Li QY, Duan YW, Zhou YH, Chen SX, Li YY, Zang Y. NLRP3-Mediated Piezo1 Upregulation in ACC Inhibitory Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Is Involved in Pain Processing after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13035. [PMID: 36361825 PMCID: PMC9655876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is particularly critical for pain information processing. Peripheral nerve injury triggers neuronal hyper-excitability in the ACC and mediates descending facilitation to the spinal dorsal horn. The mechanically gated ion channel Piezo1 is involved in the transmission of pain information in the peripheral nervous system. However, the pain-processing role of Piezo1 in the brain is unknown. In this work, we found that spared (sciatic) nerve injury (SNI) increased Piezo1 protein levels in inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons (PV-INs) but not in glutaminergic CaMKⅡ+ neurons, in the bilateral ACC. A reduction in the number of PV-INs but not in the number of CaMKⅡ+ neurons and a significant reduction in inhibitory synaptic terminals was observed in the SNI chronic pain model. Further, observation of morphological changes in the microglia in the ACC showed their activated amoeba-like transformation, with a reduction in process length and an increase in cell body area. Combined with the encapsulation of Piezo1-positive neurons by Iba1+ microglia, the loss of PV-INs after SNI might result from phagocytosis by the microglia. In cellular experiments, administration of recombinant rat TNF-α (rrTNF) to the BV2 cell culture or ACC neuron primary culture elevated the protein levels of Piezo1 and NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). The administration of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 in these cells blocked the rrTNF-induced expression of caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (key downstream factors of the activated NLRP3 inflammasome) in vitro and reversed the SNI-induced Piezo1 overexpression in the ACC and alleviated SNI-induced allodynia in vivo. These results suggest that NLRP3 may be the key factor in causing Piezo1 upregulation in SNI, promoting an imbalance between ACC excitation and inhibition by inducing the microglial phagocytosis of PV-INs and, thereby, facilitating spinal pain transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yun Li
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi-Wen Duan
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yao-Hui Zhou
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shao-Xia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yong-Yong Li
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying Zang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
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13
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Abstract
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity (PHHP) remains a vexing problem for patients, their families, and the healthcare system. The complexity of the pathogenesis of PHHP also presents a unique challenge within the fields of neonatology, neurology and neurosurgery. Here we focus on pathogenesis of PHHP and its impact on the development of CSF dynamics including choroid plexus, ependymal motile cilia and glymphatic system. PHHP is contrasted with infantile hydrocephalus from other etiologies, and with other types of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus that occur later in life. The important concept that distinguishing ventricular volume from brain health and function is highlighted. The influence of the pathogenesis of PHHP on current interventions is reviewed, with particular emphasis on how the unique pathogenesis of PHHP contributes to the high rate of failure of current existing interventions. Finally, we discuss emerging interventions. A thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of PHHP is essential to developing effective non-surgical therapeutics to prevent the transformation from severe IVH to PHHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenandoah Robinson
- Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery, John's Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, United States.
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery, John's Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Division of Neonatology, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, United States; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Maryland, United States
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14
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González-Manteiga A, Navarro-González C, Sebestyén VE, Saborit-Torres JM, Talhada D, Vayá MDLI, Ruscher K, Fazzari P. A Novel In Vivo Model for Multiplexed Analysis of Callosal Connections upon Cortical Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158224. [PMID: 35897791 PMCID: PMC9368090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain damage is the major cause of permanent disability and it is particularly relevant in the elderly. While most studies focused on the immediate phase of neuronal loss upon injury, much less is known about the process of axonal regeneration after damage. The development of new refined preclinical models to investigate neuronal regeneration and the recovery of brain tissue upon injury is a major unmet challenge. Here, we present a novel experimental paradigm in mice that entails the (i) tracing of cortico-callosal connections, (ii) a mechanical lesion of the motor cortex, (iii) the stereological and histological analysis of the damaged tissue, and (iv) the functional characterization of motor deficits. By combining conventional microscopy with semi-automated 3D reconstruction, this approach allows the analysis of fine subcellular structures, such as axonal terminals, with the tridimensional overview of the connectivity and tissue integrity around the lesioned area. Since this 3D reconstruction is performed in serial sections, multiple labeling can be performed by combining diverse histological markers. We provide an example of how this methodology can be used to study cellular interactions. Namely, we show the correlation between active microglial cells and the perineuronal nets that envelop parvalbumin interneurons. In conclusion, this novel experimental paradigm will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular interactions underpinning the process of cortical regeneration upon brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana González-Manteiga
- Laboratory of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-M.); (C.N.-G.); (V.E.S.)
| | - Carmen Navarro-González
- Laboratory of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-M.); (C.N.-G.); (V.E.S.)
| | - Valentina Evita Sebestyén
- Laboratory of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-M.); (C.N.-G.); (V.E.S.)
| | - Jose Manuel Saborit-Torres
- Laboratory of Medical Imaging, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.S.-T.); (M.d.l.I.V.)
| | - Daniela Talhada
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, 2184 Lund, Sweden; (D.T.); (K.R.)
| | - María de la Iglesia Vayá
- Laboratory of Medical Imaging, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.S.-T.); (M.d.l.I.V.)
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, 2184 Lund, Sweden; (D.T.); (K.R.)
- LUBIN Lab-Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pietro Fazzari
- Laboratory of Cortical Circuits in Health and Disease, CIPF Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-M.); (C.N.-G.); (V.E.S.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Harris AC, Jin XT, Greer JE, Povlishock JT, Jacobs KM. Somatostatin interneurons exhibit enhanced functional output and resilience to axotomy after mild traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105801. [PMID: 35753625 PMCID: PMC9383472 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) gives rise to a remarkable breadth of pathobiological consequences, principal among which are traumatic axonal injury and perturbation of the functional integrity of neuronal networks that may arise secondary to the elimination of the presynaptic contribution of axotomized neurons. Because there exists a vast diversity of neocortical neuron subtypes, it is imperative to elucidate the relative vulnerability to axotomy among different subtypes. Toward this end, we exploited SOM-IRES-Cre mice to investigate the consequences of the central fluid percussion model of mTBI on the microanatomical integrity and the functional efficacy of the somatostatin (SOM) interneuron population, one of the principal subtypes of neocortical interneuron. We found that the SOM population is resilient to axotomy, representing only 10% of the global burden of inhibitory interneuron axotomy, a result congruous with past work demonstrating that parvalbumin (PV) interneurons bear most of the burden of interneuron axotomy. However, the intact structure of SOM interneurons after injury did not translate to normal cellular function. One day after mTBI, the SOM population is more intrinsically excitable and demonstrates enhanced synaptic efficacy upon post-synaptic layer 5 pyramidal neurons as measured by optogenetics, yet the global evoked inhibitory tone within layer 5 is stable. Simultaneously, there exists a significant increase in the frequency of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents within layer 5 pyramidal neurons. These results are consistent with a scheme in which 1 day after mTBI, SOM interneurons are stimulated to compensate for the release from inhibition of layer 5 pyramidal neurons secondary to the disproportionate axotomy of PV interneurons. The enhancement of SOM interneuron intrinsic excitability and synaptic efficacy may represent the initial phase of a dynamic process of attempted autoregulation of neocortical network homeostasis secondary to mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Harris
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America.
| | - Xiao-Tao Jin
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America.
| | - John E Greer
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America.
| | - John T Povlishock
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America.
| | - Kimberle M Jacobs
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America.
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16
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Sánchez-Ventura J, Lane MA, Udina E. The Role and Modulation of Spinal Perineuronal Nets in the Healthy and Injured Spinal Cord. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:893857. [PMID: 35669108 PMCID: PMC9163449 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.893857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rather than being a stable scaffold, perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a dynamic and specialized extracellular matrix involved in plasticity modulation. They have been extensively studied in the brain and associated with neuroprotection, ionic buffering, and neural maturation. However, their biological function in the spinal cord and the effects of disrupting spinal PNNs remain elusive. The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of spinal PNNs and their potential in pathological conditions such as traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). We also highlighted interventions that have been used to modulate the extracellular matrix after SCI, targeting the glial scar and spinal PNNs, in an effort to promote regeneration and stabilization of the spinal circuits, respectively. These concepts are discussed in the framework of developmental and neuroplastic changes in PNNs, drawing similarities between immature and denervated neurons after an SCI, which may provide a useful context for future SCI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sánchez-Ventura
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Michael A. Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Esther Udina
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther Udina
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17
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Shi Y, Wu X, Zhou J, Cui W, Wang J, Hu Q, Zhang S, Han L, Zhou M, Luo J, Wang Q, Liu H, Feng D, Ge S, Qu Y. Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals that Decorin Expression in the Amygdala Regulates Perineuronal Nets Expression and Fear Conditioning Response after Traumatic Brain Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104112. [PMID: 35038242 PMCID: PMC8895134 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Augmented fear is a defining characteristic of PTSD, and the amygdala is considered the main brain region to process fear. The mechanism by which the amygdala is involved in fear conditioning after TBI is still unclear. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), transcriptional changes in cells in the amygdala after TBI are investigated. In total, 72 328 nuclei are obtained from the sham and TBI groups. 7 cell types, and analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) reveals widespread transcriptional changes in each cell type after TBI are identified. In in vivo experiments, it is demonstrated that Decorin (Dcn) expression in the excitatory neurons of the amygdala significantly increased after TBI, and Dcn knockout in the amygdala mitigates TBI-associated fear conditioning. Of note, this effect is caused by a Dcn-mediated decrease in the expression of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which affect the glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid balance in the amygdala. Finally, the results suggest that Dcn functions by interacting with collagen VI α3 (Col6a3). Consequently, the findings reveal transcriptional changes in different cell types of the amygdala after TBI and provide direct evidence that Dcn relieves fear conditioning by regulating PNNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwu Shi
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Wenxing Cui
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Shenghao Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Liying Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Meixuan Zhou
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Jianing Luo
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest Theater General HospitalChengduSichuan610083China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Haixiao Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Shunnan Ge
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
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18
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Chapman DP, Sloley SS, Caccavano AP, Vicini S, Burns MP. High-Frequency Head Impact Disrupts Hippocampal Neural Ensemble Dynamics. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:763423. [PMID: 35115908 PMCID: PMC8806157 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.763423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that the cognitive impairments in a mouse model of high-frequency head impact (HFHI) are caused by chronic changes to synaptic physiology. To better understand these synaptic changes occurring after repeat head impact, we used Thy1-GcCAMP6f mice to study intracellular and intercellular calcium dynamics and neuronal ensembles in HFHI mice. We performed simultaneous calcium imaging and local field potential (LFP) recordings of the CA1 field during an early-LTP paradigm in acute hippocampal slice preparations 24 h post-impact. As previously reported, HFHI causes a decrease in early-LTP in the absence of any shift in the input-output curve. Calcium analytics revealed that HFHI hippocampal slices have similar numbers of active ROIs, however, the number of calcium transients per ROI was significantly increased in HFHI slices. Ensembles consist of coordinated activity between groups of active ROIs. We exposed the CA1 ensemble to Schaffer-collateral stimulation in an abbreviated LTP paradigm and observed novel coordinated patterns of post stimulus calcium ensemble activity. HFHI ensembles displayed qualitatively similar patterns of post-stimulus ensemble activity to shams but showed significant changes in quantitative ensemble inactivation and reactivation. Previous in vivo and in vitro reports have shown that ensemble activity frequently occurs through a similar set of ROIs firing in a repeating fashion. HFHI slices showed a decrease in such coordinated firing patterns during post stimulus ensemble activity. The present study shows that HFHI alters synaptic activity and disrupts neuronal organization of the ensemble, providing further evidence of physiological synaptic adaptation occurring in the brain after a high frequency of non-pathological head impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Chapman
- Georgetown Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Sloley
- Georgetown Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Adam P. Caccavano
- Georgetown Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Georgetown Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mark P. Burns
- Georgetown Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark P. Burns,
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19
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Lower cortical volume is associated with poor sleep quality after traumatic brain injury. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1362-1371. [PMID: 35018551 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to be associated with poor sleep. In this report, we aimed to identify associations between differences in cortical volume and sleep quality post-TBI. MRI anatomical scans from 88 cases with TBI were analyzed in this report. Subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM), was used to obtain statistical maps of the association between PSQI and cortical volume in gray matter and white matter voxels. Higher PSQI total scores (poor sleep quality) were strongly associated with smaller gray matter volume in the cerebellum. White matter volume was not associated with total PSQI. The sleep disturbance subcomponent showed a significant association with gray and white matter volumes in the cerebellum. Although not significant, cortical areas such as the cingulate and medial frontal regions were associated with sleep quality. The cerebellum with higher contribution to motor and autonomic systems was associated strongly with poor sleep quality. Additionally, regions that play critical roles in inhibitory brain function and suppress mind wandering (i.e., default mode network including medial frontal and cingulate regions) were associated (although to a lesser extent) with sleep. Our findings suggest that poor sleep quality following TBI is significantly associated with lower cerebellar volume, with trending relationships in regions associated with inhibitory function.
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20
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An P, Zhao XC, Liu MJ, You YQ, Li JY. Gender-based differences in neuroprotective effects of hydrogen gas against intracerebral hemorrhage-induced depression. Neurochem Int 2022; 153:105276. [PMID: 34995727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression (PSD) severely affects recovery in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Although hydrogen gas (H2) exerts excellent neuroprotective effects in patients with ICH, there are sex-based differences in H2 efficacy in several diseases. Herein, we determined whether estrogen increases susceptibility to the neuroprotective effects of H2 in males with ICH-induced depression. METHODS A rodent model of ICH in the basal ganglia was established using autologous blood injection (30 μL). Mice were treated with 2.9% H2 for 2 h daily for 3 days post-ICH. Estrogen (1 mg/kg) was administered by subcutaneous injection daily for 3 days to male mice post-ICH. Thirty days post-ICH, PSD was evaluated by sucrose preference, forced swimming, and 3-chamber social tests. Following the completion of behavioral tests, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), astrocytic activation, phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB-positive astrocytes, p-NF-κB, p-IKKβ, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression were determined. RESULTS Compared with female mice, H2 administration post-ICH exhibited fewer neuroprotective effects, including decreased sucrose consumption and time spent sniffing a novel mouse, increased immobility time, downregulated total SOD content, upregulated ROS content and p-NF-κB levels, and elevated astrocyte branches, whereas estrogen enhanced the neuroprotective effects of H2 in male mice. A reduced number of p-NF-κB-positive astrocytes, downregulated expression of p-NF-κB, p-IKKβ, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the amygdala were demonstrated in ICH-males treated with estrogen plus H2. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen was responsible for increased H2 sensitivity in male mice with ICH. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the suppression of NF-κB signaling in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping An
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man-Jia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Qing You
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Knipper M, Singer W, Schwabe K, Hagberg GE, Li Hegner Y, Rüttiger L, Braun C, Land R. Disturbed Balance of Inhibitory Signaling Links Hearing Loss and Cognition. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:785603. [PMID: 35069123 PMCID: PMC8770933 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.785603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hyperexcitability in the central auditory pathway linked to reduced inhibitory activity is associated with numerous forms of hearing loss, including noise damage, age-dependent hearing loss, and deafness, as well as tinnitus or auditory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In most cases, the reduced central inhibitory activity and the accompanying hyperexcitability are interpreted as an active compensatory response to the absence of synaptic activity, linked to increased central neural gain control (increased output activity relative to reduced input). We here suggest that hyperexcitability also could be related to an immaturity or impairment of tonic inhibitory strength that typically develops in an activity-dependent process in the ascending auditory pathway with auditory experience. In these cases, high-SR auditory nerve fibers, which are critical for the shortest latencies and lowest sound thresholds, may have either not matured (possibly in congenital deafness or autism) or are dysfunctional (possibly after sudden, stressful auditory trauma or age-dependent hearing loss linked with cognitive decline). Fast auditory processing deficits can occur despite maintained basal hearing. In that case, tonic inhibitory strength is reduced in ascending auditory nuclei, and fast inhibitory parvalbumin positive interneuron (PV-IN) dendrites are diminished in auditory and frontal brain regions. This leads to deficits in central neural gain control linked to hippocampal LTP/LTD deficiencies, cognitive deficits, and unbalanced extra-hypothalamic stress control. Under these conditions, a diminished inhibitory strength may weaken local neuronal coupling to homeostatic vascular responses required for the metabolic support of auditory adjustment processes. We emphasize the need to distinguish these two states of excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in hearing disorders: (i) Under conditions of preserved fast auditory processing and sustained tonic inhibitory strength, an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance following auditory deprivation can maintain precise hearing through a memory linked, transient disinhibition that leads to enhanced spiking fidelity (central neural gain⇑) (ii) Under conditions of critically diminished fast auditory processing and reduced tonic inhibitory strength, hyperexcitability can be part of an increased synchronization over a broader frequency range, linked to reduced spiking reliability (central neural gain⇓). This latter stage mutually reinforces diminished metabolic support for auditory adjustment processes, increasing the risks for canonical dementia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marlies Knipper,
| | - Wibke Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gisela E. Hagberg
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen (UKT), Tübingen, Germany
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yiwen Li Hegner
- MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Land
- Department of Experimental Otology, Institute for Audioneurotechnology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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22
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Setkowicz Z, Gzielo K, Kielbinski M, Janeczko K. Structural changes in the neocortex as correlates of variations in EEG spectra and seizure susceptibility in rat brains with different degrees of dysplasia. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:1379-1398. [PMID: 34861050 PMCID: PMC9305260 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances of the early stages of neurogenesis lead to irreversible changes in the structure of the mature brain and its functional impairment, including increased excitability, which may be the basis for drug‐resistant epilepsy. The range of possible clinical symptoms is as wide as the different stages of disturbed neurogenesis may be. In this study, we used a quadruple model of brain dysplasia by comparing structural and functional disorders in animals whose neurogenesis was disturbed with a single dose of 1 Gy of gamma rays at one of the four stages of neurogenesis, that is, on days 13, 15, 17, or 19 of prenatal development. When reached adulthood, the prenatally irradiated rats received EEG teletransmitter implantation. Thereafter, pilocarpine was administered and significant differences in susceptibility to seizure behavioral symptoms were detected depending on the degree of brain dysplasia. Before, during, and after the seizures significant correlations were found between the density of parvalbumin‐immunopositive neurons located in the cerebral cortex and the intensity of behavioral seizure symptoms or increases in the power of particular EEG bands. Neurons expressing calretinin or NPY showed also dysplasia‐related increases without, however, correlations with parameters of seizure intensity. The results point to significant roles of parvalbumin‐expressing interneurons, and also to expression of NPY—an endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant reducing susceptibility to seizures and supporting neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Gzielo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbinski
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Janeczko
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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23
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Hiltunen J, Ndode-Ekane XE, Lipponen A, Drexel M, Sperk G, Puhakka N, Pitkänen A. Regulation of Parvalbumin Interactome in the Perilesional Cortex after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroscience 2021; 475:52-72. [PMID: 34455012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes 10-20% of structural epilepsy, with seizures typically originating in the cortex. Alterations in the neuronal microcircuits in the cortical epileptogenic zone, however, are poorly understood. Here, we assessed TBI-induced changes in perisomatic gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic innervation in the perilesional cortex. We hypothesized that TBI will damage parvalbumin (PV)-immunoreactive inhibitory neurons and induce regulation of the associated GABAergic molecular interactome. TBI was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by lateral fluid-percussion injury. At 1-month post-TBI, the number of PV-positive somata was plotted on unfolded cortical maps and the distribution and density of immunopositive terminals analyzed. Qualitative analysis revealed either patchy microlesions of several hundred micrometers in diameter or diffuse neuronal loss. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a reduction in the number of PV-positive interneurons in patches down to 0% of that in sham-operated controls in the perilesional cortex. In the majority of patches, the cell numbers ranged from 71% to 90% that of the controls. The loss of PV-positive somata was accompanied by decreased axonal labeling. In situ hybridization revealed downregulated PV mRNA expression in the perilesional cortex. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated a robustly downregulated expression profile of PV-related genes, which was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Specifically, we found that genes encoding postsynaptic GABA-A receptor genes, Gabrg2 and Gabrd, were downregulated in TBI animals compared with controls. Our data suggests that patchy reduction in PV-positive perisomatic inhibitory innervation contributes to the development of focal cortical inhibitory deficit after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hiltunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Meinrad Drexel
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Sperk
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 1a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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24
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Knipper M, Mazurek B, van Dijk P, Schulze H. Too Blind to See the Elephant? Why Neuroscientists Ought to Be Interested in Tinnitus. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:609-621. [PMID: 34686939 PMCID: PMC8599745 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A curative therapy for tinnitus currently does not exist. One may actually exist but cannot currently be causally linked to tinnitus due to the lack of consistency of concepts about the neural correlate of tinnitus. Depending on predictions, these concepts would require either a suppression or enhancement of brain activity or an increase in inhibition or disinhibition. Although procedures with a potential to silence tinnitus may exist, the lack of rationale for their curative success hampers an optimization of therapeutic protocols. We discuss here six candidate contributors to tinnitus that have been suggested by a variety of scientific experts in the field and that were addressed in a virtual panel discussion at the ARO round table in February 2021. In this discussion, several potential tinnitus contributors were considered: (i) inhibitory circuits, (ii) attention, (iii) stress, (iv) unidentified sub-entities, (v) maladaptive information transmission, and (vi) minor cochlear deafferentation. Finally, (vii) some potential therapeutic approaches were discussed. The results of this discussion is reflected here in view of potential blind spots that may still remain and that have been ignored in most tinnitus literature. We strongly suggest to consider the high impact of connecting the controversial findings to unravel the whole complexity of the tinnitus phenomenon; an essential prerequisite for establishing suitable therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Knipper
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre (THRC), Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Mazurek
- Tinnitus Center Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pim van Dijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Aronitz EM, Kamermans BA, Duffy KR. Development of parvalbumin neurons and perineuronal nets in the visual cortex of normal and dark-exposed cats. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2827-2841. [PMID: 33576496 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During development, the visual system maintains a high capacity for modification by expressing characteristics permissive for plasticity, enabling neural circuits to be refined by visual experience to achieve their mature form. This period is followed by the emergence of characteristics that stabilize the brain to consolidate for lifetime connections that were informed by experience. Attenuation of plasticity potential is thought to derive from an accumulation of plasticity-inhibiting characteristics that appear at ages beyond the peak of plasticity. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are molecular aggregations that primarily surround fast-spiking inhibitory neurons called parvalbumin (PV) cells, which exhibit properties congruent with a plasticity inhibitor. In this study, we examined the development of PNNs and PV cells in the primary visual cortex of a highly visual mammal, and assessed the impact that 10 days of darkness had on both characteristics. Here, we show that labeling for PV expression emerges earlier and reaches adult levels sooner than PNNs. We also demonstrate that darkness, a condition known to enhance plasticity, significantly reduces the density of PNNs and the size of PV cell somata but does not alter the number of PV cells in the visual cortex. The darkness-induced reduction of PV cell size occurred irrespective of whether neurons were surrounded by a PNN, suggesting that PNNs have a restricted capacity to inhibit plasticity. Finally, we show that PV cells surrounded by a PNN were significantly larger than those without one, supporting the view that PNNs may mediate trophic support to the cells they surround.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Aronitz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Braden A Kamermans
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kevin R Duffy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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26
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Löscher W, Klein P. New approaches for developing multi-targeted drug combinations for disease modification of complex brain disorders. Does epilepsy prevention become a realistic goal? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 229:107934. [PMID: 34216705 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over decades, the prevailing standard in drug discovery was the concept of designing highly selective compounds that act on individual drug targets. However, more recently, multi-target and combinatorial drug therapies have become an important treatment modality in complex diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The development of such network-based approaches is facilitated by the significant advance in our understanding of the pathophysiological processes in these and other complex brain diseases and the adoption of modern computational approaches in drug discovery and repurposing. However, although drug combination therapy has become an effective means for the symptomatic treatment of many complex diseases, the holy grail of identifying clinically effective disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative and other brain diseases remains elusive. Thus, despite extensive research, there remains an urgent need for novel treatments that will modify the progression of the disease or prevent its development in patients at risk. Here we discuss recent approaches with a focus on multi-targeted drug combinations for prevention or modification of epilepsy. Over the last ~10 years, several novel promising multi-targeted therapeutic approaches have been identified in animal models. We envision that synergistic combinations of repurposed drugs as presented in this review will be demonstrated to prevent epilepsy in patients at risk within the next 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Pavel Klein
- Mid-Atlantic Epilepsy and Sleep Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Detrick JA, Zink C, Rosch KS, Horn PS, Huddleston DA, Crocetti D, Wu SW, Pedapati EV, Wassermann EM, Mostofsky SH, Gilbert DL. Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab093. [PMID: 34041478 PMCID: PMC8134834 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the most prevalent developmental disorder in childhood, is a biologically heterogenous condition characterized by impaired attention and impulse control as well as motoric hyperactivity and anomalous motor skill development. Neuropsychological testing often demonstrates impairments in motivation and reward-related decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, believed to indicate dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway. Development of reliable, non-invasive, easily obtained and quantitative biomarkers correlating with the presence and severity of clinical symptoms and impaired domains of function could aid in identifying meaningful attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subgroups and targeting appropriate treatments. To this end, 55 (37 male) 8–12-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 50 (32 male) age-matched, typically-developing controls were enrolled in a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol—used previously to quantify cortical disinhibition in both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Parkinson’s Disease—with a child-friendly reward motivation task. The primary outcomes were reward task-induced changes in short interval cortical inhibition and up-modulation of motor evoked potential amplitudes, evaluated using mixed model, repeated measure regression. Our results show that both reward cues and reward receipt reduce short-interval cortical inhibition, and that baseline differences by diagnosis (less inhibition in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) were no longer present when reward was cued or received. Similarly, both reward cues and reward receipt up-modulated motor evoked potential amplitudes, but, differentiating the two groups, this Task-Related-Up-Modulation was decreased in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, more severe hyperactive/impulsive symptoms correlated significantly with less up-modulation with success in obtaining reward. These results suggest that in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, short interval cortical inhibition may reflect baseline deficiencies as well as processes that normalize performance under rewarded conditions. Task-Related-Up-Modulation may reflect general hypo-responsiveness in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder to both reward cue and, especially in more hyperactive/impulsive children, to successful reward receipt. These findings support transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked cortical inhibition and task-induced excitability as biomarkers of clinically relevant domains of dysfunction in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Detrick
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Zink
- Baltimore Research and Education Foundation, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keri Shiels Rosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuropsychology, Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David A Huddleston
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Deana Crocetti
- Department of Neuropsychology, Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steve W Wu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ernest V Pedapati
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric M Wassermann
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuropsychology, Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald L Gilbert
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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28
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Huang MX, Huang CW, Harrington DL, Nichols S, Robb-Swan A, Angeles-Quinto A, Le L, Rimmele C, Drake A, Song T, Huang JW, Clifford R, Ji Z, Cheng CK, Lerman I, Yurgil KA, Lee RR, Baker DG. Marked Increases in Resting-State MEG Gamma-Band Activity in Combat-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:283-295. [PMID: 31041986 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a leading cause of sustained impairments in military service members and veterans. Recent animal studies show that GABA-ergic parvalbumin-positive interneurons are susceptible to brain injury, with damage causing abnormal increases in spontaneous gamma-band (30-80 Hz) activity. We investigated spontaneous gamma activity in individuals with mTBI using high-resolution resting-state magnetoencephalography source imaging. Participants included 25 symptomatic individuals with chronic combat-related blast mTBI and 35 healthy controls with similar combat experiences. Compared with controls, gamma activity was markedly elevated in mTBI participants throughout frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortices, whereas gamma activity was reduced in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Across groups, greater gamma activity correlated with poorer performances on tests of executive functioning and visuospatial processing. Many neurocognitive associations, however, were partly driven by the higher incidence of mTBI participants with both higher gamma activity and poorer cognition, suggesting that expansive upregulation of gamma has negative repercussions for cognition particularly in mTBI. This is the first human study to demonstrate abnormal resting-state gamma activity in mTBI. These novel findings suggest the possibility that abnormal gamma activities may be a proxy for GABA-ergic interneuron dysfunction and a promising neuroimaging marker of insidious mild head injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiong Huang
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Charles W Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deborah L Harrington
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Nichols
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Robb-Swan
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Annemarie Angeles-Quinto
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lu Le
- ASPIRE Center, VASDHS Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carl Rimmele
- ASPIRE Center, VASDHS Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Angela Drake
- Cedar Sinai Medical Group Chronic Pain Program, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Royce Clifford
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhengwei Ji
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chung-Kuan Cheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Imanuel Lerman
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kate A Yurgil
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Loyola University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Roland R Lee
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
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29
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Lee HHC, Pearl PL, Rotenberg A. Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Relevance in γ-Aminobutyric Acid Plasticity. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:1200-1209. [PMID: 33624531 PMCID: PMC8382780 DOI: 10.1177/0883073821993000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) is a rare inborn metabolic disorder caused by the functional impairment of SSADH (encoded by the ALDH5A1 gene), an enzyme essential for metabolism of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In SSADHD, pathologic accumulation of GABA and its metabolite γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) results in broad spectrum encephalopathy including developmental delay, ataxia, seizures, and a heightened risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Proof-of-concept systemic SSADH restoration via enzyme replacement therapy increased survival of SSADH knockout mice, suggesting that SSADH restoration might be a viable intervention for SSADHD. However, before testing enzyme replacement therapy or gene therapy in patients, we must consider its safety and feasibility in the context of early brain development and unique SSADHD pathophysiology. Specifically, a profound use-dependent downregulation of GABAA receptors in SSADHD indicates a risk that any sudden SSADH restoration might diminish GABAergic tone and provoke seizures. In addition, the tight developmental regulation of GABA circuit plasticity might limit the age window when SSADH restoration is accomplished safely. Moreover, given SSADH expressions are cell type-specific, targeted instead of global restoration might be necessary. We therefore describe 3 key parameters for the clinical readiness of SSADH restoration: (1) rate, (2) timing, and (3) cell type specificity. Our work focuses on the construction of a novel SSADHD mouse model that allows "on-demand" SSADH restoration for the systematic investigation of these key parameters. We aim to understand the impacts of specific SSADH restoration protocols on brain physiology, accelerating bench-to-bedside development of enzyme replacement therapy or gene therapy for SSADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Hing Cheong Lee
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital,Correspondence: Henry Lee () and Alexander Rotenberg ()
| | | | - Alexander Rotenberg
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital,Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital,Correspondence: Henry Lee () and Alexander Rotenberg ()
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30
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Nguyen T, Al-Juboori MH, Walerstein J, Xiong W, Jin X. Impaired Glutamate Receptor Function Underlies Early Activity Loss of Ipsilesional Motor Cortex after Closed-Head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2018-2029. [PMID: 33238833 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for the majority of TBI patients, the effects and cellular and molecular mechanisms of mTBI on cortical neural circuits are still not well understood. Given the transient and non-specific functional deficits after mTBI, it is important to understand whether mTBI causes functional deficits of the brain and the underlying mechanism, particularly during the early stage after injury. Here, we used in vivo optogenetic motor mapping to determine longitudinal changes in cortical motor map and in vitro calcium imaging to study how changes in cortical excitability and calcium signals may contribute to the motor deficits in a closed-head mTBI model. In channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2)-expressing transgenic mice, we recorded electromyograms (EMGs) from bicep muscles induced by scanning blue laser on the motor cortex. There were significant decreases in the size and response amplitude of motor maps of the injured cortex at 2 h post-mTBI, but an increase in motor map size of the contralateral cortex in 12 h post-mTBI, both of which recovered to baseline level in 24 h. Calcium imaging of cortical slices prepared from green fluorescent calmodulin proteins-expressing transgenic mice showed a lower amplitude, but longer duration, of calcium transients of the injured cortex in 2 h post-mTBI. Blockade of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors resulted in smaller amplitude of calcium transients, suggesting impaired function of both receptor types. Imaging of calcium transients evoked by glutamate uncaging revealed reduced response amplitudes and longer duration in 2, 12, and 24 h after mTBI. Higher percentages of neurons of the injured cortex had a longer latency period after uncaging than that of the uninjured neurons. The results suggest that impaired glutamate neurotransmission contributes to functional deficits of the motor cortex in vivo, which supports enhancing glutamate neurotransmission as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Nguyen
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Medical Neuroscience Program, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mohammed Haider Al-Juboori
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jakub Walerstein
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wenhui Xiong
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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31
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Huang MX, Huang CW, Harrington DL, Robb-Swan A, Angeles-Quinto A, Nichols S, Huang JW, Le L, Rimmele C, Matthews S, Drake A, Song T, Ji Z, Cheng CK, Shen Q, Foote E, Lerman I, Yurgil KA, Hansen HB, Naviaux RK, Dynes R, Baker DG, Lee RR. Resting-state magnetoencephalography source magnitude imaging with deep-learning neural network for classification of symptomatic combat-related mild traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:1987-2004. [PMID: 33449442 PMCID: PMC8046098 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Combat‐related mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI) is a leading cause of sustained physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disabilities in Veterans and active‐duty military personnel. Accurate diagnosis of cmTBI is challenging since the symptom spectrum is broad and conventional neuroimaging techniques are insensitive to the underlying neuropathology. The present study developed a novel deep‐learning neural network method, 3D‐MEGNET, and applied it to resting‐state magnetoencephalography (rs‐MEG) source‐magnitude imaging data from 59 symptomatic cmTBI individuals and 42 combat‐deployed healthy controls (HCs). Analytic models of individual frequency bands and all bands together were tested. The All‐frequency model, which combined delta‐theta (1–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (15–30 Hz), and gamma (30–80 Hz) frequency bands, outperformed models based on individual bands. The optimized 3D‐MEGNET method distinguished cmTBI individuals from HCs with excellent sensitivity (99.9 ± 0.38%) and specificity (98.9 ± 1.54%). Receiver‐operator‐characteristic curve analysis showed that diagnostic accuracy was 0.99. The gamma and delta‐theta band models outperformed alpha and beta band models. Among cmTBI individuals, but not controls, hyper delta‐theta and gamma‐band activity correlated with lower performance on neuropsychological tests, whereas hypo alpha and beta‐band activity also correlated with lower neuropsychological test performance. This study provides an integrated framework for condensing large source‐imaging variable sets into optimal combinations of regions and frequencies with high diagnostic accuracy and cognitive relevance in cmTBI. The all‐frequency model offered more discriminative power than each frequency‐band model alone. This approach offers an effective path for optimal characterization of behaviorally relevant neuroimaging features in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiong Huang
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Charles W Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Deborah L Harrington
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ashley Robb-Swan
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Annemarie Angeles-Quinto
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sharon Nichols
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lu Le
- ASPIRE Center, VASDHS Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carl Rimmele
- ASPIRE Center, VASDHS Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Scott Matthews
- ASPIRE Center, VASDHS Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Angela Drake
- Cedar Sinai Medical Group Chronic Pain Program, Beverly Hills, California, USA
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Zhengwei Ji
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Chung-Kuan Cheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ericka Foote
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Imanuel Lerman
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kate A Yurgil
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Loyola University New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hayden B Hansen
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert K Naviaux
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert Dynes
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Roland R Lee
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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The Neural Bases of Tinnitus: Lessons from Deafness and Cochlear Implants. J Neurosci 2021; 40:7190-7202. [PMID: 32938634 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1314-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subjective tinnitus is the conscious perception of sound in the absence of any acoustic source. The literature suggests various tinnitus mechanisms, most of which invoke changes in spontaneous firing rates of central auditory neurons resulting from modification of neural gain. Here, we present an alternative model based on evidence that tinnitus is: (1) rare in people who are congenitally deaf, (2) common in people with acquired deafness, and (3) potentially suppressed by active cochlear implants used for hearing restoration. We propose that tinnitus can only develop after fast auditory fiber activity has stimulated the synapse formation between fast-spiking parvalbumin positive (PV+) interneurons and projecting neurons in the ascending auditory path and coactivated frontostriatal networks after hearing onset. Thereafter, fast auditory fiber activity promotes feedforward and feedback inhibition mediated by PV+ interneuron activity in auditory-specific circuits. This inhibitory network enables enhanced stimulus resolution, attention-driven contrast improvement, and augmentation of auditory responses in central auditory pathways (neural gain) after damage of slow auditory fibers. When fast auditory fiber activity is lost, tonic PV+ interneuron activity is diminished, resulting in the prolonged response latencies, sudden hyperexcitability, enhanced cortical synchrony, elevated spontaneous γ oscillations, and impaired attention/stress-control that have been described in previous tinnitus models. Moreover, because fast processing is gained through sensory experience, tinnitus would not exist in congenital deafness. Electrical cochlear stimulation may have the potential to reestablish tonic inhibitory networks and thus suppress tinnitus. The proposed framework unites many ideas of tinnitus pathophysiology and may catalyze cooperative efforts to develop tinnitus therapies.
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33
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EEG markers predictive of epilepsy risk in pediatric cerebral malaria - A feasibility study. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 113:107536. [PMID: 33232892 PMCID: PMC7736081 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral malaria (CM) affects 500,000 million children annually, 10% whom develop epilepsy within two years. Acute identification of biomarkers for post-CM epilepsy would allow for follow-up of the highest risk populations in resource-limited regions. We investigated the utility of electroencephalogram (EEG) and clinical metrics obtained during acute CM infection for predicting epilepsy. METHODS We analyzed 70 EEGs recorded within 24 h of admission for CM hospitalization obtained during the Blantyre Malaria Project Epilepsy Study (2005-2007), a prospective cohort study of pediatric CM survivors. While all studies underwent spectral analyses for comparisons of mean power band frequencies, a subset of EEGs from the 10 subjects who developed epilepsy and 10 age- and sex-matched controls underwent conventional visual analysis. Findings were tested for relationships to epilepsy outcomes. RESULTS Ten of the 70 subjects developed epilepsy. There were no significant differences between groups that were analyzed via visual EEG review; however, spectral EEG analyses revealed a significantly higher gamma-delta power ratio in CM survivors who developed epilepsy (0.23 ± 0.10) than in those who did not (0.16 ± 0.06), p = 0.003. Excluding potential confounders, multivariable logistic-regression analyses found relative gamma power (p = 0.003) and maximum temperature during admission (p = 0.03) significant and independent predictors of post-CM epilepsy, with area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve of 0.854. CONCLUSIONS We found that clinical and EEG metrics acquired during acute CM presentation confer risk of post-CM epilepsy. Further studies are required to investigate the utility of gamma activity as a potential biomarker of epileptogenesis and study this process over time. Additionally, resource limitations currently prevent follow-up of all CM cases to surveil for epilepsy, and identification of acute biomarkers in this population would offer the opportunity to allocate resources more efficiently.
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34
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Eastman CL, D'Ambrosio R, Ganesh T. Modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress to prevent epilepsy and improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2020; 172:107907. [PMID: 31837825 PMCID: PMC7274911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults worldwide. TBI survival is associated with persistent neuropsychiatric and neurological impairments, including posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). To date, no pharmaceutical treatment has been found to prevent PTE or ameliorate neurological/neuropsychiatric deficits after TBI. Brain trauma results in immediate mechanical damage to brain cells and blood vessels that may never be fully restored given the limited regenerative capacity of brain tissue. This primary insult unleashes cascades of events, prominently including neuroinflammation and massive oxidative stress that evolve over time, expanding the brain injury, but also clearing cellular debris and establishing homeostasis in the region of damage. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory sequelae of TBI contribute to posttraumatic epileptogenesis. This review will focus on possible roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their interactions with neuroinflammation in posttraumatic epileptogenesis, and emerging therapeutic strategies after TBI. We propose that inhibitors of the professional ROS-generating enzymes, the NADPH oxygenases and myeloperoxidase alone, or combined with selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase mediated signaling may have promise for the treatment or prevention of PTE and other sequelae of TBI. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'New Epilepsy Therapies for the 21st Century - From Antiseizure Drugs to Prevention, Modification and Cure of Epilepsy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford L Eastman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, 325 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | - Raimondo D'Ambrosio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, 325 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA, 98104, USA; Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, Georgia.
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35
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MacMullin P, Hodgson N, Damar U, Lee HHC, Hameed MQ, Dhamne SC, Hyde D, Conley GM, Morriss N, Qiu J, Mannix R, Hensch TK, Rotenberg A. Increase in Seizure Susceptibility After Repetitive Concussion Results from Oxidative Stress, Parvalbumin-Positive Interneuron Dysfunction and Biphasic Increases in Glutamate/GABA Ratio. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6108-6120. [PMID: 32676666 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic symptoms indicating excess cortical excitability follow mild traumatic brain injury, particularly repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI). Yet mechanisms underlying post-traumatic excitation/inhibition (E/I) ratio abnormalities may differ between the early and late post-traumatic phases. We therefore measured seizure threshold and cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) concentrations, 1 and 6 weeks after rmTBI in mice. We also analyzed the structure of parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs), their perineuronal nets (PNNs), and their electroencephalography (EEG) signature (gamma frequency band power). For mechanistic insight, we measured cortical oxidative stress, reflected in the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. We found that seizure susceptibility increased both early and late after rmTBI. However, whereas increased Glu dominated the E/I 1 week after rmTBI, Glu concentration normalized and the E/I was instead characterized by depressed GABA, reduced per-PVI parvalbumin expression, and reduced gamma EEG power at the 6-week post-rmTBI time point. Oxidative stress was increased early after rmTBI, where transient PNN degradation was noted, and progressed throughout the monitoring period. We conclude that GSH depletion, perhaps triggered by early Glu-mediated excitotoxicity, leads to late post-rmTBI loss of PVI-dependent cortical inhibitory tone. We thus propose dampening of Glu signaling, maintenance of redox state, and preservation of PVI inhibitory capacity as therapeutic targets for post-rmTBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ugur Damar
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology
| | | | - Mustafa Q Hameed
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology.,Department of Neurosurgery
| | | | - Damon Hyde
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology
| | - Grace M Conley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas Morriss
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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36
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Rosenthal ZP, Raut RV, Yan P, Koko D, Kraft AW, Czerniewski L, Acland B, Mitra A, Snyder LH, Bauer AQ, Snyder AZ, Culver JP, Raichle ME, Lee JM. Local Perturbations of Cortical Excitability Propagate Differentially Through Large-Scale Functional Networks. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3352-3369. [PMID: 32043145 PMCID: PMC7305790 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological recordings have established that GABAergic interneurons regulate excitability, plasticity, and computational function within local neural circuits. Importantly, GABAergic inhibition is focally disrupted around sites of brain injury. However, it remains unclear whether focal imbalances in inhibition/excitation lead to widespread changes in brain activity. Here, we test the hypothesis that focal perturbations in excitability disrupt large-scale brain network dynamics. We used viral chemogenetics in mice to reversibly manipulate parvalbumin interneuron (PV-IN) activity levels in whisker barrel somatosensory cortex. We then assessed how this imbalance affects cortical network activity in awake mice using wide-field optical neuroimaging of pyramidal neuron GCaMP dynamics as well as local field potential recordings. We report 1) that local changes in excitability can cause remote, network-wide effects, 2) that these effects propagate differentially through intra- and interhemispheric connections, and 3) that chemogenetic constructs can induce plasticity in cortical excitability and functional connectivity. These findings may help to explain how focal activity changes following injury lead to widespread network dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Rosenthal
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ryan V Raut
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deima Koko
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew W Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Leah Czerniewski
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Acland
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anish Mitra
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lawrence H Snyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Huang M, Lewine JD, Lee RR. Magnetoencephalography for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2020; 30:175-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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38
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Safety and Tolerability of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation During Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 37:164-169. [PMID: 32142024 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with neuropsychiatric disease may benefit from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a nonpharmacologic alternative to relieve symptoms of major depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, and perhaps other syndromes such as epilepsy. We present a case of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment as an adjunct therapy for a patient experiencing refractory epileptic seizures during the third trimester of pregnancy. Notably, the patient tolerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation well, without adverse events, and delivered a healthy child. We also summarize the current literature pertaining to therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation use during pregnancy.
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40
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Klein P, Friedman A, Hameed MQ, Kaminski RM, Bar-Klein G, Klitgaard H, Koepp M, Jozwiak S, Prince DA, Rotenberg A, Twyman R, Vezzani A, Wong M, Löscher W. Repurposed molecules for antiepileptogenesis: Missing an opportunity to prevent epilepsy? Epilepsia 2020; 61:359-386. [PMID: 32196665 PMCID: PMC8317585 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of epilepsy is a great unmet need. Acute central nervous system (CNS) insults such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), and CNS infections account for 15%-20% of all epilepsy. Following TBI and CVA, there is a latency of days to years before epilepsy develops. This allows treatment to prevent or modify postinjury epilepsy. No such treatment exists. In animal models of acquired epilepsy, a number of medications in clinical use for diverse indications have been shown to have antiepileptogenic or disease-modifying effects, including medications with excellent side effect profiles. These include atorvastatin, ceftriaxone, losartan, isoflurane, N-acetylcysteine, and the antiseizure medications levetiracetam, brivaracetam, topiramate, gabapentin, pregabalin, vigabatrin, and eslicarbazepine acetate. In addition, there are preclinical antiepileptogenic data for anakinra, rapamycin, fingolimod, and erythropoietin, although these medications have potential for more serious side effects. However, except for vigabatrin, there have been almost no translation studies to prevent or modify epilepsy using these potentially "repurposable" medications. We may be missing an opportunity to develop preventive treatment for epilepsy by not evaluating these medications clinically. One reason for the lack of translation studies is that the preclinical data for most of these medications are disparate in terms of types of injury, models within different injury type, dosing, injury-treatment initiation latencies, treatment duration, and epilepsy outcome evaluation mode and duration. This makes it difficult to compare the relative strength of antiepileptogenic evidence across the molecules, and difficult to determine which drug(s) would be the best to evaluate clinically. Furthermore, most preclinical antiepileptogenic studies lack information needed for translation, such as dose-blood level relationship, brain target engagement, and dose-response, and many use treatment parameters that cannot be applied clinically, for example, treatment initiation before or at the time of injury and dosing higher than tolerated human equivalent dosing. Here, we review animal and human antiepileptogenic evidence for these medications. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge for each molecule that need to be filled in order to consider clinical translation, and we suggest a platform of preclinical antiepileptogenesis evaluation of potentially repurposable molecules or their combinations going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Klein
- Mid-Atlantic Epilepsy and Sleep Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alon Friedman
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, and Brain and Cognitive Science, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Departments of Medical Neuroscience and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Mustafa Q. Hameed
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rafal M. Kaminski
- Neurosymptomatic Domains Section, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guy Bar-Klein
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henrik Klitgaard
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Mathias Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sergiusz Jozwiak
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David A. Prince
- Neurology and the Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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Gersner R, Paredes C, Hameed MQ, Dhamne SC, Pascual‐Leone A, Rotenberg A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation tracks subminute changes in cortical excitability during propofol anesthesia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:384-389. [PMID: 32061019 PMCID: PMC7085996 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated anesthesia systems that continuously monitor cortical excitability (CE) changes to govern drug infusion rates, are desirable. Paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS), with electromyography (EMG), provides noninvasive CE measures. We tested whether, and with what temporal resolution, ppTMS‐EMG detects dose‐dependent CE in rats anesthetized with continuous intravenous propofol. Motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded every 20 seconds as either propofol bolus or change in infusion rate was applied. ppTMS‐derived measures varied in direct proportion to propofol dose with subminute temporal resolution. We conclude that ppTMS‐EMG enables real‐time markers of target engagement by anesthetics that may be incorporated into an automated device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Gersner
- The Neuromodulation ProgramDepartment of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Carmen Paredes
- The Neuromodulation ProgramDepartment of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Mustafa Q. Hameed
- The Neuromodulation ProgramDepartment of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Department of NeurosurgeryBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Sameer C. Dhamne
- The Neuromodulation ProgramDepartment of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Alvaro Pascual‐Leone
- Department of NeurologyHebrew SeniorLifeHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Institut GuttmannUniversitat AutonomaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- The Neuromodulation ProgramDepartment of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain StimulationDepartment of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
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Bittle J, Menezes EC, McCormick ML, Spitz DR, Dailey M, Stevens HE. The Role of Redox Dysregulation in the Effects of Prenatal Stress on Embryonic Interneuron Migration. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:5116-5130. [PMID: 30877797 PMCID: PMC7199998 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders in offspring, but embryonic brain mechanisms disrupted by prenatal stress are not fully understood. Our lab has shown that prenatal stress delays inhibitory neural progenitor migration. Here, we investigated redox dysregulation as a mechanism for embryonic cortical interneuron migration delay, utilizing direct manipulation of pro- and antioxidants and a mouse model of maternal repetitive restraint stress starting on embryonic day 12. Time-lapse, live-imaging of migrating GAD67GFP+ interneurons showed that normal tangential migration of inhibitory progenitor cells was disrupted by the pro-oxidant, hydrogen peroxide. Interneuron migration was also delayed by in utero intracerebroventricular rotenone. Prenatal stress altered glutathione levels and induced changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes and expression of redox-related genes in the embryonic forebrain. Assessment of dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence after prenatal stress in ganglionic eminence (GE), the source of migrating interneurons, showed increased levels of DHE oxidation. Maternal antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and astaxanthin) normalized DHE oxidation levels in GE and ameliorated the migration delay caused by prenatal stress. Through convergent redox manipula-tions, delayed interneuron migration after prenatal stress was found to critically involve redox dysregulation. Redox biology during prenatal periods may be a target for protecting brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jada Bittle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edenia C Menezes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael L McCormick
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, B180 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, B180 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Dailey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 2312 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 2312 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Hameed MQ, Hsieh TH, Morales-Quezada L, Lee HHC, Damar U, MacMullin PC, Hensch TK, Rotenberg A. Ceftriaxone Treatment Preserves Cortical Inhibitory Interneuron Function via Transient Salvage of GLT-1 in a Rat Traumatic Brain Injury Model. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4506-4518. [PMID: 30590449 PMCID: PMC7150617 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a decrease in glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) expression, the major mechanism for glutamate removal from synapses. Coupled with an increase in glutamate release from dead and dying neurons, this causes an increase in extracellular glutamate. The ensuing glutamate excitotoxicity disproportionately damages vulnerable GABAergic parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons, resulting in a progressively worsening cortical excitatory:inhibitory imbalance due to a loss of GABAergic inhibitory tone, as evidenced by chronic post-traumatic symptoms such as epilepsy, and supported by neuropathologic findings. This loss of intracortical inhibition can be measured and followed noninvasively using long-interval paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation with mechanomyography (LI-ppTMS-MMG). Ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic, is a potent stimulator of the expression of rodent GLT-1 and would presumably decrease excitotoxic damage to GABAergic interneurons. It may thus be a viable antiepileptogenic intervention. Using a rat fluid percussion injury TBI model, we utilized LI-ppTMS-MMG, quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry to test whether ceftriaxone treatment preserves intracortical inhibition and cortical parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneuron function after TBI in rat motor cortex. We show that neocortical GLT-1 gene and protein expression are significantly reduced 1 week after TBI, and this transient loss is mitigated by ceftriaxone. Importantly, whereas intracortical inhibition declines progressively after TBI, 1 week of post-TBI ceftriaxone treatment attenuates the loss of inhibition compared to saline-treated controls. This finding is accompanied by significantly higher parvalbumin gene and protein expression in ceftriaxone-treated injured rats. Our results highlight prospects for ceftriaxone as an intervention after TBI to prevent cortical inhibitory interneuron dysfunction, partly by preserving GLT-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Q Hameed
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuromodulation Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuromodulation Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy & Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Leon Morales-Quezada
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Henry H C Lee
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ugur Damar
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuromodulation Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul C MacMullin
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuromodulation Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takao K Hensch
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuromodulation Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sargolzaei S, Cai Y, Walker MJ, Hovda DA, Harris NG, Giza CC. Craniectomy Effects on Resting State Functional Connectivity and Cognitive Performance in Immature Rats. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:5414-5417. [PMID: 30441561 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Experimental models have been proven to be valuable tools to understand downstream cellular mechanisms of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The models allow for reduction of confounding variables and tighter control of varying parameters. It has been recently reported that craniectomy induces pro-inflammatory responses, which therefore needs to be properly addressed given the fact that craniectomy is often considered a control procedure for experimental TBI models. The current study aims to determine whether a craniectomy induces alterations in Resting State Network (RSN) in a developmental rodent model. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data-driven RSN show clusters of peak differences (left caudate putamen, somatosensory cortex, amygdala and piriform cortex) between craniectomy and control group, four days post-craniectomy. In addition, the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) task revealed impaired working memory in the craniectomy group. This evidence supports craniectomy-induced neurological changes which need to be carefully addressed, considering the frequent use of craniectomy as a control procedure for experimental models of TBI.
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Tsuboyama M, Lee Kaye H, Rotenberg A. Biomarkers Obtained by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Motor Cortex in Epilepsy. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:57. [PMID: 31736722 PMCID: PMC6837164 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is associated with numerous neurodevelopmental disorders. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex coupled with electromyography (EMG) enables biomarkers that provide measures of cortical excitation and inhibition that are particularly relevant to epilepsy and related disorders. The motor threshold (MT), cortical silent period (CSP), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) are among TMS-derived metrics that are modulated by antiepileptic drugs. TMS may have a practical role in optimization of antiepileptic medication regimens, as studies demonstrate dose-dependent relationships between TMS metrics and acute medication administration. A close association between seizure freedom and normalization of cortical excitability with long-term antiepileptic drug use highlights a plausible utility of TMS in measures of anti-epileptic drug efficacy. Finally, TMS-derived biomarkers distinguish patients with various epilepsies from healthy controls and thus may enable development of disorder-specific biomarkers and therapies both within and outside of the epilepsy realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tsuboyama
- Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Harper Lee Kaye
- Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Sugar as a therapeutic target for the cognitive restoration following traumatic brain injury. Curr Opin Neurol 2019; 32:815-821. [PMID: 31609736 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to discuss examples of changes in glucose (sugar) metabolism after traumatic brain injury (TBI). It will attempt to provide an understanding of what changes in glucose metabolism mean for the injured brain. It will further identify potential therapeutic target(s) emanating from our growing understanding of glucose pathways and their roles in TBI. RECENT FINDINGS Although a significant fraction of glucose is utilized for the energy production in the brain, a small fraction is utilized in other, often ignored pathways. Recent studies have unraveled unexpected biological effects of glucose through these pathways, including redox regulation, genetic and epigenetic regulation, glycation of proteins, nucleotide synthesis and amino acid synthesis. SUMMARY A number of regulatory players in minor glucose metabolic pathways, such as folate and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, have recently been identified as potential targets to restore cognitive functions. Targeting of these players should be combined with the supplementation of alternative energy substrates to achieve the maximal cognitive restoration after TBI. This multimodal therapeutic strategy deserves testing in various models of TBI. VIDEO ABSTRACT Supplemental digital video content 1: Video that demonstrates an effective therapeutic strategy for the cognitive restoration after TBI. http://links.lww.com/CONR/A46.
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Griffiths BB, Sahbaie P, Rao A, Arvola O, Xu L, Liang D, Ouyang Y, Clark DJ, Giffard RG, Stary CM. Pre-treatment with microRNA-181a Antagomir Prevents Loss of Parvalbumin Expression and Preserves Novel Object Recognition Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:170-181. [PMID: 30900118 PMCID: PMC7213504 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can result in permanent impairment in memory and learning and may be a precursor to other neurological sequelae. Clinical treatments to ameliorate the effects of mTBI are lacking. Inhibition of microRNA-181a (miR-181a) is protective in several models of cerebral injury, but its role in mTBI has not been investigated. In the present study, miR-181a-5p antagomir was injected intracerebroventricularly 24 h prior to closed-skull cortical impact in young adult male mice. Paw withdrawal, open field, zero maze, Y maze, object location and novel object recognition tests were performed to assess neurocognitive dysfunction. Brains were assessed immunohistologically for the neuronal marker NeuN, the perineuronal net marker wisteria floribunda lectin (WFA), cFos, and the interneuron marker parvalbumin. Protein quantification was performed with immunoblots for synaptophysin and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95). Fluorescent in situ hybridization was utilized to localize hippocampal miR-181a expression. MiR-181a antagomir treatment reduced neuronal miR-181a expression after mTBI, restored deficits in novel object recognition and increased hippocampal parvalbumin expression in the dentate gyrus. These changes were associated with decreased dentate gyrus hyperactivity indicated by a relative reduction in PSD95 and cFos expression. These results suggest that miR-181a inhibition may be a therapeutic approach to reduce hippocampal excitotoxicity and prevent cognitive dysfunction following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Griffiths
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5117, USA.
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5117, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Anand Rao
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5117, USA
| | - Oiva Arvola
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5117, USA
| | - Lijun Xu
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5117, USA
| | - Deyong Liang
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5117, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yibing Ouyang
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5117, USA
| | - David J Clark
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5117, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rona G Giffard
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5117, USA
| | - Creed M Stary
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5117, USA.
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Abstract
Perineuronal Nets Decrease Membrane Capacitance of Peritumoral Fast Spiking Interneurons in a Model of Epilepsy Tewari BP, Chaunsali L, Campbell SL, Patel DC, Goode AE, and Sontheimer H. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4724. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07113-0 Patients with brain tumor commonly present with epileptic seizures. We show that tumor-associated seizures are the consequence of impaired GABAergic inhibition due to an overall loss of peritumoral fast-spiking interneurons (FSNs) concomitant with a significantly reduced firing rate of those that remain. The reduced firing is due to the degradation of perineuronal nets (PNNs) that surround FSNs. We show that PNNs decrease specific membrane capacitance of FSNs permitting them to fire action potentials at supraphysiological frequencies. Tumor-released proteolytic enzymes degrade PNNs, resulting in increased membrane capacitance, reduced firing, and hence decreased GABA release. These studies uncovered a hitherto unknown role of PNNs as an electrostatic insulator that reduces specific membrane capacitance, functionally akin to myelin sheaths around axons, thereby permitting FSNs to exceed physiological firing rates. Disruption of PNNs may similarly account for excitation-inhibition imbalances in other forms of epilepsy and PNN protection through proteolytic inhibition may provide therapeutic benefits.
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Kyyriäinen J, Bolkvadze T, Koivisto H, Lipponen A, Pérez LO, Ekolle Ndode-Ekane X, Tanila H, Pitkänen A. Deficiency of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor affects social behavior and increases seizure susceptibility. Epilepsy Res 2019; 151:67-74. [PMID: 30836238 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular proteolysis initiated by the binding of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) to its receptor (uPAR) regulates the development of inhibitory neuronal circuits in the cerebral cortex and tissue remodeling after epileptogenic brain injury. To study the function of different components of the uPA-uPAR system on behavior and epileptogenesis, and to complement our previous studies on naïve and injured mice deficient in the uPA-encoding gene Plau or the uPAR-encoding gene Plaur, we analyzed the behavioral phenotype, seizure susceptibility, and perineuronal nets surrounding parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons in Plau and Plaur (double knockout dKO) mice. In a climbing test, dKO mice showed reduced interest towards the environment as compared with Wt mice (p < 0.01). In a social approach test, however, dKO mice spent more time than Wt mice exploring the compartment containing a stranger mouse than the empty compartment (p < 0.05). Moreover, in a social interaction test, dKO mice exhibited increased contact time (p < 0.01). Compared with Wt mice, the dKO mice also had a longer single contact duration (p < 0.001) with the stranger mouse. In the elevated plus-maze, grooming, and marble burying tests, the anxiety level of dKO mice did not differ from that of Wt mice. Rearing time in an exploratory activity test, and spatial learning and memory in the Morris swim navigation task were also comparable between dKO and Wt mice. In the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure-susceptibility test, dKO mice had a shorter latency to the first epileptiform spike (p = 0.0001) and a greater total number of spikes (p < 0.001) than Wt mice. The dKO genotype did not affect the number of cortical perineuronal nets. Our findings indicate that Plau/Plaur-deficiency leads to a more social phenotype toward other mice with diminished interest in the surrounding environment, and increased seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Kyyriäinen
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tamuna Bolkvadze
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hennariikka Koivisto
- Neurobiology of Memory Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Oliva Pérez
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- Neurobiology of Memory Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Rajaei S, Fatahi Y, Dabbagh A. Meeting Between Rumi and Shams in Notch Signaling; Implications for Pain Management: A Narrative Review. Anesth Pain Med 2019; 9:e85279. [PMID: 30881911 PMCID: PMC6412915 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.85279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The meeting between Rumi and Shams, in the 13th century, was a turning point in the life of Rumi leading to a revolutionary effect in his thoughts, ideas, and poems. This was an ever-inspiring meeting with many results throughout the centuries. This meeting has created some footprints in cellular and molecular medicine: The discovery of two distinct genes in Drosophila, i.e. Rumi and Shams and their role in controlling Notch signaling, which has a critical role in cell biology. This nomination and the interactions between the two genes has led us to a number of novel studies during the last years. This article reviews the interactions between Rumi and Shams and their effects on Notch signaling in order to find potential novel drugs for pain control through drug development studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Rajaei
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Dabbagh
- Cardiac Anesthesiology Department, Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Cardiac Anesthesiology Department, Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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