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Ju Y, He Y, Kan G, Yu K, Jiang J, Wang X, Zhang H. Reaction acceleration in microdroplet mass spectrometry: Inlet capillary and solvent composition effects. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37 Suppl 1:e9498. [PMID: 36852554 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Microdroplet chemistry has attracted tremendous interest in recent years. We have previously reported that microdroplet mass spectrometry (MS) achieves reaction acceleration. Here we systematically investigated the effect of capillary heating of MS inlet and solvent polarity of microdroplets on the conversion ratios of dehydration and phosphorylation reactions. METHODS The micron-sized droplets generated by high-speed gas encapsulated the compounds. The conversion ratios of dehydration and phosphorylation reactions were investigated at different capillary temperatures of MS inlet between 30°C and 300°C. Subsequently, the effects of solvent polarity of different microdroplets (acetonitrile, acetonitrile/water [v/v: 9:1], and water) on microdroplet reactions were investigated. RESULTS The microdroplets could be used as reaction vessels for rapid dehydration and phosphorylation reactions. Microdroplet MS is characterized by the completion of the reaction in microseconds. The increase in capillary temperature increased the conversion ratio of dehydration reactions but had little effect on phosphorylation reactions. The stability of compounds supports this phenomenon. In addition, the increase in solvent polarity in microdroplets promoted the dehydration reaction but inhibited the nucleophilic substitution reaction (phosphorylation reaction). CONCLUSIONS Microdroplet MS achieved an acceleration of the reaction, which was attributed to capillary temperature, microdroplet solvents, and the stability of reaction products. This finding suggested that the inlet capillary and solvent system should be considered in the study and interpretation of microdroplet MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuwei He
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Guangfeng Kan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Zhang S, Fan X, Jiang S, Guan R, Shao X, Wang S, Yue Q. Fluorometric detection of trace moisture in methanol, ethanol and n-propanol using N, P-codoped carbon dots. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Qiu L, Psimos MD, Cooks RG. Spontaneous Oxidation of Aromatic Sulfones to Sulfonic Acids in Microdroplets. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1362-1367. [PMID: 35312307 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactions in microdroplets can be accelerated and can present unique chemistry compared to reactions in bulk solution. Here, we report the accelerated oxidation of aromatic sulfones to sulfonic acids in microdroplets under ambient conditions without the addition of acid, base, or catalyst. The experimental data suggest that the water radical cation, (H2O)+•, derived from traces of water in the solvent, is the oxidant. The substrate scope of the reaction indicates the need for a strong electron-donating group (e.g., p-hydroxyl) in the aromatic ring. An analogous oxidation is observed in an aromatic ketone with benzoic acid production. The shared mechanism is suggested to involve field-assisted ionization of water at the droplet/air interface, its reaction with the sulfone (M) to form the radical cation adduct, (M + H2O)+•, followed by 1,2-aryl migration and C-O cleavage. A remarkably high reaction rate acceleration (∼103) and regioselectivity (∼100-fold) characterize the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael D Psimos
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Morphology, Electrical and Optical Properties of Cu Nanostructures Embedded in AZO: A Comparison between Dry and Wet Methods. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020247. [PMID: 35208371 PMCID: PMC8879525 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, Cu nanostructures are obtained by solid-state dewetting of 9 nm copper layer (dry) or by ablating copper target, using a nanosecond pulsed laser at 1064 nm, in acetone and isopropyl alcohol (wet). The Cu nanostructures are embedded in aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer. Then, the electrical, optical, and morphological properties of the two kinds of systems, as a function of their synthesis parameters, are investigated. The aim is to compare the two fabrication methods and select the main conditions to achieve the best system for photovoltaic applications. The main differences, exhibited by the wet and dry processes, were in the shape and size of the Cu nanostructures. Dewetting in nitrogen produces faceted nanoparticles, with an average size below 150 nm, while laser ablation originates spherical and smaller nanoparticles, below 50 nm. Dry system underwent to thermal annealing, which improves the electrical properties, compared to the wet system, with a sheet resistance of 103 vs. 106 Ω/sq, respectively; finally, the dry system shows a maximum transmittance of 89.7% at 697 nm, compared to the wet system in acetone, 88.4% at 647 nm, as well as in isopropyl alcohol, 86.9% at 686 nm. Moreover, wet systems show higher transmittance in NUV.
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Roy S, Das S, Ray A, Parui PP. An inquisitive fluorescence method for the real-time detection of trace moisture in polar aprotic solvents with the application of water rancidity in foodstuffs. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple fluorometric approach to quantify atmospheric moisture incorporation in polar aprotic solvents with application for moisture sensitive oil-based foods is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Maulana Azad College
- Kolkata 700013
- India
| | - Ambarish Ray
- Department of Chemistry
- Barasat Govt. College
- Kolkata 700124
- India
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Lehner E, Liebau A, Syrowatka F, Knolle W, Plontke SK, Mäder K. Novel biodegradable Round Window Disks for inner ear delivery of dexamethasone. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120180. [PMID: 33338566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the inner ear is an important and very challenging field. The cochlea is protected by several barriers that need to be overcome in the drug delivery process. Local drug delivery can avoid undesirable side effects arising from systemic drug delivery. We developed a biodegradable dexamethasone-loaded Round Window (RW) Disk based on poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) for local drug therapy to the inner ear by RW membrane administration by a film-casting method. The optimal drying time was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, the mass and polymer degradation over time of drug release was measured in vitro showing a total mass loss of 70% after 3 weeks. Dexamethasone release was determined by a RW model setup using a polyethylene terephthalate membrane. We achieved a controlled release over 52 days. Ex vivo implantation of a RW Disk onto a guinea pig RW membrane indicated well-fitting properties of the drug delivery device leading to a close surface contact with the membrane and the successful proof of concept. The developed RW Disks could be new and promising drug delivery device to achieve effective local drug delivery to the inner ear for an extended time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lehner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Liebau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - F Syrowatka
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - W Knolle
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
| | - S K Plontke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - K Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Roy S, Das S, Majumder R, Ray A, Parui PP. An aluminium fluorosensor for the early detection of micro-level alcoholate corrosion. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23245-23249. [PMID: 35520296 PMCID: PMC9054709 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00619j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of the dry alcoholate corrosion of aluminium is vital to design a corrosion resistive aluminium alloy for the storage and transportation of biofuel (methanol or ethanol). By synthesizing an Al3+ fluorescent probe operable in an alcoholic medium, we quantified the alcoholate corrosion in terms of the fluorometrically estimated soluble alkoxide (Al(OR)3) generation under nitrogen atmosphere. With time, a linear increase in corrosion with specific aluminium dissolution rate constants ∼2.0 and 0.9 μg per day per cm2 were estimated for aluminium and Al-7075 alloy, respectively. During open atmosphere monitoring, the adsorbed moisture converted small extent of Al(OR)3 to the insoluble Al(OH)3 at the alloy surface which retarded the alcoholate corrosion appreciably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 India +91-33-24146223 +91-9433490492
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 India +91-33-24146223 +91-9433490492
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad College Kolakta 700013 India +91-33-22268111 +91-9836650180
| | - Rini Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 India +91-33-24146223 +91-9433490492
| | - Ambarish Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad College Kolakta 700013 India +91-33-22268111 +91-9836650180
| | - Partha Pratim Parui
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 India +91-33-24146223 +91-9433490492
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Borusiewicz R. Chromatographic analysis of the traces of 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile with passive adsorption from the headspace on Tenax TA and Carbotrap 300. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 303:109933. [PMID: 31472304 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the presented research was to check if CS agent (Chlorobenzylidenomalononitrile CAS 2698-41-1) can be separated from the forensic samples using passive adsorption from the headspace on the adsorption tubes and, if so, what are the optimal conditions of this process. Two different adsorbents were checked (adsorption tubes filled with Tenax TA and adsorption tubes filled with Carbotrap 300). Three different packages (gastight bags by Ampac, Nylon bags by BVDA and twist-off jars) were tried and the temperature range checked was 30°C-105°C. This research demonstrated CS is not volatile enough to enter the headspace in a gaseous form, therefore it cannot be adsorbed regardless of adsorbent, package, and temperature, in the investigated temperature range. In all the samples a product of CS hydrolysis this is 2-chlorobenzaldehyde (CAS 89-98-5) was detected. The presence of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde maybe therefore used as an indirect proof that the investigated sample was in contact with CS compound. 2-chlorobenzaldehyde is much more effectively adsorbed on Tenax TA than on Carbotrap 300. The other conclusion from this part of the research is that twist-of glass jars and nylon bags are not entirely gas-tight and should not be used as a package on the adsorption stage. Methanol is usually used for the extraction of irritating compounds from the samples, therefore the stability of CS agent in methanolic solutions was investigated. The research demonstrated that CS is unstable in methanol and hydrolyze to 2-chlorobenzaldehyde. This is most probably because, in the HPLC grade methanol which was used, a small amount of water is present. The hydrolysis is slower if the solution is stored in an amber glass vial and much faster when stored in transparent vials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Borusiewicz
- Institute of Forensic Research, Westerplatte 9, 31-033, Krakow, Poland.
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Mugheirbi NA, Marsac PJ, Taylor LS. Insights into Water-Induced Phase Separation in Itraconazole–Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose Spin Coated and Spray Dried Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4387-4402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naila A. Mugheirbi
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Patrick J. Marsac
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Ghisolfi A, Fliedel C, de Frémont P, Braunstein P. Mono- and polynuclear Ag(i) complexes of N-functionalized bis(diphenylphosphino)amine DPPA-type ligands: synthesis, solid-state structures and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5571-5586. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DPPA-type ligands (Ph2P)2N(p-Z)C6H4 (Z = H, SMe, OMe) led to Ag(i) complexes of various nuclearities and an unexpected influence of the para-substituent Z is observed, including for CH2Cl2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ghisolfi
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
| | - Christophe Fliedel
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC)
- CNRS – UPR 8241
- F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
| | - Pierre de Frémont
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Equipe de Synthèse
- Réactivité et Catalyse Organométallique
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
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