1
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Liu YS, Baxi M, Madan CR, Zhan K, Makris N, Rosene DL, Killiany RJ, Cetin-Karayumak S, Pasternak O, Kubicki M, Cao B. Brain age of rhesus macaques over the lifespan. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 139:73-81. [PMID: 38643691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Through the application of machine learning algorithms to neuroimaging data the brain age methodology was shown to provide a useful individual-level biological age prediction and identify key brain regions responsible for the prediction. In this study, we present the methodology of constructing a rhesus macaque brain age model using a machine learning algorithm and discuss the key predictive brain regions in comparison to the human brain, to shed light on cross-species primate similarities and differences. Structural information of the brain (e.g., parcellated volumes) from brain magnetic resonance imaging of 43 rhesus macaques were used to develop brain atlas-based features to build a brain age model that predicts biological age. The best-performing model used 22 selected features and achieved an R2 of 0.72. We also identified interpretable predictive brain features including Right Fronto-orbital Cortex, Right Frontal Pole, Right Inferior Lateral Parietal Cortex, and Bilateral Posterior Central Operculum. Our findings provide converging evidence of the parallel and comparable brain regions responsible for both non-human primates and human biological age prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang S Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Madhura Baxi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kevin Zhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nikolaos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Morphometric Analysis, A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald J Killiany
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Morphometric Analysis, A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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2
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Sogabe K, Hata J, Yoshimaru D, Hagiya K, Okano HJ, Okano H. Structural MRI analysis of age-related changes and sex differences in marmoset brain volume. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00053-1. [PMID: 38636670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The field of aging biology, which aims to extend healthy lifespans and prevent age-related diseases, has turned its focus to the Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) to understand the aging process better. This study utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to non-invasively analyze the brains of 216 marmosets, investigating age-related changes in brain structure; the relationship between body weight and brain volume; and potential differences between males and females. The key findings revealed that, similar to humans, Callithrix jacchus experiences a reduction in total intracranial volume, cortex, subcortex, thalamus, and cingulate volumes as they age, highlighting site-dependent changes in brain tissue. Notably, the study also uncovered sex differences in cerebellar volume. These insights into the structural connectivity and volumetric changes in the marmoset brain throughout aging contribute to accumulating valuable knowledge in the field, promising to inform future aging research and interventions for enhancing healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Sogabe
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Teikyo University Faculty of Medical Technology, Japan
| | - Junichi Hata
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshimaru
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiya
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan; Keio University Regenerative Medicine Research Center 3-25-10 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan.
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3
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Saleem KS, Avram AV, Glen D, Schram V, Basser PJ. The Subcortical Atlas of the Marmoset ("SAM") monkey based on high-resolution MRI and histology. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae120. [PMID: 38647221 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive three-dimensional digital brain atlas of cortical and subcortical regions based on MRI and histology has a broad array of applications in anatomical, functional, and clinical studies. We first generated a Subcortical Atlas of the Marmoset, called the "SAM," from 251 delineated subcortical regions (e.g. thalamic subregions, etc.) derived from high-resolution Mean Apparent Propagator-MRI, T2W, and magnetization transfer ratio images ex vivo. We then confirmed the location and borders of these segmented regions in the MRI data using matched histological sections with multiple stains obtained from the same specimen. Finally, we estimated and confirmed the atlas-based areal boundaries of subcortical regions by registering this ex vivo atlas template to in vivo T1- or T2W MRI datasets of different age groups (single vs. multisubject population-based marmoset control adults) using a novel pipeline developed within Analysis of Functional NeuroImages software. Tracing and validating these important deep brain structures in 3D will improve neurosurgical planning, anatomical tract tracer injections, navigation of deep brain stimulation probes, functional MRI and brain connectivity studies, and our understanding of brain structure-function relationships. This new ex vivo template and atlas are available as volumes in standard NIFTI and GIFTI file formats and are intended for use as a reference standard for marmoset brain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadharbatcha S Saleem
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Health (NIH), 13, South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
- Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative (MTBI2), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Alexandru V Avram
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Health (NIH), 13, South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Daniel Glen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Vincent Schram
- Microscopy and Imaging Core (MIC), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Peter J Basser
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Health (NIH), 13, South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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4
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Shimogori T, Onishi K, Hoshino T, Nakanishi M. Molecular architecture of primate specific neural circuit formation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4082064. [PMID: 38562839 PMCID: PMC10984012 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4082064/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian cortex is a highly evolved brain region, but we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying primate-specific neural circuits formation. In this study, we employed spatial transcriptomics to assess gene expression dynamics in the marmoset cortex during development, focusing on key regions and time points. Spatial transcriptomics identified genes that are sexually, spatially, and temporally differentially expressed in the developing marmoset cortex. Our detailed analysis of the visual cortex unveiled dynamic changes in gene expression across layers with distinct projections and functions. Notably, we discovered numerous axon guidance molecules with spatiotemporal expression patterns unique to the developing marmoset prefrontal cortex (PFC), which control PFC neuronal circuits. Among these molecules, PRSS12 (Protease, Serine, 12 (neurotrypsin, motopsin), when ectopically expressed in the mouse prelimbic cortex, caused similar changes in connectivity as observed in the marmoset A32 area. Furthermore, PRSS12 showed similar expression patterns in both marmoset and human PFC during development, suggesting parallels between marmoset and human brain development. The differential expression of axon guidance molecules in the developing PFC, varying by region, likely contributes to the formation of unique circuits observed in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Shimogori
- Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, Center for Brain Science (CBS), RIKEN
| | - Kohei Onishi
- Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, Center for Brain Science (CBS), RIKEN
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5
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Saleem KS, Avram AV, Glen D, Schram V, Basser PJ. The Subcortical Atlas of the Marmoset ("SAM") monkey based on high-resolution MRI and histology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.06.574429. [PMID: 38260391 PMCID: PMC10802408 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.06.574429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive three-dimensional digital brain atlas of cortical and subcortical regions based on MRI and histology has a broad array of applications for anatomical, functional, and clinical studies. We first generated a Subcortical Atlas of the Marmoset, called the "SAM," from 251 delineated subcortical regions (e.g., thalamic subregions, etc.) derived from the high-resolution MAP-MRI, T2W, and MTR images ex vivo. We then confirmed the location and borders of these segmented regions in MRI data using matched histological sections with multiple stains obtained from the same specimen. Finally, we estimated and confirmed the atlas-based areal boundaries of subcortical regions by registering this ex vivo atlas template to in vivo T1- or T2W MRI datasets of different age groups (single vs. multisubject population-based marmoset control adults) using a novel pipeline developed within AFNI. Tracing and validating these important deep brain structures in 3D improves neurosurgical planning, anatomical tract tracer injections, navigation of deep brain stimulation probes, fMRI and brain connectivity studies, and our understanding of brain structure-function relationships. This new ex vivo template and atlas are available as volumes in standard NIFTI and GIFTI file formats and are intended for use as a reference standard for marmoset brain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadharbatcha S Saleem
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative (MTBI), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Alexandru V Avram
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel Glen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
| | - Vincent Schram
- Microscopy and Imaging Core (MIC), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Peter J Basser
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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6
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Zhu J, Hammond BM, Zhou XM, Constantinidis C. Laminar pattern of adolescent development changes in working memory neuronal activity. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:980-989. [PMID: 37703490 PMCID: PMC10649837 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00294.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent development is characterized by an improvement in cognitive abilities, such as working memory. Neurophysiological recordings in a nonhuman primate model of adolescence have revealed changes in neural activity that mirror improvement in behavior, including higher firing rate during the delay intervals of working memory tasks. The laminar distribution of these changes is unknown. By some accounts, persistent activity is more pronounced in superficial layers, so we sought to determine whether changes are most pronounced there. We therefore analyzed neurophysiological recordings from the young and adult stage of male monkeys, at different cortical depths. Superficial layers exhibited an increased baseline firing rate in the adult stage. Unexpectedly, we also detected substantial increases in delay period activity in the middle layers after adolescence, which was confirmed even after excluding penetrations near sulci. Finally, improved discriminability around the saccade period was most evident in the deeper layers. These results reveal the laminar pattern of neural activity maturation that is associated with cognitive improvement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Structural brain changes are evident during adolescent development particularly in the cortical thickness of the prefrontal cortex, at a time when working memory ability increases markedly. The depth distribution of neurophysiological changes during adolescence is not known. Here, we show that neurophysiological changes are not confined to superficial layers, which have most often been implicated in the maintenance of working memory. Contrary to expectations, substantial changes were evident in intermediate layers of the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Zhu
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Benjamin M Hammond
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Xin Maizie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christos Constantinidis
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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7
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Xia J, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang L, Li G. Longitudinal mapping of the development of cortical thickness and surface area in rhesus macaques during the first three years. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303313120. [PMID: 37523547 PMCID: PMC10410744 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303313120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying dynamic spatiotemporal patterns of early brain development in macaque monkeys is critical for understanding the cortical organization and evolution in humans, given the phylogenetic closeness between humans and macaques. However, due to huge challenges in the analysis of early brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data typically with extremely low contrast and dynamic imaging appearances, our knowledge of the early macaque cortical development remains scarce. To fill this critical gap, this paper characterizes the early developmental patterns of cortical thickness and surface area in rhesus macaques by leveraging advanced computing tools tailored for early developing brains based on a densely sampled longitudinal dataset with 140 rhesus macaque MRI scans seamlessly covering from birth to 36 mo of age. The average cortical thickness exhibits an inverted U-shaped trajectory with peak thickness at around 4.3 mo of age, which is remarkably in line with the age of peak thickness at 14 mo in humans, considering the around 3:1 age ratio of human to macaque. The total cortical surface area in macaques increases monotonically but with relatively lower expansions than in humans. The spatial distributions of thicker and thinner regions are quite consistent during development, with gyri having a thicker cortex than sulci. By 4 mo of age, over 81% of cortical vertices have reached their peaks in thickness, except for the insula and medial temporal cortices, while most cortical vertices keep expanding in surface area, except for the occipital cortex. These findings provide important insights into early brain development and evolution in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
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8
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Zhu J, Hammond BM, Zhou XM, Constantinidis C. Laminar pattern of adolescent development changes in working memory neuronal activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.550982. [PMID: 37546979 PMCID: PMC10402138 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.550982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent development is characterized by an improvement in cognitive abilities, such as working memory. Neurophysiological recordings in a non-human primate model of adolescence have revealed changes in neural activity that mirror improvement in behavior, including higher firing rate during the delay intervals of working memory tasks. The laminar distribution of these changes is unknown. By some accounts, persistent activity is more pronounced in superficial layers, so we sought to determine whether changes are most pronounced there. We therefore analyzed neurophysiological recordings from neurons recorded in the young and adult stage, at different cortical depths. Superficial layers exhibited increased baseline firing rate in the adult stage. Unexpectedly, changes in persistent activity were most pronounced in the middle layers. Finally, improved discriminability of stimulus location was most evident in the deeper layers. These results reveal the laminar pattern of neural activity maturation that is associated with cognitive improvement. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY Structural brain changes are evident during adolescent development particularly in the cortical thickness of the prefrontal cortex, at a time when working memory ability increases markedly. The depth distribution of neurophysiological changes during adolescence is not known. Here we show that neurophysiological changes are not confined to superficial layers, which have most often been implicated in the maintenance of working memory. Contrary to expectations, greatest changes were evident in intermediate layers of the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Zhu
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | | | - Xin Maizie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Christos Constantinidis
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212
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9
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Piekarski DJ, Colich NL, Ho TC. The effects of puberty and sex on adolescent white matter development: A systematic review. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101214. [PMID: 36913887 PMCID: PMC10010971 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence, the transition between childhood and adulthood, is characterized by rapid brain development in white matter (WM) that is attributed in part to rising levels in adrenal and gonadal hormones. The extent to which pubertal hormones and related neuroendocrine processes explain sex differences in WM during this period is unclear. In this systematic review, we sought to examine whether there are consistent associations between hormonal changes and morphological and microstructural properties of WM across species and whether these effects are sex-specific. We identified 90 (75 human, 15 non-human) studies that met inclusion criteria for our analyses. While studies in human adolescents show notable heterogeneity, results broadly demonstrate that increases in gonadal hormones across pubertal development are associated with macro- and microstructural changes in WM tracts that are consistent with the sex differences found in non-human animals, particularly in the corpus callosum. We discuss limitations of the current state of the science and recommend important future directions for investigators in the field to consider in order to advance our understanding of the neuroscience of puberty and to promote forward and backward translation across model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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10
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Tian X, Chen Y, Majka P, Szczupak D, Perl YS, Yen CCC, Tong C, Feng F, Jiang H, Glen D, Deco G, Rosa MGP, Silva AC, Liang Z, Liu C. An integrated resource for functional and structural connectivity of the marmoset brain. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7416. [PMID: 36456558 PMCID: PMC9715556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive integration of structural and functional connectivity data is required to model brain functions accurately. While resources for studying the structural connectivity of non-human primate brains already exist, their integration with functional connectivity data has remained unavailable. Here we present a comprehensive resource that integrates the most extensive awake marmoset resting-state fMRI data available to date (39 marmoset monkeys, 710 runs, 12117 mins) with previously published cellular-level neuronal tracing data (52 marmoset monkeys, 143 injections) and multi-resolution diffusion MRI datasets. The combination of these data allowed us to (1) map the fine-detailed functional brain networks and cortical parcellations, (2) develop a deep-learning-based parcellation generator that preserves the topographical organization of functional connectivity and reflects individual variabilities, and (3) investigate the structural basis underlying functional connectivity by computational modeling. This resource will enable modeling structure-function relationships and facilitate future comparative and translational studies of primate brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Tian
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Yuyan Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Piotr Majka
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Diego Szczupak
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Yonatan Sanz Perl
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, 08018 Spain ,grid.441741.30000 0001 2325 2241Universidad de San Andrés, Vito Dumas 284 (B1644BID), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecil Chern-Chyi Yen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Chuanjun Tong
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Furui Feng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiteng Jiang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhe Jiang Sheng, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Glen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Gustavo Deco
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, 08018 Spain ,grid.425902.80000 0000 9601 989XInstitució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010 Spain ,grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103 Germany ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Marcello G. P. Rosa
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Afonso C. Silva
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.511008.dShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Cirong Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.511008.dShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai, Shanghai, China ,Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Quah SKL, McIver L, Bullmore ET, Roberts AC, Sawiak SJ. Higher-order brain regions show shifts in structural covariance in adolescent marmosets. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4128-4140. [PMID: 35029670 PMCID: PMC9476623 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made studying morphological changes in brain regions during adolescence, but less is known of network-level changes in their relationship. Here, we compare covariance networks constructed from the correlation of morphometric volumes across 135 brain regions of marmoset monkeys in early adolescence and adulthood. Substantial shifts are identified in the topology of structural covariance networks in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and temporal lobe. PFC regions become more structurally differentiated and segregated within their own local network, hypothesized to reflect increased specialization after maturation. In contrast, temporal regions show increased inter-hemispheric covariances that may underlie the establishment of distributed networks. Regionally selective coupling of structural and maturational covariance is revealed, with relatively weak coupling in transmodal association areas. The latter may be a consequence of continued maturation within adulthood, but also environmental factors, for example, family size, affecting brain morphology. Advancing our understanding of how morphological relationships within higher-order brain areas mature in adolescence deepens our knowledge of the developing brain's organizing principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun K L Quah
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Lauren McIver
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB21 5EF, UK
| | - Angela C Roberts
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Stephen J Sawiak
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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12
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Temporally divergent regulatory mechanisms govern neuronal diversification and maturation in the mouse and marmoset neocortex. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1049-1058. [PMID: 35915179 PMCID: PMC9343253 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian neocortical neurons span one of the most diverse cell type spectra of any tissue. Cortical neurons are born during embryonic development, and their maturation extends into postnatal life. The regulatory strategies underlying progressive neuronal development and maturation remain unclear. Here we present an integrated single-cell epigenomic and transcriptional analysis of individual mouse and marmoset cortical neuron classes, spanning both early postmitotic stages of identity acquisition and later stages of neuronal plasticity and circuit integration. We found that, in both species, the regulatory strategies controlling early and late stages of pan-neuronal development diverge. Early postmitotic neurons use more widely shared and evolutionarily conserved molecular regulatory programs. In contrast, programs active during later neuronal maturation are more brain- and neuron-specific and more evolutionarily divergent. Our work uncovers a temporal shift in regulatory choices during neuronal diversification and maturation in both mice and marmosets, which likely reflects unique evolutionary constraints on distinct events of neuronal development in the neocortex.
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13
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Samandra R, Haque ZZ, Rosa MGP, Mansouri FA. The marmoset as a model for investigating the neural basis of social cognition in health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104692. [PMID: 35569579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Social-cognitive processes facilitate the use of environmental cues to understand others, and to be understood by others. Animal models provide vital insights into the neural underpinning of social behaviours. To understand social cognition at even deeper behavioural, cognitive, neural, and molecular levels, we need to develop more representative study models, which allow testing of novel hypotheses using human-relevant cognitive tasks. Due to their cooperative breeding system and relatively small size, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) offer a promising translational model for such endeavours. In addition to having social behavioural patterns and group dynamics analogous to those of humans, marmosets have cortical brain areas relevant for the mechanistic analysis of human social cognition, albeit in simplified form. Thus, they are likely suitable animal models for deciphering the physiological processes, connectivity and molecular mechanisms supporting advanced cognitive functions. Here, we review findings emerging from marmoset social and behavioural studies, which have already provided significant insights into executive, motivational, social, and emotional dysfunction associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranshikha Samandra
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zakia Z Haque
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Farshad Alizadeh Mansouri
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia.
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14
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Ash H, Chang A, Ortiz RJ, Kulkarni P, Rauch B, Colman R, Ferris CF, Ziegler TE. Structural and functional variations in the prefrontal cortex are associated with learning in pre-adolescent common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Behav Brain Res 2022; 430:113920. [PMID: 35595058 PMCID: PMC9362994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence linking the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to a variety of cognitive abilities, with adolescence being a critical period in its development. In the current study, we investigated the neural basis of differences in learning in pre-adolescent common marmosets. At 8 months old, marmosets were given anatomical and resting state MRI scans (n=24). At 9 months old, association learning and inhibitory control was tested using a 'go/no go' visual discrimination (VD) task. Marmosets were grouped into 'learners' (n=12) and 'non-learners' (n=12), and associations between cognitive performance and sub-regional PFC volumes, as well as PFC connectivity patterns, were investigated. 'Learners' had significantly (p<0.05) larger volumes of areas 11, 25, 47 and 32 than 'non-learners', although 'non-learners' had significantly larger volumes of areas 24a and 8v than 'learners'. There was also a significant correlation between average % correct responses to the 'punished' stimulus and volume of area 47. Further, 'non-learners' had significantly greater global PFC connections, as well as significantly greater numbers of connections between the PFC and basal ganglia, cerebellum and hippocampus, compared to 'non-learners'. These results suggest that larger sub-regions of the orbitofrontal cortex and ventromedial PFC, as well more refined PFC connectivity patterns to other brain regions associated with learning, may be important in successful response inhibition. This study therefore offers new information on the neurodevelopment of individual differences in cognition during pre-adolescence in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Ash
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI.
| | - Arnold Chang
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston MA
| | - Richard J Ortiz
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston MA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces NM
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston MA
| | - Beth Rauch
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI
| | - Ricki Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston MA
| | - Toni E Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI
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15
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de Oliveira LR, Borges LS, Sarmet M, Kagiyama K, Silva BO, Picinato-Pirola M, Takehara S, Kumei Y, Zeredo JLL. "Anatomical, behavioral, and physiological analyses of craniofacial development by cineradiographic imaging in marmosets". J Oral Rehabil 2022; 49:701-711. [PMID: 35340028 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonhuman primates are the closest animal models to humans regarding genetics, physiology, and behavior. Marmoset monkeys in particular are one of the most versatile species for biomedical research. OBJECTIVE To assess the craniofacial growth and development of the masticatory function in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), from birth to the fourth month of life through minimally invasive cineradiographic imaging. METHODS Ten individuals were followed-up from zero to four months of age regarding craniofacial growth and masticatory function assessed by cineradiography. For the experimental procedure, we used a microfocal x-ray source apparatus and a beryllium fast-response image-intensifier. RESULTS The duration of the masticatory cycles was stable across age groups. Chewing a very soft Castella cake or the slightly harder Marshmallow did not change the masticatory cycle in the time domain. On the other hand, linear and angular measurements of the jaw-opening movement showed a tendency for bigger movements at the latter stages of craniofacial growth. Qualitative analysis showed that marmosets had a small preference for Castella over Marshmallow, that they most often bit off pieces of food to chew with their posterior teeth, that they manipulated the food with their hands, and that they chewed the food continuously. CONCLUSION We observed critical developmental events during the first three months of life in marmosets. Cineradiographic imaging in marmosets may provide valuable information on craniofacial form and function for basic and preclinical research models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Siqueira Borges
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Max Sarmet
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Brena Oliveira Silva
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Melissa Picinato-Pirola
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sachiko Takehara
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kumei
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jorge Luís Lopes Zeredo
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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16
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Zhou Q, Liu S, Jiang C, He Y, Zuo XN. Charting the human amygdala development across childhood and adolescence: Manual and automatic segmentation. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101028. [PMID: 34749182 PMCID: PMC8578043 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental pattern of the amygdala throughout childhood and adolescence has been inconsistently reported in previous neuroimaging studies. Given the relatively small size of the amygdala on full brain MRI scans, discrepancies may be partly due to methodological differences in amygdalar segmentation. To investigate the impact of volume extraction methods on amygdala volume, we compared FreeSurfer, FSL and volBrain segmentation measurements with those obtained by manual tracing. The manual tracing method, which we used as the 'gold standard', exhibited almost perfect intra- and inter-rater reliability. We observed systematic differences in amygdala volumes between automatic (FreeSurfer and volBrain) and manual methods. Specifically, compared with the manual tracing, FreeSurfer estimated larger amygdalae, and volBrain produced smaller amygdalae while FSL demonstrated a mixed pattern. The tracing bias was not uniform, but higher for smaller amygdalae. We further modeled amygdalar growth curves using accelerated longitudinal cohort data from the Chinese Color Nest Project (http://deepneuro.bnu.edu.cn/?p=163). Trajectory modeling and statistical assessments of the manually traced amygdalae revealed linearly increasing and parallel developmental patterns for both girls and boys, although the amygdalae of boys were larger than those of girls. Compared to these trajectories, the shapes of developmental curves were similar when using the volBrain derived volumes. FreeSurfer derived trajectories had more nonlinearities and appeared flatter. FSL derived trajectories demonstrated an inverted U shape and were significantly different from those derived from manual tracing method. The use of amygdala volumes adjusted for total gray-matter volumes, but not intracranial volumes, resolved the shape discrepancies and led to reproducible growth curves between manual tracing and the automatic methods (except FSL). Our findings revealed steady growth of the human amygdala, mirroring its functional development across the school age. Methodological improvements are warranted for current automatic tools to achieve more accurate amygdala structure at school age, calling for next generation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Siman Liu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ye He
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing, 100190, China; Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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17
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Scott JT, Bourne JA. Modelling behaviors relevant to brain disorders in the nonhuman primate: Are we there yet? Prog Neurobiol 2021; 208:102183. [PMID: 34728308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a profound resurgence of activity with nonhuman primates (NHPs) to model human brain disorders. From marmosets to macaques, the study of NHP species offers a unique window into the function of primate-specific neural circuits that are impossible to examine in other models. Examining how these circuits manifest into the complex behaviors of primates, such as advanced cognitive and social functions, has provided enormous insights to date into the mechanisms underlying symptoms of numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric illnesses. With the recent optimization of modern techniques to manipulate and measure neural activity in vivo, such as optogenetics and calcium imaging, NHP research is more well-equipped than ever to probe the neural mechanisms underlying pathological behavior. However, methods for behavioral experimentation and analysis in NHPs have noticeably failed to keep pace with these advances. As behavior ultimately lies at the junction between preclinical findings and its translation to clinical outcomes for brain disorders, approaches to improve the integrity, reproducibility, and translatability of behavioral experiments in NHPs requires critical evaluation. In this review, we provide a unifying account of existing brain disorder models using NHPs, and provide insights into the present and emerging contributions of behavioral studies to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Scott
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - James A Bourne
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Watanabe S, Kurotani T, Oga T, Noguchi J, Isoda R, Nakagami A, Sakai K, Nakagaki K, Sumida K, Hoshino K, Saito K, Miyawaki I, Sekiguchi M, Wada K, Minamimoto T, Ichinohe N. Functional and molecular characterization of a non-human primate model of autism spectrum disorder shows similarity with the human disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5388. [PMID: 34526497 PMCID: PMC8443557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial disorder with characteristic synaptic and gene expression changes. Early intervention during childhood is thought to benefit prognosis. Here, we examined the changes in cortical synaptogenesis, synaptic function, and gene expression from birth to the juvenile stage in a marmoset model of ASD induced by valproic acid (VPA) treatment. Early postnatally, synaptogenesis was reduced in this model, while juvenile-age VPA-treated marmosets showed increased synaptogenesis, similar to observations in human tissue. During infancy, synaptic plasticity transiently increased and was associated with altered vocalization. Synaptogenesis-related genes were downregulated early postnatally. At three months of age, the differentially expressed genes were associated with circuit remodeling, similar to the expression changes observed in humans. In summary, we provide a functional and molecular characterization of a non-human primate model of ASD, highlighting its similarity to features observed in human ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Watanabe
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tohru Kurotani
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomofumi Oga
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun Noguchi
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Risa Isoda
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Akiko Nakagami
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan ,grid.411827.90000 0001 2230 656XDepartment of Psychology, Japan Women’s University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiko Nakagaki
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kayo Sumida
- grid.459996.e0000 0004 0376 2692Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Hoshino
- grid.417741.00000 0004 1797 168XPreclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Saito
- grid.459996.e0000 0004 0376 2692Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Izuru Miyawaki
- grid.417741.00000 0004 1797 168XPreclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sekiguchi
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- grid.482503.80000 0004 5900 003XDepartment of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
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19
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Song X, García-Saldivar P, Kindred N, Wang Y, Merchant H, Meguerditchian A, Yang Y, Stein EA, Bradberry CW, Ben Hamed S, Jedema HP, Poirier C. Strengths and challenges of longitudinal non-human primate neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118009. [PMID: 33794361 PMCID: PMC8270888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal non-human primate neuroimaging has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of primate brain structure and function. Here we describe its specific strengths, compared to both cross-sectional non-human primate neuroimaging and longitudinal human neuroimaging, but also its associated challenges. We elaborate on factors guiding the use of different analytical tools, subject-specific versus age-specific templates for analyses, and issues related to statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pamela García-Saldivar
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001 Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Nathan Kindred
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Yujiang Wang
- CNNP Lab (www.cnnp-lab.com), Interdisciplinary Complex Systems Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001 Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Adrien Meguerditchian
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille/CNRS, Institut Language, Communication and the Brain 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Charles W Bradberry
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon - CNRS, France
| | - Hank P Jedema
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Colline Poirier
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
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20
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Bakola S, Burman KJ, Bednarek S, Chan JM, Jermakow N, Worthy KH, Majka P, Rosa MGP. Afferent Connections of Cytoarchitectural Area 6M and Surrounding Cortex in the Marmoset: Putative Homologues of the Supplementary and Pre-supplementary Motor Areas. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:41-62. [PMID: 34255833 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical projections to the caudomedial frontal cortex were studied using retrograde tracers in marmosets. We tested the hypothesis that cytoarchitectural area 6M includes homologues of the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas (SMA and pre-SMA) of other primates. We found that, irrespective of the injection sites' location within 6M, over half of the labeled neurons were located in motor and premotor areas. Other connections originated in prefrontal area 8b, ventral anterior and posterior cingulate areas, somatosensory areas (3a and 1-2), and areas on the rostral aspect of the dorsal posterior parietal cortex. Although the origin of afferents was similar, injections in rostral 6M received higher percentages of prefrontal afferents, and fewer somatosensory afferents, compared to caudal injections, compatible with differentiation into SMA and pre-SMA. Injections rostral to 6M (area 8b) revealed a very different set of connections, with increased emphasis on prefrontal and posterior cingulate afferents, and fewer parietal afferents. The connections of 6M were also quantitatively different from those of the primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor areas, and cingulate motor area 24d. These results show that the cortical motor control circuit is conserved in simian primates, indicating that marmosets can be valuable models for studying movement planning and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Bakola
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Monash University Node, ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kathleen J Burman
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Monash University Node, ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sylwia Bednarek
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonathan M Chan
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Monash University Node, ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Natalia Jermakow
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katrina H Worthy
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Piotr Majka
- Monash University Node, ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Monash University Node, ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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21
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Ramirez JSB, Graham AM, Thompson JR, Zhu JY, Sturgeon D, Bagley JL, Thomas E, Papadakis S, Bah M, Perrone A, Earl E, Miranda-Dominguez O, Feczko E, Fombonne EJ, Amaral DG, Nigg JT, Sullivan EL, Fair DA. Maternal Interleukin-6 Is Associated With Macaque Offspring Amygdala Development and Behavior. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1573-1585. [PMID: 31665252 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal cross-sectional studies have shown that maternal levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) may compromise brain phenotypes assessed at single time points. However, how maternal IL-6 associates with the trajectory of brain development remains unclear. We investigated whether maternal IL-6 levels during pregnancy relate to offspring amygdala volume development and anxiety-like behavior in Japanese macaques. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was administered to 39 Japanese macaque offspring (Female: 18), providing at least one or more time points at 4, 11, 21, and 36 months of age with a behavioral assessment at 11 months of age. Increased maternal third trimester plasma IL-6 levels were associated with offspring's smaller left amygdala volume at 4 months, but with more rapid amygdala growth from 4 to 36 months. Maternal IL-6 predicted offspring anxiety-like behavior at 11 months, which was mediated by reduced amygdala volumes in the model's intercept (i.e., 4 months). The results increase our understanding of the role of maternal inflammation in the development of neurobehavioral disorders by detailing the associations of a commonly examined inflammatory indicator, IL-6, on amygdala volume growth over time, and anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian S B Ramirez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Thompson
- Divisions of Neuroscience and Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton OR, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Zhu
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Darrick Sturgeon
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bagley
- Divisions of Neuroscience and Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton OR, USA
| | - Elina Thomas
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Samantha Papadakis
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Muhammed Bah
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Anders Perrone
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Eric Earl
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | | | - Eric Feczko
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA.,Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Eric J Fombonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA.,Institute for Development & Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - David G Amaral
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis CA, USA.,California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis CA, USA
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Divisions of Neuroscience and Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA.,Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene OR, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA.,Advance Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
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22
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Atapour N, Worthy KH, Rosa MGP. Neurochemical changes in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus following lesions of striate cortex in infancy and adulthood: implications for residual vision and blindsight. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2763-2775. [PMID: 33743077 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1), the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) undergoes substantial cell loss due to retrograde degeneration. However, visually responsive neurons remain in the degenerated sector of LGN, and these have been implicated in mediation of residual visual capacities that remain within the affected sectors of the visual field. Using immunohistochemistry, we compared the neurochemical characteristics of LGN neurons in V1-lesioned marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) with those of non-lesioned control animals. We found that GABAergic neurons form approximately 6.5% of the neuronal population in the normal LGN, where most of these cells express the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin. Following long-term V1 lesions in adult monkeys, we observed a marked increase (~ sevenfold) in the proportion of GABA-expressing neurons in the degenerated sector of the LGN, indicating that GABAergic cells are less affected by retrograde degeneration in comparison with magno- and parvocellular projection neurons. In addition, following early postnatal V1 lesions and survival into adulthood, we found widespread expression of GABA in putative projection neurons, even outside the degenerated sectors (lesion projection zones). Our findings show that changes in the ratio of GABAergic neurons in LGN need to be taken into account in the interpretation of the mechanisms of visual abilities that survive V1 lesions in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Atapour
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Katrina H Worthy
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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23
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Schaeffer DJ, Liu C, Silva AC, Everling S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Marmoset Monkeys. ILAR J 2021; 61:274-285. [PMID: 33631015 PMCID: PMC8918195 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) for neuroscientific research has grown markedly in the last decade. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played a significant role in establishing the extent of comparability of marmoset brain architecture with the human brain and brains of other preclinical species (eg, macaques and rodents). As a non-invasive technique, MRI allows for the flexible acquisition of the same sequences across different species in vivo, including imaging of whole-brain functional topologies not possible with more invasive techniques. Being one of the smallest New World primates, the marmoset may be an ideal nonhuman primate species to study with MRI. As primates, marmosets have an elaborated frontal cortex with features analogous to the human brain, while also having a small enough body size to fit into powerful small-bore MRI systems typically employed for rodent imaging; these systems offer superior signal strength and resolution. Further, marmosets have a rich behavioral repertoire uniquely paired with a lissencephalic cortex (like rodents). This smooth cortical surface lends itself well to MRI and also other invasive methodologies. With the advent of transgenic modification techniques, marmosets have gained significant traction as a powerful complement to canonical mammalian modelling species. Marmosets are poised to make major contributions to preclinical investigations of the pathophysiology of human brain disorders as well as more basic mechanistic explorations of the brain. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the practical aspects of implementing MRI and fMRI in marmosets (both under anesthesia and fully awake) and discuss the development of resources recently made available for marmoset imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Schaeffer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - CiRong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Afonso C Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefan Everling
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Vlasova RM, Wang Q, Willette A, Styner MA, Lubach GR, Kling PJ, Georgieff MK, Rao RB, Coe CL. Infantile Iron Deficiency Affects Brain Development in Monkeys Even After Treatment of Anemia. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:624107. [PMID: 33716694 PMCID: PMC7947927 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.624107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A high percent of oxidative energy metabolism is needed to support brain growth during infancy. Unhealthy diets and limited nutrition, as well as other environmental insults, can compromise these essential developmental processes. In particular, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been found to undermine both normal brain growth and neurobehavioral development. Even moderate ID may affect neural maturation because when iron is limited, it is prioritized first to red blood cells over the brain. A primate model was used to investigate the neural effects of a transient ID and if deficits would persist after iron treatment. The large size and postnatal growth of the monkey brain makes the findings relevant to the metabolic and iron needs of human infants, and initiating treatment upon diagnosis of anemia reflects clinical practice. Specifically, this analysis determined whether brain maturation would still be compromised at 1 year of age if an anemic infant was treated promptly once diagnosed. The hematology and iron status of 41 infant rhesus monkeys was screened at 2-month intervals. Fifteen became ID; 12 met clinical criteria for anemia and were administered iron dextran and B vitamins for 1-2 months. MRI scans were acquired at 1 year. The volumetric and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures from the ID infants were compared with monkeys who remained continuously iron sufficient (IS). A prior history of ID was associated with smaller total brain volumes, driven primarily by significantly less total gray matter (GM) and smaller GM volumes in several cortical regions. At the macrostructual level, the effect on white matter volumes (WM) was not as overt. However, DTI analyses of WM microstructure indicated two later-maturating anterior tracts were negatively affected. The findings reaffirm the importance of iron for normal brain development. Given that brain differences were still evident even after iron treatment and following recovery of iron-dependent hematological indices, the results highlight the importance of early detection and preemptive supplementation to limit the neural consequences of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza M. Vlasova
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Auriel Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Martin A. Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gabriele R. Lubach
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pamela J. Kling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael K. Georgieff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Raghavendra B. Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher L. Coe
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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25
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Childhood conduct problems are associated with reduced white matter fibre density and morphology. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:638-645. [PMID: 33239244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood conduct problems are an important public health issue as these children are at-risk of adverse outcomes. Studies using diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) have found that conduct problems in adults are characterised by abnormal white-matter microstructure within a range of white matter pathways underpinning socio-emotional processing, while evidence within children and adolescents has been less conclusive based on non-specific diffusion tensor imaging metrics. Fixel-based analysis (FBA) provides measures of fibre density and morphology that are more sensitive to developmental changes in white matter microstructure. The current study used FBA to investigate whether childhood conduct problems were related both cross-sectionally and longitudinally to microstructural alterations within the fornix, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and the uncinate fasciculus (UF). dMRI data was obtained for 130 children across two time-points in a community sample with high levels of externalising difficulties (age: time-point 1 = 9.47 - 11.86 years, time-point 2 = 10.67 -13.45 years). Conduct problems were indexed at each time-point using the Conduct Problems subscale of the parent-informant Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Conduct problems were related to lower fibre density in the fornix at both time-points, and in the ILF at time-point 2. We also observed lower fibre cross-section in the UF at time-point 1. The change in conduct problems did not predict longitudinal changes in white-matter microstructure across time-points. The current study suggests that childhood conduct problems are related to reduced fibre-specific microstructure within white matter fibre pathways implicated in socio-emotional functioning.
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26
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Santana-Coelho D, Layne-Colon D, Valdespino R, Ross CC, Tardif SD, O'Connor JC. Advancing Autism Research From Mice to Marmosets: Behavioral Development of Offspring Following Prenatal Maternal Immune Activation. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:705554. [PMID: 34421684 PMCID: PMC8377364 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.705554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism(s) by which maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation may disrupt neurodevelopment and increase the susceptibility for disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or schizophrenia is a critical step in the development of better treatments and preventive measures. A large body of literature has investigated the pathophysiology of MIA in rodents. However, a translatability gap plagues pre-clinical research of complex behavioral/developmental diseases and those diseases requiring clinical diagnosis, such as ASD. While ideal for their genetic flexibility, vast reagent toolkit, and practicality, rodent models often lack important elements of ethological validity. Hence, our study aimed to develop and characterize the prenatal MIA model in marmosets. Here, we adapted the well-characterized murine maternal immune activation model. Pregnant dams were administered 5 mg/kg poly-L-lysine stabilized polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly ICLC) subcutaneously three times during gestation (gestational day 63, 65, and 67). Dams were allowed to deliver naturally with no further experimental treatments. After parturition, offspring were screened for general health and vigor, and individual assessment of communication development and social behavior was measured during neonatal or adolescent periods. Similar to rodent models, offspring subjected to MIA exhibited a disruption in patterns of communication during early development. Assessment of social behavior in a marmoset-modified 3-chamber test at 3 and 9 months of age revealed alterations in social behavior that, in some instances, was sex-dependent. Together, our data indicate that marmosets are an excellent non-human primate model for investigating the neurodevelopmental and behavioral consequences of exposure to prenatal challenges, like MIA. Additional studies are necessary to more completely characterize the effect of prenatal inflammation on marmoset development and explore therapeutic intervention strategies that may be applicable in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Santana-Coelho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Donna Layne-Colon
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Roslyn Valdespino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Corinna C Ross
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Suzette D Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jason C O'Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Audie L. Murphy Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health System, San Antonio, TX, United States
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27
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Lv Q, Yan M, Shen X, Wu J, Yu W, Yan S, Yang F, Zeljic K, Shi Y, Zhou Z, Lv L, Hu X, Menon R, Wang Z. Normative Analysis of Individual Brain Differences Based on a Population MRI-Based Atlas of Cynomolgus Macaques. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:341-355. [PMID: 32844170 PMCID: PMC7727342 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental trajectory of the primate brain varies substantially with aging across subjects. However, this ubiquitous variability between individuals in brain structure is difficult to quantify and has thus essentially been ignored. Based on a large-scale structural magnetic resonance imaging dataset acquired from 162 cynomolgus macaques, we create a species-specific 3D template atlas of the macaque brain, and deploy normative modeling to characterize individual variations of cortical thickness (CT) and regional gray matter volume (GMV). We observed an overall decrease in total GMV and mean CT, and an increase in white matter volume from juvenile to early adult. Specifically, CT and regional GMV were greater in prefrontal and temporal cortices relative to early unimodal areas. Age-dependent trajectories of thickness and volume for each cortical region revealed an increase in the medial temporal lobe, and decreases in all other regions. A low percentage of highly individualized deviations of CT and GMV were identified (0.0021%, 0.0043%, respectively, P < 0.05, false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected). Our approach provides a natural framework to parse individual neuroanatomical differences for use as a reference standard in macaque brain research, potentially enabling inferences regarding the degree to which behavioral or symptomatic variables map onto brain structure in future disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingchao Yan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyao Yan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristina Zeljic
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuequan Shi
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zuofu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Longbao Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xintian Hu
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ravi Menon
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
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28
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Majka P, Bednarek S, Chan JM, Jermakow N, Liu C, Saworska G, Worthy KH, Silva AC, Wójcik DK, Rosa MGP. Histology-Based Average Template of the Marmoset Cortex With Probabilistic Localization of Cytoarchitectural Areas. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117625. [PMID: 33301940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid adoption of marmosets in neuroscience has created a demand for three dimensional (3D) atlases of the brain of this species to facilitate data integration in a common reference space. We report on a new open access template of the marmoset cortex (the Nencki-Monash, or NM template), representing a morphological average of 20 brains of young adult individuals, obtained by 3D reconstructions generated from Nissl-stained serial sections. The method used to generate the template takes into account morphological features of the individual brains, as well as the borders of clearly defined cytoarchitectural areas. This has resulted in a resource which allows direct estimates of the most likely coordinates of each cortical area, as well as quantification of the margins of error involved in assigning voxels to areas, and preserves quantitative information about the laminar structure of the cortex. We provide spatial transformations between the NM and other available marmoset brain templates, thus enabling integration with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tracer-based connectivity data. The NM template combines some of the main advantages of histology-based atlases (e.g. information about the cytoarchitectural structure) with features more commonly associated with MRI-based templates (isotropic nature of the dataset, and probabilistic analyses). The underlying workflow may be found useful in the future development of 3D brain atlases that incorporate information about the variability of areas in species for which it may be impractical to ensure homogeneity of the sample in terms of age, sex and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Majka
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Sylwia Bednarek
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonathan M Chan
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Natalia Jermakow
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cirong Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Saworska
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katrina H Worthy
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Afonso C Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel K Wójcik
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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29
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Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small New World primate, is receiving substantial attention in the neuroscience and biomedical science fields because its anatomical features, functional and behavioral characteristics, and reproductive features and its amenability to available genetic modification technologies make it an attractive experimental subject. In this review, I outline the progress of marmoset neuroscience research and summarize both the current status (opportunities and limitations) of and the future perspectives on the application of marmosets in neuroscience and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; .,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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30
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Increased wiring cost during development is driven by long-range cortical, but not subcortical connections. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117463. [PMID: 33075559 PMCID: PMC7812615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain undergoes a protracted, metabolically expensive maturation process from childhood to adulthood. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how network cost is distributed among different brain systems as the brain matures. To address this issue, here we examined developmental changes in wiring cost and brain network topology using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data longitudinally collected in awake rats from the juvenile age to adulthood. We found that the wiring cost increased in the vast majority of cortical connections but decreased in most subcortico-subcortical connections. Importantly, the developmental increase in wiring cost was dominantly driven by long-range cortical, but not subcortical connections, which was consistent with more pronounced increase in network integration in the cortical network. These results collectively indicate that there is a non-uniform distribution of network cost as the brain matures, and network resource is dominantly consumed for the development of the cortex, but not subcortex from the juvenile age to adulthood.
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31
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Yu HH, Rowley DP, Price NSC, Rosa MGP, Zavitz E. A twisted visual field map in the primate dorsomedial cortex predicted by topographic continuity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eaaz8673. [PMID: 33115750 PMCID: PMC7608794 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adjacent neurons in visual cortex have overlapping receptive fields within and across area boundaries, an arrangement theorized to minimize wiring cost. This constraint is traditionally thought to create retinotopic maps of opposing field signs (mirror and nonmirror visual field representations) in adjacent areas, a concept that has become central in current attempts to subdivide the extrastriate cortex. We simulated the formation of retinotopic maps using a model that balances constraints imposed by smoothness in the representation within an area and by congruence between areas. As in the primate cortex, this model usually leads to alternating mirror and nonmirror maps. However, we found that it can also produce a more complex type of map, consisting of sectors with opposing field sign within a single area. Using fully quantitative electrode array recordings, we then demonstrate that this type of inhomogeneous map exists in the controversial dorsomedial region of the primate extrastriate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hao Yu
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- IBM Research Australia, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Declan P Rowley
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas S C Price
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Zavitz
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Genc S, Malpas CB, Gulenc A, Sciberras E, Efron D, Silk TJ, Seal ML. Longitudinal patterns of white matter fibre density and morphology in children are associated with age and pubertal stage. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100853. [PMID: 32932204 PMCID: PMC7498759 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pubertal period involves dynamic white matter development. This period also corresponds with rapid gains in higher cognitive functions including attention, as well as increased risk of developing mental health difficulties. This longitudinal study comprised children aged 9-13 years (n = 130). Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data were acquired (b = 2800s/mm2, 60 directions) at two time-points. We derived measures of fibre density and morphology using the fixel-based analysis framework and performed a tract-based mixed-effects modelling analysis to understand patterns of white matter development with respect to age, sex, pubertal stage, and the change in pubertal stage. We observed significant increases in apparent fibre density across a large number of white matter pathways, including major association and commissural pathways. We observed a linear relationship between pubertal stage and fibre density and morphology in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and fibre morphology in the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Finally, we report a significant interaction between the change in pubertal stage and age in the development of fibre density, for left-lateralised association tracts. Overall, white matter development across ages 9-13 years involves the expansion of major white matter fibre pathways, with key association pathways linked with pubertal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sila Genc
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Charles B Malpas
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Clinical Outcomes Research Unit (CORe), Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alisha Gulenc
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Daryl Efron
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Timothy J Silk
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Marc L Seal
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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33
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Feng G, Jensen FE, Greely HT, Okano H, Treue S, Roberts AC, Fox JG, Caddick S, Poo MM, Newsome WT, Morrison JH. Opportunities and limitations of genetically modified nonhuman primate models for neuroscience research. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24022-24031. [PMID: 32817435 PMCID: PMC7533691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006515117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently developed new genome-editing technologies, such as the CRISPR/Cas system, have opened the door for generating genetically modified nonhuman primate (NHP) models for basic neuroscience and brain disorders research. The complex circuit formation and experience-dependent refinement of the human brain are very difficult to model in vitro, and thus require use of in vivo whole-animal models. For many neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, abnormal circuit formation and refinement might be at the center of their pathophysiology. Importantly, many of the critical circuits and regional cell populations implicated in higher human cognitive function and in many psychiatric disorders are not present in lower mammalian brains, while these analogous areas are replicated in NHP brains. Indeed, neuropsychiatric disorders represent a tremendous health and economic burden globally. The emerging field of genetically modified NHP models has the potential to transform our study of higher brain function and dramatically facilitate the development of effective treatment for human brain disorders. In this paper, we discuss the importance of developing such models, the infrastructure and training needed to maximize the impact of such models, and ethical standards required for using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Feng
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Frances E Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
| | - Henry T Greely
- Center for Law and the Biosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjukuku, 160-8592 Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 351-0106 Saitama, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Stefan Treue
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Angela C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB2 3DY Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Sarah Caddick
- The Gatsby Charitable Foundation, SW1V 1AP London, United Kingdom
| | - Mu-Ming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - William T Newsome
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Grydeland H, Vértes PE, Váša F, Romero-Garcia R, Whitaker K, Alexander-Bloch AF, Bjørnerud A, Patel AX, Sederevicius D, Tamnes CK, Westlye LT, White SR, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Bullmore ET. Waves of Maturation and Senescence in Micro-structural MRI Markers of Human Cortical Myelination over the Lifespan. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1369-1381. [PMID: 30590439 PMCID: PMC6373687 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal human brain histology work has demonstrated developmental waves of myelination. Here, using a micro-structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker linked to myelin, we studied fine-grained age differences to deduce waves of growth, stability, and decline of cortical myelination over the life-cycle. In 484 participants, aged 8–85 years, we fitted smooth growth curves to T1- to T2-weighted ratio in each of 360 regions from one of seven cytoarchitectonic classes. From the first derivatives of these generally inverted-U trajectories, we defined three milestones: the age at peak growth; the age at onset of a stable plateau; and the age at the onset of decline. Age at peak growth had a bimodal distribution comprising an early (pre-pubertal) wave of primary sensory and motor cortices and a later (post-pubertal) wave of association, insular and limbic cortices. Most regions reached stability in the 30-s but there was a second wave reaching stability in the 50-s. Age at onset of decline was also bimodal: in some right hemisphere regions, the curve declined from the 60-s, but in other left hemisphere regions, there was no significant decline from the stable plateau. These results are consistent with regionally heterogeneous waves of intracortical myelinogenesis and age-related demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Grydeland
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petra E Vértes
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - František Váša
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rafael Romero-Garcia
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirstie Whitaker
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, UK
| | | | - Atle Bjørnerud
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ameera X Patel
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Donatas Sederevicius
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon R White
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Huntingdon, UK.,Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
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35
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Genc S, Tax CMW, Raven EP, Chamberland M, Parker GD, Jones DK. Impact of b-value on estimates of apparent fibre density. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2583-2595. [PMID: 32216121 PMCID: PMC7294071 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) analysis techniques have improved our understanding of fibre‐specific variations in white matter microstructure. Increasingly, studies are adopting multi‐shell dMRI acquisitions to improve the robustness of dMRI‐based inferences. However, the impact of b‐value choice on the estimation of dMRI measures such as apparent fibre density (AFD) derived from spherical deconvolution is not known. Here, we investigate the impact of b‐value sampling scheme on estimates of AFD. First, we performed simulations to assess the correspondence between AFD and simulated intra‐axonal signal fraction across multiple b‐value sampling schemes. We then studied the impact of sampling scheme on the relationship between AFD and age in a developmental population (n = 78) aged 8–18 (mean = 12.4, SD = 2.9 years) using hierarchical clustering and whole brain fixel‐based analyses. Multi‐shell dMRI data were collected at 3.0T using ultra‐strong gradients (300 mT/m), using 6 diffusion‐weighted shells ranging from b = 0 to 6,000 s/mm2. Simulations revealed that the correspondence between estimated AFD and simulated intra‐axonal signal fraction was improved with high b‐value shells due to increased suppression of the extra‐axonal signal. These results were supported by in vivo data, as sensitivity to developmental age‐relationships was improved with increasing b‐value (b = 6,000 s/mm2, median R2 = .34; b = 4,000 s/mm2, median R2 = .29; b = 2,400 s/mm2, median R2 = .21; b = 1,200 s/mm2, median R2 = .17) in a tract‐specific fashion. Overall, estimates of AFD and age‐related microstructural development were better characterised at high diffusion‐weightings due to improved correspondence with intra‐axonal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sila Genc
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Chantal M W Tax
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Erika P Raven
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Maxime Chamberland
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Greg D Parker
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.,Experimental MRI Centre (EMRIC), School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Derek K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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36
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Open access resource for cellular-resolution analyses of corticocortical connectivity in the marmoset monkey. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1133. [PMID: 32111833 PMCID: PMC7048793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the principles of neuronal connectivity requires tools for efficient quantification and visualization of large datasets. The primate cortex is particularly challenging due to its complex mosaic of areas, which in many cases lack clear boundaries. Here, we introduce a resource that allows exploration of results of 143 retrograde tracer injections in the marmoset neocortex. Data obtained in different animals are registered to a common stereotaxic space using an algorithm guided by expert delineation of histological borders, allowing accurate assignment of connections to areas despite interindividual variability. The resource incorporates tools for analyses relative to cytoarchitectural areas, including statistical properties such as the fraction of labeled neurons and the percentage of supragranular neurons. It also provides purely spatial (parcellation-free) data, based on the stereotaxic coordinates of 2 million labeled neurons. This resource helps bridge the gap between high-density cellular connectivity studies in rodents and imaging-based analyses of human brains. Understanding principles of neuronal connectivity requires tools for quantification and visualization of large datasets. Here, the authors introduce an online resource encompassing the coordinates of two million neurons labelled by tracer injections in the marmoset cortex, and analysis tools.
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Why we need nonhuman primates to study the role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the regulation of threat- and reward-elicited responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26297-26304. [PMID: 31871181 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902288116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is consistently implicated in the cognitive and emotional symptoms of many psychiatric disorders, but the causal mechanisms of its involvement remain unknown. In part, this is because of the poor characterization of the disorders and their symptoms, and the focus of experimental studies in animals on subcortical (rather than cortical) dysregulation. Moreover, even in those experimental studies that have focused on the vmPFC, the preferred animal model for such research has been the rodent, in which there are marked differences in the organization of this region to that seen in humans, and thus the extent of functional homology is unclear. There is also a paucity of well-defined behavioral paradigms suitable for translating disorder-relevant findings across species. With these considerations in mind, we discuss the value of nonhuman primates (NHPs) in bridging the translational gap between human and rodent studies. We focus on recent investigations into the involvement in reward and threat processing of 2 major regions of the vmPFC, areas 25 and 32 in NHPs and their anatomical homologs, the infralimbic and prelimbic cortex, in rodents. We highlight potential similarities, but also differences between species, and consider them in light of the extent to which anatomical homology reflects functional homology, the expansion of the PFC in human and NHPs, and most importantly how they can guide future studies to improve the translatability of findings from preclinical animal studies into the clinic.
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38
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Alexander L, Clarke HF, Roberts AC. A Focus on the Functions of Area 25. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E129. [PMID: 31163643 PMCID: PMC6627335 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9060129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcallosal area 25 is one of the least understood regions of the anterior cingulate cortex, but activity in this area is emerging as a crucial correlate of mood and affective disorder symptomatology. The cortical and subcortical connectivity of area 25 suggests it may act as an interface between the bioregulatory and emotional states that are aberrant in disorders such as depression. However, evidence for such a role is limited because of uncertainty over the functional homologue of area 25 in rodents, which hinders cross-species translation. This emphasizes the need for causal manipulations in monkeys in which area 25, and the prefrontal and cingulate regions in which it is embedded, resemble those of humans more than rodents. In this review, we consider physiological and behavioral evidence from non-pathological and pathological studies in humans and from manipulations of area 25 in monkeys and its putative homologue, the infralimbic cortex (IL), in rodents. We highlight the similarities between area 25 function in monkeys and IL function in rodents with respect to the regulation of reward-driven responses, but also the apparent inconsistencies in the regulation of threat responses, not only between the rodent and monkey literatures, but also within the rodent literature. Overall, we provide evidence for a causal role of area 25 in both the enhanced negative affect and decreased positive affect that is characteristic of affective disorders, and the cardiovascular and endocrine perturbations that accompany these mood changes. We end with a brief consideration of how future studies should be tailored to best translate these findings into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Alexander
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
| | - Hannah F Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
| | - Angela C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
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Risser L, Sadoun A, Mescam M, Strelnikov K, Lebreton S, Boucher S, Girard P, Vayssière N, Rosa MGP, Fonta C. In vivo localization of cortical areas using a 3D computerized atlas of the marmoset brain. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1957-1969. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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