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Eholie SP, Ekouevi DK, Chazallon C, Charpentier C, Messou E, Diallo Z, Zoungrana J, Minga A, Ngom Gueye NF, Hawerlander D, Dembele F, Colin G, Tchounga B, Karcher S, Le Carrou J, Tchabert-Guié A, Toni TD, Ouédraogo AS, Bado G, Toure Kane C, Seydi M, Poda A, Mensah E, Diallo I, Drabo YJ, Anglaret X, Brun-Vezinet F. Efficacy and safety of three antiretroviral therapy regimens for treatment-naive African adults living with HIV-2 (FIT-2): a pilot, phase 2, non-comparative, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet HIV 2024; 11:e380-e388. [PMID: 38740027 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(24)00085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the low number of individuals with HIV-2, no randomised trials of HIV-2 treatment have ever been done. We hypothesised that a non-comparative study describing the outcomes of several antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in parallel groups would improve understanding of how differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2 might lead to different therapeutic approaches. METHODS This pilot, phase 2, non-comparative, open-label, randomised controlled trial was done in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Togo. Adults with HIV-2 who were ART naive with CD4 counts of 200 cells per μL or greater were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to one of three treatment groups. A computer-generated sequentially numbered block randomisation list stratified by country was used for online allocation to the next available treatment group. In all groups, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (henceforth tenofovir) was dosed at 245 mg once daily with either emtricitabine at 200 mg once daily or lamivudine at 300 mg once daily. The triple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) group received zidovudine at 250 mg twice daily. The ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group received lopinavir at 400 mg twice daily boosted with ritonavir at 100 mg twice daily. The raltegravir group received raltegravir at 400 mg twice daily. The primary outcome was the rate of treatment success at week 96, defined as an absence of serious morbidity event during follow-up, plasma HIV-2 RNA less than 50 copies per mL at week 96, and a substantial increase in CD4 cells between baseline and week 96. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02150993, and is closed to new participants. FINDINGS Between Jan 26, 2016, and June 29, 2017, 210 participants were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Five participants died during the 96 weeks of follow-up (triple NRTI group, n=2; ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group, n=2; and raltegravir group, n=1), eight had a serious morbidity event (triple NRTI group, n=4; ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group, n=3; and raltegravir group, n=1), 17 had plasma HIV-2 RNA of 50 copies per mL or greater at least once (triple NRTI group, n=11; ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group, n=4; and raltegravir group, n=2), 32 (all in the triple NRTI group) switched to another ART regimen, and 18 permanently discontinued ART (triple NRTI group, n=5; ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group, n=7; and raltegravir group, n=6). The Data Safety Monitoring Board recommended premature termination of the triple NRTI regimen for safety reasons. The overall treatment success rate was 57% (95% CI 47-66) in the ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group and 59% (49-68) in the raltegravir group. INTERPRETATION The raltegravir and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir regimens were efficient and safe in adults with HIV-2. Both regimens could be compared in future phase 3 trials. The results of this pilot study suggest a trend towards better virological and immunological efficacy in the raltegravir-based regimen. FUNDING ANRS MIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge P Eholie
- Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Département de Dermatologie et d'Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Didier K Ekouevi
- Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France; Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique, Lomé, Togo; Université de Lomé, Département Santé Publique, Lomé, Togo
| | - Corine Chazallon
- Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Service de virologie, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Eugène Messou
- Centre de Prise en Charge et de Formation (CePReF), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Zelica Diallo
- Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Département de Dermatologie et d'Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jacques Zoungrana
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso
| | - Albert Minga
- Centre Médical de Suivi des Donneurs de Sang (CMSDS-CNTSCI), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Denise Hawerlander
- Centre Intégré de Recherches Biocliniques d'Abidjan (CIRBA) Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Fassery Dembele
- Unité de soins ambulatoires et de conseil (USAC), CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Géraldine Colin
- Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Boris Tchounga
- Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Karcher
- Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérome Le Carrou
- Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Thomas-d'Aquin Toni
- Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; CeDReS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Guillaume Bado
- Unité de Virologie, CHU Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso
| | - Coumba Toure Kane
- Laboratoire de Bacteriologie, Virologie, CHU Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Moussa Seydi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHNU Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Armel Poda
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso
| | - Ephrem Mensah
- ONG espoir Vie Togo, Cente Medico-social, Licia Lomé, Togo
| | - Illah Diallo
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Yalgado OUEDRAOGO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Xavier Anglaret
- Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Françoise Brun-Vezinet
- Service de virologie, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
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Pasquier G, Andreotti Q, Ravel C, Sterkers Y. Molecular diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: a French study comparing a reference PCR method targeting kinetoplast DNA and a commercial kit targeting ribosomal DNA. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0215423. [PMID: 37819127 PMCID: PMC10714885 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02154-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE PCR revolutionized the direct diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially protozooses, where the infectious load is usually low. Commercial PCR methods are available and offer many advantages, including convenience and batch tracking as part of a quality system. For most parameters, the performance of commercial methods is at least as good as that of finely optimized methods developed in expert laboratories. This comparison work has not been done for the molecular diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmania sp. has a unique organelle, the kinetoplast, which corresponds to the mitochondrial DNA. It is organized into a large number of minicircles, which has made it a target for the development of diagnostic PCR. The quanty Leishmaniae, Clonit kit targeting ribosomal DNA was compared to a widely used laboratory-developed method based on kinetoplast DNA. This reference method gave significantly better results, probably due to the difference in the number of repeats of the PCR targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Pasquier
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University Hospital Center (CHU) of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Quentin Andreotti
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University Hospital Center (CHU) of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Ravel
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University Hospital Center (CHU) of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yvon Sterkers
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University Hospital Center (CHU) of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Guiraud V, Burrel S, Luyt CE, Boutolleau D. Prevalence and clinical relevance of VZV lung detection in intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study. J Clin Virol 2023; 164:105470. [PMID: 37120914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical relevance of varicella zoster virus (VZV) lung detection among patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS We present a monocentric retrospective cohort study from 2012 to 2020. VZV genome was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid by real-time PCR. RESULTS Twelve of 1389 (0.8%) patients exhibited VZV lung detection, corresponding to an incidence of 13.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.8-21.0) per 100 person-years. Immunosuppression and prolonged ICU stay constituted the main risks factors. VZV detection was not associated with pulmonary deterioration but associated with a risk of shingles occurrence during the following days. CONCLUSION VZV lung detection is a rare event among ICU patients, occurring mostly in immunocompromised patients with prolonged ICU stay. Due to its scarcity and the lack of association with pulmonary failure, a targeted approach to the VZV lung detection diagnosis may allow a significant cost saving without affecting the quality of patients care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Guiraud
- Centre National de Référence Herpèsvirus (Laboratoire Associé), AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR-S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.
| | - Sonia Burrel
- Centre National de Référence Herpèsvirus (Laboratoire Associé), AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR-S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France
| | - Charles-Edouard Luyt
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR-S 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - David Boutolleau
- Centre National de Référence Herpèsvirus (Laboratoire Associé), AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR-S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France
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Sghaier RM, Benhnini F, Guerfali FZ, Attia H, Bali A, Zaatour A, Mkannez G, Gharbi A, Belhaj-Hamida N, Dridi H, Ben-Salah A, Dellagi K, Laouini D. Healed Lesions of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused By Leishmania major Do Not Shelter Persistent Residual Parasites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:839216. [PMID: 35967864 PMCID: PMC9363604 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.839216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In human cutaneous leishmaniasis (HCL) caused by Leishmania (L.) major, the cutaneous lesions heal spontaneously and induce a Th1-type immunity that confers solid protection against reinfection. The same holds true for the experimental leishmaniasis induced by L. major in C57BL/6 mice where residual parasites persist after spontaneous clinical cure and induce sustainable memory immune responses and resistance to reinfection. Whether residual parasites also persist in scars of cured HCL caused by L. major is still unknown. Cutaneous scars from 53 volunteers with healed HCL caused by L. major were biopsied and the tissue sample homogenates were analyzed for residual parasites by four methods: i) microscope detection of amastigotes, ii) parasite culture by inoculation on biphasic medium, iii) inoculation of tissue exctracts to the footpad of BALB/c mice, an inbred strain highly susceptible to L. major, and iv) amplification of parasite kDNA by a highly sensitive real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Our results show that the scars of healed lesions of HCL caused by L. major do not contain detectable residual parasites, suggesting that this form likely induces a sterile cure at least within the scars. This feature contrasts with other Leishmania species causing chronic, diffuse, or recidivating forms of leishmaniasis where parasites do persist in healed lesions. The possibility that alternative mechanisms to parasite persistence are needed to boost and maintain long-term immunity to L. major, should be taken into consideration in vaccine development against L. major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiaa M. Sghaier
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fouad Benhnini
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Z. Guerfali
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hanène Attia
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aymen Bali
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amor Zaatour
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Service of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Mkannez
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Adel Gharbi
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Service of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Belhaj-Hamida
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Service of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Dridi
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Service of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Afif Ben-Salah
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Service of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Koussay Dellagi
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhafer Laouini
- LR16IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Dhafer Laouini, ;
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Mouinga-Ondémé A, Boundenga L, Koumba Koumba IP, Idam Mamimandjiami A, Diané A, Engone-Ondo JD, Djuicy DD, Sica J, Mombo LE, Gessain A, Aghokeng Fobang A. Human T-Lymphotropic virus type 1 and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in rural Gabon. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271320. [PMID: 35867643 PMCID: PMC9307203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) co-infection occur in many populations. People living with HIV-1 and infected with HTLV-1 seem more likely to progress rapidly towards AIDS. Both HTLV-1 and HIV-1 are endemic in Gabon (Central Africa). We investigated HTLV-1 and HIV-1 co-infection in the Haut-Ogooué province, and assessed factors that may favor the rapid evolution and progression to AIDS in co-infected patients. Methods Plasma samples from HTLV-1 patients were tested using ELISA, and positive samples were then tested by western blot assay (WB). We used the polymerase chain reaction to detect HTLV-1 Tax/Rex genes using DNA extracted from the buffy coat of ELISA-positives samples. Results We recruited 299 individuals (mean age 46 years) including 90 (30%) men and 209 (70%) women, all of whom are under treatment at the Ambulatory Treatment Centre of the province. Of these, 45 were ELISA HTLV-1/2 seropositive. According to WB criteria, 21 of 45 were confirmed positive: 20 were HTLV-1 (44%), 1 was HTLV-1/2 (2%), 2 were indeterminate (4%) and 22 were seronegative (49%). PCR results showed that 23 individuals were positive for the Tax/Rex region. Considering both serological and molecular assays, the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was estimated at 7.7%. Being a woman and increasing age were found to be independent risk factors for co-infection. Mean CD4+ cell counts were higher in HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infected (578.1 (± 340.8) cells/mm3) than in HIV-1 mono-infected (481.0 (± 299.0) cells/mm3) Individuals. Similarly, the mean HIV-1 viral load was Log 3.0 (± 1.6) copies/ml in mono-infected and Log 2.3 (± 0.7) copies/ml in coinfected individuals. Conclusion We described an overall high prevalence of HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infection in Gabon. Our findings stress the need of strategies to prevent and manage these co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Mouinga-Ondémé
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- * E-mail:
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Groupe Evolution et Transmission Inter-espèces des Pathogènes (GETIP), Département de Parasitologie, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Précilya Koumba Koumba
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Antony Idam Mamimandjiami
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Abdoulaye Diané
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jéordy Dimitri Engone-Ondo
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Delia Doreen Djuicy
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jeanne Sica
- Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Landry Erik Mombo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d’Epidémiologie et de Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes (EPVO), et CNRS UMR3569, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Avelin Aghokeng Fobang
- Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD – Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Chen H, Li N, Wang F, Wang L, Liang W. Carbapenem antibiotic stress increases bla KPC -2 gene relative copy number and bacterial resistance levels of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24519. [PMID: 35718993 PMCID: PMC9280016 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical isolation rates of carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR‐KP) continue to increase. In China, clinical CR‐KP isolates are mainly attributed to the blaKPC‐2 gene carried on plasmids, and the blaKPC‐2 copy number correlates with the expression of KPC enzymes, which can cause elevated carbapenem MICs. Methods Thirty‐seven CR‐KP isolates were collected at the Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City between January 2020 and March 2021, with no duplicate isolates, and were screened for the blaKPC‐2 gene with PCR. Analysis of current CRKP resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobials using the bioMérieux VITEK® 2 bacterial identification card. The multilocus sequence types of the strains were confirmed with PCR and DNA sequencing. Recombinant plasmids pET20b‐blaKPC‐2 and pET20b‐CpsG were constructed, and the copy numbers of the recombinant plasmids per unit volume was calculated based on the molecular weight of the plasmids. After the genomes DNA of clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae carrying the blaKPC‐2 gene were purified, the blaKPC‐2 gene relative copy number in individual K. pneumoniae strains was indicated by the double standard curve method. Detection of MIC values changes of K. pneumoniae under imipenem selection pressure by broth microdilution method. Results Among the 37 CR‐KP strains isolated, only the blaKPC‐2 gene was detected in 30 strains, three strains were positive for the blaNDM‐1 gene, two strains carried both the blaKPC‐2 and blaNDM‐1 genes, and two strains without detectable carbapenem resistance genes. The ST11 clone was predominant among the 37 carbapenem‐resistant K. pneumoniae isolates. Drug sensitivity testing showed that except for polymyxins (100% susceptible) and tigecycline (75.7% intermediate), the 37 CR‐KP strains were resistant to almost all antimicrobial drugs. The blaKPC‐2 relative copy number in nine ST11 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae was 7.64 ± 2.51 when grown on LB plates but 27.67 ± 13.04 when grown on LB plates containing imipenem. Among these nine isolates, five CRKP strains exhibited elevated MICs to imipenem, while the remaining four strains showed unchanged MIC values to imipenem. Conclusion Carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates may have multiple pathways to achieve high levels of carbapenem resistance, and moderate carbapenem pressure can increase the copy number of KPC enzyme genes in CRKP strains and enhance the degree of carbapenem resistance in the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Lianyungang Second People's Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Na Li
- Lianyungang Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Lianyungang Second People Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Lianyungang Second People's Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, China
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7
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Descamps V, Gautheret‐Dejean A, Pelletier A, Bonnafous P, Deschamps L, Prusty BK. Chronic persistent HHV-6B infection after sulfasalazine-induced DRESS with demonstration of HHV-6 encoded small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in Crohn's-like colitis: Case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:841-844. [PMID: 33598255 PMCID: PMC7869345 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A sulfasalazine-induced DRESS (Drug Reactivation with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) was complicated by a Crohn's-like colitis. We demonstrated HHV-6 reactivation with presence of HHV-6 DNA and small noncoding RNA in colonic lesions. This observation confirms the major role of HHV-6 reactivation in DRESS manifestations and the importance of looking for HHV-6 reactivation in DRESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Descamps
- Department of DermatologyBichat HospitalAPHP ParisParis 7 UniversityParisFrance
| | | | - Anne‐Laure Pelletier
- Department of GastroenterologyBichat HospitalAPHP ParisParis 7 UniversityParisFrance
| | | | - Lydia Deschamps
- Department of PathologyBichat HospitalAPHP ParisParis 7 UniversityParisFrance
| | - Bhupesh K. Prusty
- Institute for Virology and ImmunobiologyUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
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8
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Hounkpe BW, Chenou F, de Lima F, De Paula E. HRT Atlas v1.0 database: redefining human and mouse housekeeping genes and candidate reference transcripts by mining massive RNA-seq datasets. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:D947-D955. [PMID: 32663312 PMCID: PMC7778946 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Housekeeping (HK) genes are constitutively expressed genes that are required for the maintenance of basic cellular functions. Despite their importance in the calibration of gene expression, as well as the understanding of many genomic and evolutionary features, important discrepancies have been observed in studies that previously identified these genes. Here, we present Housekeeping and Reference Transcript Atlas (HRT Atlas v1.0, www.housekeeping.unicamp.br) a web-based database which addresses some of the previously observed limitations in the identification of these genes, and offers a more accurate database of human and mouse HK genes and transcripts. The database was generated by mining massive human and mouse RNA-seq data sets, including 11 281 and 507 high-quality RNA-seq samples from 52 human non-disease tissues/cells and 14 healthy tissues/cells of C57BL/6 wild type mouse, respectively. User can visualize the expression and download lists of 2158 human HK transcripts from 2176 HK genes and 3024 mouse HK transcripts from 3277 mouse HK genes. HRT Atlas also offers the most stable and suitable tissue selective candidate reference transcripts for normalization of qPCR experiments. Specific primers and predicted modifiers of gene expression for some of these HK transcripts are also proposed. HRT Atlas has also been integrated with a regulatory elements resource from Epiregio server.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francine Chenou
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Franciele de Lima
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Erich Vinicius De Paula
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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9
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Samri A, Charpentier C, Diallo MS, Bertine M, Even S, Morin V, Oudin A, Parizot C, Collin G, Hosmalin A, Cheynier R, Thiébaut R, Matheron S, Collin F, Zoorob R, Brun-Vézinet F, Autran B. Limited HIV-2 reservoirs in central-memory CD4 T-cells associated to CXCR6 co-receptor expression in attenuated HIV-2 infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007758. [PMID: 31095640 PMCID: PMC6541300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The low pathogenicity and replicative potential of HIV-2 are still poorly understood. We investigated whether HIV-2 reservoirs might follow the peculiar distribution reported in models of attenuated HIV-1/SIV infections, i.e. limited infection of central-memory CD4 T lymphocytes (TCM). Antiretroviral-naive HIV-2 infected individuals from the ANRS-CO5 (12 non-progressors, 2 progressors) were prospectively included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were sorted into monocytes and resting CD4 T-cell subsets (naive [TN], central- [TCM], transitional- [TTM] and effector-memory [TEM]). Reactivation of HIV-2 was tested in 30-day cultures of CD8-depleted PBMCs. HIV-2 DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Cell surface markers, co-receptors and restriction factors were analyzed by flow-cytometry and multiplex transcriptomic study. HIV-2 DNA was undetectable in monocytes from all individuals and was quantifiable in TTM from 4 individuals (median: 2.25 log10 copies/106 cells [IQR: 1.99–2.94]) but in TCM from only 1 individual (1.75 log10 copies/106 cells). HIV-2 DNA levels in PBMCs (median: 1.94 log10 copies/106 PBMC [IQR = 1.53–2.13]) positively correlated with those in TTM (r = 0.66, p = 0.01) but not TCM. HIV-2 reactivation was observed in the cells from only 3 individuals. The CCR5 co-receptor was distributed similarly in cell populations from individuals and donors. TCM had a lower expression of CXCR6 transcripts (p = 0.002) than TTM confirmed by FACS analysis, and a higher expression of TRIM5 transcripts (p = 0.004). Thus the low HIV-2 reservoirs differ from HIV-1 reservoirs by the lack of monocytic infection and a limited infection of TCM associated to a lower expression of a potential alternative HIV-2 co-receptor, CXCR6 and a higher expression of a restriction factor, TRIM5. These findings shed new light on the low pathogenicity of HIV-2 infection suggesting mechanisms close to those reported in other models of attenuated HIV/SIV infection models. HIV-2 induces a still poorly understood attenuated infection compared to HIV-1. We investigated whether this infection might follow peculiarities associated with other models of attenuated HIV-1/SIV infection, i.e. a limited infection of a key subset of memory CD4 T lymphocytes, the central-memory ones (TCM). Thus we studied the infection rates in peripheral blood cells from 14 untreated HIV-2 infected individuals from the ANRS-CO5 HIV-2 cohort, and found; 1) a lack of infection of monocytes, 2) extremely low infection in central-memory CD4+ T lymphocytes while HIV-2 predominated in the transitional-memory cells, 3) a poor replicative capacity of HIV-2 in individuals cells. We then investigated the cellular expression of a hundred-host genes potentially involved in HIV-2 control. We found in individuals’ TCM cells, compared to TTM ones, a lower expression of CXCR6, a potentially alternative co-receptor of HIV-2 but not of HIV-1, and a higher expression of TRIM5α, a restriction factor to which HIV-2 is more sensitive than HIV-1. Altogether our findings shed new light on the low pathogenicity of HIV-2 suggesting mechanisms close to those reported in other models of attenuated HIV/SIV infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Samri
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm 1135, Centre d’immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- IAME, UMR 1137, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mariama Sadjo Diallo
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm 1135, Centre d’immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Bertine
- IAME, UMR 1137, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Even
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm 1135, Centre d’immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Morin
- Sorbonne-Université, Inserm 1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Oudin
- Sorbonne-Université, Inserm 1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm 1135, Centre d’immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Collin
- IAME, UMR 1137, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Cheynier
- Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health, INRIA SISTM, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Matheron
- Inserm, IAME, UMR 1137, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Bichat, HUPNVS, Paris, France
| | - Fideline Collin
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health, INRIA SISTM, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rima Zoorob
- Sorbonne-Université, Inserm 1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Brigitte Autran
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm 1135, Centre d’immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (FBV); (BA)
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10
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Joseph MM, Narayanan N, Nair JB, Karunakaran V, Ramya AN, Sujai PT, Saranya G, Arya JS, Vijayan VM, Maiti KK. Exploring the margins of SERS in practical domain: An emerging diagnostic modality for modern biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2018; 181:140-181. [PMID: 30081304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Excellent multiplexing capability, molecular specificity, high sensitivity and the potential of resolving complex molecular level biological compositions augmented the diagnostic modality of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in biology and medicine. While maintaining all the merits of classical Raman spectroscopy, SERS provides a more sensitive and selective detection and quantification platform. Non-invasive, chemically specific and spatially resolved analysis facilitates the exploration of SERS-based nano probes in diagnostic and theranostic applications with improved clinical outcomes compared to the currently available so called state-of-art technologies. Adequate knowledge on the mechanism and properties of SERS based nano probes are inevitable in utilizing the full potential of this modality for biomedical applications. The safety and efficiency of metal nanoparticles and Raman reporters have to be critically evaluated for the successful translation of SERS in to clinics. In this context, the present review attempts to give a comprehensive overview about the selected medical, biomedical and allied applications of SERS while highlighting recent and relevant outcomes ranging from simple detection platforms to complicated clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu M Joseph
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Nisha Narayanan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Jyothi B Nair
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Varsha Karunakaran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Adukkadan N Ramya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Palasseri T Sujai
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Giridharan Saranya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Jayadev S Arya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Vineeth M Vijayan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.
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11
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Girault I, Lidereau R, Bièche I. Trimodal GSTT1 and GSTM1 Genotyping Assay by Real-Time PCR. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080502000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes are characterized by the existence of a GST*0 null allele responsible for a lack of enzyme activity, with the respective null genotypes GSTT1*0/0 and GSTM1*0/0. The three resulting genotypes (GSTs*1/1, *1/0 and *0/0) are associated with a trimodal distribution of glutathione-conjugator activity. Previous epidemiological studies have only evaluated the cancer risk associated with the GST null genotype relative to the two GST carrier geno-® types (GSTs1*1/1 and *1/0). We developed GSTT1 and GSTM1 TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR assays to discriminate each of the three genotypes, with the albumin gene (ALB) as reference. The mean NGSTT1*1/1 value was 1.0 (95% confidence interval 0.80–1.20). The mean NGSTT1*1/0 value was 0.48 (95% CI 0.36–0.60). One (3.4%) of the 29 DNA samples yielded the GSTM1*1/1 genotype (NGSTM1*1/1 = 1), a frequency in keeping with the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. The mean NGSTM1*1/0 value was 0.50 (95% CI 0.42–0.58). All GSTT1*0/0 and GSTM1*0/0 samples yielded NGST values of 0 (Ct = 40); the frequencies of these genotypes (27.6% and 55.2%, respectively) were in keeping with published data. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 real-time PCR assays described here unambiguously discriminate each of the three existing genotypes which should be valuable for assessing the relative risk of cancer associated with each of the three GST genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Girault
- Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique, INSERM
U735, Centre René Huguenin, St-Cloud
| | - R. Lidereau
- Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique, INSERM
U735, Centre René Huguenin, St-Cloud
| | - I. Bièche
- Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique, INSERM
U735, Centre René Huguenin, St-Cloud
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire,
UPRES EA 3618, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université René
Descartes, Paris - France
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12
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New Highly Sensitive Real-Time PCR Assay for HIV-2 Group A and Group B DNA Quantification. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2850-2857. [PMID: 28701422 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00755-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-2 infection is characterized by a very low replication rate in most cases and low progression. This necessitates an approach to patient monitoring that differs from that for HIV-1 infection. Here, a new highly specific and sensitive method for HIV-2 DNA quantification was developed. The new test is based on quantitative real-time PCR targeting the long terminal repeat (LTR) and gag regions and using an internal control. Analytical performance was determined in three laboratories, and clinical performance was determined on blood samples from 63 patients infected with HIV-2 group A (n = 35) or group B (n = 28). The specificity was 100%. The 95% limit of detection was three copies/PCR and the limit of quantification was six copies/PCR. The within-run coefficients of variation were between 1.03% at 3.78 log10 copies/PCR and 27.02% at 0.78 log10 copies/PCR. The between-run coefficient of variation was 5.10%. Both manual and automated nucleic acid extraction methods were validated. HIV-2 DNA loads were detectable in blood cells from all 63 patients. When HIV-2 DNA was quantifiable, median loads were significantly higher in antiretroviral-treated than in naive patients and were similar for groups A and B. HIV-2 DNA load was correlated with HIV-2 RNA load (r = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4 to 0.8; P < 0.0001). Our data show that this new assay is highly sensitive and quantifies the two main HIV-2 groups, making it useful for the diagnosis of HIV-2 infection and for pathogenesis studies on HIV-2 reservoirs.
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13
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Nefzi F, Lambert C, Gautheret-Dejean A, Fisson S, Khebizi Q, Khelif A, Agut H, Aouni M. Cytokine and cellular responses to human herpesvirus-6B in patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:770-777. [PMID: 27862208 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Primary infection with human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), is followed by its lifelong persistence in the host. Most T-cell responses to HHV-6 have been characterized using peripheral blood from healthy adults; however, the role of HHV-6 infection in immune modulation has not been elucidated for some diseases. Therefore, in this study the immune response to HHV-6 infection in patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) was analyzed. HHV-6 load was quantified in blood samples taken at the time of diagnosis of leukemia and on remission. The same concentrations of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17a, TNF-α and IFN-γ) were detected in plasma samples from 20 patients with and 20 without detectable HHV-6 virus loads in blood. Characterization of T-cell responses to HHV-6 showed low specific T-cells frequencies of 2.08% and 1.46% in patients with and without detectable viral loads, respectively. IFN-γ-producing T cells were detected in 0.03%-0.23% and in 0%-0.2% of CD4+T cells, respectively. Strong production of IL-6 was detected in medium supernatants of challenged T-cells whatever the HHV-6 status of the patients (973.51 ± 210.06 versus 825.70 ± 210.81 pg/mL). However, concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ were low. Thus, no association between plasma concentrations of cytokines and detection of HHV-6 in blood was identified, suggesting that HHV-6 is not strongly associated with development of B-ALL. The low viral loads detected may correspond with latently infected cells. Alternatively, HHV-6B specific immune responses may be below the detection threshold of the assays used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Nefzi
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Claude Lambert
- Immunology Laboratory, Georges Friedel Laboratory (CNRS UMR5307); University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, 44 Rue Pointe Cadet, 42100 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Agnès Gautheret-Dejean
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases of Paris (UMRS CR7), Persistent Viral Infections Team, 4 Jussieu Place, 75005, Paris, France.,Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris, University Hospitals Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Virology Service, 3 Avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Fisson
- INSERM U951, University of Evry Val d'Essonne, UMR_S951, Genethon, F-91002 Evry, France
| | - Quentin Khebizi
- INSERM U951, University of Evry Val d'Essonne, UMR_S951, Genethon, F-91002 Evry, France
| | - Abderrahim Khelif
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Henri Agut
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases of Paris (UMRS CR7), Persistent Viral Infections Team, 4 Jussieu Place, 75005, Paris, France.,Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris, University Hospitals Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Virology Service, 3 Avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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14
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Virome characterisation from Guthrie cards in children who later developed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:1008-1014. [PMID: 27552439 PMCID: PMC5061901 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Some childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL) can be traced back to a prenatal origin, where a virus infection could be involved in the first pre-leukaemic clone development. The DNA virome of 95 children who later developed ALL was characterised from neonatal blood spots (NBS) using unbiased next-generation sequencing (NGS) and compared with the virome of 95 non-ALL controls. Methods: DNA was individually extracted from the ALL-patients and controls, pooled, randomly amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq Sequencing System. Results: Virus-like sequences identified in both groups mapped to human endogenous retroviruses and propionibacterium phage, considered a part of the normal microbial flora. Potential pathogens human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) and parvovirus B19 were also identified, but only few samples in both ALL and controls tested positive by PCR follow-up. Conclusions: Unbiased NGS was employed to search for DNA from potential infectious agents in neonatal samples of children who later developed ALL. Although several viral candidates were identified in the NBS samples, further investigation by PCR suggested that these viruses did not have a major role in ALL development.
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Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in SERS and its potential to detect multiple biomolecules in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Laing
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology
- WestCHEM
- Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Technology and Innovation Centre
| | - Kirsten Gracie
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology
- WestCHEM
- Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Technology and Innovation Centre
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology
- WestCHEM
- Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Technology and Innovation Centre
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16
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Luquain A, Belglaiaa E, Guenat D, Vrecko S, Riethmuller D, Valmary-Degano S, Bedgedjian I, Chouham S, Prétet JL, Mougin C. High prevalence of abnormal cervical smears in a hospital cohort of French women beyond the upper age limit screening program. Prev Med 2015; 81:157-62. [PMID: 26348451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of cytological abnormalities and high risk Human PapillomaVirus (hrHPV) in cervical smears from French women aged over 65 years who attended the referent Gynecology Clinic of the Besançon University Hospital. METHODS Between 2002 and 2012, 796 French women aged 66-99 years were cotested for cytology and hrHPV by Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2). hc2-positive cases were subjected to real time PCR for specific HPV 16/18/45 genotyping. Women with normal Pap smears and positive for hrHPV were followed-up every 12 months. RESULTS Cytological abnormalities were detected in more than 30% of women and cervical cancers (CC) in 2.9% of women. Benign lesions were more frequent in women aged 66-75 years while (pre)-malignant lesions were preferentially found in women over 76. The prevalence of hrHPV was 22.7%. HPV 16 was the most frequent (23.8%), followed by HPV 45 (7.7%) and HPV 18 (3.9%). The rate of hrHPV increased with the lesion severity and HPV 16 was identified in 50% of CC. Among the followed-up women, those who developed CIN3 were HPV16 positive at study entry. CONCLUSION The study provides important estimates of the prevalence of cervical abnormalities and hrHPV positivity in a French hospital based-population over 65. Findings suggest to consider this high risk population in regards to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Luquain
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, F-25000, France.
| | - Essaada Belglaiaa
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Maroc; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, CIC-1431F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - David Guenat
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, F-25000, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Sindy Vrecko
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Didier Riethmuller
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, F-25000, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, CIC-1431F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Séverine Valmary-Degano
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, F-25000, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, CIC-1431F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | | | - Said Chouham
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Maroc.
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, F-25000, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, CIC-1431F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Christiane Mougin
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, F-25000, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, CIC-1431F-25000 Besançon, France.
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17
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Strawa K, Markowska A, Miśkiewicz P, Kuś A, Ambroziak U, Szymański K, Zbiec R, Spólnicka M, Krajewski P, Bednarczuk T, Płoski R. Increased concentration of T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC) in peripheral blood in Graves' disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:769-74. [PMID: 24815998 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC) are circular DNA molecules generated during T-cell maturation in the thymus. Recent studies suggested that a decreased TREC concentration in peripheral blood may be a general feature of autoimmunity. Our purpose was to assess the TREC concentration in Graves' disease (GD). METHODS TREC concentration was assessed by real time PCR in DNA samples isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes among younger (n = 94, age range 6-29 years) and older patients with GD (n = 93, age range 57-80 years) and age-matched controls (n = 206). RESULTS TREC concentration decreased with age in all subjects, but it was significantly higher in GD compared with controls (P = 9·4 × 10(-10) ). TREC concentration was higher (P = 0·0038) in hyperthyroid (n = 78) than euthyroid (n = 82) patients with GD, but in both groups, it remained increased relative to controls (P = 2·2 × 10(-11) and P = 4·4 ×10(-7) , respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients with GD, particularly those with hyperthyroidism, have increased concentration of TREC which may suggest increased rather than decreased thymic activity. Thus, GD does not follow the paradigm suggested for other autoimmune disorders which links autoimmunity with thymic senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Strawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Nefzi F, Ben Salem NA, Khelif A, Feki S, Aouni M, Gautheret-Dejean A. Quantitative analysis of human herpesvirus-6 and human cytomegalovirus in blood and saliva from patients with acute leukemia. J Med Virol 2014; 87:451-60. [PMID: 25163462 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNAs were quantified by real-time PCR assays in blood and saliva obtained from 50 patients with acute leukemia at the time of diagnosis (50 of each matrix), aplasia (65 of each matrix), remission (55 of each matrix), and relapse (20 of each matrix) to evaluate which biological matrix was more suitable to identify a viral reactivation, search for a possible link between HHV-6 and HCMV reactivations, and evaluate the relations between viral loads and count of different leukocyte types in blood. The median HHV-6 loads were 136; 219; 226, and 75 copies/million cells in blood at diagnosis, aplasia, remission and relapse, respectively. The HCMV loads were 193 and 317 copies/million cells in blood at diagnosis and remission. In the saliva samples, the HHV-6 loads were 22,165; 15,238; 30,214, and 17,454 copies/million cells at diagnosis, aplasia, remission, and relapse, respectively. The HCMV loads were 8,991; 1,461; 2,980, and 4,283 copies/million cells at diagnosis, aplasia, remission, and relapse, respectively. The HHV-6 load in the blood was correlated to the counts of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (R(2) = 0.5; P < 0.0001) and lymphocytes (R(2) = 0.4; P = 0.001) and was not correlated to the monocyte counts (R(2) = 0.07; P = 0.7). Saliva appears to be a more sensitive biological matrix than whole blood in the detection of HHV-6 or HCMV reactivations. The HHV-6 and HCMV reactivations were linked only in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Nefzi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biological Agents, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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19
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Godet AN, Soignon G, Koubi H, Bonnafous P, Agut H, Poirot C, Gautheret-Dejean A. Presence of HHV-6 genome in spermatozoa in a context of couples with low fertility: what type of infection? Andrologia 2014; 47:531-5. [PMID: 24846813 DOI: 10.1111/and.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a betaherpesvirus whose genome may integrate into human chromosomes. Chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (ciHHV-6) may be transmitted vertically from parents to children. HHV-6 DNA has been detected in semen, but its integrated or extrachromosomal status has not yet been characterised. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-6 DNA and to search for ciHHV-6 forms in spermatozoa purified from semen obtained from subjects explored for low fertility. A total of 184 sperm samples were purified using PureSperm(®) . HHV-6 viral load and species identification were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of 179 sperm specimens analysed, three were positive for HHV-6 (1.7%). Two samples (1.1%) had viral loads of 680 232 and 2 834 075 copies per million spermatozoa, compatible with loads expected for a ciHHV-6 form. The viral load of the third positive sample (73 684 copies per million spermatozoa) was lower than would be expected for ciHHV-6 infection, implying that the HHV-6 DNA detected in spermatozoa corresponds mainly to ciHHV-6. However, viral DNA may also be detected at a low level that is not in favour of the presence of ciHHV-6. Further studies are necessary to determine the origin of detected viral genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Godet
- Persistant Viral Infections Team, INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
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20
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Jeddi F, Piarroux R, Mary C. Application of the NucliSENS easyMAG system for nucleic acid extraction: optimization of DNA extraction for molecular diagnosis of parasitic and fungal diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:52. [PMID: 24331004 PMCID: PMC3859032 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2013051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During the last 20 years, molecular biology techniques have propelled the diagnosis of parasitic diseases into a new era, as regards assay speed, sensitivity, and parasite characterization. However, DNA extraction remains a critical step and should be adapted for diagnostic and epidemiological studies. The aim of this report was to document the constraints associated with DNA extraction for the diagnosis of parasitic diseases and illustrate the adaptation of an automated extraction system, NucliSENS easyMAG, to these constraints, with a critical analysis of system performance. Proteinase K digestion of samples is unnecessary with the exception of solid tissue preparation. Mechanically grinding samples prior to cell lysis enhances the DNA extraction rate of fungal cells. The effect of host-derived nucleic acids on the extraction efficiency of parasite DNA varies with sample host cell density. The optimal cell number for precise parasite quantification ranges from 10 to 100,000 cells. Using the NucliSENS easyMAG technique, the co-extraction of inhibitors is reduced, with an exception for whole blood, which requires supplementary extraction steps to eliminate inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhri Jeddi
- Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, UMR MD3, 13284 Marseille, France - APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Renaud Piarroux
- Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, UMR MD3, 13284 Marseille, France - APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Charles Mary
- Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, UMR MD3, 13284 Marseille, France - APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 13385 Marseille, France
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21
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Maeda Y, Yamaguchi T, Hijikata Y, Morita Y, Tanaka M, Hirase C, Takai S, Tatsumi Y, Kanamaru A. All-trans retinoic acid attacks reverse transcriptase resulting in inhibition of HIV-l replication. Hematology 2013; 12:263-6. [PMID: 17558705 DOI: 10.1080/10245330701255130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibited growth in HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines and fresh cells from patients with adult T-cell leukemia. Interestingly, ATRA significantly inhibited reverse transcriptase (RT) activity similar to azidothimidine (AZT) in HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines. To clarify whether ATRA has an inhibitory effect on the replication of HIV, we examined HIV proviral DNA in a HIV-1-positive cell line (8E5) using real time PCR. ATRA as well as AZT reduced the proviral DNA load of 8E5 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that there is a common element of ATRA signaling in both HTLV-1 and HIV. Furthermore, we examined the effects of ATRA on viral replication in primary lymphocytes of three individuals infected with HIV. ATRA reduced viral replication significantly similar to AZT. These findings suggested that ATRA acts as a RT inhibitor, reducing the HIV-1 proviral DNA load. Finally, we conclude that ATRA may be a potential therapeutic agent for HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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22
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Nahdi I, Abdelwahed RB, Boukoum H, Bressollette-Bodin C, Attia S, Yahia SB, Fisson S, Khairallah M, Aouni M. Herpesvirus detection and cytokine levels (IL-10, IL-6, and IFN-γ) in ocular fluid from Tunisian immunocompetent patients with uveitis. J Med Virol 2013; 85:2079-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Nahdi
- Laboratory of Contagious Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, LR99-ES27; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University; Monastir Tunisia
| | - Rym Ben Abdelwahed
- Laboratory of Contagious Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, LR99-ES27; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University; Monastir Tunisia
- National Institute of the Health and the Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 872; Research Center of the Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 University; Paris France
| | - Hannen Boukoum
- Laboratory of Contagious Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, LR99-ES27; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University; Monastir Tunisia
| | | | - Sonia Attia
- Ophthalmology Department; Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital; Tunisia
| | - Salim Ben Yahia
- Ophthalmology Department; Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital; Tunisia
| | - Sylvain Fisson
- National Institute of the Health and the Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 872; Research Center of the Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 University; Paris France
- Genethon, UMRS 951; University of Evry Val d'Essonne; Evry France
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Ophthalmology Department; Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital; Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratory of Contagious Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, LR99-ES27; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University; Monastir Tunisia
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GAPDH Pseudogenes and the Quantification of Feline Genomic DNA Equivalents. Mol Biol Int 2013; 2013:587680. [PMID: 23738070 PMCID: PMC3655645 DOI: 10.1155/2013/587680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is broadly used to detect and quantify nucleic acid targets. In order to determine cell copy number and genome equivalents, a suitable reference gene that is present in a defined number in the genome is needed, preferably as a single copy gene. For most organisms, a variable number of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) pseudogenes have been reported. However, it has been suggested that a single-copy of the GAPDH pseudogene is present in the feline genome and that a GAPDH assay can therefore be used to quantify feline genomic DNA (gDNA). The aim of this study was to determine whether one or more GAPDH pseudogenes are present in the feline genome and to provide a suitable alternative qPCR system for the quantification of feline cell copy number and genome equivalents. Bioinformatics and sequencing results revealed that not just one but several closely related GAPDH-like sequences were present in the cat genome. We thus identified, developed, optimized, and validated an alternative reference gene assay using feline albumin (fALB). Our data emphasize the need for an alternative reference gene, apart from the GAPDH pseudogene, for the normalization of gDNA levels. We recommend using the fALB qPCR assay for future studies.
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24
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Faten N, Agnès GD, Nadia BF, Nabil ABS, Monia Z, Abderrahim K, Henri A, Salma F, Mahjoub A. Quantitative analysis of human herpesvirus-6 genome in blood and bone marrow samples from Tunisian patients with acute leukemia: a follow-up study. Infect Agent Cancer 2012; 7:31. [PMID: 23146098 PMCID: PMC3527176 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-7-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Infectious etiology in lymphoproliferative diseases has always been suspected. The pathogenic roles of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in acute leukemia have been of great interest. Discordant results to establish a link between HHV-6 activation and the genesis of acute leukemia have been observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate a possible association between HHV-6 infection and acute leukemia in children and adults, with a longitudinal follow-up at diagnosis, aplasia, remission and relapse. METHODS HHV-6 load was quantified by a quantitative real-time PCR in the blood and bone marrow samples from 37 children and 36 adults with acute leukemia: 33 B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), 6 T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), 34 acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RESULTS HHV-6 was detected in 15%, 8%, 30% and 28% of the blood samples at diagnosis, aplasia, remission and relapse, respectively. The median viral loads were 138, 244, 112 and 78 copies/million cells at diagnosis, aplasia, remission and relapse, respectively. In the bone marrow samples, HHV-6 was detected in 5%, 20% and 23% of the samples at diagnosis, remission and relapse, respectively. The median viral loads were 34, 109 and 32 copies/million cells at diagnosis, remission and relapse, respectively. According to the type of leukemia at diagnosis, HHV-6 was detected in 19% of the blood samples and in 7% of the bone marrow samples (with median viral loads at 206 and 79 copies/million cells, respectively) from patients with B-ALL. For patients with AML, HHV-6 was present in 8% of the blood samples and in 4% of the bone marrow samples (with median viral loads at 68 and 12 copies/million cells, respectively). HHV-6 was more prevalent in the blood samples from children than from adults (25% and 9%, respectively) and for the bone marrow (11% and 0%, respectively). All typable HHV-6 were HHV-6B species. No link was shown between neither the clinical symptoms nor the abnormal karyotype and HHV-6 activation. A case of HHV-6 chromosomal integration was shown in one patient with AML. CONCLUSION This study confirms the absence of role of HHV-6 in the genesis of acute leukemia but the virus was reactivated after chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefzi Faten
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Gautheret-Dejean Agnès
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, ER1 DETIV, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Virology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ben Fredj Nadia
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abid Ben Salem Nabil
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zaier Monia
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Khelif Abderrahim
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Agut Henri
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, ER1 DETIV, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Virology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Feki Salma
- Department of Clinical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aouni Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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25
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Harper MM, Robertson B, Ricketts A, Faulds K. Specific detection of DNA through coupling of a TaqMan assay with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9412-4. [PMID: 22889872 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34859d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have combined the benefits of a TaqMan assay with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), to generate a novel DNA detection method which provides increased sensitivity, with clear applications for disease identification through clinical testing. Target DNA detection limits by SERS were shown to be lower than conventional fluorescence detection and clinically relevant samples of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were detected with high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi M Harper
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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26
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KI, WU, and Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA was not detected in guthrie cards of children who later developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34:364-7. [PMID: 22713707 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e318241fb52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal dried blood spots (Guthrie cards) have been used to demonstrate a prenatal origin of clonal leukemia-specific genetic aberrations in several subgroups of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). One hypothesis suggests that an infectious agent could initiate genetic transformation already in utero. In search for a possible viral agent, Guthrie cards were analyzed for the presence of 3 newly discovered polyomavirus Karolinska Institutet polymavirus (KIPyV), Washington University polyomavirus (WUPyV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). METHODS Guthrie cards from 50 children who later developed ALL and 100 matched controls were collected and analyzed by standard or real-time polymerase chain reaction for the presence of the VP1 region of KIPyV, WUPyV, and MCPyV, and the LT region for MCPyV. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS DNA from KIPyV, WUPyV, and MCPyV was not detected in neonatal blood samples from children with ALL or controls. Prenatal infections with these viruses are not likely to be etiological drivers for childhood leukemogenesis.
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Gaiffe E, Prétet JL, Launay S, Jacquin E, Saunier M, Hetzel G, Oudet P, Mougin C. Apoptotic HPV positive cancer cells exhibit transforming properties. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36766. [PMID: 22574222 PMCID: PMC3344932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that DNA can be transferred from dying engineered cells to neighboring cells through the phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies, which leads to cellular transformation. Here, we provide evidence of an uptake of apoptotic-derived cervical cancer cells by human mesenchymal cells. Interestingly, HeLa (HPV 18+) or Ca Ski (HPV16+) cells, harboring integrated high-risk HPV DNA but not C-33 A cells (HPV-), were able to transform the recipient cells. Human primary fibroblasts engulfed the apoptotic bodies effectively within 30 minutes after co-cultivation. This mechanism is active and involves the actin cytoskeleton. In situ hybridization of transformed fibroblasts revealed the presence of HPV DNA in the nucleus of a subset of phagocytosing cells. These cells expressed the HPV16/18 E6 gene, which contributes to the disruption of the p53/p21 pathway, and the cells exhibited a tumorigenic phenotype, including an increased proliferation rate, polyploidy and anchorage independence growth. Such horizontal transfer of viral oncogenes to surrounding cells that lack receptors for HPV could facilitate the persistence of the virus, the main risk factor for cervical cancer development. This process might contribute to HPV-associated disease progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Gaiffe
- Equipe d'Accueil 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- Equipe d'Accueil 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Sophie Launay
- Equipe d'Accueil 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Elise Jacquin
- Equipe d'Accueil 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Maëlle Saunier
- Equipe d'Accueil 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Geneviève Hetzel
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Oudet
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christiane Mougin
- Equipe d'Accueil 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- * E-mail:
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Arnott A, Vong S, Rith S, Naughtin M, Ly S, Guillard B, Deubel V, Buchy P. Human bocavirus amongst an all-ages population hospitalised with acute lower respiratory infections in Cambodia. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2012; 7:201-10. [PMID: 22531100 PMCID: PMC5780762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a novel parvovirus that is associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal tract disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of HBoV amongst hospitalized patients with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in Cambodia. STUDY DESIGN Samples were collected from 2773 patients of all ages hospitalised with symptoms of ALRI between 2007 and 2009. All samples were screened by multiplex RT-PCR/PCR for 18 respiratory viruses. All samples positive for HBoV were sequenced and included in this study. RESULTS Of the samples tested, 43 (1·5%) were positive for HBoV. The incidence of HBoV did not vary between the consecutive seasons investigated, and HBoV infections were detected year-round. The incidence of HBoV infection was highest in patients aged < 2 years, with pneumonia or bronchopneumonia the most common clinical diagnosis, regardless of age. A total of 19 patients (44%) were co-infected with HBoV and an additional respiratory pathogen. All isolates were classified as HBoV type 1 (HBoV-1). High conservation between Cambodian NP1 and V1V2 gene sequences was observed. CONCLUSIONS Human bocavirus infection can result in serious illness, however is frequently detected in the context of viral co-infection. Specific studies are required to further understand the true pathogenesis of HBoV in the context of severe respiratory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Arnott
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Quantitation of human herpesvirus-6A, -6B and -7 DNAs in whole blood, mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell fractions from healthy blood donors. J Clin Virol 2012; 53:151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Caïola D, Karras A, Flandre P, Boutolleau D, Scieux C, Agut H, Legendre C, Gautheret-Dejean A. Confirmation of the low clinical effect of human herpesvirus-6 and -7 infections after renal transplantation. J Med Virol 2012; 84:450-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Multiplex real-time PCR for the detection and quantitation of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 proviral load: addressing the issue of indeterminate HTLV results. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:38-44. [PMID: 21704554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine diagnosis of Human T Lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection is primarily serologically based; however the proportion of unresolved and indeterminate Western blot results range from 0.02% to 50% in endemic areas. OBJECTIVES To validate a sensitive in-house quantitative multiplex real-time assay (mqRT-PCR), capable of detecting and quantifying HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, and use it to differentiate unresolved serological profiles, and monitor infection in HTLV-1 infected patients. STUDY DESIGN The mqRT-PCR was designed as a single-tube assay. Quantitative results were reported as copy number of HTLV provirus per 10(6) cells and the numbers of cells were calculated based on the quantitative result for albumin, of which there are 2 copies/cell. Assay standards were amplified from HTLV-1 infected MT-2 cells and HTLV-2 transfected CEM cells. Blood samples were obtained from HTLV seropositive former blood donors. RESULTS The mqRT-PCR assay was efficient (98.8-101.2%), reproducible (coefficient of variance<5%) and sensitive to 1 copy for HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and Albumin. The assay resolved the infection profile in 16/17 patients, with undetermined subtype, all of which were reassigned as HTLV-1 infections. In addition, the average PVL detected in patients suffering from HTLV-1 associated HAM/TSP (n=23, 13,450 copies/10(6) cells) was significantly higher than those detected in asymptomatic carriers (n=21, 6665 copies/10(6) cells). CONCLUSIONS We propose a new testing algorithm for the laboratory diagnosis of HTLV infection, which includes HTLV specific mqRT-PCR for resolving HTLV serological results. Furthermore, quantitation of PVL load by real-time PCR may be useful in assessing the link between infection and disease, and in monitoring patients undergoing therapy.
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Nasreddine N, Borde C, Gozlan J, Bélec L, Maréchal V, Hocini H. Advanced glycation end products inhibit both infection and transmission in trans of HIV-1 from monocyte-derived dendritic cells to autologous T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 186:5687-95. [PMID: 21478402 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with carbohydrate metabolic alterations that may lead to diabetes. One consequence of hyperglycemia is the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that are involved in diabetes complications. We investigated the impact of AGEs on the infection of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) by HIV-1 and the ability of MDDCs to transmit the virus to T cells. We showed that AGEs could inhibit infection of MDDCs with primary R5-tropic HIV-1(Ba-L) by up to 85 ± 9.2% and with primary X4-tropic HIV-1(VN44) by up to 60 ± 8.5%. This inhibitory effect of AGEs was not prevented by a neutralizing anti-receptor for advanced glycation end products (anti-RAGE) Ab, demonstrating a RAGE-independent mechanism. Moreover, AGEs inhibited by 70-80% the transmission in trans of the virus to CD4 T cells. Despite the inhibitory effect of AGEs on both MDDC infection and virus transmission in trans, no inhibition of virus attachment to cell membrane was observed, confirming that attachment and transmission of the virus involve independent mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of AGEs on infection was associated with a RAGE-independent downregulation of CD4 at the cell membrane and by a RAGE-dependent repression of the CXCR4 and CCR5 HIV-1 receptors. AGEs induce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12, but not RANTES or MIP-1α, and did not lead to MDDC maturation as demonstrated by the lack of expression of the CD83 molecule. Taken together, our results suggest that AGEs can play an inhibiting role in HIV-1 infection in patients who accumulate circulating AGEs, including patients treated with protease inhibitors that developed diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/genetics
- CD4 Antigens/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Down-Regulation
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/immunology
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/physiology
- HIV Infections/virology
- HIV-1/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Immunoglobulins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Virus Attachment
- Virus Internalization
- Virus Replication
- CD83 Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nasreddine
- INSERM Unité 743, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris F-75006, France
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Leruez-Ville M, Vauloup-Fellous C, Couderc S, Parat S, Castel C, Avettand-Fenoel V, Guilleminot T, Grangeot-Keros L, Ville Y, Grabar S, Magny JF. Prospective identification of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborns using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays in dried blood spots. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:575-81. [PMID: 21292661 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a public health issue, and implementation of neonatal screening has been debated. Detection of CMV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of dried blood spots (DBS) routinely collected for metabolic screening from all newborns has been proposed for congenital CMV infection screening. The goal of this study was to prospectively assess the performance of 2 CMV PCR assays of DBS for CMV neonatal screening in a selected population of neonates. METHODS We studied prospective congenital CMV screening in a population of neonates either born with symptoms compatible with congenital CMV or born to mothers with a history of primary infection during pregnancy. For each neonate, 2 CMV PCR assays of DBS were blindly performed in parallel with a gold standard technique (ie, CMV PCR of a urine sample). RESULTS Two hundred seventy-one neonates were studied, and CMV infection, defined by a positive urine sample in the first week of life, was confirmed in 64 (23.6%). Nineteen infected (29.7%) neonates were symptomatic, and 45 (70.3%) were asymptomatic. The ranges of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the 2 CMV PCR assays of DBS were 95.0%-100%; 98.1%-99.0%; 94.1%-96.9%, and 98.5%-100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity and specificity of both CMV PCR assays of DBS to identify congenital CMV were very high in this population of neonates with a high risk of sequelae. These new data should be considered in the ongoing debate on the appropriateness of the use of DBS as a sample to screen for congenital CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Leruez-Ville
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Centre National de Référence du Cytomégalovirus-Laboratoire Associé, Paris, France.
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Soejima M, Koda Y. TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of FUT2 copy number variations: identification of novel Alu-mediated deletion. Transfusion 2011; 51:762-9. [PMID: 20880207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human FUT2 locus, which encodes a secretor-type α(1,2)fucosyltransferase, is known to be highly polymorphic. In addition to many single-nucleotide polymorphisms, three recombination alleles with a deletion of complete or partial FUT2 coding region have been reported. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To detect copy number variations (CNVs) of the FUT2 gene including three recombinant alleles by a high-throughput system, we developed a triplex TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The relative number of copies of two regions of the FUT2 gene, the 5' flanking (FUT2-5') and FUT2-promoter (Prom) regions, were determined by comparing the number of threshold cycles (Ct) to those of the albumin gene (ALB) as the internal control (ΔCt). RESULTS The mean 2(-ΔΔCt) values (FUT2-5'/ALB or Prom/ALB) obtained from 237 samples with known FUT2 copy numbers clearly differentiated two nonoverlapping intervals that corresponded to the one-copy-number samples ranging from 0.42 to 0.59 and two-copy-number samples ranging from 0.81 to 1.19; no FUT2-5' signal for recombination alleles was detected in homozygotes. Using this assay, we detected an individual in a Chinese population with a loss of one copy of the FUT2-5' region resulting from a novel Alu-mediated FUT2 deletion (approx. 4 kb). CONCLUSIONS The TaqMan real-time PCR method was able to detect the number of copies of FUT2 and distinguish different kinds of known CNVs. This system is robust, fast, and suitable for high-throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Soejima
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Human Genetics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Du F, Tang Z. Colorimetric Detection of PCR Product with DNAzymes Induced by 5′-Nuclease Activity of DNA Polymerases. Chembiochem 2010; 12:43-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mouinga-Ondémé A, Betsem E, Caron M, Makuwa M, Sallé B, Renault N, Saib A, Telfer P, Marx P, Gessain A, Kazanji M. Two distinct variants of simian foamy virus in naturally infected mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) and cross-species transmission to humans. Retrovirology 2010; 7:105. [PMID: 21156043 PMCID: PMC3009703 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Each of the pathogenic human retroviruses (HIV-1/2 and HTLV-1) has a nonhuman primate counterpart, and the presence of these retroviruses in humans results from interspecies transmission. The passage of another simian retrovirus, simian foamy virus (SFV), from apes or monkeys to humans has been reported. Mandrillus sphinx, a monkey species living in central Africa, is naturally infected with SFV. We evaluated the natural history of the virus in a free-ranging colony of mandrills and investigated possible transmission of mandrill SFV to humans. Results We studied 84 semi-free-ranging captive mandrills at the Primate Centre of the Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (Gabon) and 15 wild mandrills caught in various areas of the country. The presence of SFV was also evaluated in 20 people who worked closely with mandrills and other nonhuman primates. SFV infection was determined by specific serological (Western blot) and molecular (nested PCR of the integrase region in the polymerase gene) assays. Seropositivity for SFV was found in 70/84 (83%) captive and 9/15 (60%) wild-caught mandrills and in 2/20 (10%) humans. The 425-bp SFV integrase fragment was detected in peripheral blood DNA from 53 captive and 8 wild-caught mandrills and in two personnel. Sequence and phylogenetic studies demonstrated the presence of two distinct strains of mandrill SFV, one clade including SFVs from mandrills living in the northern part of Gabon and the second consisting of SFV from animals living in the south. One man who had been bitten 10 years earlier by a mandrill and another bitten 22 years earlier by a macaque were found to be SFV infected, both at the Primate Centre. The second man had a sequence close to SFVmac sequences. Comparative sequence analysis of the virus from the first man and from the mandrill showed nearly identical sequences, indicating genetic stability of SFV over time. Conclusion Our results show a high prevalence of SFV infection in a semi-free-ranging colony of mandrills, with the presence of two different strains. We also showed transmission of SFV from a mandrill and a macaque to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Mouinga-Ondémé
- Unité de Rétrovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
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Berthomé M, Gallot G, Vivien R, Clémenceau B, Nguyen JM, Coste-Burel M, Vié H. Viral DNA contamination is responsible for Epstein-Barr virus detection in cytotoxic T lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with Epstein-Barr virus B-lymphoblastoid cell line. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1867-75. [PMID: 20809356 PMCID: PMC11030803 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) are used to prepare human EBV-specific T lymphocytes (EBV-CTL) in vitro. Within an LCL, up to 5-7% the cells release infectious EBV, and this has fostered safety concerns for therapeutic applications because of the exposure of T cells to EBV. The release of infectious viruses can be prevented by ganciclovir, but this drug may seriously affect LCL growth. In the wake of these concerns, the present work was designed to compile safety data on EBV-CTL preparation for the purpose of submission to a regulatory agency. We showed that further to supernatant exclusion, the number of EBV genome copies (EBVc) associated with the EBV-CTL always made up a constant proportion of the EBVc number detected in the culture supernatant. In addition, such was the case whether infectious virus could be produced by the LCL or not, suggesting that the EBV signal detected was due to a DNA contamination rather than an infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the number of EBVc associated with the EBV-CTL was highly sensitive to DNAse treatment, and finally that EBVc could no longer be detected after the EBV-CTL had been amplified in the absence of LCL. Consequently, during in vitro EBV-CTL preparation, either T cells cannot be infected or they die rapidly after EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Berthomé
- Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique de l’Université de Nantes, UMR INSERM, U892, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France
- Univ Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Géraldine Gallot
- Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique de l’Université de Nantes, UMR INSERM, U892, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France
- Univ Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Régine Vivien
- Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique de l’Université de Nantes, UMR INSERM, U892, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France
- Univ Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Clémenceau
- Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique de l’Université de Nantes, UMR INSERM, U892, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France
- Univ Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Nguyen
- Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique de l’Université de Nantes, UMR INSERM, U892, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France
- Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Marianne Coste-Burel
- Univ Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Henri Vié
- Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique de l’Université de Nantes, UMR INSERM, U892, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France
- Univ Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
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Vaucel E, Coste-Burel M, Laboisse C, Dahlab A, Lopes P. Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical samples collected in routine clinical practice at the Nantes University Hospital, France. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 284:989-98. [PMID: 21107591 PMCID: PMC3171668 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-010-1747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the human papillomavirus (HPV) overall and type-specific prevalence in smears collected during routine clinical practice. DESIGN HPV genotyping and smears were performed independently between 2000 and 2006 for routine clinical follow-up (primary screening and follow-up) in the University Hospital of Nantes, France. POPULATION All women with a cytological sample collected no more than 12 months before HPV genotyping were included. METHODS PCR was performed with MY09/MY11 primers and genotyping by sequencing PCR product. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall and genotype-specific HPV prevalence were assessed according to cytological diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 1,255 women were included (mean age 37.5 years). The proportion of high-risk (HR) HPV positive samples increased according to cytological diagnosis severity from 8% in normal specimens to 21% in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 49% in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 75% in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (p < 0.001). Among 980 women with normal cytology, the overall HPV prevalence varied according to age from 44% below 20 years to about 10% above 35 years (p < 0.001). The most prevalent HPV genotype in all cytological diagnoses was HPV 16. HPV 53 appeared as the second most common genotype in normal cytological samples (10.9% of HPV positive samples) but its prevalence decreased in HSIL to less than 4%. CONCLUSION The proportion of HR HPV positive women increased according to cytological diagnosis severity. HPV 16 appeared as the most commonly encountered genotype even when the diagnosis was normal. Its prevalence increased with diagnosis severity hereby confirming that HPV 16 is more aggressive than other genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Vaucel
- CHU de Nantes, Pôle Mère-Enfant, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, 7 quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
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Abad S, Kitz K, Hörmann A, Schreiner U, Hartner FS, Glieder A. Real-time PCR-based determination of gene copy numbers inPichia pastoris. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:413-20. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Adenovirus DNA in Guthrie cards from children who develop acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Br J Cancer 2010; 102:796-8. [PMID: 20197772 PMCID: PMC2833262 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In search of a proposed viral aetiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the common species C adenoviruses were analysed in Guthrie cards. METHODS Guthrie cards from 243 children who later developed ALL and from 486 matched controls were collected and analysed by nested polymerase chain reaction for the presence of adenovirus DNA. RESULTS Adenovirus DNA was reliably detected from only two subjects, both of whom developed ALL. CONCLUSION Adenovirus DNA is detected in Guthrie card samples at too low a frequency to reveal an association between adenovirus and the development of leukaemia.
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Chromosomally integrated HHV-6: slow decrease of HHV-6 viral load after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Transplantation 2010; 88:1142-3. [PMID: 19898212 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181bb98e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saïdi H, Carbonneil C, Magri G, Eslahpazir J, Sekaly RP, Bélec L. Differential modulation of CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus–1 transfer from macrophages towards T cells under interleukin-4/interleukin-13 microenvironment. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dina J, Nguyen E, Gouarin S, Petitjean J, Parienti JJ, Nimal D, Brouard J, Freymuth F, Vabret A. Development of duplex real-time PCR for detection of two DNA respiratory viruses. J Virol Methods 2009; 162:119-25. [PMID: 19654024 PMCID: PMC7112853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A method was developed for the detection and quantitation of HAdV (human adenovirus) and HBoV (human bocavirus) based on a duplex real-time PCR, the AB PCR, using a Smartcycler instrument. A control real-time PCR was carried out on albumin DNA to standardise the non-homogenous respiratory samples. No cross-reactivity was observed with viruses or bacteria that could be found in the respiratory tract. The diagnosis rate using the AB PCR on clinical samples was 10.7%: 3.4% for HBoV detection, 6.9% for HAdV detection and 0.3% double detection HBoV-HAdV. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the HAdV- and HBoV-infected patients were evaluated. In the HAdV-positive group and the HBoV-positive group the samples were classified according to the severity of the disease. The HAdV viral load did not appear to be linked to the severity of the disease. Conversely, the difference between the two HBoV groups, severe and non-severe, was significant statistically when the comparison was based on the viral load (P=0.006) or after adjustment of the viral load to the number of cells in the samples (P=0.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dina
- Department of Virology, University Hospital of Caen, Avenue Georges Clemenceau, 14033 Caen Cedex, France.
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Gautheret-Dejean A, Henquell C, Mousnier F, Boutolleau D, Bonnafous P, Dhédin N, Settegrana C, Agut H. Different expression of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) load in whole blood may have a significant impact on the diagnosis of active infection. J Clin Virol 2009; 46:33-6. [PMID: 19505844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral load in whole blood is the main virological marker for assessing HHV-6 infection and is used as an indication to begin antiviral therapy. Results are usually expressed as the number of genomic equivalent copies (gec) per mL of blood, although HHV-6 DNA in blood is mainly localized in lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. OBJECTIVES Since leukocyte counts vary in immunocompromised patients, especially in stem cell transplant recipients, the aim of this study was to compare HHV-6 load expressed as gec per mL with load expressed as gec per million cells (mc), using quantitative real-time PCR for HHV-6 and cell DNA. STUDY DESIGN 194 blood samples from 101 patients were analyzed. Leukocyte count was obtained for 142 samples. RESULTS The two modes of expression were incompletely correlated (p<0.0001; R(2)=0.732). To understand this relative discrepancy, samples were classified according to hematological criteria (normal leukocyte count, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, lymphopenia). The expression modes were correlated in all cases except for agranulocytosis (p=0.21; R(2)=0.087). Moreover, the median of ratio between gec per mc and gec per mL ranged from 0.5 when leukocyte count was normal, to 8.2 in cases of agranulocytosis. HHV-6 load follow-up suggested that in agranulocytosis expressing results as gec per mc tended to provide a more representative result. CONCLUSIONS The different expression of HHV-6 load in whole blood, as either gec per mL or gec per mc resulted in different estimations of infection in the case of agranulocytosis. In this situation, the latter mode of expression is preferred.
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Evaluation of sensitivities and specificities of SARS-CoV detection by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays. Virol Sin 2009. [PMCID: PMC7090980 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-009-3021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was identified as a new coronavirus, termed SARS-CoV. Establishment of an efficient and sensitive diagnostic system of SARS-CoV genetic materials is crucial for SARS control. In this study, we quantified SARS-CoV mRNAs in both infected cell culture lysate and in supernatant by using Real-time quantitative revere transcription-PCR based on EvaGreen™ dye and Taqman-MGB probes. For extensive evaluation of sensitivities and specificities, 13 pairs of primers and 4 probes were designed based on different genes of SARS-CoV. Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was selected as the internal control gene. Results showed that S-gene-specific PCR was the most sensitive for detection, but because of its sequence variability in the different viral strains, primers and a probe based on the N gene were suitable substitutions. Meanwhile, we found the mRNA concentrations in cell culture lysates were much higher than in cell supernatant and facilited more sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV.
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Timofeeva M, Jäger B, Rosenberger A, Sauter W, Wichmann HE, Bickeböller H, Risch A. A multiplex real-time PCR method for detection of GSTM1 and GSTT1 copy numbers. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:500-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Quéreux G, André-Garnier E, Knol AC, Imbert-Marcille BM, Dréno B. Evaluation of the role of human herpes virus 6 and 8 in parapsoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:357-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jeulin H, Salmon A, Gautheret-Dejean A, Agut H, Bordigoni P, Fortier B, Venard V. Contribution of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) viral load in whole blood and serum to investigate integrated HHV-6 transmission after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Clin Virol 2009; 45:43-6. [PMID: 19321385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is susceptible to latency and recurrence. A less-frequent form of HHV-6 persistence is the integration of viral DNA into host chromosomes. OBJECTIVES To investigate HHV-6 viral load after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in whole blood (WB) and serum with regard to integrated HHV-6 transmission diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN HHV-6 DNA quantitation in serum and WB was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the follow-up of a 16-year-old girl after HSCT. In whole blood, results were expressed as HHV-6 genomic equivalent copies (gec) per milliliter of WB or per million cells. RESULTS HHV-6 viral load (undetectable before HSCT) increased up to 3.05 x 10(7)gec/10(6)cells. HHV-6 viral load in the donor sample (3.44 x 10(6)gec/10(6)cells) was in favor of viral transmission through HSCT. The correlation between viral load in WB and serum was significant (p=0.0005). Viral load results expressed as gec/10(6)cells in WB was more reliable than results expressed as gec/ml of whole blood. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that HHV-6 may be transmitted during HSCT as integrated virus contained in the graft. This reiterates that in the setting of HSCT, HHV-6 viral load must be correctly interpreted. Using HHV-6 viral load expressed as gec/10(6) cells may be more suitable for the follow-up of patients with integrated HHV-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Jeulin
- Laboratoire Central de Virologie, CHU de Nancy Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Cellular normalization of viral DNA loads on whole blood improves the clinical management of cytomegalovirus or Epstein Barr virus infections in the setting of pre-emptive therapy. J Med Virol 2008; 81:90-8. [PMID: 19031462 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two quantitative duplex real-time PCR assays were developed for co-amplification of human albumin and cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein Barr virus (EBV) genes after automated extraction on whole blood, and compared two units for expressing viral DNA loads (copies per ml of blood or per 10(6) peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs)) on 1,138 positive samples. Both PCRs were characterized by high sensitivity, reproducibility, and linear range. Automated extraction by a MagNA Pure LC Instrument was shown to be more efficient when peripheral blood cell count was inferior to 5 x 10(9) PBLs/L. Albumin co-amplification allows the detection of PCR inhibitors and normalization of viral load according to the number of cells calculated in the sample. The two ways of expressing viral load results were highly correlated, but quantitative differences varied in relation to variations of blood cell count. As these two viruses are highly cell associated, viral loads can be underestimated in patients with leucopenia. In the setting of pre-emptive strategies during CMV infection, the units in which results are expressed can influence clinical management, as illustrated in this article.
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Candidate polyanionic microbicides inhibit human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 receptor interactions, cell-free infection, and cell-cell spread. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 53:678-87. [PMID: 19047654 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01550-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the cause of adult T-cell leukemia and inflammatory diseases including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. HTLV-1 can be transmitted through sexual contact, mother-to-child transmission, and exposure to contaminated blood. Microbicides are agents that interfere with microbial infectivity at mucous membranes, and candidates are under development for use against sexually transmitted viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1. We previously demonstrated that cell surface polyanionic heparan sulfate proteoglycans bind the HTLV-1 envelope glycoprotein surface subunit gp46, facilitating cell-cell and cell-free virus spread in vitro. We now show, using assays for Env-receptor binding inhibition, Env-induced cell-cell fusion, cell-cell virus spread, and pseudotype HTLV-1 infectivity, that the soluble polyanions PRO 2000 and dextran sulfate are potent inhibitors of HTLV-1 spread in vitro, with PRO 2000 being the more promising candidate. The results of these studies suggest that candidate topical microbicides may be of use in reducing HTLV-1 sexual transmission.
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