1
|
Xu JJ, Kan WJ, Wang TY, Li L, Zhang Y, Ge ZY, Xu JY, Yin ZJ, Feng Y, Wang G, Du J. Ganoderic acid A ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in CSDS mice: Insights from proteomic profiling and molecular mechanisms. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:270-282. [PMID: 38723681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ganoderic Acid A (GAA), a primary bioactive component in Ganoderma, has demonstrated ameliorative effects on depressive-like behaviors in a Chronic Social Defeat Stress (CSDS) mouse model. This study aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms through proteomic analysis. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were allocated into control (CON), chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), GAA, and imipramine (IMI) groups. Post-depression induction via CSDS, the GAA and IMI groups received respective treatments of GAA (2.5 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg) for five days. Behavioral assessments utilized standardized tests. Proteins from the prefrontal cortex were analyzed using LC-MS, with further examination via bioinformatics and PRM for differential expression. Western blot analysis confirmed protein expression levels. RESULTS Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) induced depressive-like behaviors in mice, which were significantly alleviated by GAA treatment, comparably to imipramine (IMI). Proteomic analysis identified distinct proteins in control (305), GAA-treated (949), and IMI-treated (289) groups. Enrichment in mitochondrial and synaptic proteins was evident from GO and PPI analyses. PRM analysis revealed significant expression changes in proteins crucial for mitochondrial and synaptic functions (namely, Naa30, Bnip1, Tubgcp4, Atxn3, Carmil1, Nup37, Apoh, Mrpl42, Tprkb, Acbd5, Dcx, Erbb4, Ppp1r2, Fam3c, Rnf112, and Cep41). Western blot validation in the prefrontal cortex showed increased levels of Mrpl42, Dcx, Fam3c, Ppp1r2, Rnf112, and Naa30 following GAA treatment. CONCLUSION GAA exhibits potential antidepressant properties, with its action potentially tied to the modulation of synaptic functions and mitochondrial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jie Xu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei-Jing Kan
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian-Yi Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zi-Yu Ge
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ji-Yi Xu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zi-Jia Yin
- Harbin Medical University Daqing Campus, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jing Du
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vermoyal JC, Hardy D, Goirand-Lopez L, Vinck A, Silvagnoli L, Fortoul A, Francis F, Cappello S, Bureau I, Represa A, Cardoso C, Watrin F, Marissal T, Manent JB. Grey matter heterotopia subtypes show specific morpho-electric signatures and network dynamics. Brain 2024; 147:996-1010. [PMID: 37724593 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Grey matter heterotopia (GMH) are neurodevelopmental disorders associated with abnormal cortical function and epilepsy. Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) are two well-recognized GMH subtypes in which neurons are misplaced, either forming nodules lining the ventricles in PVNH, or forming bands in the white matter in SBH. Although both PVNH and SBH are commonly associated with epilepsy, it is unclear whether these two GMH subtypes differ in terms of pathological consequences or, on the contrary, share common altered mechanisms. Here, we studied two robust preclinical models of SBH and PVNH, and performed a systematic comparative assessment of the physiological and morphological diversity of heterotopia neurons, as well as the dynamics of epileptiform activity and input connectivity. We uncovered a complex set of altered properties, including both common and distinct physiological and morphological features across heterotopia subtypes, and associated with specific dynamics of epileptiform activity. Taken together, these results suggest that pro-epileptic circuits in GMH are, at least in part, composed of neurons with distinct, subtype-specific, physiological and morphological properties depending on the heterotopia subtype. Our work supports the notion that GMH represent a complex set of disorders, associating both shared and diverging pathological consequences, and contributing to forming epileptogenic networks with specific properties. A deeper understanding of these properties may help to refine current GMH classification schemes by identifying morpho-electric signatures of GMH subtypes, to potentially inform new treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Vermoyal
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Delphine Hardy
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Lucas Goirand-Lopez
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Antonin Vinck
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Lucas Silvagnoli
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Aurélien Fortoul
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM, Sorbonne University, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Ingrid Bureau
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Alfonso Represa
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Françoise Watrin
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Thomas Marissal
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Manent
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caznok Silveira AC, Antunes ASLM, Athié MCP, da Silva BF, Ribeiro dos Santos JV, Canateli C, Fontoura MA, Pinto A, Pimentel-Silva LR, Avansini SH, de Carvalho M. Between neurons and networks: investigating mesoscale brain connectivity in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1340345. [PMID: 38445254 PMCID: PMC10912403 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1340345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of brain connectivity has been a cornerstone in understanding the complexities of neurological and psychiatric disorders. It has provided invaluable insights into the functional architecture of the brain and how it is perturbed in disorders. However, a persistent challenge has been achieving the proper spatial resolution, and developing computational algorithms to address biological questions at the multi-cellular level, a scale often referred to as the mesoscale. Historically, neuroimaging studies of brain connectivity have predominantly focused on the macroscale, providing insights into inter-regional brain connections but often falling short of resolving the intricacies of neural circuitry at the cellular or mesoscale level. This limitation has hindered our ability to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders and to develop targeted interventions. In light of this issue, our review manuscript seeks to bridge this critical gap by delving into the domain of mesoscale neuroimaging. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of conditions affected by aberrant neural connections, image acquisition techniques, feature extraction, and data analysis methods that are specifically tailored to the mesoscale. We further delineate the potential of brain connectivity research to elucidate complex biological questions, with a particular focus on schizophrenia and epilepsy. This review encompasses topics such as dendritic spine quantification, single neuron morphology, and brain region connectivity. We aim to showcase the applicability and significance of mesoscale neuroimaging techniques in the field of neuroscience, highlighting their potential for gaining insights into the complexities of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Caznok Silveira
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Pedro Athié
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Filomena da Silva
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Canateli
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marina Alves Fontoura
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Allan Pinto
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Simoni Helena Avansini
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Murilo de Carvalho
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hardy D, Buhler E, Suchkov D, Vinck A, Fortoul A, Watrin F, Represa A, Minlebaev M, Manent JB. Early suppression of excitability in subcortical band heterotopia modifies epileptogenesis in rats. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:106002. [PMID: 36649744 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development represent a major cause of epilepsy in childhood. However, the pathological substrate and dynamic changes leading to the development and progression of epilepsy remain unclear. Here, we characterized an etiology-relevant rat model of subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), a diffuse type of cortical malformation associated with drug-resistant seizures in humans. We used longitudinal electrographic recordings to monitor the age-dependent evolution of epileptiform discharges during the course of epileptogenesis in this model. We found both quantitative and qualitative age-related changes in seizures properties and patterns, accompanying a gradual progression towards a fully developed seizure pattern seen in adulthood. We also dissected the relative contribution of the band heterotopia and the overlying cortex to the development and age-dependent progression of epilepsy using timed and spatially targeted manipulation of neuronal excitability. We found that an early suppression of neuronal excitability in SBH slows down epileptogenesis in juvenile rats, whereas epileptogenesis is paradoxically exacerbated when excitability is suppressed in the overlying cortex. However, in rats with active epilepsy, similar manipulations of excitability have no effect on chronic spontaneous seizures. Together, our data support the notion that complex developmental alterations occurring in both the SBH and the overlying cortex concur to creating pathogenic circuits prone to generate seizures. Our study also suggests that early and targeted interventions could potentially influence the course of these altered developmental trajectories, and favorably modify epileptogenesis in malformations of cortical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Hardy
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Dmitrii Suchkov
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Antonin Vinck
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélien Fortoul
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Watrin
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Alfonso Represa
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marat Minlebaev
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Manent
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dubois C, Gupta S, Mugler A, Félix MA. Temporally regulated cell migration is sensitive to variation in body size. Development 2021; 148:dev196949. [PMID: 33593818 PMCID: PMC10683003 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have measured the robustness to perturbations of the final position of a long-range migrating cell. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the QR neuroblast migrates anteriorly, while undergoing three division rounds. We study the final position of two of its great-granddaughters, the end of migration of which was previously shown to depend on a timing mechanism. We find that the variance in their final position is similar to that of other long-range migrating neurons. As expected from the timing mechanism, the position of QR descendants depends on body size, which we varied by changing maternal age or using body size mutants. Using a mathematical model, we show that body size variation is partially compensated for. Applying environmental perturbations, we find that the variance in final position increased following starvation at hatching. The mean position is displaced upon a temperature shift. Finally, highly significant variation was found among C. elegans wild isolates. Overall, this study reveals that the final position of these neurons is quite robust to stochastic variation, shows some sensitivity to body size and to external perturbations, and varies in the species.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Dubois
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andrew Mugler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Marie-Anne Félix
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Medvedeva VP, Pierani A. How Do Electric Fields Coordinate Neuronal Migration and Maturation in the Developing Cortex? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580657. [PMID: 33102486 PMCID: PMC7546860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During development the vast majority of cells that will later compose the mature cerebral cortex undergo extensive migration to reach their final position. In addition to intrinsically distinct migratory behaviors, cells encounter and respond to vastly different microenvironments. These range from axonal tracts to cell-dense matrices, electrically active regions and extracellular matrix components, which may all change overtime. Furthermore, migrating neurons themselves not only adapt to their microenvironment but also modify the local niche through cell-cell contacts, secreted factors and ions. In the radial dimension, the developing cortex is roughly divided into dense progenitor and cortical plate territories, and a less crowded intermediate zone. The cortical plate is bordered by the subplate and the marginal zone, which are populated by neurons with high electrical activity and characterized by sophisticated neuritic ramifications. Neuronal migration is influenced by these boundaries resulting in dramatic changes in migratory behaviors as well as morphology and electrical activity. Modifications in the levels of any of these parameters can lead to alterations and even arrest of migration. Recent work indicates that morphology and electrical activity of migrating neuron are interconnected and the aim of this review is to explore the extent of this connection. We will discuss on one hand how the response of migrating neurons is altered upon modification of their intrinsic electrical properties and whether, on the other hand, the electrical properties of the cellular environment can modify the morphology and electrical activity of migrating cortical neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera P Medvedeva
- Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yi JH, Whitcomb DJ, Park SJ, Martinez-Perez C, Barbati SA, Mitchell SJ, Cho K. M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor dysfunction in moderate Alzheimer's disease pathology. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa058. [PMID: 32766549 PMCID: PMC7391992 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid beta and loss of cholinergic innervation in the brain are predominant components of Alzheimer’s disease pathology and likely underlie cognitive impairment. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are one of the few treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease, where levels of available acetylcholine are enhanced to counteract the cholinergic loss. However, these inhibitors show limited clinical efficacy. One potential explanation for this is a concomitant dysregulation of cholinergic receptors themselves as a consequence of the amyloid beta pathology. We tested this hypothesis by examining levels of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the temporal cortex from seven Alzheimer’s disease and seven non-disease age-matched control brain tissue samples (control: 85 ± 2.63 years old, moderate Alzheimer’s disease: 84 ± 2.32 years old, P-value = 0.721; eight female and six male patients). The samples were categorized into two groups: ‘control’ (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease diagnosis of ‘No Alzheimer’s disease’, and Braak staging pathology of I–II) and ‘moderate Alzheimer’s disease’ (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease diagnosis of ‘possible/probable Alzheimer’s disease’, and Braak staging pathology of IV). We find that in comparison to age-matched controls, there is a loss of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in moderate Alzheimer’s disease tissue (control: 2.17 ± 0.27 arbitrary units, n = 7, Mod-AD: 0.83 ± 0.16 arbitrary units, n = 7, two-tailed t-test, t = 4.248, P = 0.00113). Using a functional rat cortical brain slice model, we find that postsynaptic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor function is dysregulated by aberrant amyloid beta-mediated activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Crucially, blocking metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 restores muscarinic acetylcholine receptor function and object recognition memory in 5XFAD transgenic mice. This indicates that the amyloid beta-mediated activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 negatively regulates muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and illustrates the importance of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as a potential disease-modifying target in the moderate pathological stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Yi
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Daniel J Whitcomb
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Celia Martinez-Perez
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Saviana A Barbati
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Scott J Mitchell
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Kwangwook Cho
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Agi E, Kulkarni A, Hiesinger PR. Neuronal strategies for meeting the right partner during brain wiring. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 63:1-8. [PMID: 32036252 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two neurons can only form a synapse if their axonal and dendritic projections meet at the same time and place. While spatiotemporal proximity is necessary for synapse formation, it remains unclear to what extent the underlying positional strategies are sufficient to ensure synapse formation between the right partners. Many neurons readily form synapses with wrong partners if they find themselves at the wrong place or time. Minimally, restricting spatiotemporal proximity can prevent incorrect synapses. Maximally, restricting encounters in time and space could be sufficient to ensure correct partnerships between neurons that can form synapses promiscuously. In this review we explore recent findings on positional strategies during developmental growth that contribute to precise outcomes in brain wiring.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pan YH, Wu N, Yuan XB. Toward a Better Understanding of Neuronal Migration Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:205. [PMID: 31620440 PMCID: PMC6763556 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons in developing brains actively migrate from germinal zones to designated regions before being wired into functional circuits. The motility and trajectory of migrating neurons are regulated by both extracellular factors and intracellular signaling cascades. Defects in the molecular machinery of neuronal migration lead to mis-localization of affected neurons and are considered as an important etiology of multiple developmental disorders including epilepsy, dyslexia, schizophrenia (SCZ), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the mechanisms that link neuronal migration deficits to the development of these diseases remain elusive. This review focuses on neuronal migration deficits in ASD. From a translational perspective, we discuss (1) whether neuronal migration deficits are general neuropathological characteristics of ASD; (2) how the phenotypic heterogeneity of neuronal migration disorders is generated; (3) how neuronal migration deficits lead to functional defects of brain circuits; and (4) how therapeutic intervention of neuronal migration deficits can be a potential treatment for ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Martineau FS, Fournier L, Buhler E, Watrin F, Sargolini F, Manent JB, Poucet B, Represa A. Spared cognitive and behavioral functions prior to epilepsy onset in a rat model of subcortical band heterotopia. Brain Res 2019; 1711:146-155. [PMID: 30689978 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), also known as doublecortex syndrome, is a malformation of cortical development resulting from mutations in the doublecortin gene (DCX). It is characterized by a lack of migration of cortical neurons that accumulate in the white matter forming a heterotopic band. Patients with SBH may present mild to moderate intellectual disability as well as epilepsy. The SBH condition can be modeled in rats by in utero knockdown (KD) of Dcx. The affected cells form an SBH reminiscent of that observed in human patients and the animals develop a chronic epileptic condition in adulthood. Here, we investigated if the presence of a SBH is sufficient to induce cognitive impairment in juvenile Dcx-KD rats, before the onset of epilepsy. Using a wide range of behavioral tests, we found that the presence of SBH did not appear to affect motor control or somatosensory processing. In addition, cognitive abilities such as learning, short-term and long-term memory, were normal in pre-epileptic Dcx-KD rats. We suggest that the SBH presence is not sufficient to impair these behavioral functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauriane Fournier
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Françoise Watrin
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Francesca Sargolini
- LNC - Fédération de recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR7291, Marseille 13331 CEDEX 03, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Manent
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Bruno Poucet
- LNC - Fédération de recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR7291, Marseille 13331 CEDEX 03, France
| | - Alfonso Represa
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guarnieri FC, de Chevigny A, Falace A, Cardoso C. Disorders of neurogenesis and cortical development. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 30936766 PMCID: PMC6436956 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2018.20.4/ccardoso] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of the cerebral cortex requires complex sequential processes that have to be precisely orchestrated. The localization and timing of neuronal progenitor proliferation and of neuronal migration define the identity, laminar positioning, and specific connectivity of each single cortical neuron. Alterations at any step of this organized series of events—due to genetic mutations or environmental factors—lead to defined brain pathologies collectively known as malformations of cortical development (MCDs), which are now recognized as a leading cause of drug-resistant epilepsy and intellectual disability. In this heterogeneous group of disorders, macroscopic alterations of brain structure (eg, heterotopic nodules, small or absent gyri, double cortex) can be recognized and probably subtend a general reorganization of neuronal circuits. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that are implicated in the generation of genetic MCDs associated with aberrations at various steps of neurogenesis and cortical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Falace
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, INMED, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, INMED, Marseille 13009, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Represa A. Why Malformations of Cortical Development Cause Epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:250. [PMID: 30983952 PMCID: PMC6450262 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCDs), a complex family of rare disorders, result from alterations of one or combined developmental steps, including progenitors proliferation, neuronal migration and differentiation. They are an important cause of childhood epilepsy and frequently associate cognitive deficits and behavioral alterations. Though the physiopathological mechanisms of epilepsy in MCD patients remain poorly elucidated, research during the past decade highlighted the contribution of some factors that will be reviewed in this paper and that include: (i) the genes that caused the malformation, that can be responsible for a significant reduction of inhibitory cells (e.g., ARX gene) or be inducing cell-autonomous epileptogenic changes in affected neurons (e.g., mutations on the mTOR pathway); (ii) the alteration of cortical networks development induced by the malformation that will also involve adjacent or distal cortical areas apparently sane so that the epileptogenic focus might be more extended that the malformation or even localized at distance from it; (iii) the normal developmental processes that would influence and determine the onset of epilepsy in MCD patients, particularly precocious in most of the cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Represa
- INSERM, Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sahu S, Buhler E, Vermoyal JC, Watrin F, Represa A, Manent JB. Spontaneous epileptiform activity in a rat model of bilateral subcortical band heterotopia. Epilepsia 2018; 60:337-348. [PMID: 30597542 PMCID: PMC7027481 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malformations of cortical development are common causes of intellectual disability and epilepsy, yet there is a crucial lack of relevant preclinical models associating seizures and cortical malformations. Here, we describe a novel rat model with bilateral subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and examine whether this model develops spontaneous epileptic seizures. METHODS To generate bilateral SBH in rats, we combined RNAi-mediated knockdown of Dcx and in utero electroporation with a tripolar electrode configuration enabling simultaneous transfection of the two brain hemispheres. To determine whether bilateral SBH leads to epileptiform activity, rats of various ages were implanted for telemetric electrocorticographic recordings and histopathological examination was carried out at the end of the recording sessions. RESULTS By 2 months, rats with bilateral SBH showed nonconvulsive spontaneous seizures consisting of spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) with dominant frequencies in the alpha and theta bands and secondarily in higher-frequency bands. SWDs occurred during both the dark and the light period, but were more frequent during quiet awake state than during sleep. Also, SWDs were more frequent and lasted longer at older ages. No sex differences were found. Although frequencies and durations of SWDs were found to be uncorrelated with the size of SBH, SWDs were initiated in some occasions from brain hemispheres comprising a larger SBH. Lastly, SWDs exhibited absence-like pharmacological properties, being temporarily alleviated by ethosuximide administration. SIGNIFICANCE This novel model of bilateral SBH with spontaneous epilepsy may potentially provide valuable new insights into causality between cortical malformations and seizures, and help translational research aiming at designing novel treatment strategies for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Sahu
- Neurobiology Institute of the Mediterranean (INMED), Aix-Marseille University, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1249, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- Neurobiology Institute of the Mediterranean (INMED), Aix-Marseille University, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1249, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Vermoyal
- Neurobiology Institute of the Mediterranean (INMED), Aix-Marseille University, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1249, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Watrin
- Neurobiology Institute of the Mediterranean (INMED), Aix-Marseille University, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1249, Marseille, France
| | - Alfonso Represa
- Neurobiology Institute of the Mediterranean (INMED), Aix-Marseille University, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1249, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Manent
- Neurobiology Institute of the Mediterranean (INMED), Aix-Marseille University, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1249, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yap CC, Digilio L, Kruczek K, Roszkowska M, Fu XQ, Liu JS, Winckler B. A dominant dendrite phenotype caused by the disease-associated G253D mutation in doublecortin (DCX) is not due to its endocytosis defect. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18890-18902. [PMID: 30291144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX) is a protein needed for cortical development, and DCX mutations cause cortical malformations in humans. The microtubule-binding activity of DCX is well-described and is important for its function, such as supporting neuronal migration and dendrite growth during development. Previous work showed that microtubule binding is not sufficient for DCX-mediated promotion of dendrite growth and that domains in DCX's C terminus are also required. The more C-terminal regions of DCX bind several other proteins, including the adhesion receptor neurofascin and clathrin adaptors. We recently identified a role for DCX in endocytosis of neurofascin. The disease-associated DCX-G253D mutant protein is known to be deficient in binding neurofascin, and we now asked if disruption of neurofascin endocytosis underlies the DCX-G253D-associated pathology. We first demonstrated that DCX functions in endocytosis as a complex with both the clathrin adaptor AP-2 and neurofascin: disrupting either clathrin adaptor binding (DCX-ALPA) or neurofascin binding (DCX-G253D) decreased neurofascin endocytosis in primary neurons. We then investigated a known function for DCX, namely, increasing dendrite growth in cultured neurons. Surprisingly, we found that the DCX-ALPA and DCX-G253D mutants yield distinct dendrite phenotypes. Unlike DCX-ALPA, DCX-G253D caused a dominant-negative dendrite growth phenotype. The endocytosis defect of DCX-G253D thus was separable from its detrimental effects on dendrite growth. We recently identified Dcx-R59H as a dominant allele and can now classify Dcx-G253D as a second Dcx allele that acts dominantly to cause pathology, but does so via a different mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Choo Yap
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Laura Digilio
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | | | - Matylda Roszkowska
- the Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Cracow, Poland, and
| | - Xiao-Qin Fu
- the Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Judy S Liu
- the Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Bettina Winckler
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908,
| |
Collapse
|