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Hou J, King TZ, Chen H, Wang Q, Xie Y, Mao H, Wang L, Cheng L. Concurrent brain structural and functional alterations in the thalamus of adult survivors of childhood brain tumors: a multimodal MRI study. Brain Res Bull 2024; 211:110937. [PMID: 38570077 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Adult survivors of childhood brain tumors often present with cognitive deficits that affect their quality of life. Studying brain structure and function in brain tumor survivors can help understand the underlying mechanisms of their cognitive deficits to improve long-term prognosis of these patients. This study analyzed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) derived from T1-weighted MRI and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine the structural and functional alterations in 35 brain tumor survivors using 35 matching healthy individuals as controls. Compared with healthy controls, brain tumor survivors had decreased gray matter volumes (GMV) in the thalamus and increased GMV in the superior frontal gyrus. Functionally, brain tumor survivors had lower ALFF values in the inferior temporal gyrus and medial prefrontal area and higher ALFF values in the thalamus. Importantly, we found concurrent but negatively correlated structural and functional alterations in the thalamus based on observed significant differences in GMV and ALFF values. These findings on concurrent brain structural and functional alterations provide new insights towards a better understanding of the cognitive deficits in brain tumor survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Hou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Nanning Research Institute, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Tricia Z King
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non-Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Nanning Research Institute, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Nanning 530000, China
| | - You Xie
- Guilin Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Shenzhen Hezheng Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China.
| | - Luqi Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non-Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guilin 541004, China; Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China.
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2
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Aggleton JP, Vann SD, O'Mara SM. Converging diencephalic and hippocampal supports for episodic memory. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108728. [PMID: 37939875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand the neural basis of episodic memory it is necessary to appreciate the significance of the fornix. This pathway creates a direct link between those temporal lobe and medial diencephalic sites responsible for anterograde amnesia. A collaboration with Andrew Mayes made it possible to recruit and scan 38 patients with colloid cysts in the third ventricle, a condition associated with variable fornix damage. Complete fornix loss was seen in three patients, who suffered chronic long-term memory problems. Volumetric analyses involving all 38 patients then revealed a highly consistent relationship between mammillary body volume and the recall of episodic memory. That relationship was not seen for working memory or tests of recognition memory. Three different methods all supported a dissociation between recollective-based recognition (impaired) and familiarity-based recognition (spared). This dissociation helped to show how the mammillary body-anterior thalamic nuclei axis, as well as the hippocampus, is vital for episodic memory yet is not required for familiarity-based recognition. These findings set the scene for a reformulation of temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia. In this revised model, these two regions converge on overlapping cortical areas, including retrosplenial cortex. The united actions of the hippocampal formation and the anterior thalamic nuclei on these cortical areas enable episodic memory encoding and consolidation, impacting on subsequent recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Seralynne D Vann
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Shane M O'Mara
- School of Psychology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin - the University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland.
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3
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Boeken OJ, Cieslik EC, Langner R, Markett S. Characterizing functional modules in the human thalamus: coactivation-based parcellation and systems-level functional decoding. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1811-1834. [PMID: 36547707 PMCID: PMC10516793 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human thalamus relays sensory signals to the cortex and facilitates brain-wide communication. The thalamus is also more directly involved in sensorimotor and various cognitive functions but a full characterization of its functional repertoire, particularly in regard to its internal anatomical structure, is still outstanding. As a putative hub in the human connectome, the thalamus might reveal its functional profile only in conjunction with interconnected brain areas. We therefore developed a novel systems-level Bayesian reverse inference decoding that complements the traditional neuroinformatics approach towards a network account of thalamic function. The systems-level decoding considers the functional repertoire (i.e., the terms associated with a brain region) of all regions showing co-activations with a predefined seed region in a brain-wide fashion. Here, we used task-constrained meta-analytic connectivity-based parcellation (MACM-CBP) to identify thalamic subregions as seed regions and applied the systems-level decoding to these subregions in conjunction with functionally connected cortical regions. Our results confirm thalamic structure-function relationships known from animal and clinical studies and revealed further associations with language, memory, and locomotion that have not been detailed in the cognitive neuroscience literature before. The systems-level decoding further uncovered large systems engaged in autobiographical memory and nociception. We propose this novel decoding approach as a useful tool to detect previously unknown structure-function relationships at the brain network level, and to build viable starting points for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole J Boeken
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Psychology, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Edna C Cieslik
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Markett
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Psychology, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Kafkas A, Brown T, Olusola N, Guo C. Pupil response patterns distinguish true from false memories. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17244. [PMID: 37821524 PMCID: PMC10567773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory is reconstructive and error-prone, which make memory illusions very common in everyday life. However, studying memory illusions can provide valuable insights into how memory works. Pupil response has emerged, in recent years, as an indicator of memory encoding and retrieval, however its validity as a measure of memory success is debated. In this study, we explored whether pupil response patterns can differentiate true from false memories and whether variations in the temporal dynamics of pupil response can elucidate the mechanisms underlying false memory creation. The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm was employed to generate false memories in two separate experiments involving visual and auditory stimuli. Pupil responses effectively differentiated true from false memories based on variations in pupil amplitude at different temporal components. This discrimination remained consistent across both experiments, with slightly stronger effects in the auditory condition, aligning with the more pronounced false memory effects in this condition. Notably, differential pupil responses between true and false memories varied based on the type of memory involved at recognition. These findings provide valuable insights into the cognitive processes underlying memory distortions, with implications for theoretical frameworks and real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kafkas
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Travorn Brown
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nifemi Olusola
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chaodong Guo
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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5
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Tang Y, Cao M, Li Y, Lin Y, Wu X, Chen M. Altered structural covariance of locus coeruleus in individuals with significant memory concern and patients with mild cognitive impairment. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8523-8533. [PMID: 37130822 PMCID: PMC10321106 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is the site where tau accumulation is preferentially observed pathologically in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, but the changes in gray matter co-alteration patterns between the LC and the whole brain in the predementia phase of AD remain unclear. In this study, we estimated and compared the gray matter volume of the LC and its structural covariance (SC) with the whole brain among 161 normal healthy controls (HCs), 99 individuals with significant memory concern (SMC) and 131 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We found that SC decreased in MCI groups, which mainly involved the salience network and default mode network. These results imply that seeding from LC, the gray matter network disruption and disconnection appears early in the MCI group. The altered SC network seeding from the LC can serve as an imaging biomarker for discriminating the patients in the potential predementia phase of AD from the normal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Tang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunhua Li
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- School of Psychology, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, No.55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Psychology, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, No.55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
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6
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Zhou Q, Du J, Gao R, Hu S, Yu T, Wang Y, Pan NC. Discriminative neural pathways for perception-cognition activity of color and face in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1972-1984. [PMID: 35580851 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human performance can be examined using a visual lens. The identification of psychophysical colors and emotional faces with perceptual visual pathways may remain invalid for simple detection tasks. In particular, how the visual dorsal and ventral processing streams handle discriminative visual perceptions and subsequent cognition activities are obscure. We explored these issues using stereoelectroencephalography recordings, which were obtained from patients with pharmacologically resistant epilepsy. Delayed match-to-sample paradigms were used for analyzing the processing of simple colors and complex emotional faces in the human brain. We showed that the angular-cuneus gyrus acts as a pioneer in discriminating the 2 features, and dorsal regions, including the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and postcentral gyrus, as well as ventral regions, such as the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), were involved in processing incongruent colors and faces. Critically, the beta and gamma band activities between the cuneus and MTG and between the cuneus and pSTS would tune a separate pathway of incongruency processing. In addition, posterior insular gyrus, fusiform, and MFG were found for attentional modulation of the 2 features via alpha band activities. These findings suggest the neural basis of the discriminative pathways of perception-cognition activities in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jialin Du
- Department of Pharmacy Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Runshi Gao
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Institute of sleep and consciousness disorders, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Na Clara Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
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7
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Gomes BA, Plaska CR, Ortega J, Ellmore TM. A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study of thalamic load-dependent working memory delay period activity. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1132061. [PMID: 36910125 PMCID: PMC9997713 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1132061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Working memory (WM) is an essential component of executive functions which depend on maintaining task-related information online for brief periods in both the presence and absence of interfering stimuli. Active maintenance occurs during the WM delay period, the time between stimulus encoding and subsequent retrieval. Previous studies have extensively documented prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex activity during the WM delay period, but the role of subcortical structures including the thalamus remains to be fully elucidated, especially in humans. Methods Using a simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach, we investigated the role of the thalamus during the WM delay period in a modified Sternberg paradigm following low and high memory load encoding of naturalistic scenes. During the delay, participants passively viewed scrambled scenes containing similar color and spatial frequency to serve as a perceptual baseline. Individual source estimation was weighted by the location of the thalamic fMRI signal relative to the WM delay period onset. Results The effects memory load on maintenance were observed bilaterally in thalamus with higher EEG source amplitudes in the low compared to high load condition occurring 160-390 ms after the onset of the delay period. Conclusion The main finding that thalamic activation was elevated during the low compared to high condition despite similar duration of perceptual input and upcoming motor requirements suggests a capacity-limited role for sensory filtering of the thalamus during consolidation of stimuli into WM, where the highest activity occurs when fewer stimuli need to be maintained in the presence of interfering perceptual stimuli during the delay. The results are discussed in the context of theories regarding the role of the thalamus in sensory gating during working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A Gomes
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chelsea Reichert Plaska
- Doctoral Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jefferson Ortega
- Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Timothy M Ellmore
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Doctoral Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Lin J, Zhang L, Guo R, Jiao S, Song X, Feng S, Wang K, Li M, Luo Y, Han Z. The influence of visual deprivation on the development of the thalamocortical network: Evidence from congenitally blind children and adults. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119722. [PMID: 36323383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus is heavily involved in relaying sensory signals to the cerebral cortex. A relevant issue is how the deprivation of congenital visual sensory information modulates the development of the thalamocortical network. The answer is unclear because previous studies on this topic did not investigate network development, structure-function combinations, and cognition-related behaviors in the same study. To overcome these limitations, we recruited 30 congenitally blind subjects (8 children, 22 adults) and 31 sighted subjects (10 children, 21 adults), and conducted multiple analyses [i.e., gray matter volume (GMV) analysis using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method, resting-state functional connectivity (FC), and brain-behavior correlation]. We found that congenital blindness elicited significant changes in the development of GMV in visual and somatosensory thalamic regions. Blindness also resulted in significant changes in the development of FC between somatosensory thalamic regions and visual cortical regions as well as advanced information processing regions. Moreover, the somatosensory thalamic regions and their FCs with visual cortical regions were reorganized to process high-level tactile language information in blind individuals. These findings provide a refined understanding of the neuroanatomical and functional plasticity of the thalamocortical network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Linjun Zhang
- School of Chinese as a Second Language, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Runhua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Saiyi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Suting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yudan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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9
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Nan F, Gao JM, Li L, Zhang YM, Zhang Y. Interaction of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in altering the shape of subcortical structures in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:952983. [PMID: 36172168 PMCID: PMC9510391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.952983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have found significant structural alterations of the cerebral cortex in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) following radiotherapy (RT) or concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), while their effects on the shape of subcortical structures remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the subcortical shape alterations between three groups: 56 untreated NPC patients (pre-RT group), 37 RT-treated NPC patients (post-RT group), and 108 CCRT-treated NPC patients (post-CCRT group). Using FSL-FIRST, we found that, compared with the pre-RT group, the post-CCRT group exhibited significant inward atrophy in the bilateral thalamus, bilateral putamen, left pallidum, and left caudate and outward inflation in the left caudate, while the post-RT group only exhibited inward atrophy in the bilateral thalamus. In addition, greater maximum dosage of RT for temporal lobes was associated with more severe inward atrophy of the bilateral thalamus in treated NPC patients. These results indicated that there may be an interaction between RT and CT that can cause subcortical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibiao Nan
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-ming Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - You-ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: You-ming Zhang, ; Yuanchao Zhang,
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: You-ming Zhang, ; Yuanchao Zhang,
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10
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Aggleton JP, Nelson AJD, O'Mara SM. Time to retire the serial Papez circuit: Implications for space, memory, and attention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104813. [PMID: 35940310 PMCID: PMC10804970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
After more than 80 years, Papez serial circuit remains a hugely influential concept, initially for emotion, but in more recent decades, for memory. Here, we show how this circuit is anatomically and mechanistically naïve as well as outdated. We argue that a new conceptualisation is necessitated by recent anatomical and functional findings that emphasize the more equal, working partnerships between the anterior thalamic nuclei and the hippocampal formation, along with their neocortical interactions in supporting, episodic memory. Furthermore, despite the importance of the anterior thalamic for mnemonic processing, there is growing evidence that these nuclei support multiple aspects of cognition, only some of which are directly associated with hippocampal function. By viewing the anterior thalamic nuclei as a multifunctional hub, a clearer picture emerges of extra-hippocampal regions supporting memory. The reformulation presented here underlines the need to retire Papez serially processing circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.
| | - Andrew J D Nelson
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | - Shane M O'Mara
- School of Psychology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
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11
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Long Q, Lv Z, Zhao J, Shi K, Li C, Fan B, Zheng J. Cerebral gray matter volume changes in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A voxel-based morphometry study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:892242. [PMID: 35959389 PMCID: PMC9358280 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.892242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease with typical clinical features. Whether and how cerebral gray matter structural damage inherent to the disorder affects cognitive function in patients is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the changes in cerebral gray matter volume and whether these alterations contribute to cognitive impairment and mood disorders. Methods Forty patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and forty healthy controls (HCs) matched for gender, age, and education were recruited. All participants underwent attention network tests (ANT), neuropsychological tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxel-based morphological analysis (VBM) and correlation analysis was performed on all participants. Finally, according to the course of disease, patients were divided into two groups: NMDARE_SD (short duration; course ≤ 2 years since diagnosis) and NMDARE_LD (long duration; course >2 years since diagnosis), to evaluate gray matter volume changes that differ as a function of disease course. Results Compared to HCs, patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis showed decreased executive control ability and lower MoCA score, while increased anxiety and depression as reflected by HAMA and HAMD24 scores (all P < 0.05). In VBM analysis, patients showed decreased gray matter volume in bilateral thalamus, left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC_L), left superior temporal gyrus (STG_L), and left rectus gyrus. In the analysis stratified by disease course, the NMDARE_LD group exhibited decreased gray matter volume in the left precuneus and right posterior cerebellar lobe compared to the NMDARE_SD group. Conclusions Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis have cognitive, executive, and emotional dysfunction, and the sites of gray matter atrophy are concentrated in the thalamus, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe. These abnormalities may be involved in the process of cognitive and affective dysfunction.Patients with different courses of anti-NMDAR encephalitis have different brain atrophy sites. These results may help to clarify the contradiction between clinical and imaging manifestations of anti NMDAR encephalitis, which is worthy of further longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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12
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The anterior thalamic nuclei: core components of a tripartite episodic memory system. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:505-516. [PMID: 35478245 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Standard models of episodic memory focus on hippocampal-parahippocampal interactions, with the neocortex supplying sensory information and providing a final repository of mnemonic representations. However, recent advances have shown that other regions make distinct and equally critical contributions to memory. In particular, there is growing evidence that the anterior thalamic nuclei have a number of key cognitive functions that support episodic memory. In this article, we describe these findings and argue for a core, tripartite memory system, comprising a 'temporal lobe' stream (centred on the hippocampus) and a 'medial diencephalic' stream (centred on the anterior thalamic nuclei) that together act on shared cortical areas. We demonstrate how these distributed brain regions form complementary and necessary partnerships in episodic memory formation.
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13
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Abstract
Since the first description of the case of H.M. in the mid-1950s, the debate over the contribution of the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) to human memory functioning has not ceased to stimulate new experimental work and the development of new theoretical models. The early demonstration that despite their devastating memory loss patients with hippocampal damage are still able to learn a number of visuo-motor and visuo-perceptual skills at a normal rate and to be normally primed by verbal and visual material suggested that the term "memory" is actually an umbrella concept that includes very different brain plasticity phenomena and that MTL damage actually impairs only one of these. Subsequent research, which capitalized on a detailed anatomical description of MTL structures and on the close analysis of memory-related phenomena, tried to define the unique role of the MTL structures in brain plasticity and in the government of human behavior. A first hypothesis identified this role in the conscious forms of memory as opposed to implicit ones. In the last two decades, the emphasis has moved to the relational role of the hippocampus in binding together different pieces of unimodal information to provide unitary, multimodal representations of personal experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Carlesimo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Clinical and Behavioral Neurology Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Argyropoulos GPD, Dell’Acqua C, Butler E, Loane C, Roca-Fernandez A, Almozel A, Drummond N, Lage-Martinez C, Cooper E, Henson RN, Butler CR. Functional Specialization of the Medial Temporal Lobes in Human Recognition Memory: Dissociating Effects of Hippocampal versus Parahippocampal Damage. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1637-1652. [PMID: 34535797 PMCID: PMC9016283 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A central debate in the systems neuroscience of memory concerns whether different medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures support different processes in recognition memory. Using two recognition memory paradigms, we tested a rare patient (MH) with a perirhinal lesion that appeared to spare the hippocampus. Consistent with a similar previous case, MH showed impaired familiarity and preserved recollection. When compared with patients with hippocampal lesions appearing to spare perirhinal cortex, MH showed greater impairment on familiarity and less on recollection. Nevertheless, the hippocampal patients also showed impaired familiarity compared with healthy controls. However, when replacing this traditional categorization of patients with analyses relating memory performance to continuous measures of damage across patients, hippocampal volume uniquely predicted recollection, whereas parahippocampal, rather than perirhinal, volume uniquely predicted familiarity. We consider whether the familiarity impairment in MH and our patients with hippocampal lesions arises from "subthreshold" damage to parahippocampal cortex (PHC). Our data provide the most compelling neuropsychological support yet for dual-process models of recognition memory, whereby recollection and familiarity depend on different MTL structures, and may support a role for PHC in familiarity. Our study highlights the value of supplementing single-case studies with examinations of continuous brain-behavior relationships across larger patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios P D Argyropoulos
- Address correspondence to Georgios P. D. Argyropoulos, Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Carola Dell’Acqua
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK,Department of General Psychology and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Emily Butler
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Clare Loane
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK,Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Adriana Roca-Fernandez
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Azhaar Almozel
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Nikolas Drummond
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Carmen Lage-Martinez
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK,Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Elisa Cooper
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Richard N Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Christopher R Butler
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK,Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK,Departamento de Neurología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernando O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Kafkas A. Encoding-linked pupil response is modulated by expected and unexpected novelty: Implications for memory formation and neurotransmission. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 180:107412. [PMID: 33609740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whether a novel stimulus is expected or unexpected may have implications for the kind of ensuing encoding and the type of subsequent memory. Pupil response was used in the present study to explore the way expected and unexpected stimuli are encoded and whether encoding-linked pupil response is modulated by expectation. Participants first established a contingency relationship between a series of symbols and the type of stimulus (man-made or natural) that followed each one. At encoding, some of the target stimuli violated the previously established relationship (i.e., unexpected), while the majority conformed to this relationship (i.e., expected). Expectation at encoding had opposite effects on familiarity and recollection, the two types of memory that support recognition, and modulated differently the way pupil response predicted subsequent memory. Encoding of unexpected novel stimuli was associated with increased pupil dilation as a predictor of subsequent memory type and strength. In contrast, encoding of expected novel stimuli was associated with decreased pupil response (constriction), which was predictive of subsequent memory type and strength. The findings support the close link between pupil response and memory formation, but critically indicate that this is modulated by the type of novelty as defined by expectation. These novel findings have important implications for the encoding mechanisms involved when different types of novelty are detected and is proposed to indicate the operation of different neurotransmitters during memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kafkas
- University of Manchester, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Manchester, UK.
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16
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Thalamic Functional Connectivity during Spatial Long-Term Memory and the Role of Sex. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120898. [PMID: 33255156 PMCID: PMC7761215 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus has been implicated in many cognitive processes, including long-term memory. More specifically, the anterior (AT) and mediodorsal (MD) thalamic nuclei have been associated with long-term memory. Despite extensive mapping of the anatomical connections between these nuclei and other brain regions, little is known regarding their functional connectivity during long-term memory. The current study sought to determine which brain regions are functionally connected to AT and MD during spatial long-term memory and whether sex differences exist in the patterns of connectivity. During encoding, abstract shapes were presented to the left and right of fixation. During retrieval, shapes were presented at fixation, and participants made an “old-left” or “old-right” judgment. Activations functionally connected to AT and MD existed in regions with known anatomical connections to each nucleus as well as in a broader network of long-term memory regions. Sex differences were identified in a subset of these regions. A targeted region-of-interest analysis identified anti-correlated activity between MD and the hippocampus that was specific to females, which is consistent with findings in rodents. The current results suggest that AT and MD play key roles during spatial long-term memory and suggest that these functions may be sex specific.
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