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Lee EJ, Saraiva LR, Hanchate NK, Ye X, Asher G, Ho J, Buck LB. Odor blocking of stress hormone responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8773. [PMID: 35610316 PMCID: PMC9130126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Scents have been employed for millennia to allay stress, but whether or how they might do so is largely unknown. Fear and stress induce increases in blood stress hormones controlled by hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone neurons (CRHNs). Here, we report that two common odorants block mouse stress hormone responses to three potent stressors: physical restraint, predator odor, and male-male social confrontation. One odorant inhibits restraint and predator odor activation of excitatory neurons upstream of CRHNs in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTa). In addition, both activate inhibitory neurons upstream of CRHNs in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMH) and silencing of VMH inhibitory neurons hinders odor blocking of stress. Together, these findings indicate that odor blocking can occur via two mechanisms: (1) Inhibition of excitatory neurons that transmit stress signals to CRHNs and (2) activation of inhibitory neurons that act directly or indirectly to inhibit stressor activation of CRHNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Lee
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, A3-020, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Luis R Saraiva
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, A3-020, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Sidra Medicine, Research Branch, Out Patient Clinic, Doha, Qatar
| | - Naresh K Hanchate
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, A3-020, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaolan Ye
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, A3-020, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Gregory Asher
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, A3-020, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jonathan Ho
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, A3-020, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S530 Alan Magee Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Linda B Buck
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, A3-020, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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Nielsen GD, Wolkoff P. Evaluation of airborne sensory irritants for setting exposure limits or guidelines: A systematic approach. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 90:308-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bouchard B, Lisney TJ, Campagna S, Célérier A. Do bottlenose dolphins display behavioural response to fish taste? Appl Anim Behav Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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