1
|
Sun Y, Li H. Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in immunocompetent adults: a literature review and case report. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:169-176. [PMID: 38058233 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium haemophilum has been increasingly found in severely immunocompromised patients but is scarcely reported in immunocompetent adults. METHODS We systematically reviewed previous literature to identify studies on infection in immunocompetent adults. Articles reporting at least one case of M. haemophilum infection were included. We excluded articles involving patients who had immunosuppression-related diseases and routinely used glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants. We also reported a case of a young immunocompetent woman infected by M. haemophilum along the eyebrows, which was probably due to the use of an eyebrow pencil retrieved from a sink drain. RESULTS Twelve qualifying articles reporting M. haemophilum infection in immunocompetent adults were identified. Among them, most cases report skin lesions along the eyebrows, and the remaining had cervicofacial lymphadenitis, lesions on the arm or fingers, inflammation in the eyeballs, or ulceration in the perineal region. Most cases were caused by tattoos, make-up, injury, or surgical operation. For diagnosis, specialized tissue culture sensitivity was roughly 75%, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test sensitivity was approximately 89%. Triple antibiotic therapy for 3 to 24 months, or surgical excision was effective in controlling infection. CONCLUSION M. haemophilum infection should be considered if routine antibacterial and glucocorticoid treatments are ineffective against the disease, even in healthy adults. To definitively diagnose this infection, conditioned tissue culture or PCR testing is required. Treatment usually involves a combination of multiple antibiotics and, if necessary, surgical removal of infected tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang YQ, Xu TT, Wang FY, Wang S, Cheng J. Ocular Mycobacterium haemophilum infection originating in the cornea: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:140. [PMID: 36882753 PMCID: PMC9993689 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium haemophilum is a slow-growing non-chromogenic nontuberculous Mycobacterium species that can cause skin infection or arthritis in an immunocompromised population or in children. Primary infection of the healthy adult cornea is rare. The special requirements for culture make this pathogen difficult to diagnose. The study aims to report the clinical manifestation and treatment process of corneal infection and notify the awareness of M. Haemophilus keratitis among clinicians. This is the first case report of primary M. haemophilum infection in the cornea of healthy adults reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 53-year-old healthy goldminer presented with left eye redness and a history of vision loss for four months. The patient was misdiagnosed with herpes simplex keratitis until M. haemophilum was detected using high-throughput sequencing. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed, and a large number of mycobacteria were detected by Ziehl-Neelsen staining of the infected tissue. Three months later, the patient developed conjunctival and eyelid skin infections that manifested as caseous necrosis of the conjunctiva and skin nodules. After excision and debridement of the conjunctival lesions and systemic antituberculosis drug treatment for 10 months, the patient was cured. CONCLUSION M. haemophilum could cause primary corneal infection in healthy adults, which is an infrequent or rare infection. Owing to the need for special bacterial culture conditions, conventional culture methods do not provide positive results. High-throughput sequencing can rapidly identify the presence of bacteria, which aids in early diagnosis and timely treatment. Prompt surgical intervention is an effective treatment option for severe keratitis. Long-term systemic antimicrobial therapy is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Zhang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Anqiu People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, China
| | - Fu-Yan Wang
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China. .,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China. .,Shandong Eye Institute, 5 Yanerdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ni L, Zou D, Yang H, Gao Z, Yu Q, Yang L. Case report: Subcutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in an immunocompetent patient after lipolysis injections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1098047. [PMID: 36756175 PMCID: PMC9899797 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1098047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium haemophilum is a slow-growing, aerobic mycobacterium that acts as a pathogen in immunocompromised adult patients and immunocompetent children. There are only a few rare cases in the literature describing this species as a cause of subcutaneous infections. Here, we describe a subcutaneous infection caused by M. haemophilum in an immunocompetent female after lipolysis injections at an unqualified beauty salon, suggesting that this bacteria can also be a potential causative agent of adverse events in medical aesthetics. In addition, M. haemophilum caused lesions not only at the injection sites and adjacent areas but also invaded distant sections through the subcutaneous sinus tracts. Thus, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are vital to prevent further deterioration and improve prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linan Ni
- Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Zou
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, STD Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Qian Yu,
| | - Lianjuan Yang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lianjuan Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Microbiological Survey of 47 Permanent Makeup Inks Available in the United States. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040820. [PMID: 35456870 PMCID: PMC9031709 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In two previous surveys, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified microbial contamination in 53 of 112 (47%) unopened tattoo inks and tattoo-ink-related products (e.g., diluents) from 15 manufacturers in the U.S. In this study, we primarily focused our microbiological survey on permanent makeup (PMU) inks. We conducted a survey of 47 unopened PMU inks from nine manufacturers and a comparative species-centric co-occurrence network (SCN) analysis using the survey results. Aerobic plate count and enrichment culture methods using the FDA's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Chapter 23 revealed that 9 (19%) inks out of 47, from five manufacturers, were contaminated with microorganisms. The level of microbial contamination was less than 250 CFU/g in eight inks and 980 CFU/g in one ink. We identified 26 bacteria that belong to nine genera and 21 species, including some clinically relevant species, such as Alloiococcus otitis, Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis, Kocuria rosea, and Pasteurella canis. Among the identified microorganisms, the SCN analysis revealed dominance and a strong co-occurrence relation of spore-forming extreme environment survivors, Bacillus spp., with close phylogenetic/phenotypic relationships. These results provide practical insights into the possible microbial contamination factors and positive selection pressure of PMU inks.
Collapse
|
5
|
Akoh CC, Akintilo L, Shankar S, Lo Sicco K. A rare case of microblading-induced preseptal cellulitis. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 16:98-100. [PMID: 34553011 PMCID: PMC8441103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Akoh
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Akintilo
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shruthi Shankar
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kristen Lo Sicco
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rello J, Tejada S, Campogiani L, Adebanjo AG, Tammaro A. Systemic infections associated with tattoos or permanent makeup: A systematic review. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 158:159-166. [PMID: 33902933 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this article is to summarize published information on systemic infective complications of tattoos to gain an update of the current picture. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed database (2009-2019), and compared with a search without year restriction. Eligibility criteria were studies on systemic tattoo-related infections, including case reports, case series, outbreak investigations, reviews, and systematic reviews. RESULTS We identified 17 manuscripts with systemic infections between 2009 and 2019, with one reported fatality. In contrast to the historical records, no reports of systemic tuberculosis, syphilis or viral (hepatitis or HIV) infections were reported within the study period. A few sporadic cases or Mycobacterium leprae (India) or regional lymphadenopathy associated with skin lesions in non-tuberculosis mycobacteria were identified. Persistent fever with rigour was common in bacterial bloodstream infections. One episode of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and several episodes of septic shock were reported, associated with cellulitis or necrotizing fasciitis within two weeks of the procedure, predominantly caused by pyogenic bacteria (S. aureus or streptococcus). Identification of lung or systemic embolisms in the absence of local symptoms, was indicative of (right or left) infective endocarditis. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial bloodstream infections should be considered in subjects developing fever and rigour after tattoos, regardless of local symptoms. A shift in causative organisms has been documented, when comparing with historical reports. NTM are emerging organisms causing lymphadenopathy. Strict hygiene conditions are essential when performing a tattoo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Rello
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical Research/Epidemiology in Pneumonia & Sepsis (CRIPS), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Research, CHU Nîmes, University Montpellier-Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Sofia Tejada
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical Research/Epidemiology in Pneumonia & Sepsis (CRIPS), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Campogiani
- Clinical Infectious Disease, Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Adenike G Adebanjo
- NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tammaro
- NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marwah MK, Kerure AS, Marwah GS. Microblading and the Science Behind it. Indian Dermatol Online J 2021; 12:6-11. [PMID: 33768017 PMCID: PMC7982014 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_230_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyebrows have been known to be an importance aspect of facial aesthetics and eyebrow restoration is now a part of anti-ageing procedures too. Microblading is a new technique in the field of permanent cosmetics for eyebrow restoration. Currently, it is one of the most sort after treatment in aesthetic procedures due to the curiosity and awareness raised by social media. Microblading is a form of superficial micropigmentation, wherein pigment is deposited till the papillary dermis, with the help of a manual device and a blade consisting of stacked needles. The resultant crisp, discrete hair like incisions simulate the eyebrow hair to give a natural look. The results are semi-permanent and last only 12-18 months. In the recent years, with the advancement in the instrumentation of microblading there have been several modifications in this procedure. Microblading has now found its applications not only in cosmetic treatments but also in dermatological conditions such as alopecia totalis, hypothyroidism, chemotherapy induced madarosis etc. It is a vital tool in any dermatology or cosmetic practise for its extensive applications. But with the rise in popularity of microblading, there is also a rise of untrained professionals performing it leading to a rise in its side-effects. This article aims at not only guiding on the instrumentation and procedure of microblading but also its pre and post procedure care, interaction with other aesthetic procedures and treating its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjot Kaur Marwah
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Manjot's Clinic, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Amit S Kerure
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Amit Kerure Skin Clinic, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Gurjot S Marwah
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Marwahs Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leskinen S, Flowers X, Thoene K, Uhlemann AC, Goldman JE, Hickman RA. Meningomyeloencephalitis secondary to Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in AIDS. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:73. [PMID: 32430060 PMCID: PMC7236527 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by opportunistic non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are rising in global incidence. One emerging, slowly growing NTM is Mycobacterium haemophilum, which can cause skin, lung, bone, and soft tissue infections in immunocompromised patients as well as lymphadenitis in immunocompetent individuals. Detection of this microorganism is difficult using conventional culture-based methods and few reports have documented involvement of this pathogen within the central nervous system (CNS). We describe the neuropathologic autopsy findings of a 39-year-old man with AIDS who died secondary to M. haemophilum CNS infection. He initially presented with repeated bouts of pyrexia, nausea and vomiting, and altered mental status that required numerous hospitalizations. CSF infectious workups were consistently negative. His most recent admission identified hyperintensities within the brainstem by MRI and despite antibiotic therapies for suspected CNS infection, he died. Autopsy revealed a swollen brain with marked widening of the brainstem. Microscopic examination of the brain and spinal cord showed focal lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, gliosis and neuronal loss that were associated with acid-fast bacilli (AFB). The brainstem was the most severely damaged and AFB were found to congregate along arterial territories lending support to the notion of hematogenous spread as a mechanism for the organisms’ dissemination. 16S rRNA sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue enabled post-mortem identification of M. haemophilum. This sequencing methodology may permit diagnosis on CSF intra-vitam.
Collapse
|
9
|
Simon A, Onya O, Mazza-Stalder J, Nicod L, Gilbert G, Katia J. Added diagnostic value of 16S rRNA gene pan-mycobacterial PCR for nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: a 10-year retrospective study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1873-1881. [PMID: 31313101 PMCID: PMC6778528 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of mycobacterial infections has been dramatically improved by the introduction of molecular methods aimed to reduce the time to diagnosis as compared with culture. The broad range pan-mycobacterial PCR can detect all the mycobacterial species directly from clinical specimens. We aimed to evaluate its usefulness and its clinical added value for the diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections. We performed a retrospective study (2003-2013) including 952 samples taken from 639 patients with clinical suspicion of NTM infection. The performance of smear microscopy, PCR and culture was established using clinical data to investigate discrepant results. We also compared the time to microbial diagnosis between the direct PCR and culture. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the PCR were 61.6% (53.5-69.1), 99.1% (98.2-99.6), 92.8% (85.8-96.5) and 93.4% (91.6-94.9), respectively, when considering all specimens. When considering smear-positive specimens and smear-negative specimens, the sensitivity was 81.6% and 40%, respectively. The sensitivity for pulmonary and extra-pulmonary smear-positive specimens was 85.2% versus 72.7%. The median time to identification at species level was 35 days (SD, 17.67) for culture and 6 days (SD, 2.67) for the PCR (when positive), which represents a 29-day shorter time to results (p < 0.0001). The 16S rRNA gene pan-mycobacterial PCR displays a substantial benefit in terms of time to diagnose NTM infections when compared with culture. Despite an excellent specificity, its sensitivity is yet limited in particular for smear-negative specimens, which might be improved by relying onto real-time PCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andenmatten Simon
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Opota Onya
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jesica Mazza-Stalder
- Division of Pulmonology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Nicod
- Division of Pulmonology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Greub Gilbert
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaton Katia
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-018-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
The infectious complications of body piercing and tattooing are reviewed.
Collapse
|
14
|
The Brief Case: Disseminated Mycobacterium haemophilum Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 56:56/1/e00561-17. [PMID: 29279349 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00561-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
15
|
Djouadi LN, Selama O, Abderrahmani A, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Abdellaziz L, Amziane M, Fardeau ML, Nateche F. Multiresistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated from polluted rivers and first detection of nontuberculous mycobacteria in the Algerian aquatic environment. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2017; 15:566-579. [PMID: 28771154 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Opportunistic infections constitute a major challenge for modern medicine mainly because the involved bacteria are usually multiresistant to antibiotics. Most of these bacteria possess remarkable ability to adapt to various ecosystems, including those exposed to anthropogenic activities. This study isolated and identified 21 multiresistant opportunistic bacteria from two polluted rivers, located in Algiers. Cadmium, lead, and copper concentrations were determined for both water samples to evaluate heavy metal pollution. High prevalence of Enterobacteria and non-fermentative Gram-negative rods was found and a nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) strain was isolated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of NTM in the Algerian environment. The strains were tested for their resistance against 34 antibiotics and 8 heavy metals. Multiple antibiotics and heavy metals resistance was observed in all isolates. The two most resistant strains, identified as Acinetobacter sp. and Citrobacter freundii, were submitted to plasmid curing to determine if resistance genes were plasmid or chromosome encoded. Citrobacter freundii strain P18 showed a high molecular weight plasmid which seems to code for resistance to zinc, lead, and tetracycline, at the same time. These findings strongly suggest that anthropized environments constitute a reservoir for multiresistant opportunistic bacteria and for circulating resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Neïla Djouadi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, Bab ezzouar -BP n°32, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Okba Selama
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, Bab ezzouar -BP n°32, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Abderrahmani
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, Bab ezzouar -BP n°32, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amel Bouanane-Darenfed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, Bab ezzouar -BP n°32, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lamia Abdellaziz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, Bab ezzouar -BP n°32, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriam Amziane
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, Bab ezzouar -BP n°32, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Marie-Laure Fardeau
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Marseille 13288 cedex 09, France E-mail:
| | - Farida Nateche
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, Bab ezzouar -BP n°32, Algiers, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tyner HL, Wilson JW. Fifteen-year clinical experience with Mycobacterium haemophilum at the Mayo Clinic: A case series. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2017; 8:26-32. [PMID: 31723708 PMCID: PMC6850245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium haemophilum is an uncommonly encountered acid-fast staining bacillus (AFB) that can cause a broad range of infections. We describe a tertiary care center's experience with M. haemophilum infections identified from 2000 to 2015. Ten adult patients were identified with M. haemophilum infections, and most had immunocompromising conditions. M. haemophilum presented in one of two syndromes: a peripheral cutaneous infection presenting with skin nodularity and local invasion, and a cervicofacial infection involving regional lymph nodes. Duration of therapy was variable (0–18 months) and was dependent on the underlying syndrome and immunological status of the patient. Treatment responses were favorable in all patients. During therapy, three patients developed culture-negative aseptic cutaneous lesions, consistent with immunologic reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS); we postulate that such reactions may not be uncommon with select M. haemophilum infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harmony L Tyner
- St. Luke's Infectious Disease Associates, 920 First St., Duluth, MN 55805, United States
| | - John W Wilson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Greub G, Sahli R, Brouillet R, Jaton K. Ten years of R&D and full automation in molecular diagnosis. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:403-25. [PMID: 27028061 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-year experience of our automated molecular diagnostic platform that carries out 91 different real-time PCR is described. Progresses and future perspectives in molecular diagnostic microbiology are reviewed: why automation is important; how our platform was implemented; how homemade PCRs were developed; the advantages/disadvantages of homemade PCRs, including the critical aspects of troubleshooting and the need to further reduce the turnaround time for specific samples, at least for defined clinical settings such as emergencies. The future of molecular diagnosis depends on automation, and in a novel perspective, it is time now to fully acknowledge the true contribution of molecular diagnostic and to reconsider the indication for PCR, by also using these tests as first-line assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roland Sahli
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Brouillet
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katia Jaton
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontuberculous mycobacteria rarely cause facial skin lesions in immunocompetent children. AIM I describe the clinical features and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria facial lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The diagnosis of a facial nontuberculous mycobacteria infection was established using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Of 286 children with confirmed nontuberculous mycobacteria infection, 14 (4.9%; median age 50 mos, range 9-156 mos; 5 [36%] male, 9 [64%] female) had nontuberculous mycobacteria facial skin lesions. Six (43%) had lesions on the cheek and five (36%) in the medial eye corner. Polymerase chain reaction results confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium haemophilum in eight patients (57%) and Mycobacterium avium in six patients (43%). The facial lesions were treated using a combination of clarithromycin and rifabutin for 12 weeks, with a median healing time of 4 months. CONCLUSION Nontuberculous mycobacteria facial lesions are rare in immunocompetent children. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Nonsurgical treatment is preferable, because surgical excision of the cutaneous lesions might lead to undesirable visible facial scars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome A Lindeboom
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amstelland Hospital Amstelveen and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Presence of Chlamydiales DNA in samples negative by broad-range bacterial 16S rRNA PCRs: new insights into chlamydial pathogenic role. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 11:32-3. [PMID: 27014466 PMCID: PMC4792849 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since routine eubacterial 16S rRNA PCR does not amplify members of the Chlamydiales order, we tested all samples received in our laboratory during a 10 months period using a pan-Chlamydiales real-time PCR. 3 of 107 samples (2.8%) revealed to be positive, suggesting a role of some Chlamydiales in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchial stenosis or bronchial stenosis superinfection and as agents of orthopaedic prosthesis infections.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: a potential complication of cosmetic procedures. Int J Womens Dermatol 2015; 1:51-54. [PMID: 28491956 PMCID: PMC5418664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures has increased significantly over the last few decades. Billions of dollars are spent on these procedures annually. Although the associated risk is generally low, multiple cases of skin and soft tissue infections have been reported. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), in particular M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, and M. abscessus, have been increasingly identified as causative of numerous cosmetic procedure–related infections worldwide. This has therefore become a public health concern. Delays in diagnosis and appropriate management may occur given subtleties in diagnostic methods. The purpose of this review is to highlight the NTM-related skin and soft tissue infections associated with more common cosmetic procedures, describe methods of identification, and outline best treatment practices.
Collapse
|
21
|
Disseminated Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in an ASSAM trinket snake (Elaphe frenata). J Zoo Wildl Med 2015; 45:966-9. [PMID: 25632694 DOI: 10.1638/2014-0078.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sub-adult male Assam trinket snake (Elaphe frenata) that was confiscated from an exotic animal dealer was found dead in its enclosure after a 17-mo quarantine. The snake had grown well during that period and had no physical examination or bloodwork abnormalities during the quarantine. On gross necropsy, masses were found in the epaxial musculature and stomach, the lung was diffusely thickened, the ventricular wall was mottled, and there was intracoelomic and pericardial effusion. Histopathology revealed diffusely disseminated granulomatous infiltrates throughout the lung interstitium and multifocal granulomatous infiltrates in the transmural gastric mass, within the myocardium and pericardial adipose tissue, in the liver and kidney parenchyma, in the cervical region surrounding the trachea and thyroid, and replacing the myofibers of the craniolateral epaxial muscles. Fite-Farracho acid-fast staining revealed numerous intracytoplasmic acid-fast bacilli within macrophages, and polymerase chain reaction testing on frozen tissues followed by nucleic acid sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplicons identified Mycobacterium haemophilum.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cross GB, Le Q, Webb B, Jenkin GA, Korman TM, Francis M, Woolley I. Mycobacterium haemophilum bone and joint infection in HIV/AIDS: case report and literature review. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 26:974-81. [PMID: 25577597 DOI: 10.1177/0956462414565403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of disseminated Mycobacterium haemophilum osteomyelitis in a patient with advanced HIV infection, who later developed recurrent immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after commencement of antiretroviral therapy. We review previous reports of M. haemophilum bone and joint infection associated with HIV infection and describe the management of M. haemophilum-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, including the role of surgery as an adjunctive treatment modality and the potential drug interactions between antiretroviral and antimycobacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail B Cross
- Departments of Microbiology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Quynh Le
- Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brooke Webb
- Departments of Microbiology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grant A Jenkin
- Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony M Korman
- Departments of Microbiology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Francis
- Departments of Microbiology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Woolley
- Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) includes nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections, tuberculosis (TB), and leprosy. Diagnosis of mycobacterial SSTI can be challenging due to diverse clinical presentation, low yield from cultured specimens, and nonspecific histopathology on tissue biopsy. In addition, immunosuppressed patients may present with atypical or disseminated disease. Despite aggressive medical treatment and often with surgical intervention, results may be suboptimal with poor outcomes. Regimens typically require multiple antibiotics for extended periods of time and are often complicated by medication side effects and drug-drug interactions. Biopsy with culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, but newer molecular diagnostics and proteomics such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry have improved diagnosis with increased identification of clinically significant mycobacteria species in clinically relevant time frames. We will review updates in diagnostic tests along with clinical presentation and treatment of mycobacterial SSTI for NTM, TB, and leprosy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Oh CC, Pang SM, Busmanis I, Sun S, Sng LH. Mycobacterium haemophilum in an elderly Chinese woman. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:1129-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choon Chiat Oh
- Dermatology Unit; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore City Singapore
| | - Shiu Ming Pang
- Dermatology Unit; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore City Singapore
| | - Inny Busmanis
- Department of Pathology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore City Singapore
| | - Shichao Sun
- Department of Pathology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore City Singapore
| | - Li-Hwei Sng
- Department of Pathology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore City Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tripathi P, Chaudhary R, Singh A. Virtual screening of phytochemicals to novel targets in Haemophilus ducreyi towards the treatment of Chancroid. Bioinformation 2014; 10:502-6. [PMID: 25258485 PMCID: PMC4166769 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, drugs are discovered by testing chemically synthesized compounds against a battery of in vivo biological screens. Information technology and Omic science enabled us for high throughput screening of compound libraries against biological targets and hits are then tested for efficacy in cells or animals. Chancroid, caused by Haemophilus ducreyi is a public health problem and has been recognized as a cofactor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission. It facilitates HIV transmission by providing an accessible portal entry, promoting viral shedding, and recruiting macrophages as well as CD4 cells to the skin. So, there is a requirement to develop an efficient drug to combat Chancroid that can also diminish HIV infection. In-silico screening of potential inhibitors against the target may facilitate in detection of the novel lead compounds for developing an effective chemo preventive strategy against Haemophilus ducreyi. The present study has investigated the effects of approximately 1100 natural compounds that inhibit three vital enzymes viz. Phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase, Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase of Haemophilus ducreyi in reference to a commercial drug Rifabutin. Results reveal that the lead compound uses less energy to bind to target. The lead compound parillin has also been predicted as less immunogenic in comparison to Rifabutin. Further, better molecular dynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and ADME-T properties establish it as an efficient chancroid preventer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Tripathi
- G.B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ritu Chaudhary
- G.B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- G.B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Report of disseminated Mycobacterium haemophilum infection after double cord blood allo-SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 49:1347-8. [PMID: 25029233 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium haemophilum co-infection in an iatrogenically immunosuppressed patient. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 78:494-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Conaglen PD, Laurenson IF, Sergeant A, Thorn SN, Rayner A, Stevenson J. Systematic review of tattoo-associated skin infection with rapidly growing mycobacteria and public health investigation of a cluster in Scotland, 2010. Euro Surveill 2013; 18:20553. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.32.20553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic cases and outbreaks of tattoo-associated skin infection with rapidly growing mycobacteria have been reported although they often contain few details of public health investigations and have not previously been systematically collated. We present the details of the public health investigation of a cluster of cases, which occurred in Scotland in 2010. Investigation of the cluster involved case finding, environmental investigation of the tattoo studio and pathological and microbiological investigation of possible cases and tattoo ink. Mycobacterium chelonae was isolated from one case and three probable cases were identified. M. chelonae was grown from an opened bottle of ink sourced from the studio these cases had attended. In addition, in order to identify all published cases, we conducted a systematic review of all reported cases of tattoo-associated skin infection with rapidly growing mycobacteria. A total of 25 reports were identified, describing 71 confirmed and 71 probable cases. Mycobacteria were isolated in 71 cases and M. chelonae was cultured from 48 of these. The most frequently postulated cause of infection was the dilution of black ink with tap water. Reports of tattoo-associated rapidly growing mycobacterial skin infection are increasing in frequency. Interested agencies must work with the tattoo industry to reduce the risk of contamination during tattoo ink manufacture, distribution and application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Conaglen
- NHS Fife, Department of Public Health, Cameron House, Leven, United Kingdom
| | - I F Laurenson
- NHS Lothian, Scottish Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Sergeant
- NHS Lothian, Department of Dermatology, Lauriston Building, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S N Thorn
- NHS Lothian, Department of Public Health, Waverley Gate, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Rayner
- NHS Lothian, Scottish Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Stevenson
- NHS Lothian, Department of Public Health, Waverley Gate, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Atypical Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium haemophilum in an Immunocompromised Patient. Clin Nucl Med 2013; 38:e194-5. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0b013e31826c0d51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Sergeant A, Conaglen P, Laurenson IF, Claxton P, Mathers ME, Kavanagh GM, Tidman MJ. Mycobacterium chelonaeinfection: a complication of tattooing. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 38:140-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of Mycobacterium haemophilum infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 24:701-17. [PMID: 21976605 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00020-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium haemophilum is a slowly growing acid-fast bacillus (AFB) belonging to the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) frequently found in environmental habitats, which can colonize and occasionally infect humans and animals. Several findings suggest that water reservoirs are a likely source of M. haemophilum infections. M. haemophilum causes mainly ulcerating skin infections and arthritis in persons who are severely immunocompromised. Disseminated and pulmonary infections occasionally occur. The second at-risk group is otherwise healthy children, who typically develop cervical and perihilar lymphadenitis. A full diagnostic regimen for the optimal detection of M. haemophilum includes acid-fast staining, culturing at two temperatures with iron-supplemented media, and molecular detection. The most preferable molecular assay is a real-time PCR targeting an M. haemophilum-specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS), but another approach is the application of a generic PCR for a mycobacterium-specific fragment with subsequent sequencing to identify M. haemophilum. No standard treatment guidelines are available, but published literature agrees that immunocompromised patients should be treated with multiple antibiotics, tailored to the disease presentation and underlying degree of immune suppression. The outcome of M. haemophilum cervicofacial lymphadenitis in immunocompetent patients favors surgical intervention rather than antibiotic treatment.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kay MK, Perti TR, Duchin JS. Tattoo-associated Mycobacterium haemophilum skin infection in immunocompetent adult, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 17:1734-6. [PMID: 21888807 PMCID: PMC3322073 DOI: 10.3201/eid1709.102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After a laboratory-confirmed case of Mycobacterium haemophilum skin infection in a recently tattooed immunocompetent adult was reported, we investigated to identify the infection source and additional cases. We found 1 laboratory-confirmed and 1 suspected case among immunocompetent adults who had been tattooed at the same parlor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meagan K Kay
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wollina U. Nodular skin reactions in eyebrow permanent makeup: two case reports and an infection by Mycobacterium haemophilum. J Cosmet Dermatol 2012; 10:235-9. [PMID: 21896137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permanent makeup is becoming more and more popular. The procedures, however, bear some medical risks. AIMS We will describe possible adverse effects of the procedure. METHODS This is a report of clinical observations. RESULTS We report about two women aged 26 and 47 years, who developed nodules with some delay after permanent tattooing the eyebrows. Clinical, histologic, and laboratory investigations revealed a noninfectious granulomatous reaction not responding to topical calcineurin inhibitor but corticosteroids in the younger patient. In the other woman, an infection by Mycobacterium haemophilum could be identified. A triple combination of clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampicin succeeded in clearance of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS Adverse reactions after permanent makeup need a medical evaluation to identify health risks and initiate early treatment.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kelley CF, Armstrong WS, Eaton ME. Disseminated Mycobacterium haemophilum infection. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2011; 11:571-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|