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Cardenas-Garcia S, Cáceres CJ, Jain A, Geiger G, Mo JS, Gay LC, Seibert B, Jasinskas A, Nakajima R, Rajao DS, Davies DH, Perez DR. Impact of sex on humoral immunity with live influenza B virus vaccines in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:45. [PMID: 38409236 PMCID: PMC10897209 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus (FLUBV) poses a significant infectious threat, with frequent vaccine mismatch limiting its effectiveness. Our previous work investigated the safety and efficacy of modified live attenuated FLUBV vaccines with rearranged genomes (FluB-RAM and FluB-RANS) or a temperature-sensitive PB1 segment with a C-terminal HA tag (FluB-att). In this study, we compared the immune responses of female and male DBA/2J mice vaccinated with these vaccines, including versions containing a chimeric HA segment with an N-terminal IgA-inducing peptide (IGIP). Importantly, both recombinant viruses with and without IGIP remained genetically stable during egg passage. We found that introducing IGIP strengthened vaccine attenuation, particularly for FluB-RAM/IGIP. Prime-boost vaccination completely protected mice against lethal challenge with a homologous FLUBV strain. Notably, recombinant viruses induced robust neutralizing antibody responses (hemagglutination inhibition titers ≥40) alongside antibodies against NA and NP. Interestingly, female mice displayed a consistent trend of enhanced humoral and cross-reactive IgG and IgA responses against HA, NA, and NP compared to male counterparts, regardless of the vaccine used. However, the presence of IGIP generally led to lower anti-HA responses but higher anti-NA and anti-NP responses, particularly of the IgA isotype. These trends were further reflected in mucosal and serological responses two weeks after challenge, with clear distinctions based on sex, vaccine backbone, and IGIP inclusion. These findings hold significant promise for advancing the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - C Joaquín Cáceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ginger Geiger
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jong-Suk Mo
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - L Claire Gay
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Algimantas Jasinskas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Daniela S Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - D Huw Davies
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010166. [PMID: 36677458 PMCID: PMC9864990 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND previous worldwide reports indicated a substantial short-term reduction in various respiratory infections during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. AIMS exploring the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory pathogens. METHODS retrospective analysis of bacterial and viral positivity rate in respiratory samples, between 1 January 2017-30 June 2022 in a tertiary hospital in Jerusalem, Israel. RESULTS A decline in overall respiratory tests and positivity rate was observed in the first months of the pandemic. Respiratory isolations of Hemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae were insignificantly affected and returned to their monthly average by November 2020, despite a parallel surge in COVID-19 activity, while Mycoplasma pneumoniae was almost eliminated from the respiratory pathogens scene. Each viral pathogen acted differently, with adenovirus affected only for few months. Human-metapneumovirus and respiratory-syncytial-virus had reduced activity for approximately a year, and influenza A virus resurged in November 2021 with the elimination of Influenza-B. CONCLUSIONS After an immediate decline in non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections, each pathogen has a different pattern during a 2-year follow-up. These patterns might be influenced by intrinsic factors of each pathogen and different risk reduction behaviors of the population. Since some of these measures will remain in the following years, we cannot predict the timing of return to pre-COVID-19 normalcy.
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Cardenas-Garcia S, Cáceres CJ, Jain A, Geiger G, Mo JS, Jasinskas A, Nakajima R, Rajao DS, Davies DH, Perez DR. FluB-RAM and FluB-RANS: Genome Rearrangement as Safe and Efficacious Live Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080897. [PMID: 34452022 PMCID: PMC8402576 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus (IBV) is considered a major respiratory pathogen responsible for seasonal respiratory disease in humans, particularly severe in children and the elderly. Seasonal influenza vaccination is considered the most efficient strategy to prevent and control IBV infections. Live attenuated influenza virus vaccines (LAIVs) are thought to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses by mimicking a natural infection, but their effectiveness has recently come into question. Thus, the opportunity exists to find alternative approaches to improve overall influenza vaccine effectiveness. Two alternative IBV backbones were developed with rearranged genomes, rearranged M (FluB-RAM) and a rearranged NS (FluB-RANS). Both rearranged viruses showed temperature sensitivity in vitro compared with the WT type B/Bris strain, were genetically stable over multiple passages in embryonated chicken eggs and were attenuated in vivo in mice. In a prime-boost regime in naïve mice, both rearranged viruses induced antibodies against HA with hemagglutination inhibition titers considered of protective value. In addition, antibodies against NA and NP were readily detected with potential protective value. Upon lethal IBV challenge, mice previously vaccinated with either FluB-RAM or FluB-RANS were completely protected against clinical disease and mortality. In conclusion, genome re-arrangement renders efficacious LAIV candidates to protect mice against IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (S.C.-G.); (C.J.C.); (G.G.); (J.-S.M.); (D.S.R.)
| | - C. Joaquín Cáceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (S.C.-G.); (C.J.C.); (G.G.); (J.-S.M.); (D.S.R.)
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.J.); (A.J.); (R.N.); (D.H.D.)
| | - Ginger Geiger
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (S.C.-G.); (C.J.C.); (G.G.); (J.-S.M.); (D.S.R.)
| | - Jong-Suk Mo
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (S.C.-G.); (C.J.C.); (G.G.); (J.-S.M.); (D.S.R.)
| | - Algimantas Jasinskas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.J.); (A.J.); (R.N.); (D.H.D.)
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.J.); (A.J.); (R.N.); (D.H.D.)
| | - Daniela S. Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (S.C.-G.); (C.J.C.); (G.G.); (J.-S.M.); (D.S.R.)
| | - D. Huw Davies
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.J.); (A.J.); (R.N.); (D.H.D.)
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (S.C.-G.); (C.J.C.); (G.G.); (J.-S.M.); (D.S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(706)-542-5506
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Ishaqui A, Hayat Khan A, Sulaiman SAS, Taher Alsultan M, Khan I. Comparative efficacy assessment of antiviral alone and antiviral-antibiotic combination in prevention of influenza-B infection associated complications. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 19:1165-1173. [PMID: 33567928 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1889369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to compare the efficacy of antiviral drug alone and antiviral-antibiotic combination therapy in prevention of complications associated with influenza B hospitalized patients. METHOD Laboratory confirmed influenza B hospitalized patients presented in emergency room after 48 hours of symptoms onset were identified and divided into two groups; Group-1 patients were initiated on Antiviral drug (oseltamivir) alone while Group-2 patients were initiated on Antiviral drug (oseltamivir) in combination with Antibiotic for at least 3 days. Patients were evaluated for different clinical outcomes among both treatment group. RESULTS A total of 153 and 131 patients were identified for Group-1 and Group-2, respectively. Clinical outcomes such as secondary bacterial infections (20.9%-vs-9.1%; P = 0.031), need of respiratory support (28.7%-vs-12.9%; P = 0.002), length of hospitalization stay (6.57-vs-4.95 days; P = <0.001), incidences of ICU admission (15.7%-vs-7.6%; P = 0.036), early clinical failure (32.6%-vs-16.1%; P = 0.01), and time to clinical stability (4.83-vs-4.1 days; P = 0.001) were found to be statistically less significant (P-value <0.05) for Group-2 patients. CONCLUSION Early initiation of antibiotic therapy in combination with oseltamivir was found to be more efficacious than oseltamivir alone in prevention of influenza B-associated complications especially in high-risk influenza patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azfar Ishaqui
- Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Amer Hayat Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Taher Alsultan
- Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfanullah Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
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Cardenas-Garcia S, Caceres CJ, Rajao D, Perez DR. Reverse genetics for influenza B viruses and recent advances in vaccine development. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 44:191-202. [PMID: 33254031 PMCID: PMC8693393 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Influenza B virus is a respiratory pathogen that affects more severely the pediatric and elderly populations. There are two lineages of influenza B virus that seem to have differential predilection for age groups. Both lineages can co-circulate during the influenza season however one is usually more prominent than the other depending on the season. There are no defined indicators to predict which lineage will dominate in any given season. In recent years, the addition of viruses from both lineages to the seasonal influenza vaccine formulation has improved vaccine protection, although quadrivalent vaccines are not available worldwide. Reverse genetics has facilitated advancements in the field of vaccine development against influenza B virus. Different strategies have been explored showing promising results that could potentially lead to the development broadly protective influenza B virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - C Joaquin Caceres
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Daniela Rajao
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Boattini M, Almeida A, Christaki E, Cruz L, Antão D, Moreira MI, Bianco G, Iannaccone M, Tsiolakkis G, Khattab E, Kasapi D, Charrier L, Tosatto V, Marques TM, Cavallo R, Costa C. Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections in the oldest-old continent. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:2085-2090. [PMID: 32594325 PMCID: PMC7320245 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 dramatically revealed the sudden impact of respiratory viruses in our lives. Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and an important burden on healthcare systems worldwide, especially in elderly patients. The aim of this study was to identify severity predictors in the oldest-old admitted with influenza and/or RSV infections. This is a multicenter, retrospective study of all oldest-old patients (≥ 85 years old) admitted for laboratory-confirmed influenza and/or RSV infection in three tertiary hospitals in Portugal, Italy, and Cyprus over two consecutive winter seasons. The outcomes included the following: pneumonia on infection presentation, use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and in-hospital death (IHD). The association with possible predictors, including clinical features and type of virus infection, was assessed using uni- and multivariable analyses. A total of 251 oldest-old patients were included in the study. Pneumonia was evident in 32.3% (n = 81). NIV was implemented in 8.8% (n = 22), and IHD occurred in 13.9% (n = 35). Multivariable analyses revealed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma was associated with pneumonia (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.02-3.43; p = 0.045). COPD or asthma (OR 4.4; 95% CI 1.67-11.6; p = 0.003), RSV (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.09-8.92; p = 0.023), and influenza B infections (OR 3.77; 95% CI 1.06-13.5; p = 0.041) were associated with NIV use, respectively, while chronic kidney disease was associated with IHD (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.14-5.51; p = 0.023). Among the oldest-old, chronic organ failure, such as COPD or asthma, and CKD predicted pneumonia and IHD, respectively, beyond the importance of viral virulence itself. These findings could impact on public health policies, such as fostering influenza immunization campaigns, home-based care programs, and end-of-life care. Filling knowledge gaps is crucial to set priorities and advise on transition model of care that best fits the oldest-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Boattini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - André Almeida
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Hospital de Santa Marta, Central Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eirini Christaki
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Medicine, Nicosia General Hospital, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Lourenço Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Hospital de Santa Marta, Central Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Antão
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Hospital de Santa Marta, Central Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Moreira
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Hospital de Santa Marta, Central Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriele Bianco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Iannaccone
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Elina Khattab
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Tosatto
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Hospital de Santa Marta, Central Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Torcato Moreira Marques
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Hospital de Santa Marta, Central Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Papadimitriou-Olivgeris M, Gkikopoulos N, Wüst M, Ballif A, Simonin V, Maulini M, Nusbaumer C, Bertaiola Monnerat L, Tschopp J, Kampouri EE, Wilson P, Duplain H. Predictors of mortality of influenza virus infections in a Swiss Hospital during four influenza seasons: Role of quick sequential organ failure assessment. Eur J Intern Med 2020; 74:86-91. [PMID: 31899057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza infections have been associated with high morbidity. The aims were to determine predictors of mortality among patients with influenza infections and to ascertain the role of quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) in predicting poor outcomes. METHODS All adult patients with influenza infection at the Hospital of Jura, Switzerland during four influenza seasons (2014/15 to 2017/18) were included. Cepheid Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV was used during the first three influenza seasons and Cobas Influenza A/B and RSV during the 2017/18 season. RESULTS Among 1684 influenza virus tests performed, 441 patients with influenza infections were included (238 for influenza A virus and 203 for B). The majority of infections were community onset (369; 83.7%). Thirty-day mortality was 6.0% (25 patients). Multivariate analysis revealed that infection due to A virus (P 0.035; OR 7.1; 95% CI 1.1-43.8), malnutrition (P < 0.001; OR 25.0; 95% CI 4.5-138.8), hospital-acquired infection (P 0.003; OR 12.2; 95% CI 2.3-65.1), respiratory insufficiency (PaO2/FiO2 < 300) (P < 0.001; OR 125.8; 95% CI 9.6-1648.7) and pulmonary infiltrate on X-ray (P 0.020; OR 6.0; 95% CI 1.3-27.0) were identified as predictors of mortality. qSOFA showed a very good accuracy (0.89) equivalent to other more specific and burdensome scores such as CURB-65 and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI). CONCLUSION qSOFA performed similarly to specific severity scores (PSI, CURB-65) in predicting mortality. Infection by influenza A virus, respiratory insufficiency and malnutrition were associated with worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios Papadimitriou-Olivgeris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Jura, Delémont, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Melissa Wüst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Jura, Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Aurelie Ballif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Jura, Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Simonin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Jura, Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Marie Maulini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Jura, Delémont, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jonathan Tschopp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Jura, Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Duplain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Jura, Delémont, Switzerland; Faculty of biology and medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Avni T, Babich T, Nir A, Yahav D, Shaked H, Sorek N, Zvi HB, Bishara J, Atamna A. Comparison of clinical outcomes of influenza A and B at the 2017-2018 influenza season: a cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1109-1114. [PMID: 31989376 PMCID: PMC7095355 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Influenza has significant morbidity and mortality. Some experts consider infection with influenza B as milder than that with influenza A. The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza A or B in 2017–2018 influenza season. All hospitalized patients between October 2017 and April 2018 with laboratory-confirmed influenza A and B were included. The primary composite outcomes were pneumonia/myocarditis/encephalitis, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-/90-day mortality, length of hospital stay, and readmission rates. The study included 201 influenza A and 325 influenza B. For the primary composite outcome, no significant difference was demonstrated between influenza A and B. Rates of mortality were similar at 30 and 90 days. Influenza A had higher pneumonia rates and mechanical ventilation. On multivariate analysis, higher Charlson’s score, hypoalbuminemia, and vasopressor use were associated with 30-day mortality, while infection with either influenza A or B was not. Influenza A was associated with higher pneumonia and mechanical ventilation rates. However, influenza B resulted with similar 30-day mortality rate as influenza A.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Avni
- Infectious Disease Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Internal Medicine Department E, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - T Babich
- Internal Medicine Department E, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - A Nir
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - D Yahav
- Infectious Disease Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - H Shaked
- Infectious Disease Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - N Sorek
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - H Ben Zvi
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - J Bishara
- Infectious Disease Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - A Atamna
- Infectious Disease Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah-Tikva, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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9
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Chan WM, Wong LH, So CF, Chen LL, Wu WL, Ip JD, Lam AHY, Yip CCY, Yuen KY, To KKW. Development and evaluation of a conventional RT-PCR for differentiating emerging influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses with hemagglutinin amino acid deletion from B/Yamagata lineage viruses. J Med Virol 2019; 92:382-385. [PMID: 31608480 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses contain amino acid deletions at positions 162 to 164 of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein. These amino acid deletions have affected the detection of B/Victoria lineage viruses by the lineage-specific conventional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that was recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop and evaluate a novel lineage-specific RT-PCR for rapid differentiation of the contemporary B/Victoria lineage from B/Yamagata lineage viruses. STUDY DESIGN Primers of our in-house RT-PCR were designed to avoid amino acid positions 162 to 164 and to target conserved regions of the HA gene that are specific for B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineage viruses. Our in-house RT-PCR and WHO RT-PCR were evaluated using influenza B positive clinical specimens or virus culture isolates. Influenza B virus lineage was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A total of 105 clinical specimens or virus culture isolates were retrieved, including 83 with B/Victoria lineage and 22 with B/Yamagata lineage viruses. Our in-house RT-PCR correctly identified B/Victoria lineage viruses in all 83 samples, including 82 samples with double or triple amino acid deletion in the HA protein. Conversely, the WHO lineage-specific conventional RT-PCR failed to detect any of the 82 samples with HA amino acid deletions. For the 22 samples with B/Yamagata lineage viruses, both RT-PCR assays have correctly identified B/Yamagata lineage in all samples. CONCLUSIONS Our novel lineage-specific RT-PCR has successfully detected all contemporary B/Victoria lineage viruses with amino acid deletions in HA. This protocol is especially useful for laboratories without the equipment for real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Mui Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lok-Hin Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chun-Fung So
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai-Lan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jonathan D Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Athene Hoi-Ying Lam
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cyril C Y Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin K W To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Shasha D, Valinsky L, Hershkowitz Sikron F, Glatman-Freedman A, Mandelboim M, Toledano A, Paran Y, Ben-Ami R, Goldman D. Quadrivalent versus trivalent influenza vaccine: clinical outcomes in two influenza seasons, historical cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:101-106. [PMID: 31108229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) contains two influenza B antigens (one of each B lineage), while the trivalent vaccine (TIV) contains solely one. As a result, a mismatch between the circulating B lineage and the lineage in the TIV occurs frequently. We aimed to compare the frequency of clinically significant outcomes in a large cohort of vaccinees receiving either TIV or QIV. METHODS Historical cohort study of all inactivated influenza vaccinees (aged 3 years and older) in a Health Maintenance Organization insuring 1.2 million individuals, over two influenza seasons in which both vaccines were provided non-selectively. Primary outcome was hospital admissions during the influenza season. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression to adjust for relevant covariates. RESULTS Our cohort included 150 518 and 168 296 vaccinees in the first (S1) and second season (S2), respectively. The two influenza seasons were characterized by high Influenza B activity. Of those vaccinated with QIV, 2074 of 49 726 (4.2%) and 6563 of 121 741 (5.4%) were hospitalized compared with 7378 of 100 792 (7.3%) and 3372 of 46 555 (7.2%) of those vaccinated with TIV (S1 and S2, respectively). After multivariate analysis adjusting for several covariates (gender, age, socioeconomic status, chronic morbidity, timing of vaccination), compared with TIV recipients, QIV vaccinees had lower odds for hospitalization (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98 and OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.85-0.93) or emergency department visit (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.95 and OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.81-0.87) in S1 and S2, respectively (p < 0.001). Lower odds of mortality and influenza-like illness were also observed in S2 (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.50-0.75 and OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.90-0.95, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In seasons with relatively high influenza B activity, QIV appeared more protective than TIV in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shasha
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - L Valinsky
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - A Glatman-Freedman
- Israel Centre for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Mandelboim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Toledano
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Paran
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - R Ben-Ami
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - D Goldman
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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