1
|
Domagała A, Buda S, Baranska M, Zając G. Glutathione and its structural modifications recognized by Raman Optical Activity and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 324:124995. [PMID: 39208544 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Raman Optical Activity combined with Circularly Polarized Luminescence (ROA-CPL) was used in the spectral recognition of glutathione peptide (GSH) and its model post-translational modifications (PTMs). We demonstrate the potential of ROA spectroscopy and CPL probes (EuCl3, Na3[Eu(DPA)3], NaEuEDTA) in the study of unmodified peptide, i.e. GSH, and its derivatives, i.e. glutathione oxidized (GSSG), S-acetylglutathione (GSAc) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). ROA spectral features of GSH, GSSG, and GSAc were determined along with thier changes upon the different pH conditions. Apart from the ROA, induced CPL signals of Eu(III) probes also proved to be sensitive to the structural modifications of GSH-based model PTMs, enabling their spectral recognition, especially by the NaEuEDTA probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Domagała
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Prof. St. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szymon Buda
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zając
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lauwers S, Van Herreweghe M, Foubert K, Theunis M, Breynaert A, Tuenter E, Hermans N. Validation and optimisation of reduced glutathione quantification in erythrocytes by means of a coulometric high-performance liquid chromatography analytical method. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e6021. [PMID: 39353732 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.6021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that consists of cysteine, glutamate and glycine, is present in all mammalian tissues in the millimolar range. Besides having numerous cellular functions, GSH is an important antioxidant and is considered a valuable biomarker in evaluating oxidative stress. This paper provides a sensitive analytical method using HPLC-ECD to quantify GSH in erythrocytes, validated using the ICH guidelines for Bioanalytical Method Validation. The sample preparation was optimised using centrifugal filtration and a hypotonic phosphate buffer for extracting GSH from erythrocytes. HPLC-ECD parameters were adjusted to allow a fast, reversed phase, isocratic separation in 10 min. The detector response was linear between 0.3 and 9.5 μg/mL with a satisfactory regression coefficient and a LOQ of 0.11 μg/mL. Intra- and inter-day repeatability ranged between 1.10% and 8.57% with recoveries ranging from 94.3% to 106.0%. Dilution integrity, benchtop, freeze-thaw and long-term stability were investigated. Samples were stable for up to 6 months at -80°C. This method has a good linear response and is repeatable, precise and accurate. It minimises GSH auto-oxidation using a centrifugal filter during sample preparation, instead of acidification. Therefore, this analytical method is suitable for quantifying GSH in erythrocytes as a marker of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stef Lauwers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis - Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maxim Van Herreweghe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis - Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis - Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mart Theunis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis - Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annelies Breynaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis - Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emmy Tuenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis - Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis - Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun K, Liu C, Cao Y, Zhu J, Li J, Huang Q. Colorimetric and SERS dual-mode detection of GSH in human serum based on AuNPs@Cu-porphyrin MOF nanozyme. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342552. [PMID: 38637053 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid and accurate detection of glutathione content in human blood plays an important role in real-time tracking of related diseases. Currently, surface-enhanced Raman scattering/spectroscopy (SERS) combined with nanozyme material has been proven to have excellent properties in the detection applications compared to many other methods because of it combines the advantages of trace detection capability of SERS and efficient catalytic activity of nanozymes. However, there are still existing problems in real sample detection, and to achieve quantitative detection is still challenging. RESULTS In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized in situ on the surface of two-dimensional Cu-porphyrin metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets to produce the AuNPs@Cu-porphyrin MOF nanozyme, which exhibited both oxidase-like activity and SERS detection ability. On one hand, the intrinsic oxidase-like activity of the nanozyme could be inhibited due to the chelation of glutathione (GSH) and Cu, which thus led to the visual color change of the solution. On the other hand, the abundant Raman "hot spots" at the nanogap generated by Au NPs and the internal standard (IS) signal provided by Cu-meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine (Cu-TCPP) MOF improved the sensitivity and quantitative accuracy of detection. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY A dual-mode signal output sensor based on the nanozyme was thus established, which could be used in the trace detection of GSH. Such a dual-mode sensor possesses excellent detection performance, with the advantage of both wide detection range from 1 to 300 μM in the colorimetric detection mode and high sensitivity with LOD of 5 nM in the SERS detection mode, and can be applied to GSH detection in actual serum samples with reliable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection of Henan Province, College of Physics and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China; CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jianxia Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jialin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Langner M, Fröbel D, Helm J, Chavakis T, Peitzsch M, Bechmann N. Accurate redox state indication by in situ derivatization with N-ethylmaleimide - Profiling of transsulfuration and glutathione pathway metabolites by UPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124062. [PMID: 38432191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced and oxidized glutathione play an important role for the intracellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species. The iron-dependent formation of such reactive oxygen species in conjunction with the inhibition of the redox-balancing enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 underlie an imbalance in the cellular redox state, thereby resulting in a non-apoptotic form of cell death, defined as ferroptosis, which is relevant in several pathologies. METHODS Here we present a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) based method providing the accurate quantification of 12 glutathione pathway metabolites after in situ derivatization with N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM). The method was validated regards linearity, recovery and accuracy as well as precision. The assay includes glutathione and its oxidized form glutathione disulfide. Furthermore, the related precursors cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, γ-glutamylcysteine and cysteinylglycine, biomarkers of protein crosslinking such as cystathionine and lanthionine, as well as metabolites of the transsulfuration pathway, methionine, homocysteine and serine are simultaneously determined. RESULTS Twelve glutathione pathway metabolites were simultaneously analyzed in four different human cell line extracts within a total LC run time of 5.5 min. Interday coefficients of variation (1.7 % to 12.0 %), the mean observed accuracy (100.0 % ± 5.2 %), linear quantification ranges over three orders of magnitude for all analytes and sufficient metabolite stability after NEM-derivatization demonstrate method reliability. Immediate derivatization with NEM at cell harvesting prevents autooxidation of glutathione, ensures accurate results for the GSH/GSSG redox ratio and thereby allows interpretation of cellular redox state. CONCLUSION The described UPLC-MS/MS method provides a sensitive and selective tool for a fast and simultaneous analysis of glutathione pathway metabolites, its direct precursors and related compounds. Assay performance characteristics demonstrate the suitability of the method for applications in different cell cultures. Therefore, by providing glutathione related functional metabolic readouts, the method enables investigations in mechanisms of ferroptosis and alterations in oxidative stress levels in several pathophysiologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Langner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dennis Fröbel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jana Helm
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hou Y, Michiels J, Kerschaver CV, Vandaele M, Majdeddin M, Vossen E, Degroote J. The kinetics of glutathione in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets supplemented with different doses of dietary reduced glutathione. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1220213. [PMID: 37635757 PMCID: PMC10448897 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1220213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of dietary GSH in the gastrointestinal tract and the effect of GSH on the intestinal redox status of weaned piglets. Forty-eight piglets with an average age of 26 days and an average body weight of 7.7 kg were used in this study. The piglets were divided into three treatment groups including the control group with a basal diet (CON) and two GSH groups with a basal diet supplemented with 0.1% GSH (LGSH) and 1.0% GSH (HGSH), respectively. The basal diet did not contain any GSH. The experiment lasted for 14 days, with eight animals sampled from each group on d5 and 14. The parts of 0-5%, 5-75%, and 75-100% of the length of the small intestine were assigned to SI1, SI2, and SI3. The results showed that GSH almost completely disappeared from the digesta at SI2. However, no difference in the GSH level in mucosa, liver, and blood erythrocytes was found. The level of cysteine (CYS) in SI1 digesta was significantly higher in HGSH than CON and LGSH on d14, and similar findings were observed for cystine (CYSS) in SI3 digesta on d5. The CYSS level in HGSH was also significantly higher than LGSH in the stomach on d14, while no CYS or CYSS was detected in the stomach for control animals, indicating the breakdown of GSH to CYS already occurred in the stomach. Irrespective of the dietary treatment, the CYS level on d14 and the CYSS level on d5 and 14 were increased when moving more distally into the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, the mucosal CYS level was significantly increased at SI1 in the LGSH and HGSH group compared with CON on d5. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was recovered in the diets and digesta from the LGSH and HGSH group, which could demonstrate the auto-oxidation of GSH. It is, therefore, concluded that GSH supplementation could not increase the small intestinal mucosal GSH level of weaned piglets, and this could potentially relate to the kinetics of GSH in the digestive tract, where GSH seemed to be prone to the breakdown to CYS and CYSS and the auto-oxidation to GSSG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeroen Degroote
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bist G, Luong NT, Mahabubur Rahman KM, Ruszaj DM, Li C, Hanigan MH, You Y. SAR of L-ABBA analogs for GGT1 inhibitory activity and L-ABBA's effect on plasma cysteine and GSH species. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023:129406. [PMID: 37423504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 (GGT1) is a critical enzyme involved in the hydrolysis and/or transfer of gamma-glutamyl groups of glutathione, which helps maintain cysteine levels in plasma. In this study, we synthesized L-ABBA analogs to investigate their inhibitory effect on GGT1 hydrolysis and transpeptidase activity, with the goal of defining the pharmacophore of L-ABBA. Our structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that an α-COO- and α-NH3+ group, as well as a two-CH2 unit distance between α-C and boronic acid, are essential for the activity. The addition of an R (alkyl) group at the α-C reduced the activity of GGT1 inhibition, with L-ABBA being the most potent inhibitor among the analogs. Next, we investigated the impact of L-ABBA on plasma levels of cysteine and GSH species, with the expectation of observing reduced cysteine levels and enhanced GSH levels due to its GGT1 inhibition. We administered L-ABBA intraperitoneally and determined the plasma levels of cysteine, cystine, GSH, and GSSG using LCMS. Our results showed time- and L-ABBA dose-dependent changes in total plasma cysteine and GSH levels. This study is the first to demonstrate the regulation of plasma thiol species upon GGT1 inhibition, with plasma cystine levels reduced by up to ∼75% with L-ABBA (0.3 mg/dose). Cancer cells are highly dependent on the uptake of cysteine from plasma for maintaining high levels of intracellular glutathione. Thus, our findings suggest that GGT1 inhibitors, such as L-ABBA, have a potential to be used for GSH reduction thereby inducing oxidative stress in cancer cells and reducing their resistance to many chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Bist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Nguyen T Luong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Kazi Md Mahabubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Donna M Ruszaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Marie H Hanigan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giustarini D, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R. How to Increase Cellular Glutathione. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051094. [PMID: 37237960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) has special antioxidant properties due to its high intracellular concentration, ubiquity, and high reactivity towards electrophiles of the sulfhydryl group of its cysteine moiety. In most diseases where oxidative stress is thought to play a pathogenic role, GSH concentration is significantly reduced, making cells more susceptible to oxidative damage. Therefore, there is a growing interest in determining the best method(s) to increase cellular glutathione for both disease prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the major strategies for successfully increasing cellular GSH stores. These include GSH itself, its derivatives, NRf-2 activators, cysteine prodrugs, foods, and special diets. The possible mechanisms by which these molecules can act as GSH boosters, their related pharmacokinetic issues, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peng D, Yang Y, Que M, Ding Y, Wu M, Deng X, He Q, Ma X, Li X, Qiu H. Partially oxidized MoS 2 nanosheets with high water-solubility to enhance the peroxidase-mimic activity for sensitive detection of glutathione. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1250:340968. [PMID: 36898817 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface oxidation engineering is an effective strategy to construct nanomaterials with enhanced biocatalytic activity. In this study, a facile one-pot oxidation strategy was proposed to synthesize partially oxidized molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (ox-MoS2 NSs), which exhibit good water solubility and can be used as an excellent peroxidase substitute. Under the oxidation process, Mo-S bonds are partially broke and S atoms are replaced by excess oxygen atoms, and the released abundant heat and gases efficiently expended the interlayer distance and weaken the van der Waals forces between adjacent layers. Porous ox-MoS2 NSs can be easily exfoliated by further sonication, and the nanosheets exhibits excellent water dispersibility and no obvious sediment appear even after store for months. Benefiting from the desirable affinity property with enzyme substrates, optimized electronic structure and prominent electron transfer efficiency, the ox-MoS2 NSs exhibit enhanced peroxidase-mimic activity. Furthermore, the ox-MoS2 NSs catalyzed 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation reaction could be inhibited by the redox reaction that take place between glutathione (GSH) as well as the direct interaction between GSH and ox-MoS2 NSs. Thus, a colorimetric sensing platform was constructed for GSH detection with good sensitivity and stability. This work provides a facile strategy for engineering structure of nanomaterials and improving enzyme-mimic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Mingming Que
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ying Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiulong Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Qifang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harris G, Rickard JJS, Butt G, Kelleher L, Blanch RJ, Cooper J, Oppenheimer PG. Review: Emerging Eye-Based Diagnostic Technologies for Traumatic Brain Injury. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 16:530-559. [PMID: 35320105 PMCID: PMC9888755 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2022.3161352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of ocular manifestations of neurodegenerative disorders, Oculomics, is a growing field of investigation for early diagnostics, enabling structural and chemical biomarkers to be monitored overtime to predict prognosis. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a cascade of events harmful to the brain, which can lead to neurodegeneration. TBI, termed the "silent epidemic" is becoming a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. There is currently no effective diagnostic tool for TBI, and yet, early-intervention is known to considerably shorten hospital stays, improve outcomes, fasten neurological recovery and lower mortality rates, highlighting the unmet need for techniques capable of rapid and accurate point-of-care diagnostics, implemented in the earliest stages. This review focuses on the latest advances in the main neuropathophysiological responses and the achievements and shortfalls of TBI diagnostic methods. Validated and emerging TBI-indicative biomarkers are outlined and linked to ocular neuro-disorders. Methods detecting structural and chemical ocular responses to TBI are categorised along with prospective chemical and physical sensing techniques. Particular attention is drawn to the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive sensing of neurological molecular signatures in the ocular projections of the brain, laying the platform for the first tangible path towards alternative point-of-care diagnostic technologies for TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Harris
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of BirminghamB15 2TTBirminghamU.K.
| | - Jonathan James Stanley Rickard
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of BirminghamB15 2TTBirminghamU.K.
- Department of Physics, Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCB3 0HECambridgeU.K.
| | - Gibran Butt
- Ophthalmology DepartmentUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustB15 2THBirminghamU.K.
| | - Liam Kelleher
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of BirminghamB15 2TTBirminghamU.K.
| | - Richard James Blanch
- Department of Military Surgery and TraumaRoyal Centre for Defence MedicineB15 2THBirminghamU.K.
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustcBirminghamU.K.
| | - Jonathan Cooper
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowG12 8LTGlasgowU.K.
| | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of BirminghamB15 2TTBirminghamU.K.
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational MedicineB15 2THBirminghamU.K.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fenk S, Melnikova EV, Anashkina AA, Poluektov YM, Zaripov PI, Mitkevich VA, Tkachev YV, Kaestner L, Minetti G, Mairbäurl H, Goede JS, Makarov AA, Petrushanko IY, Bogdanova A. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-dependent glutathione buffer adapting the intracellular reduced glutathione levels to oxygen availability. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102535. [PMID: 36413919 PMCID: PMC9679038 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast changes in environmental oxygen availability translate into shifts in mitochondrial free radical production. An increase in intraerythrocytic reduced glutathione (GSH) during deoxygenation would support the detoxification of exogenous oxidants released into the circulation from hypoxic peripheral tissues. Although reported, the mechanism behind this acute oxygen-dependent regulation of GSH in red blood cells remains unknown. This study explores the role of hemoglobin (Hb) in the oxygen-dependent modulation of GSH levels in red blood cells. We have demonstrated that a decrease in Hb O2 saturation to 50% or less observed in healthy humans while at high altitude, or in red blood cell suspensions results in rising of the intraerythrocytic GSH level that is proportional to the reduction in Hb O2 saturation. This effect was not caused by the stimulation of GSH de novo synthesis or its release during deglutathionylation of Hb's cysteines. Using isothermal titration calorimetry and in silico modeling, we observed the non-covalent binding of four molecules of GSH to oxy-Hb and the release of two of them upon deoxygenation. Localization of the GSH binding sites within the Hb molecule was identified. Oxygen-dependent binding of GSH to oxy-Hb and its release upon deoxygenation occurred reciprocally to the binding and release of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Furthermore, noncovalent binding of GSH to Hb moderately increased Hb oxygen affinity. Taken together, our findings have identified an adaptive mechanism by which red blood cells may provide an advanced antioxidant defense to respond to oxidative challenges immediately upon deoxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fenk
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, and Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elizaveta V Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A Anashkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri M Poluektov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel I Zaripov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yaroslav V Tkachev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences and Experimental Physics, Dynamics of Fluids Group, Saarland University, Saarland and Homburg, Germany
| | - Giampaolo Minetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L Spallanzani", Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Medical Clinic VII, Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Goede
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Switzerland
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Yu Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, and Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Z, Yuan J, Xu J, Li L, Tang C, Chang L, Quinn RJ, Qin L, Liu J, Ye Y. Quaternized Acridine Maleimide MALDI Probe Enables Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Thiols. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14917-14924. [PMID: 36269144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thiols are essential metabolites associated with redox imbalances and metabolic disorders in diseases. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) facilitates imaging of metabolites in tissue, but imaging of thiols remains challenging. Here we developed a method to visualize thiols using a stable isotope-labeled (SIL) MALDI probe, a mixture of unlabeled and deuterium-labeled reagents that provided adduct signals at [M]+ and [M + 3]+, to identify endogenous thiols in tissue. A series of MALDI probe candidates were rationally designed, and the structure-effect relationships were determined. First, the reactivity of different warheads toward the thiol group was evaluated, and maleimide was the best for in situ derivatization. Second, an acridine fragment showed the best improvement in MS responses. Third, a permanent charge was introduced for detection improvement in the positive mode. Finally, the hydrogens of methyl group were replaced by deuterium atoms, obtaining the novel SIL MALDI probe and thus facilitating significantly the annotation of thiols. The finally obtained D0/D3-9-((2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)-10-methylacridin-10-ium iodide (D0/D3-MaI-MADA) enabled direct MSI of thiols in the fine structures of human liver tumors without a reduction procedure. Our work built a SIL MALDI probe for the first time and provided a strategy for the rational design of MALDI probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Lizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chunping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Feng L, Zhang L, Chu S, Zhang S, Chen X, Gong Y, Du Z, Mao G, Wang H. One-pot fabrication of nanozyme with 2D/1D heterostructure by in-situ growing MoS2 nanosheets onto single-walled carbon nanotubes with enhanced catalysis for colorimetric detection of glutathione. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Simicic D, Cudalbu C, Pierzchala K. Overview of oxidative stress findings in hepatic encephalopathy: From cellular and ammonium-based animal models to human data. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114795. [PMID: 35753389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a natural phenomenon in the body. Under physiological conditions intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal components of signal transduction cascades, and their levels are maintained by a complex antioxidants systems participating in the in-vivo redox homeostasis. Increased oxidative stress is present in several chronic diseases and interferes with phagocytic and nervous cell functions, causing an up-regulation of cytokines and inflammation. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) occurs in both acute liver failure (ALF) and chronic liver disease. Increased blood and brain ammonium has been considered as an important factor in pathogenesis of HE and has been associated with inflammation, neurotoxicity, and oxidative stress. The relationship between ROS and the pathophysiology of HE is still poorly understood. Therefore, sensing ROS production for a better understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and functional outcome in HE pathophysiology is critical for determining the disease mechanisms, as well as to improve the management of patients. This review is emphasizing the important role of oxidative stress in HE development and documents the changes occurring as a consequence of oxidative stress augmentation based on cellular and ammonium-based animal models to human data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Simicic
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Pierzchala
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Direct Derivatization in Dried Blood Spots for Oxidized and Reduced Glutathione Quantification in Newborns. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061165. [PMID: 35740062 PMCID: PMC9219658 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutathione (GSH)-to-glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio is an essential node contributing to intracellular redox status. GSH/GSSG determination in whole blood can be accomplished by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) after the derivatization of GSH with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). While this is feasible in a laboratory environment, its application in the clinical scenario is cumbersome and therefore ranges reported in similar populations differ noticeably. In this work, an LC-MS procedure for the determination of GSH and GSSG in dried blood spot (DBS) samples based on direct in situ GSH derivatization with NEM of only 10 µL of blood was developed. This novel method was applied to 73 cord blood samples and 88 residual blood volumes from routine newborn screening performed at discharge from healthy term infants. Two clinical scenarios simulating conditions of sampling and storage relevant for routine clinical analysis and clinical trials were assessed. Levels of GSH-NEM and GSSG measured in DBS samples were comparable to those obtained by liquid blood samples. GSH-NEM and GSSG median values for cord blood samples were significantly lower than those for samples at discharge. However, the GSH-NEM-to-GSSG ratios were not statistically different between both groups. With DBS testing, the immediate manipulation of samples by clinical staff is reduced. We therefore expect that this method will pave the way in providing an accurate and more robust determination of the GSH/GSSG values and trends reported in clinical trials.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zare F, Potenza A, Greschner AA, Gauthier MA. Consecutive Alkylation, "Click", and "Clip" Reactions for the Traceless Methionine-Based Conjugation and Release of Methionine-Containing Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2891-2899. [PMID: 35671380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
"Click" reactions have revolutionized research in many areas of science. However, a disadvantage of the high stability of the Click product is that identifying simple treatments for cleanly dissociating the latter under the same guiding principles, i.e., a "Clip" reaction, remains a challenge. This study demonstrates that electron-deficient alkynes, conveniently installed on methionine residues, can participate in well-known Click (nucleophilic thiol-allene addition) and subsequent Clip reactions (radical thiol-ene addition). To illustrate this concept, a variety of bioconjugates (peptide-peptide; peptide-fluorophore; peptide-polymer; and peptide-protein) were prepared. Interestingly, the Clip reaction of these bioconjugates releases the original peptides concurrent with regeneration of their unmodified methionine residue, in minutes. Moreover, the conjugates demonstrate substantial stability toward endogenous levels of reactive species in bacteria, illustrating the potential for this chemistry in the biosciences. The reaction conditions employed in the Click and Clip steps are compatible with the preservation of the integrity of biomolecules/fluorophores and involve readily accessible reagents and the natural functional groups on peptides/proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zare
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Alessandro Potenza
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Andrea A Greschner
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes J3X 1S2, Canada.,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nagana Gowda GA, Pascua V, Raftery D. Extending the Scope of 1H NMR-Based Blood Metabolomics for the Analysis of Labile Antioxidants: Reduced and Oxidized Glutathione. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14844-14850. [PMID: 34704738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione is a ubiquitous cellular antioxidant, which is critically required to protect cells from oxidative damage and free radical injury. It is practically impossible to analyze glutathione in its native form after isolation from biological mixtures since the active form (reduced glutathione, GSH) spontaneously gets converted to the oxidized form (oxidized glutathione, GSSG). To address this challenge, numerous highly sensitive detection methods, including mass spectrometry, have been used in conjunction with derivatization to block the oxidation of GSH. Efforts so far to quantitate GSH and GSSG using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy method have remained unsuccessful. With a focus on addressing this challenge, in this study, we describe an extension to our recent whole blood analysis method [ Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 4620-4627] that includes the important antioxidants GSH and GSSG. Fresh and frozen human whole blood specimens as well as standard GSH and GSSG were comprehensively investigated using NMR without and with derivatization using N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). NMR experiments detect two diastereomers, distinctly, for the derivatized GSH and enable the analysis of both GSH and GSSG in human whole blood with an accuracy of >99%. Interestingly, the excess (unreacted) NEM used for blocking the GSH can be removed from the samples during a drying step after extraction, with no need for additional processing. This is an important characteristic that offers an added advantage for simultaneous analysis of the antioxidants (GSH and GSSG), redox coenzymes (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)), energy coenzymes (adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)), and a large number of other blood metabolites using the same one-dimensional (1D) NMR spectrum. The presented method broadens the scope of global metabolite profiling and adds a new dimension to NMR-based blood metabolomics. Further, the method demonstrated here for human blood can be extended to virtually any biological specimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Raftery
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chi X, Liu Z, Wei W, Hu X, Wang Y, Wang H, Xu B. Selenium-rich royal jelly inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through PI3K/AKT and VEGF pathways in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:9111-9127. [PMID: 34397053 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) and selenium (Se)-rich foods have well-known health benefits that are attributable to a broad range of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-tumor, and immunoregulatory activities. However, the physiological effects of Se-rich RJ, which is produced by feeding Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) sodium selenite sucrose solution, are not well understood. The anti-hepatoma activity and mechanism of Se-rich RJ in H22 tumor-bearing mice were investigated in the current study. The findings showed that the content of organic and inorganic Se in Se-rich RJ was significantly higher than that in RJ. Furthermore, interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in serum were increased and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver was decreased in mice fed RJ and Se-rich RJ. 16SrRNA sequencing and serum untargeted metabolomics showed that RJ and Se-rich RJ could modulate the gut microbiota, and fisetin and l-glutathione oxidized were the main anti-tumor components in RJ and Se-rich RJ. Further analysis showed 11-deoxy prostaglandin F1β was the specific anti-tumor metabolite in mice treated with Se-rich RJ compared with RJ. The results indicated that RJ and Se-rich RJ could inhibit the expression of PI3K and phosphorylation of AKT, induce cell apoptosis through the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and regulate Bcl-2/Bax expression. RJ and Se-rich RJ also inhibited the expression of COX-2 and VEGF. To summarize, the findings clearly demonstrate that Se-rich RJ could inhibit tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis as well as exhibit anti-tumor effects by improving immune function and antioxidant activities. The results indicated that Se-rich RJ could be a potential functional food for the management and prevention of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Chi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Xiyi Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alapid AAI, Abd. Majid R, Ibraheem ZO, Mediani A, Ismail IS, Unyah NZ, Alhassan Abdullahi S, Nordin N, Nasiru Wana M, Basir R. Investigation of Andrographolide Effect on Non-Infected Red Blood Cells Using the 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080486. [PMID: 34436427 PMCID: PMC8400355 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (AG) has been shown to have several medicinal and pharmaceutical effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-malarial activities. Moreover, studies to assess the pharmacological effect of AG on the metabolic changes of uninfected red blood cells (uRBCs) have not yet been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacological effects of AG compared to chloroquine (CQ) on the metabolic variations of uRBCs in vitro using a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate data analysis (MVDA). Forty-one metabolites were successfully identified by 1H-NMR. The results of the unsupervised data analysis principal component analysis (PCA) showed ideal differentiation between AG and CQ. PC1 and PC2 accounted for 71.4% and 17.7% of the explained variation, respectively, with a total variance of 89.10%. Based on S-plot and VIP values, a total of 28 and 32 metabolites were identified as biomarkers in uRBCs-AG and uRBCs-CQ, respectively. In uRBCs treated with AG, ten metabolic pathways were determined to be disturbed, including riboflavin metabolism, d-glutamate and d-glutamine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, proline and arginine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. In contrast, in CQ-treated uRBCs, nine affected metabolic pathways were determined, which involved the same metabolic pathways for uRBCs-AG, except for glutathione metabolism. These findings suggest an evident relationship between AG and CQ associated with metabolic changes in intact RBCs after being exposed to the treatment. The metabolomics results could allow useful comprehensive insights into the underlying mechanism of the action of AG and CQ on red blood cells. Consequently, the 1H-NMR-based metabolomics approach was successfully utilized to identify the pharmacological effects of AG and CQ on the metabolic variations of uRBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Ahmad Issa Alapid
- Medical Parasitology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.I.A.); (N.Z.U.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science-Alasaba, University of Gharyan, Gharyan 010101, Libya
| | - Roslaini Abd. Majid
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Zaid O. Ibraheem
- Department of Pharmacy, Al Rafidain University College, Al Mustansyria, Baghdad 10052, Iraq;
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Natural Medicine and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ngah Zasmy Unyah
- Medical Parasitology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.I.A.); (N.Z.U.)
| | - Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano 700241, Nigeria;
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Nasiru Wana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria;
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-124-747-459
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of elderflower extract enriched with polyphenols on antioxidant defense of salmon leukocytes. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
20
|
Fourie-O'Donohue A, Chu PY, Dela Cruz Chuh J, Tchelepi R, Tsai SP, Tran JC, Sawyer WS, Su D, Ng C, Xu K, Yu SF, Pillow TH, Sadowsky J, Dragovich PS, Liu Y, Kozak KR. Improved translation of stability for conjugated antibodies using an in vitro whole blood assay. MAbs 2021; 12:1715705. [PMID: 31997712 PMCID: PMC6999835 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1715705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For antibody-drug conjugates to be efficacious and safe, they must be stable in circulation to carry the payload to the site of the targeted cell. Several components of a drug-conjugated antibody are known to influence stability: 1) the site of drug attachment on the antibody, 2) the linker used to attach the payload to the antibody, and 3) the payload itself. In order to support the design and optimization of a high volume of drug conjugates and avoid unstable conjugates prior to testing in animal models, we wanted to proactively identify these potential liabilities. Therefore, we sought to establish an in vitro screening method that best correlated with in vivo stability. While traditionally plasma has been used to assess in vitro stability, our evaluation using a variety of THIOMABTM antibody-drug conjugates revealed several disconnects between the stability assessed in vitro and the in vivo outcomes when using plasma. When drug conjugates were incubated in vitro for 24 h in mouse whole blood rather than plasma and then analyzed by affinity capture LC-MS, we found an improved correlation to in vivo stability with whole blood (R2 = 0.87, coefficient of determination) compared to unfrozen or frozen mouse plasma (R2 = 0.34, 0.01, respectively). We further showed that this whole blood assay was also able to predict in vivo stability of other preclinical species such as rat and cynomolgus monkey, as well as in human. The screening method utilized short (24 h) incubation times, as well as a custom analysis software, allowing increased throughput and in-depth biotransformation characterization. While some instabilities that were more challenging to identify remain, the method greatly enhanced the process of screening, optimizing, and lead candidate selection, resulting in the substantial reduction of animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Fourie-O'Donohue
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phillip Y Chu
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Josefa Dela Cruz Chuh
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Tchelepi
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Siao Ping Tsai
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John C Tran
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William S Sawyer
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dian Su
- BioAnalytical Sciences Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carl Ng
- BioAnalytical Sciences Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Keyang Xu
- BioAnalytical Sciences Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Discovery Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack Sadowsky
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter S Dragovich
- Discovery Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yichin Liu
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of preterm infants. Accurate assessment of OS remains an analytical challenge that has been partially addressed during the last few decades. A plethora of approaches have been developed to assess preterm biofluids to demonstrate a link postnatally with preterm OS, giving rise to a set of widely employed biomarkers. However, the vast number of different analytic methods and lack of standardization hampers reliable comparison of OS-related biomarkers. In this chapter, we discuss approaches for the study of OS in prematurity with respect to methodologic considerations, the metabolic source of different biomarkers and their role in clinical studies.
Collapse
|
22
|
Salman D, Eddleston M, Darnley K, Nailon WH, McLaren DB, Hadjithelki A, Ruszkiewicz D, Langejuergen J, Alkhalifa Y, Phillips I, Thomas CLP. Breath markers for therapeutic radiation. J Breath Res 2020; 15:016004. [PMID: 33103660 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aba816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiation dose is important in radiotherapy. Too little, and the treatment is not effective, too much causes radiation toxicity. A biochemical measurement of the effect of radiotherapy would be useful in personalisation of this treatment. This study evaluated changes in exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOC) associated with radiotherapy with thermal desorption gas chromatography mass-spectrometry followed by data processing and multivariate statistical analysis. Further the feasibility of adopting gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry for radiotherapy point-of-care breath was assessed. A total of 62 participants provided 240 end-tidal 1 dm3 breath samples before radiotherapy and at 1, 3, and 6 h post-exposure, that were analysed by thermal-desorption/gas-chromatography/quadrupole mass-spectrometry. Data were registered by retention-index and mass-spectra before multivariate statistical analyses identified candidate markers. A panel of sulfur containing compounds (thio-VOC) were observed to increase in concentration over the 6 h following irradiation. 3-methylthiophene (80 ng.m-3 to 790 ng.m-3) had the lowest abundance while 2-thiophenecarbaldehyde(380 ng.m-3 to 3.85 μg.m-3) the highest; note, exhaled 2-thiophenecarbaldehyde has not been observed previously. The putative tumour metabolite 2,4-dimethyl-1-heptene concentration reduced by an average of 73% over the same time. Statistical scoring based on the signal intensities thio-VOC and 3-methylthiophene appears to reflect individuals' responses to radiation exposure from radiotherapy. The thio-VOC are hypothesised to derive from glutathione and Maillard-based reactions and these are of interest as they are associated with radio-sensitivity. Further studies with continuous monitoring are needed to define the development of the breath biochemistry response to irradiation and to determine the optimum time to monitor breath for radiotherapy markers. Consequently, a single 0.5 cm3 breath-sample gas chromatography-ion mobility approach was evaluated. The calibrated limit of detection for 3-methylthiophene was 10 μg.m-3 with a lower limit of the detector's response estimated to be 210 fg.s-1; the potential for a point-of-care radiation exposure study exists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Salman
- Centre for Analytical Science, Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zalachoras I, Hollis F, Ramos-Fernández E, Trovo L, Sonnay S, Geiser E, Preitner N, Steiner P, Sandi C, Morató L. Therapeutic potential of glutathione-enhancers in stress-related psychopathologies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:134-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
24
|
Fülöp A, Bausbacher T, Rizzo S, Zhou Q, Gillandt H, Hopf C, Rittner M. New Derivatization Reagent for Detection of free Thiol-groups in Metabolites and Proteins in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6224-6228. [PMID: 32233426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several diseases are associated with disturbed redox signaling and altered metabolism of sulfur-containing metabolites and proteins. Importantly, oxidative degradation of fresh-frozen tissues begins within the normal time scale of MALDI MSI sample preparation. As a result, analytical methods that preserve the redox state of the tissue are urgently needed for refined studies of the underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, no derivatization strategy for free sulfhydryl groups in tissue is known for MALDI MSI. Here, we report the first derivatization reagent, (E)-2-cyano-N-(2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide (CHC-Mal), for selective detection of free thiols using MALDI MSI. We performed in situ derivatization of free thiol groups from thiol-containing metabolites such as glutathione and cysteine and reduced proteins such as insulin and imaged their spatial distribution in porcine and mouse xenograft tissue. Derivatization of thiol-containing metabolites with CHC-Mal for MALDI MSI was also possible when using aged tissue in the presence of excess reducing agents. Importantly, CHC-Mal-derivatized low mass-metabolites could be detected without the use of a conventional MALDI matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Fülöp
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Bausbacher
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefano Rizzo
- Sirius Fine Chemicals SiChem GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Qiuqin Zhou
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gillandt
- Sirius Fine Chemicals SiChem GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Rittner
- Sirius Fine Chemicals SiChem GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shokr H, Dias IHK, Gherghel D. Microvascular function and oxidative stress in adult individuals with early onset of cardiovascular disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4881. [PMID: 32184402 PMCID: PMC7078259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate retinal vascular function and its relationship with systemic anti-oxidative defence capacity in normal individuals versus those with early hypertensive changes according to the current ESC/ESH guidelines. Retinal microvascular function was assessed in 201 participants by means of dynamic retinal vessel analysis. Blood pressure, lipid panel, oxidized (GSH) & reduced glutathione (GSSG) were also evaluated for each participant. Individuals classed as grade 1 hypertension demonstrated higher retinal arterial baseline diameter fluctuation (p = 0.0012), maximum dilation percentage (p = 0.0007), time to maximum constriction (p = 0.0003) and lower arterial constriction slope (p = 0.0131). Individuals classed as high normal and grade 1 hypertension also demonstrated higher time to maximum dilation than individuals classed as optimal or normal. GSH levels correlated negatively with SBP, DBP and MBP values in all participants (p = 0.0010; p = 0.0350 and p = 0.0050) as well as with MBP values in high normal and grade 1 hypertension (p = 0.0290). The levels of GSSG correlated positively with SBP, DBP and MBP values in all participants (p = 0.0410; p = 0.0330 and, p = 0.0220). Our results point to the fact that microvascular alterations can be identifiable at BP values still considered within normal values and go in parallel with the changes observed in the level of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Shokr
- Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Doina Gherghel
- Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nrf2 Suppresses Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in App Knock-In Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00467-19. [PMID: 31932477 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00467-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 (NF-E2-related-factor 2) is a stress-responsive transcription factor that protects cells against oxidative stresses. To clarify whether Nrf2 prevents Alzheimer's disease (AD), AD model AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F knock-in (AppNLGF ) mice were studied in combination with genetic Nrf2 induction model Keap1FA/FA mice. While AppNLGF mice displayed shorter latency to escape than wild-type mice in the passive-avoidance task, the impairment was improved in AppNLGF ::Keap1FA/FA mice. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging revealed that reduced glutathione levels were elevated by Nrf2 induction in AppNLGF ::Keap1FA/FA mouse brains compared to AppNLGF mouse brains. Genetic Nrf2 induction in AppNLGF mice markedly suppressed the elevation of the oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG and Iba1-positive microglial cell number. We also determined the plasmalogen-phosphatidylethanolamine (PlsPE) level as an AD biomarker. PlsPE containing polyunsaturated fatty acids was decreased in the AppNLGF mouse brain, but Nrf2 induction attenuated this decline. To evaluate whether pharmacological induction of Nrf2 elicits beneficial effects for AD treatment, we tested the natural compound 6-MSITC [6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate]. Administration of 6-MSITC improved the impaired cognition of AppNLGF mice in the passive-avoidance task. These results demonstrate that the induction of Nrf2 ameliorates cognitive impairment in the AD model mouse by suppressing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, suggesting that Nrf2 is an important therapeutic target of AD.
Collapse
|
27
|
Tomin T, Schittmayer M, Birner-Gruenberger R. Addressing Glutathione Redox Status in Clinical Samples by Two-Step Alkylation with N-ethylmaleimide Isotopologues. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020071. [PMID: 32079090 PMCID: PMC7074022 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione is of profound clinical interest in assessing the oxidative status of tissues and body fluids. However, this ratio is not yet a routine clinical parameter due to the analytically challenging interconversion of reduced (free) glutathione to oxidized (bound) glutathione. We aimed to facilitate this ratio determination in order to aid its incorporation as a routine clinical parameter. To this end, we developed a simple derivatization route that yields different isotopologues of N-ethylmaleimide alkylated glutathione from reduced and oxidized glutathione (after its chemical reduction) for mass spectrometric analysis. A third isotopologue can be used as isotopic standard for simultaneous absolute quantification. As all isotopologues have similar chromatographic properties, matrix effects arising from different sample origins can only impact method sensitivity but not quantification accuracy. Robustness, simplified data analysis, cost effectiveness by one common standard, and highly improved mass spectrometric sensitivity by conversion of oxidized glutathione to an alkylated glutathione isotopologue are the main advantages of our approach. We present a method fully optimized for blood, plasma, serum, cell, and tissue samples. In addition, we propose production of N-ethylmaleimide customized blood collection tubes to even further facilitate the analysis in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tomin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology—TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology—TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology—TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (R.B.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alisik M, Neselioglu S, Erel O. A colorimetric method to measure oxidized, reduced and total glutathione levels in erythrocytes. J LAB MED 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2019-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The most important antioxidant for erythrocytes is glutathione. In this study, a non-enzymatic recycling spectrophotometric method was developed to measure oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in erythrocytes. The newly developed method consists of two steps. In the first step, the levels of GSH were determined in the sample. Subsequently, total glutathione levels were measured by reducing the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Half of the difference between total glutathione and GSH gives the GSSG.
Results
The new method was linear between 0 and 3000 μmol/L (r2 = 0.999). The percentage recovery measured by the developed method was 100.2 ± 2.4%. The total precision of the total glutathione, GSH and GSSG was 1.26%, 1.02% and 6.65%, respectively. GSH levels were significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), while GSSG levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were negatively correlated with GSH levels, whereas positively correlated with GSSG (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
In conclusion, this method is easy to apply in routine practice with high accuracy, precision and reproducibility.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of total (T-GSH), oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in blood of clinically healthy calves, to assess the effect of sex and age together with the type of feeding on its concentrations, and to assess the relationships between glutathione and metabolic indices. A total of 117 Holstein calves at the age of 1 day to 6 months were divided according to age and together with the type of feeding into 4 groups: colostrum and transition milk (n = 20), native milk (n = 39), milk replacer (n = 29) and total mixed ration (n = 29). Blood serum was used for the assessment of the metabolic profile of calves. The concentrations of individual forms of glutathione (mean ± SEM) were as follows: T-GSH: 789.1 ± 19.4 µmol/l, GSSG: 54.2 ± 4.3 µmol/l, GSH: 681.6 ± 15.3 µmol/l, and GSH/GSSG: 41.1 ± 5.9, with the coefficients of variability of 26.6%, 85.3%, 24.3% and 157.4%, respectively. Age and the type of feeding affected GSSG (P≤ 0.01) and GSH/GSSG (P≤ 0.01). The relationships between glutathione and biochemical parameters were mostly weak. T-GSH correlated with creatinine (P≤ 0.05) and chlorides (P≤ 0.05); GSSG correlated with albumin (P≤ 0.01), creatinine (P≤ 0.01), cholesterol (P≤ 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (P≤ 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (P≤ 0.01), gamma-glutamyltransferase (P≤ 0.05) and calcium (P≤ 0.05); GSH/GSSG ratio correlated with creatinine (P≤ 0.01), cholesterol (P≤ 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (P≤ 0.05), gamma-glutamyltransferase (P≤ 0.01) and calcium (P≤ 0.05). The evaluation of individual forms of glutathione helps in estimation of redox status in healthy animals and their monitoring can detect the stress extent.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abolghasemi-Fakhri Z, Amjadi M, Manzoori JL. Exploring the behavior of gold nanostar@reduced graphene oxide composite in chemiluminescence: Application to highly sensitive detection of glutathione. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 216:85-90. [PMID: 30878848 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanostar@reduced graphene oxide (GNS@rGO) nanocomposite was used as a catalyst in a chemiluminescence (CL) reaction. Composites with different sizes of gold nanostars were prepared without any surfactant, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. We showed that GNS@rGO can strongly enhance the intensity of luminol‑sodium periodate CL system and the larger the GNS size, the greater the enhancing effect. This effect results from the unique catalytic action of GNS@rGO, which leads to the acceleration of reactive oxygen species generation. We also found that a remarkable increase in the CL intensity of GNS@rGO-luminol-NaIO4 system occurs in the presence of glutathione (GSH). Based on this observation, a simple and highly sensitive CL probe was developed for detection of GSH. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curve exhibits a linear range from 1.0 nM to 1.0 μM for GSH with a detection limit of 0.2 nM. The developed method was applied to the detection of GSH in human plasma samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abolghasemi-Fakhri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amjadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
| | - Jamshid L Manzoori
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Giustarini D, Dalle-Donne I, Milzani A, Braconi D, Santucci A, Rossi R. Membrane Skeletal Protein S-Glutathionylation in Human Red Blood Cells as Index of Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1096-1102. [PMID: 30945548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most well-studied biomarkers of oxidative stress. Under oxidizing conditions, GSH is transformed into its disulfide forms, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and S-glutathionylated proteins (PSSG), which are considered to be reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress. In red blood cells (RBCs), the main targets of S-glutathionylation are hemoglobin and membrane-associated skeletal proteins, but S-glutathionylated hemoglobin (HbSSG) has been more thoroughly studied as a biomarker of oxidative stress than S-glutahionylated RBC membrane skeletal proteins. Here, we have investigated whether and how all these biomarkers are altered in human RBCs treated with a slow and cyclically intermittent flux of the oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide. To this aim, a new device for sample treatment and collection was developed. During and at the end of the treatment, GSH, GSSG, and PSSG (discriminating between HbSSG and membrane PSSG) were measured by the use of spectrophotometer (for GSSG) and HPLC (for GSH, HbSSG, and membrane PSSG). The main results of our study are as follows: (i) GSH decreased and GSSG increased, but only in the presence of the oxidant, and recovered their initial values at the end of the infusion; (ii) the increase in total PSSG concentration was lower than that of GSSG, but it kept on throughout the experiments; (iii) membrane skeletal proteins did not recover their initial values, whereas HbSSG levels recovered their initial values similarly to GSH and GSSG; (d) membrane skeletal PSSG were more stable and also more abundant than HbSSG. Western blot analysis indicated spectrin, ankyrin, and bands 3, 4.1, and 4.2 as the proteins most susceptible to S-glutathionylation in RBC membrane. These results suggest that S-glutathionylated membrane skeletal proteins can be considered as a suitable biomarker of oxidative stress. Mostly when the oxidant insult is slight and intermittent, PSSG in RBC membranes are worth measuring in addition to GSSG by virtue of their greater stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, (Department of Excellence 2018-2022) University of Siena , Via A. Moro 2 , I-53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 26 , I-20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 26 , I-20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Daniela Braconi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, (Department of Excellence 2018-2022) University of Siena , Via A. Moro 2 , I-53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, (Department of Excellence 2018-2022) University of Siena , Via A. Moro 2 , I-53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, (Department of Excellence 2018-2022) University of Siena , Via A. Moro 2 , I-53100 , Siena , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fu X, Cate SA, Dominguez M, Osborn W, Özpolat T, Konkle BA, Chen J, López JA. Cysteine Disulfides (Cys-ss-X) as Sensitive Plasma Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:115. [PMID: 30643157 PMCID: PMC6331564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a high-throughput mass spectrometry–based method to simultaneously quantify numerous small-molecule thiols and disulfides in blood plasma. Application of this assay to analyze plasma from patients with known oxidative stress (sickle cell disease and sepsis) and from a patient with sickle cell disease treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine suggests that cysteine disulfides, in particular protein-bound cysteine, serve as sensitive plasma biomarkers for the extent of oxidative stress and effectiveness of antioxidant treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Shelby A Cate
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Warren Osborn
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Barbara A Konkle
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Junmei Chen
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - José A López
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Claeson AS, Gouveia-Figueira S, Stenlund H, Johansson AI. A standardized protocol for comparable analysis of GSH/GSSG by UHPLC-ESI-MSMS for human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1104:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
34
|
Chen X, Lee J, Wu H, Tsang AW, Furdui CM. Mass Spectrometry in Advancement of Redox Precision Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:327-358. [PMID: 31347057 PMCID: PMC9236553 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox (portmanteau of reduction-oxidation) reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species in biological processes fundamental to life. It is of outmost importance that cells maintain a healthy redox state by balancing the action of oxidants and antioxidants; failure to do so leads to a multitude of diseases including cancer, diabetes, fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. From the perspective of precision medicine, it is therefore beneficial to interrogate the redox phenotype of the individual-similar to the use of genomic sequencing-in order to design tailored strategies for disease prevention and treatment. This chapter provides an overview of redox metabolism and focuses on how mass spectrometry (MS) can be applied to advance our knowledge in redox biology and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Allen W Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Milnerowicz H, Wrześniak M, Królik M, Kowalska K. Influence of tobacco smoke on zinc, cadmium, iron, iron-binding proteins, and low-weight anti-oxidant status in pregnancy. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:534-541. [PMID: 30794012 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1576805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and tobacco smoking (TS) each can cause increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; this, in turn, can lead to disorders in iron management and disruption of the pro- and anti-oxidant balance. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of TS and Cd on Fe, Zn, and anti-oxidant levels (i.e. glutathione [GSH], metallothionein [MT]) in the blood of pregnant women. The study reported here evaluated 110 blood samples from pregnant women in their 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester. Concentrations of ferritin and transferrin were measured in the serum; Zn, Fe and cotinine in the plasma, that of Cd in whole blood, that for glutathione in red blood cell lysates, and levels of metallothionein both in the plasma and in lysates prepared from isolated erythrocytes. The results indicated there was a decrease in Zn and increase in Cd and metallothionein levels in pregnant women smokers as compared to in nonsmoking counterparts. Differences in intracellular MT concentration were noted both in smoking and nonsmoking women during pregnancy while there were no changes in extracellular MT level. A decline in circulating ferritin and a rise in transferrin during pregnancy was observed in all groups. Based on the results, it was concluded that exposure to TS-associated xenobiotics like Cd could result in higher MT levels in erythrocytes and in pregnant smokers, the major anti-oxidant mechanism that is in place is one being mediated by MT and not by reduced GSH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halina Milnerowicz
- a Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marta Wrześniak
- a Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
- b Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Królik
- c Early Pregnancy Pathology Clinic , Centre of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology , Opole , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kowalska
- a Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kabasakalis A, Nikolaidis S, Tsalis G, Christoulas K, Mougios V. Effects of sprint interval exercise dose and sex on circulating irisin and redox status markers in adolescent swimmers. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:827-832. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1530056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Kabasakalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Nikolaidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Tsalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Christoulas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vacchi-Suzzi C, Viens L, Harrington JM, Levine K, Karimi R, Meliker JR. Low levels of lead and glutathione markers of redox status in human blood. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1175-1185. [PMID: 29058203 PMCID: PMC6154500 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to lead (Pb) is implicated in a plethora of health threats in both adults and children. Increased exposure levels are associated with oxidative stress in the blood of workers exposed at occupational levels. However, it is not known whether lower Pb exposure levels are related to a shift toward a more oxidized state. To assess the association between blood lead level (BLL) and glutathione (GSH) redox biomarkers in a population of healthy adults, BLL and four GSH markers (GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio and redox potential E h ) were measured in the blood of a cross-sectional cohort of 282 avid seafood-eating healthy adults living on Long Island (NY). Additionally, blood levels of two other metals known to affect GSH redox status, selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg), and omega-3 index were tested for effect modification. Regression models were further adjusted for demographic and smoking status. Increasing exposure to Pb, measured in blood, was not associated with GSSG, but was associated with lower levels of GSH/GSSG ratio and more positive GSH redox potential E h , driven by its association with GSH. No effect modification was observed in analyses stratified by Hg, Se, omega-3 index, sex, age, or smoking. Blood Pb is associated with lower levels of GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio in this cross-sectional study of healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Vacchi-Suzzi
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Laura Viens
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Keith Levine
- Trace Inorganics Laboratory, RTI International, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Roxanne Karimi
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jaymie R Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sánchez-Illana Á, Mayr F, Cuesta-García D, Piñeiro-Ramos JD, Cantarero A, Guardia MDL, Vento M, Lendl B, Quintás G, Kuligowski J. On-Capillary Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Determination of Glutathione in Whole Blood Microsamples. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9093-9100. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Cuesta-García
- Molecular Science Institute, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Cantarero
- Molecular Science Institute, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 Dr. Moliner Street, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/151, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Filser JG, Klein D. A physiologically based toxicokinetic model for inhaled ethylene and ethylene oxide in mouse, rat, and human. Toxicol Lett 2018; 286:54-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
40
|
Liu CH, Qi FP, Wen FB, Long LP, Liu AJ, Yang RH. Fluorescence detection of glutathione and oxidized glutathione in blood with a NIR-excitable cyanine probe. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:024001. [PMID: 29350185 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa86b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyanine has been widely utilized as a near infrared (NIR) fluorophore for detection of glutathione (GSH). However, the excitation of most of the reported cyanine-based probes was less than 800 nm, which inevitably induce biological background absorption and lower the sensitivity, limiting their use for detection of GSH in blood samples. To address this issue, here, a heptamethine cyanine probe (DNIR), with a NIR excitation wavelength at 804 nm and a NIR emission wavelength at 832 nm, is employed for the detection of GSH and its oxidized form (GSSG) in blood. The probe displays excellent selectivity for GSH over GSSG and other amino acids, and rapid response to GSH, in particular a good property for indirect detection of GSSG in the presence of enzyme glutathione reductase and the reducing agent nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate, without further separation prior to fluorescent measurement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to explore NIR fluorescent approach for the simultaneous assay of GSH and GSSG in blood. As such, we expect that our fluorescence sensors with both NIR excitation and NIR emission make this strategy suitable for the application in complex physiological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China. College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, People's Republic of China. School of Humanities, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Manca A, Alladio E, Massarenti P, Puccinelli MP, De Francesco A, Del Grosso E, Mengozzi G, Pazzi M, Vincenti M. “One-pot” ethyl chloroformate derivatization and liquid-liquid extraction of reduced glutathione in erythrocyte and its quantitative GC–MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1070:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
42
|
Kharkar PM, Scott RA, Olney LP, LeValley PJ, Maverakis E, Kiick KL, Kloxin AM. Controlling the Release of Small, Bioactive Proteins via Dual Mechanisms with Therapeutic Potential. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700713. [PMID: 29024487 PMCID: PMC5806702 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Injectable delivery systems that respond to biologically relevant stimuli present an attractive strategy for tailorable drug release. Here, the design and synthesis of unique polymers are reported for the creation of hydrogels that are formed in situ and degrade in response to clinically relevant endogenous and exogenous stimuli, specifically reducing microenvironments and externally applied light. Hydrogels are formed with polyethylene glycol and heparin-based polymers using a Michael-type addition reaction. The resulting hydrogels are investigated for the local controlled release of low molecular weight proteins (e.g., growth factors and cytokines), which are of interest for regulating various cellular functions and fates in vivo yet remain difficult to deliver. Incorporation of reduction-sensitive linkages and light-degradable linkages affords significant changes in the release profiles of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in the presence of the reducing agent glutathione or light, respectively. The bioactivity of the released FGF-2 is comparable to pristine FGF-2, indicating the ability of these hydrogels to retain the bioactivity of cargo molecules during encapsulation and release. Further, in vivo studies demonstrate degradation-mediated release of FGF-2. Overall, our studies demonstrate the potential of these unique stimuli-responsive chemistries for controlling the local release of low molecular weight proteins in response to clinically relevant stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prathamesh M. Kharkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803
| | - Laura P. Olney
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Paige J. LeValley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lambert‐Porcheron S, Normand S, Blond E, Sothier M, Roth H, Meynier A, Vinoy S, Laville M, Nazare J. Modulation of Starch Digestibility in Breakfast Cereals Consumed by Subjects with Metabolic Risk: Impact on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation during Fasting and the Postprandial Period. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Normand
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône‐AlpesCentre Hospitalier Lyon Sud France
| | - Emilie Blond
- Univ‐Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA LyonCharles Mérieux Medical School, Centre Européen Pour la Nutrition et la Santé Oullins France
| | - Monique Sothier
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône‐AlpesCentre Hospitalier Lyon Sud France
| | - Hubert Roth
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône‐AlpesCentre Hospitalier Lyon Sud France
- Pôle Recherche, CHU Grenoble, INSERM 1055‐BioénergétiqueUniversité Grenoble Alpes Grenoble
| | | | - Sophie Vinoy
- Département de nutritionMondelez international R&D Saclay France
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône‐AlpesCentre Hospitalier Lyon Sud France
- Univ‐Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA LyonCharles Mérieux Medical School, Centre Européen Pour la Nutrition et la Santé Oullins France
| | - Julie‐Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône‐AlpesCentre Hospitalier Lyon Sud France
- Univ‐Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA LyonCharles Mérieux Medical School, Centre Européen Pour la Nutrition et la Santé Oullins France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Giustarini D, Colombo G, Garavaglia ML, Astori E, Portinaro NM, Reggiani F, Badalamenti S, Aloisi AM, Santucci A, Rossi R, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I. Assessment of glutathione/glutathione disulphide ratio and S-glutathionylated proteins in human blood, solid tissues, and cultured cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:360-375. [PMID: 28807817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the major non-protein thiol in humans and other mammals, which is present in millimolar concentrations within cells, but at much lower concentrations in the blood plasma. GSH and GSH-related enzymes act both to prevent oxidative damage and to detoxify electrophiles. Under oxidative stress, two GSH molecules become linked by a disulphide bridge to form glutathione disulphide (GSSG). Therefore, assessment of the GSH/GSSG ratio may provide an estimation of cellular redox metabolism. Current evidence resulting from studies in human blood, solid tissues, and cultured cells suggests that GSH also plays a prominent role in protein redox regulation via S -glutathionylation, i.e., the conjugation of GSH to reactive protein cysteine residues. A number of methodologies that enable quantitative analysis of GSH/GSSG ratio and S-glutathionylated proteins (PSSG), as well as identification and visualization of PSSG in tissue sections or cultured cells are currently available. Here, we have considered the main methodologies applied for GSH, GSSG and PSSG detection in biological samples. This review paper provides an up-to-date critical overview of the application of the most relevant analytical, morphological, and proteomics approaches to detect and analyse GSH, GSSG and PSSG in mammalian samples as well as discusses their current limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Astori
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Marcello Portinaro
- Clinica ortopedica e traumatologica, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Badalamenti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aloisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Olmos Moya PM, Martínez Alfaro M, Kazemi R, Alpuche-Avilés MA, Griveau S, Bedioui F, Gutiérrez Granados S. Simultaneous Electrochemical Speciation of Oxidized and Reduced Glutathione. Redox Profiling of Oxidative Stress in Biological Fluids with a Modified Carbon Electrode. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10726-10733. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rezvan Kazemi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | | | - Sophie Griveau
- Université
Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Université
Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yin CX, Xiong KM, Huo FJ, Salamanca JC, Strongin RM. Fluorescent Probes with Multiple Binding Sites for the Discrimination of Cys, Hcy, and GSH. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13188-13198. [PMID: 28703457 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) play crucial roles in maintaining redox homeostasis in biological systems. This Minireview summarizes the most significant current challenges in the field of thiol-reactive probes for biomedical research and diagnostics, emphasizing the needs and opportunities that have been under-investigated by chemists in the selective probe and sensor field. Progress on multiple binding site probes to distinguish Cys, Hcy, and GSH is highlighted as a creative new direction in the field that can enable simultaneous, accurate ratiometric monitoring. New probe design strategies and researcher priorities can better help address current challenges, including the monitoring of disease states such as autism and chronic diseases involving oxidative stress that are characterized by divergent levels of GSH, Cys, and Hcy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Institute of Molecular Science,Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Kang-Ming Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Institute of Molecular Science,Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Fang-Jun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - James C Salamanca
- Department of Chemistry, Portland state University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Robert M Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland state University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yin CX, Xiong KM, Huo FJ, Salamanca JC, Strongin RM. Fluoreszenzsonden mit mehreren Bindungsstellen unterscheiden zwischen Cys, Hcy und GSH. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering des Bildungsministeriums, Institut für Molekularwissenschaften, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage der Provinz Shanxi; Universität Shanxi; Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Kang-Ming Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering des Bildungsministeriums, Institut für Molekularwissenschaften, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage der Provinz Shanxi; Universität Shanxi; Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Fang-Jun Huo
- Forschungsinstitut für Angewandte Chemie; Universität Shanxi; Taiyuan 030006 China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cobley JN, Close GL, Bailey DM, Davison GW. Exercise redox biochemistry: Conceptual, methodological and technical recommendations. Redox Biol 2017; 12:540-548. [PMID: 28371751 PMCID: PMC5377294 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise redox biochemistry is of considerable interest owing to its translational value in health and disease. However, unaddressed conceptual, methodological and technical issues complicate attempts to unravel how exercise alters redox homeostasis in health and disease. Conceptual issues relate to misunderstandings that arise when the chemical heterogeneity of redox biology is disregarded: which often complicates attempts to use redox-active compounds and assess redox signalling. Further, that oxidised macromolecule adduct levels reflect formation and repair is seldom considered. Methodological and technical issues relate to the use of out-dated assays and/or inappropriate sample preparation techniques that confound biochemical redox analysis. After considering each of the aforementioned issues, we outline how each issue can be resolved and provide a unifying set of recommendations. We specifically recommend that investigators: consider chemical heterogeneity, use redox-active compounds judiciously, abandon flawed assays, carefully prepare samples and assay buffers, consider repair/metabolism, use multiple biomarkers to assess oxidative damage and redox signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James N Cobley
- Department for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Abertay University, 40 Bell Street, Dundee, Scotland DD1 1HG, UK.
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool, England L3 3AF, UK
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, CF37 4AT, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Reichwald Health Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT37 OQB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lu W, Su X, Klein MS, Lewis IA, Fiehn O, Rabinowitz JD. Metabolite Measurement: Pitfalls to Avoid and Practices to Follow. Annu Rev Biochem 2017; 86:277-304. [PMID: 28654323 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites are the small biological molecules involved in energy conversion and biosynthesis. Studying metabolism is inherently challenging due to metabolites' reactivity, structural diversity, and broad concentration range. Herein, we review the common pitfalls encountered in metabolomics and provide concrete guidelines for obtaining accurate metabolite measurements, focusing on water-soluble primary metabolites. We show how seemingly straightforward sample preparation methods can introduce systematic errors (e.g., owing to interconversion among metabolites) and how proper selection of quenching solvent (e.g., acidic acetonitrile:methanol:water) can mitigate such problems. We discuss the specific strengths, pitfalls, and best practices for each common analytical platform: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and enzyme assays. Together this information provides a pragmatic knowledge base for carrying out biologically informative metabolite measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Lu
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| | - Matthias S Klein
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616.,Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6501046. [PMID: 28698768 PMCID: PMC5494111 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6501046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers of oxidative stress are relevant in the evaluation of the disease status and of the health-enhancing effects of antioxidants. We aim to discuss the major methodological bias of methods used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in humans. There is a lack of consensus concerning the validation, standardization, and reproducibility of methods for the measurement of the following: (1) ROS in leukocytes and platelets by flow cytometry, (2) markers based on ROS-induced modifications of lipids, DNA, and proteins, (3) enzymatic players of redox status, and (4) total antioxidant capacity of human body fluids. It has been suggested that the bias of each method could be overcome by using indexes of oxidative stress that include more than one marker. However, the choice of the markers considered in the global index should be dictated by the aim of the study and its design, as well as by the clinical relevance in the selected subjects. In conclusion, the clinical significance of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans must come from a critical analysis of the markers that should give an overall index of redox status in particular conditions.
Collapse
|