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Evaluation of Retention Range of Extractables Under Linear Gradient Conditions for Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Considerations and Requirements in Extractables Analytical Methods for Chemical Characterization of Medical Devices. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Analytical challenges and recent advances in the identification and quantitation of extractables and leachables in pharmaceutical and medical products. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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4
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Screening of additives and other chemicals in polyurethanes by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6149-6162. [PMID: 28801783 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was used to characterize commercial polyurethane (PUR) samples without sample pretreatment. More than 50 substances, such as catalysts, stabilizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, plasticizers, chain extenders, chain terminators, polyols, solvents, degradation products and contaminants, a few of them presumably toxic, were detected and identified in 18 PUR items. The identification of 16 compounds was further confirmed by DART MS/MS experiments. Catalysts were the largest class of compounds detected in the PURs by DART-MS. In each of the 18 PUR samples, at least one catalyst residue was identified. In addition, DART-MS was able to detect the migration of hazardous chemicals from the PURs to other objects. The collision-induced dissociation (CID) properties of two PUR catalysts, such as the protonated bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] ether (DMAEE) and the protonated 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), as well as those of two PUR antioxidants (Antioxidant 1135 and Antioxidant 1076), were explored.
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Dorival-García N, Bones J. Monitoring leachables from single-use bioreactor bags for mammalian cell culture by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1512:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Lagacé L, Charron C, Sadiki M. Analysis of plastic residues in maple sap and syrup collected from tubing systems sanitized with isopropyl alcohol. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00306. [PMID: 28560359 PMCID: PMC5443961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A plastic tubing system operated under vacuum is usually used to collect sap from maple trees during spring time to produce maple syrup. This system is commonly sanitized with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to remove microbial contamination colonizing the system during the sugar season. Questions have been raised whether IPA would contribute to the leaching of plastic residues in maple sap and syrup coming from sanitized systems. First, an extraction experiment was performed in the lab on commercial plastic tubing materials that were submitted to IPA under harsh conditions. The results of the GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of many compounds that served has target for further tests. Secondly, tests were done on early and mid-season maple sap and syrup coming from many sugarbushes using IPA or not to determine potential concentrations of plastic residues. Results obtained from sap and syrup samples showed that no quantifiable (< 1–75 μg/L) concentration of any plastic molecules tested was determined in all samples coming from IPA treated or not treated systems. However, some samples of first sap run used as a rinse solution to be discarded before the season start and that were coming from non sanitized or IPA sanitized systems, showed quantifiable concentrations of chemical residue such as ultraviolet protector (octabenzone). These results show that IPA can be safely used to sanitize maple sap collection system in regards to the leaching of plastic residues in maple sap and syrup and reinforced the need to thoroughly rinse the tubing system at the beginning of the season for both sanitized and non sanitized systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Lagacé
- Centre de recherche, de développement et de transfert technologique acéricole inc. 142 rang Lainesse, St-Norbert d'Arthabaska, Québec, Canada. G0P 1B0
| | - Carmen Charron
- Centre de recherche, de développement et de transfert technologique acéricole inc. 142 rang Lainesse, St-Norbert d'Arthabaska, Québec, Canada. G0P 1B0
| | - Mustapha Sadiki
- Centre de recherche, de développement et de transfert technologique acéricole inc. 142 rang Lainesse, St-Norbert d'Arthabaska, Québec, Canada. G0P 1B0
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Yang F, Li X, Meng D, Yang Y. Determination of Ultraviolet Absorbers and Light Stabilizers in Food Packaging Bags by Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Klampfl CW, Himmelsbach M. Advances in the determination of hindered amine light stabilizers - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:10-22. [PMID: 27496993 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Within this paper we discuss analytical strategies for the characterization and quantitation of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) an important sub-group of polymer additives. For the determination of monomeric HALS a range of mature and reliable techniques exists, allowing their determination in polymer extracts. If qualitative or semi-quantitative information suffices, certain techniques are capable of sampling directly from the polymer surface with limited or no sample preparation. Different strategies for the determination of complex oligomeric HALS in extracts from polymer samples are discussed. Here, approaches providing only a sum parameter including all HALS oligomers have been distinguished from more sophisticated technologies allowing the determination of single oligomers, their degradation and by-products. Particularly, the latter issue is facing increased interest as it provides important information for polymers aging studies. A tabulated overview provides comprehensive information on different analytical techniques suitable for HALS determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Klampfl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Himmelsbach
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
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Ballesteros-Gómez A, Jonkers T, Covaci A, de Boer J. Screening of additives in plastics with high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry and different ionization sources: direct probe injection (DIP)-APCI, LC-APCI, and LC-ion booster ESI. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2945-53. [PMID: 26758596 PMCID: PMC4819935 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plastics are complex mixtures consisting of a polymer and additives with different physico-chemical properties. We developed a broad screening method to elucidate the nature of compounds present in plastics used in electrical/electronic equipment commonly found at homes (e.g., electrical adaptors, computer casings, heaters). The analysis was done by (a) solvent extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high accuracy/resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) with different ionization sources or (b) direct analysis of the solid by ambient mass spectrometry high accuracy/resolution TOFMS. The different ionization methods showed different selectivity and sensitivity for the different compound classes and were complementary. A variety of antioxidants, phthalates, UV filters, and flame retardants were found in most samples. Furthermore, some recently reported impurities or degradation products derived from flame retardants were identified, such as hydroxylated triphenyl phosphate and tetrabromobisphenol A monoglycidyl ether. Wide screening of plastic additives by direct probe injection (DIP)-APCI, LC-APCI and LC-ion booster ESI ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim Jonkers
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pouech C, Kiss A, Lafay F, Léonard D, Wiest L, Cren-Olivé C, Vulliet E. Human exposure assessment to a large set of polymer additives through the analysis of urine by solid phase extraction followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1423:111-23. [PMID: 26554294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymer items are extensively present in the human environment. Humans may be consequently exposed to some compounds, such as additives, incorporated in these items. The objective of this work is to assess the human exposure to the main additives such as those authorized in the packaging for pharmaceutical products. The urinary matrix was selected to optimally answer this challenge because it has already been proven that the exposure to chemicals can be revealed by the analysis of this biological matrix. A multi-residue analytical method for the trace analysis at ng/mL in human urine was developed, and consisted of an extraction of analytes from urine by solid phase extraction (SPE) and an analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS). Even if the quantification of these compounds was an analytical challenge because of (i) the presence of these substances in the analytical process, (ii) the diversity of their physicochemical properties, and (iii) the complexity of the matrix, the optimized method exhibited quantification limits lower than 25ng/mL and recoveries between 51% and 120% for all compounds. The method was validated and applied to 52 human urines. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first study allowing the assessment of the occurrence of more than twenty polymer additives at ng/mL in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Pouech
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Agneta Kiss
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florent Lafay
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Didier Léonard
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laure Wiest
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cécile Cren-Olivé
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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Li B, Wang ZW, Lin QB, Hu CY, Su QZ, Wu YM. Determination of Polymer Additives-Antioxidants, Ultraviolet Stabilizers, Plasticizers and Photoinitiators in Plastic Food Package by Accelerated Solvent Extraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:1026-35. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Monitoring the extraction of additives and additive degradation products from polymer packaging into solutions by multi-residue method including solid phase extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1493-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Reisinger M, Beissmann S, Buchberger W. Quantitation of hindered amine light stabilizers in plastic materials by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric detection using electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 803:181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Hua Y, Jenke D. Increasing the sensitivity of an LC-MS method for screening material extracts for organic extractables via mobile phase optimization. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:213-27. [PMID: 22337798 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmr049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Organic extractables (substances extracted from materials used in pharmaceutical packaging) are discovered, identified, and quantified via screening of extracts with analytical methods including liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS). Because extractables include a large number of diverse compounds that are typically present in plastic extracts at low levels, the LC-MS methods must be broad scope and sensitive. To accomplish these objectives, screening studies typically couple gradient reversed-phase separations with electrospray MS detection (both positive and negative ion modes). While such methods are generally applicable for a number of extractables, they are not optimal for some commonly encountered extractables due to either poor chromatographic performance (e.g., peak tailing) or poor MS response. Modifications to mobile phase composition (e.g., pH adjustment) were examined to improve the performance of an LC-MS screening method. The use of 0.1% acetic acid with 1 mM ammonium acetate (pH 3.6) as the aqueous portion of the mobile phase provided favorable sensitivities for a number of extractables both in positive and negative ion modes. In positive ion mode, the acidic mobile phase improved responses for moderately weak basic compounds by increasing their degree of protonation. For very weak basic compounds such as amides, ammonium ions in the mobile phase promoted proton adduct responses. In negative ion mode, an acidic mobile phase containing acetate anion improved ESI responses for acidic compounds, primarily due to gas phase effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousheng Hua
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Technology Resources Division, Round Lake, IL 60073, USA.
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Park I, Yoon KH, Namgoong H. Determination of Tinuvin 292 in Acrylic Resins by Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization–Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Insook Park
- Analysis and Evaluation Research Institute, Kolon Central Research Park
| | | | - Hyun Namgoong
- Analysis and Evaluation Research Institute, Kolon Central Research Park
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16
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Analysis of Polymer Additives and Impurities by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Capillary Electrophoresis/Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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