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Barbosa J, Faria J, Garcez F, Leal S, Afonso LP, Nascimento AV, Moreira R, Queirós O, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Repeated Administration of Clinical Doses of Tramadol and Tapentadol Causes Hepato- and Nephrotoxic Effects in Wistar Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13070149. [PMID: 32664348 PMCID: PMC7407499 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol and tapentadol are fully synthetic and extensively used analgesic opioids, presenting enhanced therapeutic and safety profiles as compared with their peers. However, reports of adverse reactions, intoxications and fatalities have been increasing. Information regarding the molecular, biochemical, and histological alterations underlying their toxicological potential is missing, particularly for tapentadol, owing to its more recent market authorization. Considering the paramount importance of liver and kidney for the metabolism and excretion of both opioids, these organs are especially susceptible to toxicological damage. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the putative hepatic and renal deleterious effects of repeated exposure to therapeutic doses of tramadol and tapentadol, using an in vivo animal model. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups, composed of six animals each, which received daily single intraperitoneal injections of 10, 25 or 50 mg/kg tramadol or tapentadol (a low, standard analgesic dose, an intermediate dose and the maximum recommended daily dose, respectively). An additional control group was injected with normal saline. Following 14 consecutive days of administration, serum, urine and liver and kidney tissue samples were processed for biochemical, metabolic and histological analysis. Repeated administration of therapeutic doses of both opioids led to: (i) increased lipid and protein oxidation in liver and kidney, as well as to decreased total liver antioxidant capacity; (ii) decreased serum albumin, urea, butyrylcholinesterase and complement C3 and C4 levels, denoting liver synthesis impairment; (iii) elevated serum activity of liver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, as well as lipid profile alterations, also reflecting hepatobiliary commitment; (iv) derangement of iron metabolism, as shown through increases in serum iron, ferritin, haptoglobin and heme oxygenase-1 levels. In turn, elevated serum cystatin C, decreased urine creatinine output and increased urine microalbumin levels were detected upon exposure to tapentadol only, while increased serum amylase and urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities were observed for both opioids. Collectively, these results are compatible with kidney injury. Changes were also found in the expression levels of liver- and kidney-specific toxicity biomarker genes, upon exposure to tramadol and tapentadol, correlating well with alterations in lipid profile, iron metabolism and glomerular and tubular function. Histopathological analysis evidenced sinusoidal dilatation, microsteatosis, mononuclear cell infiltrates, glomerular and tubular disorganization, and increased Bowman's spaces. Although some findings are more pronounced upon tapentadol exposure, our study shows that, when compared with acute exposure, prolonged administration of both opioids smooths the differences between their toxicological effects, and that these occur at lower doses within the therapeutic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Barbosa
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE—Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (R.J.D.-O.); Tel.: +351-224-157-216 (J.B.); +351-224-157-216 (R.J.D.-O.)
| | - Juliana Faria
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE—Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda Garcez
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
| | - Sandra Leal
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Pedro Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Vanessa Nascimento
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
| | - Roxana Moreira
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
| | - Odília Queirós
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE—Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE—Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (R.J.D.-O.); Tel.: +351-224-157-216 (J.B.); +351-224-157-216 (R.J.D.-O.)
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Lee NCW, Carella MA, Papa S, Bubici C. High Expression of Glycolytic Genes in Cirrhosis Correlates With the Risk of Developing Liver Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:138. [PMID: 30430110 PMCID: PMC6220322 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A marked increase in the rate of glycolysis is a key event in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main type of primary liver cancer. Liver cirrhosis is considered to be a key player in HCC pathogenesis as it precedes HCC in up to 90% of patients. Intriguingly, the biochemical events that underlie the progression of cirrhosis to HCC are not well understood. In this study, we examined the expression profile of metabolic gene transcripts in liver samples from patients with HCC and patients with cirrhosis. We found that gene expression of glycolytic enzymes is up-regulated in precancerous cirrhotic livers and significantly associated with an elevated risk for developing HCC. Surprisingly, expression levels of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism are markedly increased in HCC compared to normal livers but remain unchanged in cirrhosis. Our findings suggest that key glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase 2 (HK2), aldolase A (ALDOA), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) may represent potential markers and molecular targets for early detection and chemoprevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C W Lee
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Laboratory, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Annunziata Carella
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Papa
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Laboratory, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Concetta Bubici
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zhao D, Badur MG, Luebeck J, Magaña JH, Birmingham A, Sasik R, Ahn CS, Ideker T, Metallo CM, Mali P. Combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 Metabolic Screens Reveal Critical Redox Control Points Dependent on the KEAP1-NRF2 Regulatory Axis. Mol Cell 2018; 69:699-708.e7. [PMID: 29452643 PMCID: PMC5819357 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways fueling tumor growth have been well characterized, but the specific impact of transforming events on network topology and enzyme essentiality remains poorly understood. To this end, we performed combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 screens on a set of 51 carbohydrate metabolism genes that represent glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This high-throughput methodology enabled systems-level interrogation of metabolic gene dispensability, interactions, and compensation across multiple cell types. The metabolic impact of specific combinatorial knockouts was validated using 13C and 2H isotope tracing, and these assays together revealed key nodes controlling redox homeostasis along the KEAP-NRF2 signaling axis. Specifically, targeting KEAP1 in combination with oxidative PPP genes mitigated the deleterious effects of these knockouts on growth rates. These results demonstrate how our integrated framework, combining genetic, transcriptomic, and flux measurements, can improve elucidation of metabolic network alterations and guide precision targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities based on tumor genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mehmet G Badur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jens Luebeck
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose H Magaña
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Abstract
In recent years there has been a growing interest among cancer biologists in cancer metabolism. This Review summarizes past and recent advances in our understanding of the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in cancer cells, which is mediated by oncogenic drivers and by the undifferentiated character of cancer cells. The reprogrammed glucose metabolism in cancer cells is required to fulfil anabolic demands. This Review discusses the possibility of exploiting the reprogrammed glucose metabolism for therapeutic approaches that selectively target cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissim Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607 and Research and Development Section, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Zhang H, Cui R, Guo X, Hu J, Dai J. Low dose perfluorooctanoate exposure promotes cell proliferation in a human non-tumor liver cell line. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 313:18-28. [PMID: 27045622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) is a well-known persistent organic pollutant widely found in the environment, wildlife and humans. Medical surveillance and experimental studies have investigated the potential effects of PFOA on human livers, but the hepatotoxicity of PFOA on humans and its underlying mechanism remain to be clarified. We exposed a human liver cell line (HL-7702) to 50μM PFOA for 48h and 96h, and identified 111 significantly differentially expressed proteins by iTRAQ analysis. A total of 46 proteins were related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Through further analysis of the cell cycle, apoptosis and their related proteins, we found that low doses of PFOA (50-100μM) promoted cell proliferation and numbers by promoting cells from the G1 to S phases, whereas high doses of PFOA (200-400μM) led to reduced HL-7702 cell numbers compared with that of the control mainly due to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the promotion of cell cycle progression in human cells following PFOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Ruina Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Jiayue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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Naboulsi W, Megger DA, Bracht T, Kohl M, Turewicz M, Eisenacher M, Voss DM, Schlaak JF, Hoffmann AC, Weber F, Baba HA, Meyer HE, Sitek B. Quantitative Tissue Proteomics Analysis Reveals Versican as Potential Biomarker for Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:38-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Naboulsi
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik A. Megger
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Kohl
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Turewicz
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Don Marvin Voss
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Helmut E. Meyer
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Analysis and interpretation of transcriptomic data obtained from extended Warburg effect genes in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncoscience 2015; 2:151-86. [PMID: 25859558 PMCID: PMC4381708 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many cancers adopt a metabolism that is characterized by the well-known Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis). Recently, numerous attempts have been made to treat cancer by targeting one or more gene products involved in this pathway without notable success. This work outlines a transcriptomic approach to identify genes that are highly perturbed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Methods We developed a model of the extended Warburg effect and outlined the model using Cytoscape. Following this, gene expression fold changes (FCs) for tumor and adjacent normal tissue from patients with CCRCC (GSE6344) were mapped on to the network. Gene expression values with FCs of greater than two were considered as potential targets for treatment of CCRCC. Results The Cytoscape network includes glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), the TCA cycle, the serine/glycine pathway, and partial glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis pathways. Gene expression FCs for nine of the 10 CCRCC patients in the GSE6344 data set were consistent with a shift to aerobic glycolysis. Genes involved in glycolysis and the synthesis and transport of lactate were over-expressed, as was the gene that codes for the kinase that inhibits the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Interestingly, genes that code for unique proteins involved in gluconeogenesis were strongly under-expressed as was also the case for the serine/glycine pathway. These latter two results suggest that the role attributed to the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2), frequently the principal isoform of PK present in cancer: i.e. causing a buildup of glucose metabolites that are shunted into branch pathways for synthesis of key biomolecules, may not be operative in CCRCC. The fact that there was no increase in the expression FC of any gene in the PPP is consistent with this hypothesis. Literature protein data generally support the transcriptomic findings. Conclusions A number of key genes have been identified that could serve as valid targets for anti-cancer pharmaceutical agents. Genes that are highly over-expressed include ENO2, HK2, PFKP, SLC2A3, PDK1, and SLC16A1. Genes that are highly under-expressed include ALDOB, PKLR, PFKFB2, G6PC, PCK1, FBP1, PC, and SUCLG1.
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Nasheri N, McKay CS, Fulton K, Twine S, Powdrill MH, Sherratt AR, Pezacki JP. Hydrophobic triaryl-substituted β-lactams as activity-based probes for profiling eukaryotic enzymes and host-pathogen interactions. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2195-200. [PMID: 25179744 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Nasheri
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6 (Canada); Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5 (Canada)
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Scorza M, Elce A, Zarrilli F, Liguori R, Amato F, Castaldo G. Genetic diseases that predispose to early liver cirrhosis. Int J Hepatol 2014; 2014:713754. [PMID: 25132997 PMCID: PMC4123515 DOI: 10.1155/2014/713754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited liver diseases are a group of metabolic and genetic defects that typically cause early chronic liver involvement. Most are due to a defect of an enzyme/transport protein that alters a metabolic pathway and exerts a pathogenic role mainly in the liver. The prevalence is variable, but most are rare pathologies. We review the pathophysiology of such diseases and the diagnostic contribution of laboratory tests, focusing on the role of molecular genetics. In fact, thanks to recent advances in genetics, molecular analysis permits early and specific diagnosis for most disorders and helps to reduce the invasive approach of liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Scorza
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ausilia Elce
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Università Telematica Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento 48, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Zarrilli
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, 86090 Isernia, Italy
| | - Renato Liguori
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Felice Amato
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Shimizu T, Inoue KI, Hachiya H, Shibuya N, Shimoda M, Kubota K. Frequent alteration of the protein synthesis of enzymes for glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinomas. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1324-32. [PMID: 24203292 PMCID: PMC4156784 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells show enhanced glycolysis and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, even in the presence of sufficient oxygen (aerobic glycolysis). Glycolysis is much less efficient for energy production than oxidative phosphorylation, and the reason why cancer cells selectively use glycolysis remains unclear. METHODS Biospecimens were collected from 45 hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Protein samples were prepared through subcellular localization or whole-cell lysis. Protein synthesis was measured by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. mRNA transcription was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. Statistical correlation among immunoblotting data and clinicolaboratory factors were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS Enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation (SDHA and SDHB) were frequently decreased (56 and 48 % of patients, respectively) in hepatocellular carcinomas. The lowered amount of the SDH protein complex was rarely accompanied by stabilization of HIF1α and subsequent activation of the hypoxia response. On the other hand, protein synthesis of G6PD and TKT, enzymes critical for pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), was increased (in 45 and 55 % of patients, respectively), while that of ALDOA, an enzyme for mainstream glycolysis, was eliminated (in 55 % of patients). Alteration of protein synthesis was correlated with gene expression for G6PD and TKT, but not for TKTL1, ALDOA, SDHA or SDHB. Augmented transcription and synthesis of PPP enzymes were accompanied by nuclear accumulation of NRF2. CONCLUSION Hepatocellular carcinomas divert glucose metabolism to the anabolic shunt by activating transcription factor NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shimizu
- Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Inoue
- Center for Research Support, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hachiya
- Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Norisuke Shibuya
- Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Mitsugi Shimoda
- Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Keiichi Kubota
- Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
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Castaldo G, Scorza M, Elce A, Giordano S, Liguori R, Guerra G. Omics in laboratory medicine. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26 Suppl 2:13-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.829694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Lessa RC, Campos AHJFM, Freitas CED, Silva FRD, Kowalski LP, Carvalho AL, Vettore AL. Identification of upregulated genes in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2012; 35:1475-81. [PMID: 22987617 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is the most common subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). These tumors often have an aggressive clinical outcome hallmarked by a propensity for local invasion and regional nodal metastasis. Upregulated genes could be useful as markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and as new drug targets for these tumors. METHODS To identify upregulated genes in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSSCs), we examined the ORESTES public database and used a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) approach to determine the expression level of selected genes in tumor samples. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The ORESTES data mining analysis indicated 40 upregulated genes in HNSCC. Nine of these candidate genes were selected for further qRT-PCR validation and 3 of them (ALDOA, AHSA1, and POLQ) were frequently found upregulated in OSCC samples, which may indicate an association of these genes with the carcinogenesis process in this tumor site and they can constitute potential new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta C Lessa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, A. C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo Branch, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dombkowski AA, Sultana Z, Craig DB, Jamil H. In silico analysis of combinatorial microRNA activity reveals target genes and pathways associated with breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Inform 2011; 10:13-29. [PMID: 21552493 PMCID: PMC3085424 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s6631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This is an open access article. Unrestricted non-commercial use is permitted provided the original work is properly cited. Aberrant microRNA activity has been reported in many diseases, and studies often find numerous microRNAs concurrently dysregulated. Most target genes have binding sites for multiple microRNAs, and mounting evidence indicates that it is important to consider their combinatorial effect on target gene repression. A recent study associated the coincident loss of expression of six microRNAs with metastatic potential in breast cancer. Here, we used a new computational method, miR-AT!, to investigate combinatorial activity among this group of microRNAs. We found that the set of transcripts having multiple target sites for these microRNAs was significantly enriched with genes involved in cellular processes commonly perturbed in metastatic tumors: cell cycle regulation, cytoskeleton organization, and cell adhesion. Network analysis revealed numerous target genes upstream of cyclin D1 and c-Myc, indicating that the collective loss of the six microRNAs may have a focal effect on these two key regulatory nodes. A number of genes previously implicated in cancer metastasis are among the predicted combinatorial targets, including TGFB1, ARPC3, and RANKL. In summary, our analysis reveals extensive combinatorial interactions that have notable implications for their potential role in breast cancer metastasis and in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Dombkowski
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Mirnome analysis reveals novel molecular determinants in the pathogenesis of diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Transl Med 2011; 91:283-93. [PMID: 20956972 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging disease with a broad spectrum of liver conditions. The complex molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD is still unclear. In this study, we conducted an analysis of microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in liver of rats made NAFLD by different diets. To this aim, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ad libitum for 3 months with different diets: standard diet (SD), diet enriched in fats and low in carbohydrates (HFD), SD with high fructose (SD-HF) and diet with high levels of fats and fructose (HFD-HF). Our results demonstrated that the treatment with different dietetic regimens caused a significant increase of the body weight and the alteration of some metabolic parameters compared with control animals, as well as various liver injuries. The miRNAs analysis showed the significant downregulation of three miRNAs (miR-122, miR-451 and miR-27) and the upregulation of miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429 in HFD, SD-HF and HFD-HF rats. Besides, miR-21 expression was significantly decreased only in fructose-enriched diets. These miRNAs target molecules involved in the control of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction, cytokine and chemokine-mediated signaling pathway and apoptosis. Western blot analysis of PKCδ, LITAF, ALDOLASE-A, p38MAPK, PTEN, LIPIN1, EPHRIN-A1, EPHA2 and FLT1 showed a diet-induced deregulation of all these proteins. Interestingly, the expression pattern of LITAF, PTEN, LIPIN1, EPHRIN-A1, EPHA2 and FLT1 might be well explained by the trend of their specific mRNAs, by potentially regulatory miRNAs, or both. In conclusion, we highlight for the first time the potential involvement of novel determinants (miRNAs and proteins) in the molecular pathogenesis of diet-induced NAFLD.
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Liu Z, Ma Y, Yang J, Qin H. Upregulated and Downregulated Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Proteomic Profiling Studies. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 15:61-71. [PMID: 20726783 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2010.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Surgery, the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Surgery, the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Surgery, the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Surgery, the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Pan JS, Zhou F, Xie CX, Cai JY, Chen JM, Zhang ZP, Dong J, Xu HZ, Shi HX, Ren JL. Aldolase A-HBsAg interaction and its effect on ultraviolet radiation induced apoptosis in 293FT cells. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25:1702-9. [PMID: 20880182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses great challenges to humans, claiming one million lives annually worldwide. Solid data have related HBV to hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS In the present research, we verified the interaction between surface protein (HBs) encoded by HBV and aldolase A (ALDA) using yeast two-hybrid, mammalian two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down and laser scanning confocal. RESULTS Anti-ALDA antibody precipitated Gal4-HBs fusion protein in the presence of HBs. Anti-HBs antibody precipitated p65ΔN-ALDA only in the presence of ALDA. Small HBs could be pulled down by GST-ALDA. Cells transfected with pCMV-AD-ALDA showed a protection from ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis (21.3% ± 1.3% for ALDA, 35.4% ± 2.1% for control, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS An interaction does exist between ALDA and HBs. The S region within HBs is sufficient for binding ALDA. In addition, ALDA conferred protection to ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis, and this effect was enhanced by the interaction between HBs and ALDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shui Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, and Gastroenterology Institute of Xiamen University, and Gastroenterology Center of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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17
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Kling P, Förlin L. Proteomic studies in zebrafish liver cells exposed to the brominated flame retardants HBCD and TBBPA. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1985-1993. [PMID: 19477007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic effect screening in zebrafish liver cells was performed to generate hypotheses regarding single and mixed exposure to the BFRs HBCD and TBBPA. Responses at sublethal exposure were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF and FT-ICR protein identification. Mixing of HBCD and TBBPA at sublethal doses of individual substances seemed to increase toxicity. Proteomic analyses revealed distinct exposure-specific and overlapping responses suggesting novel mechanisms with regard to HBCD and TBBPA exposure. While distinct HBCD responses were related to decreased protein metabolism, TBBPA revealed effects related to protein folding and NADPH production. Overlapping responses suggest increased gluconeogenesis (GAPDH and aldolase) while distinct mixture effects suggest a pronounced NADPH production and changes in proteins related to cell cycle control (prohibitin and crk-like oncogene). We conclude that mixtures containing HBCD and TBBPA may result in unexpected effects highlighting proteomics as a sensitive tool for detecting and hypothesis generation of mixture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kling
- Department of Zoology/Zoophysiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Wang J, Gao F, Mo F, Hong X, Wang H, Zheng S, Lin B. Identification of CHI3L1 and MASP2 as a biomarker pair for liver cancer through integrative secretome and transcriptome analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kuramitsu Y, Nakamura K. Current progress in proteomic study of hepatitis C virus-related human hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Proteomics 2007; 2:589-601. [PMID: 16097891 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2.4.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to be a risk factor for not only cirrhosis and steatosis but also hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A number of diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers are being identified by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of HCC today. However, the analyses are performed on HCC in general, and the studied tissues are HCV infected, HBV infected, infected with both or neither, or the infection status may be unknown. The authors performed proteomic analysis of cancerous and noncancerous tissues from HCC patients with HCV infection, and determined that, in the cancerous tissues, HSP70 family proteins such as GRP78, HSC70, GRP75 and HSP70.1, glutaine synthetase isoforms, HSP60, alpha-enolase, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, ATP synthetase beta chain and triosephosphate isomerase were increased whereas albumin, ferritin light chain, smoothelin, tropomyosin beta chain, arginase 1, aldolase B and kietohexokinase were decreased. The aim of this study is to understand the pathogenesis of HCV-HCC using proteomic analysis of samples from HCV-HCC patients on which transcriptomics has already been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular Recognition, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
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20
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Pang RTK, Poon TCW, Wong N, Lai PBS, Wong NLY, Chan CML, Yu JWS, Chan ATC, Sung JJY. Comparison of protein expression patterns between hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and a hepatoblastoma cell line. Clin Proteomics 2004. [DOI: 10.1385/cp:1:3-4:313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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21
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Wang Y, Cui F, Lv Y, Li C, Xu X, Deng C, Wang D, Sun Y, Hu G, Lang Z, Huang C, Yang X. HBsAg and HBx knocked into the p21 locus causes hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Hepatology 2004; 39:318-24. [PMID: 14767984 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) affects males in a significantly higher proportion than females and is one of the human cancers etiologically related to viral factors. Many studies provide strong evidence of the direct role that hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays in hepatic carcinogenesis, but the functions of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and X protein (HBx) in hepatocarcinogenesis through direct or indirect mechanisms are still being debated. We generated two HBV gene knock-in transgenic mouse lines by homologous recombination. HBsAg and HBx genes were integrated into the mouse p21 locus. Both male and female p21-HBx transgenic mice developed HCC after the age of 18 months; however, male p21-HBsAg transgenic mice began to develop HCC 3 months earlier. The expression of a number of genes related to metabolism and genomic instability largely resembled the molecular changes during the development of HCC in humans. ER-beta (estrogen receptor-beta) was extremely up-regulated only in tumor tissues of male p21-HBsAg mice, providing genetic evidence that HBsAg might be the major risk factor affecting the gender difference in the causes of HCC. In conclusion, these mice might serve as good models for studying the different roles of HBsAg and HBx in early events of HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/physiopathology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
- Cyclins/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/physiopathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Sex Characteristics
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Wang
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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Lim JW, Kim H, Kim KH. Cell adhesion-related gene expression by Helicobacter pylori in gastric epithelial AGS cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2003; 35:1284-96. [PMID: 12757765 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to gastroduodenal inflammation, peptic ulceration and gastric carcinoma. H. pylori may induce disease-specific gene expression in gastric epithelial cells. cDNA microarray for 352 cancer-related genes was used to identify the genes altered by H. pylori (cagA positive) in gastric epithelial AGS cells. Expressions of the genes identified on the microarray and other genes closely associated with these genes were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot analysis and cell adhesion assay were performed to confirm the protein levels of the genes and the role of the genes on cell adhesion in H. pylori-infected AGS cells. As a result, the expression of four genes (galectin 1, aldolase A, integrin alpha5, LIM domain only 7 (LMO7)) were up-regulated by H. pylori in AGS cells, determined by cDNA microarray. RT-PCR analysis showed that the genes up-regulated by H. pylori were the genes regulating cell-cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix interaction, such as galectin-1 and galectin-3, integrin alpha5, and LIM domain only 7 (LMO7), and cancer-related glycolytic enzyme aldolase A and C. Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins such as poly-L-lysine and fibronectin was mediated by H. pylori-induced expression of integrin alpha5. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that E-cadherin, regulating cell adhesion and contact cell inhibition, was decreased by H. pylori in AGS cells. In conclusion, the increased expression of cell adhesion molecules and decrease in E-cadherin expression by H. pylori might contribute to cell adhesion, invasion and possibly cell proliferation in gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Gastroenterology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
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