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Rangan GK, Wong ATY, Munt A, Zhang JQJ, Saravanabavan S, Louw S, Allman-Farinelli M, Badve SV, Boudville N, Chan J, Coolican H, Coulshed S, Edwards ME, Erickson BJ, Fernando M, Foster S, Gregory AV, Haloob I, Hawley CM, Holt J, Howard K, Howell M, Johnson DW, Kline TL, Kumar K, Lee VW, Lonergan M, Mai J, McCloud P, Pascoe E, Peduto A, Rangan A, Roger SD, Sherfan J, Sud K, Torres VE, Vilayur E, Harris DCH. Prescribed Water Intake in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. NEJM EVIDENCE 2022; 1:EVIDoa2100021. [PMID: 38319283 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Arginine vasopressin promotes kidney cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Increased water intake reduces arginine vasopressin and urine osmolality and may slow kidney cyst growth. METHODS: In this randomized controlled 3-year clinical trial, we randomly assigned adults with ADPKD who had a height-corrected total kidney volume in Mayo imaging subclass categories 1B to 1E and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 or greater to (1) water intake prescribed to reduce 24-hour urine osmolality to 270 mOsmol/kg or less or (2) ad libitum water intake irrespective of 24-hour urine osmolality. The primary end point was the percentage annualized rate of change in height-corrected total kidney volume. RESULTS: A total of 184 patients participated in either the ad libitum water intake group (n=92) or the prescribed water intake group (n=92). Over 3 years, there was no difference in the annualized rate of change in height-corrected total kidney volume between the ad libitum (7.8% per year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6 to 9.0) and prescribed (6.8% per year; 95% CI, 5.8 to 7.7) water intake groups (mean difference, −0.97% per year; 95% CI, −2.37 to 0.44; P=0.18). The difference in mean 24-hour urine osmolality between the ad libitum and prescribed water intake groups was −91 mOsmol/kg (95% CI, −127 to −54 mOsmol/kg), with 52.3% of patients achieving adherence to the target 24-hour urine osmolality and no reduction in serum copeptin over 3 years. The frequency of adverse events was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with ADPKD, prescribed water intake was not associated with excess adverse events and achieved the target 24-hour urine osmolality for half of the patients but did not reduce copeptin or slow the growth of total kidney volume over 3 years compared with ad libitum water intake. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [grant GNT1138533], Danone Research, PKD Australia, the University of Sydney, and the Westmead Medical Research Foundation; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12614001216606).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopala K Rangan
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette T Y Wong
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Munt
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Q J Zhang
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra Louw
- McCloud Consulting Group, Belrose, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sunil V Badve
- Department of Renal Medicine, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney
| | - Neil Boudville
- Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jessie Chan
- McCloud Consulting Group, Belrose, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Susan Coulshed
- North Shore Nephrology, Crows Nest, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marie E Edwards
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bradley J Erickson
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mangalee Fernando
- Department of Renal Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Eastern Sydney Health District Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sheryl Foster
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - Adriana V Gregory
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Imad Haloob
- Department of Renal Medicine, Bathurst Hospital, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carmel M Hawley
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane Holt
- Department of Renal Medicine, Wollongong Hospital, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - Martin Howell
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - David W Johnson
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy L Kline
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Karthik Kumar
- Gosford Nephrology, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent W Lee
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney
- Department of Renal Medicine, Norwest Private Hospital, Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maureen Lonergan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Wollongong Hospital, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jun Mai
- Department of Renal Medicine, Liverpool Hospital, Southwestern Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip McCloud
- McCloud Consulting Group, Belrose, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elaine Pascoe
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony Peduto
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Rangan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney
| | | | - Julie Sherfan
- Chemical Pathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney
| | - Kamal Sud
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney Medical School, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eswari Vilayur
- Department of Nephrology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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El-Damanawi R, Lee M, Harris T, Mader LB, Bond S, Pavey H, Sandford RN, Wilkinson IB, Burrows A, Woznowski P, Ben-Shlomo Y, Karet Frankl FE, Hiemstra TF. Randomised controlled trial of high versus ad libitum water intake in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: rationale and design of the DRINK feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022859. [PMID: 29743334 PMCID: PMC5942404 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vasopressin stimulates cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) leading to enlarged kidneys, hypertension and renal failure. Vasopressin receptor blockade slows disease progression. Physiological suppression of vasopressin secretion through high water (HW) intake could achieve a similar effect, necessitating a definitive large-scale trial of HW intake in ADPKD. The objective of the DRINK trial is to answer the key design and feasibility questions required to deliver a successful definitive water intake trial. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We describe the design of a single-centre, open-label, prospective, randomised controlled trial. The "Determining feasibility of R andomisation to high vs. ad libitum water In take in Polycystic K idney Disease" (DRINK) trial aims to enrol 50 patients with ADPKD, over the age of 16 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥20 mL/min/1.73 m2. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to HW intake based on an individualised water intake prescription, or to ad libitum (AW) water intake. The HW group will aim for a dilute urine (urine osmolality ≤270 mOsm/kg) as a surrogate marker of vasopressin suppression, and those in the AW group will target more concentrated urine. Participants will have an 8-week treatment period, and will be seen at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 8, undergoing assessments of fluid status, renal function and serum and urine osmolalities. They will receive dietary advice, and self-monitor urine specific gravity and fluid intake. The trial employs smartphone technology to permit home monitoring and remote direct data capture. The primary feasibility end points are recruitment rate and separation between arms in measured urinary osmolality. Key secondary assessments include acceptability, adherence, health-related quality of life, acute effects of HW intake on measured (51Cr-EDTA) and eGFR and ADPKD-related pain. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was awarded by the East of England Essex Research Ethics Committee (16/EE/0026). The results of DRINK will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals, and presented to patients via the PKD Charity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02933268 and ISCRTN16794957.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragada El-Damanawi
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Laura B Mader
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK
- Patient Led Research Hub, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Bond
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Holly Pavey
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas F Hiemstra
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge, UK
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Mader LB, Harris T, Kläger S, Wilkinson IB, Hiemstra TF. Inverting the patient involvement paradigm: defining patient led research. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2018; 4:21. [PMID: 30002875 PMCID: PMC6038253 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-018-0104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PLAIN ENGLISH SUMMARY Patients usually understand their disease and lifestyle needs better than many medical professionals. They also have important ideas about what research would be most beneficial to their lives, especially on how to manage symptoms in a way that improves daily quality of life. In the UK, the National Institute for Health Research has recognised the value of patient insight, and now requires researchers with public funding to involve patients and the public throughout the research process. There are many opportunities for involvement, but these generally focus on improving study design to ensure the trial is acceptable to participants. Some programmes work towards setting research priorities as important to patients, public members, and medical experts, but due to the complexity and cost involved in running clinical trials, the majority of research originates with the pharmaceutical industry or academic institutions. There is a clear mismatch between research ideas that patients prioritise (quality of life), and those actually investigated (drug development).The Patient Led Research Hub (PLRH) is a new initiative hosted by the Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit. The PLRH supports research ideas as proposed by patient organisations, providing resources and expertise in research design and delivery. The PLRH aims to co-produce any technically feasible project, regardless of disease or symptom focus. The proposing patient group maintains ownership of the project with an active role in study management. This method of research has proven to produce credible research studies that are of direct relevance to patients. ABSTRACT Patient and Public Involvement has become an indispensable and expected component of healthcare research in the United Kingdom, largely driven by the National Institute of Health Research and other research funders. Opportunities for patients to become involved in research abound, and many organisations now have dedicated 'public involvement' teams. However, its value is often questioned amidst criticism of tokenism and the recognition that a mismatch persists between patient priorities and funded research. Although patients are frequently consulted, evidence that their involvement influences the research agenda remains limited. We propose a novel model that allows patients and the public not only to propose research questions, but to design, initiate and deliver their own research with all the necessary support from research professionals. We demonstrate the feasibility and utility of this approach in reporting the establishment, experiences and progress of the Patient Led Research Hub. Using this resource, patient organisations are now able to initiate and conduct rigorous clinical research unfettered by the constraints of academic or economic agendas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B. Mader
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tess Harris
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity, London, UK
| | - Sabine Kläger
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian B. Wilkinson
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas F. Hiemstra
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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