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Gassiep I, Chatfield MD, Permana B, Burnard D, Bauer MJ, Cuddihy T, Forde BM, Mayer-Coverdale J, Norton RE, Harris PNA. The Genomic Epidemiology of Clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates in North Queensland, Australia. Pathogens 2024; 13:584. [PMID: 39057811 PMCID: PMC11279585 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background:Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is highly genetically recombinant, resulting in significant genomic diversity. Multiple virulence factors have been associated with specific disease presentations. To date, there are limited data relating to genomic diversity and virulence factors associated with melioidosis cases in North Queensland, Australia. Aim: To describe the genetic diversity of B. pseudomallei and identify virulence factors associated with clinical risk factors and patient outcomes. Methods: Whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates was performed and analysed with clinical data obtained from a retrospective melioidosis cohort study. Results: Fifty-nine distinct sequence types (STs) were identified from the 128 clinical isolates. Six STs comprised 64/128 (50%) isolates. Novel STs accounted for 38/59 (64%) STs, with ST TSV-13 as the most prevalent (n = 7), and were less likely to possess an LPS A genotype or YLF gene cluster (p < 0.001). These isolates were most likely to be found outside the inner city (aOR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.7-9.0, p = 0.001). ST TSV-13 was associated with increased mortality (aOR: 6.1, 95% CI: 1.2-30.9, p = 0.03). Patients with a history of alcohol excess were less likely to be infected by fhaB3 (aOR 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.7, p = 0.01) or YLF (aOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9, p = 0.04) positive isolates. Conclusions: There are a significant number of novel sequence types in Townsville, Australia. An emerging novel ST appears to have an association with geographic location and mortality. Ongoing investigation is required to further understand the impact of this ST on the Townsville region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Gassiep
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Mark D. Chatfield
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
| | - Budi Permana
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
| | - Delaney Burnard
- Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Michelle J. Bauer
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
| | - Thom Cuddihy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Brian M. Forde
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Johanna Mayer-Coverdale
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Herston Infectious Diseases Institute, Royal Brisbane and Woman’s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Robert E. Norton
- Pathology Queensland, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Patrick N. A. Harris
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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T AM, Singh B, Rupali P. Central nervous system infections in the tropics. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2024; 37:201-210. [PMID: 38529912 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused by Nipah virus, which carries a high case fatality. Arboviral infections, predominantly dengue, chikungunya and Zika are re-emerging increasingly especially in urban areas due to changing human habitats, vector behaviour and viral evolution. Scrub typhus, another vector borne disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi , is being established as a leading cause of CNS infections in the tropics. SUMMARY A syndromic and epidemiological approach to CNS infections in the tropics is essential to plan appropriate diagnostic tests and management. Rapid diagnostic tests facilitate early diagnosis and thus help prompt initiation and focusing of therapy to prevent adverse outcomes. Vector control, cautious urbanization and deforestation, and reducing disturbance of ecosystems can help prevent spread of vector-borne diseases. Regional diagnostic and treatment approaches and specific vaccines are required to avert morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhagteshwar Singh
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Institute of Infection Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Priscilla Rupali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Badten AJ, Torres AG. Burkholderia pseudomallei Complex Subunit and Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Their Potential to Elicit Cross-Protection to Burkholderia cepacia Complex. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:313. [PMID: 38543947 PMCID: PMC10975474 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that can cause a variety of diseases in at-risk populations. B. pseudomallei and B. mallei, the etiological agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, are the two clinically relevant members of the B. pseudomallei complex (Bpc). The development of vaccines against Bpc species has been accelerated in recent years, resulting in numerous promising subunits and glycoconjugate vaccines incorporating a variety of antigens. However, a second group of pathogenic Burkholderia species exists known as the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of opportunistic bacteria which tend to affect individuals with weakened immunity or cystic fibrosis. To date, there have been few attempts to develop vaccines to Bcc species. Therefore, the primary goal of this review is to provide a broad overview of the various subunit antigens that have been tested in Bpc species, their protective efficacy, study limitations, and known or suspected mechanisms of protection. Then, we assess the reviewed Bpc antigens for their amino acid sequence conservation to homologous proteins found in Bcc species. We propose that protective Bpc antigens with a high degree of Bpc-to-Bcc sequence conservation could serve as components of a pan-Burkholderia vaccine capable of protecting against both disease-causing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Badten
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Meumann EM, Limmathurotsakul D, Dunachie SJ, Wiersinga WJ, Currie BJ. Burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:155-169. [PMID: 37794173 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is found in soil and water of tropical and subtropical regions globally. Modelled estimates of the global burden predict that melioidosis remains vastly under-reported, and a call has been made for it to be recognized as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Severe weather events and environmental disturbance are associated with increased case numbers, and it is anticipated that, in some regions, cases will increase in association with climate change. Genomic epidemiological investigations have confirmed B. pseudomallei endemicity in newly recognized regions, including the southern United States. Melioidosis follows environmental exposure to B. pseudomallei and is associated with comorbidities that affect the immune response, such as diabetes, and with socioeconomic disadvantage. Several vaccine candidates are ready for phase I clinical trials. In this Review, we explore the global burden, epidemiology and pathophysiology of B. pseudomallei as well as current diagnostics, treatment recommendations and preventive measures, highlighting research needs and priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella M Meumann
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Willem J Wiersinga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart J Currie
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Smith S, Marquardt T, Jennison AV, D'Addona A, Stewart J, Yarwood T, Ho J, Binotto E, Harris J, Fahmy M, Esmonde J, Richardson M, Graham RMA, Gair R, Ariotti L, Preston-Thomas A, Rubenach S, O'Sullivan S, Allen D, Ragh T, Grayson S, Manoy S, Warner JM, Meumann EM, Robson JM, Hanson J. Clinical Manifestations and Genomic Evaluation of Melioidosis Outbreak among Children after Sporting Event, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2218-2228. [PMID: 37877500 PMCID: PMC10617349 DOI: 10.3201/eid2911.230951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by the environmental gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, usually develops in adults with predisposing conditions and in Australia more commonly occurs during the monsoonal wet season. We report an outbreak of 7 cases of melioidosis in immunocompetent children in Australia. All the children had participated in a single-day sporting event during the dry season in a tropical region of Australia, and all had limited cutaneous disease. All case-patients had an adverse reaction to oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment, necessitating its discontinuation. We describe the clinical features, environmental sampling, genomic epidemiologic investigation, and public health response to the outbreak. Management of this outbreak shows the potential benefits of making melioidosis a notifiable disease. The approach used could also be used as a framework for similar outbreaks in the future.
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Prinsloo C, Smith S, Law M, Hanson J. The Epidemiological, Clinical, and Microbiological Features of Patients with Burkholderia pseudomallei Bacteraemia-Implications for Clinical Management. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:481. [PMID: 37999600 PMCID: PMC10675116 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with melioidosis are commonly bacteraemic. However, the epidemiological characteristics, the microbiological findings, and the clinical associations of Burkholderia pseudomallei bacteraemia are incompletely defined. All cases of culture-confirmed melioidosis at Cairns Hospital in tropical Australia between January 1998 and June 2023 were reviewed. The presence of bacteraemia was determined and correlated with patient characteristics and outcomes; 332/477 (70%) individuals in the cohort were bacteraemic. In multivariable analysis, immunosuppression (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): (2.76 (1.21-6.27), p = 0.02), a wet season presentation (2.27 (1.44-3.59), p < 0.0001) and male sex (1.69 (1.08-2.63), p = 0.02), increased the likelihood of bacteraemia. Patients with a skin or soft tissue infection (0.32 (0.19-0.57), p < 0.0001) or without predisposing factors for melioidosis (0.53 (0.30-0.93), p = 0.03) were less likely to be bacteraemic. Bacteraemia was associated with intensive care unit admission (OR (95%CI): 4.27 (2.35-7.76), p < 0.0001), and death (2.12 (1.04-4.33), p = 0.04). The median (interquartile range) time to blood culture positivity was 31 (26-39) hours. Patients with positive blood cultures within 24 h were more likely to die than patients whose blood culture flagged positive after this time (OR (95%CI): 11.05 (3.96-30.83), p < 0.0001). Bacteraemia portends a worse outcome in patients with melioidosis. Its presence or absence might be used to help predict outcomes in cases of melioidosis and to inform optimal clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Prinsloo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Simon Smith
- Department of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia;
| | - Matthew Law
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia;
| | - Josh Hanson
- Department of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia;
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia;
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia
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Jitprasutwit N, Rungruengkitkun A, Lohitthai S, Reamtong O, Indrawattana N, Sookrung N, Sricharunrat T, Sukphopetch P, Chatratita N, Pumirat P. In Vitro Roles of Burkholderia Intracellular Motility A (BimA) in Infection of Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0132023. [PMID: 37409935 PMCID: PMC10434047 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01320-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei causes human melioidosis, which can infect the brain, leading to encephalitis and brain abscesses. Infection of the nervous system is a rare condition but is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Burkholderia intracellular motility A (BimA) was reported to play an important role in the invasion and infection of the central nervous system in a mouse model. Thus, to gain insight of the cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurological melioidosis, we explored the human neuronal proteomics to identify the host factors that are up- and downregulated during Burkholderia infection. When infected the SH-SY5Y cells with B. pseudomallei K96243 wild-type (WT), 194 host proteins showed a fold change of >2 compared with uninfected cells. Moreover, 123 proteins showed a fold change of >2 when infected with a knockout bimA mutant (ΔbimA) mutant compared with WT. The differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with metabolic pathways and pathways linked to human diseases. Importantly, we observed the downregulation of proteins in the apoptosis and cytotoxicity pathway, and in vitro investigation with the ΔbimA mutant revealed the association of BimA with the induction of these pathways. Additionally, we disclosed that BimA was not required for invasion into the neuron cell line but was necessary for effective intracellular replication and multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation. These findings show the extraordinary capacity of B. pseudomallei in subverting and interfering with host cellular systems to establish infection and extend our understanding of B. pseudomallei BimA involvement in the pathogenesis of neurological melioidosis. IMPORTANCE Neurological melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, can result in severe neurological damage and enhance the mortality rate of melioidosis patients. We investigate the involvement of the virulent factor BimA, which mediates actin-based motility, in the intracellular infection of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Using proteomics-based analysis, we provide a list of host factors exploited by B. pseudomallei. The expression level of selected downregulated proteins in neuron cells infected with the ΔbimA mutant was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and was consistent with our proteomic data. The role of BimA in the apoptosis and cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells infected by B. pseudomallei was uncovered in this study. Additionally, our research demonstrates that BimA is required for successful intracellular survival and cell fusion upon infection of neuron cells. Our findings have significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei infections and developing novel therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niramol Jitprasutwit
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Amporn Rungruengkitkun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sanisa Lohitthai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thaniya Sricharunrat
- Pathology and Forensic Science Department, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Passanesh Sukphopetch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narisara Chatratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Petras JK, Elrod MG, Ty M, Adams P, Zahner D, Adams A, Calfee MW, Tomlinson C, Serre S, Ryan S, Jakabhazy E, Gee JE, Weiner Z, Bower WA, Negron ME, Hoffmaster AR, Honza H. Notes from the Field: Burkholderia pseudomallei Detected in a Raccoon Carcass Linked to a Multistate Aromatherapy-Associated Melioidosis Outbreak - Texas, 2022. MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2022; 71:1597-1598. [PMID: 36520678 PMCID: PMC9762901 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7150a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Melioidosis and Burkholderia pseudomallei : progress in epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022; 35:517-523. [PMID: 35942848 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Melioidosis and its causative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei are being found in unexpected locations and bacterial genotyping is providing new insights into global spread and where and how individuals are being infected. This review summarizes recent studies covering the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of melioidosis. RECENT FINDINGS Whole-genome sequencing of B. pseudomallei from patients and environmental sampling is informing the phylogeography of B. pseudomallei at regional, continental, and global levels, while also defining the epidemiology for individual cases. The situation in Africa remains the most unresolved, while the evolving story of B. pseudomallei in the Americas may establish that B. pseudomallei is endemic in parts of southern USA. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of melioidosis are well established, and published mortality has decreased from 50% or higher to 10% or lower in some countries but access to laboratory and therapeutic resources are not available or are extremely limited in many melioidosis-endemic regions. SUMMARY The enormous clinical diversity of melioidosis and the complexities of laboratory diagnosis and of treatment make it a sentinel disease for highlighting the continuing global disparities in access to and provision of healthcare.
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Cycle-Inhibiting Factor Is Associated with Burkholderia pseudomallei Invasion in Human Neuronal Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101439. [PMID: 36290346 PMCID: PMC9598235 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a pathogenic bacterium that causes human melioidosis, which is associated with a high mortality rate. However, the underlying mechanisms of B. pseudomallei pathogenesis are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the infection of human neuronal SH-Sy5y cells by several clinically relevant B. pseudomallei strains. We found that all tested B. pseudomallei strains can invade SH-Sy5y cells, undergo intracellular replication, cause actin-tail formation, and form multinucleated giant cells. Additionally, a deletion mutant of B. pseudomallei cycle-inhibiting factor (cif) was constructed that exhibited reduced invasion in SH-Sy5y cells. Complementation of cif restored invasion of the B. pseudomallei cif-deleted mutant. Our findings enhance understanding of B. pseudomallei pathogenicity in terms of the virulence factor Cif and demonstrate the function of Cif in neurological melioidosis. This may eventually lead to the discovery of novel targets for treatment and a strategy to control the disease.
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Chieng R. Melioidosis. WIKIJOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15347/wjm/2022.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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