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Zhao J, Wu T, Wang S, Wang H. Aeromonas veronii-associated bacteremia in the course of treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: a case report and review of the literature. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:493. [PMID: 39331282 PMCID: PMC11436595 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to report a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) complicated by Aeromonas veronii infection-induced bacteremia and to review relevant literature on the etiology, prevention, treatment, and prognosis of bacteremia in immunocompromised populations, aiming to reduce mortality in individuals with hematologic and other end-stage diseases and improve patient outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We reported the case of a 23-year-old male patient with relapsed AML characterized by AML1:ETO and ASXL positivity, classified as a high-risk group. The patient presented with fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting after consuming partially cooked fish. The patient was admitted with high leucocytes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukin-6 levels. Peripheral blood high-throughput sequencing (Next-Generation Sequencing NGS) confirmed infection with Aeromonas veronii, while an abdominal CT scan indicated a liver abscess with gas formation. Culture of the drainage fluid from the ultrasound-guided liver abscess puncture demonstrated growth of Aeromonas veronii. Based on the sensitivity results, the patient was treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin and cefoperazone-sulbactam. After treatment with antibiotics, blood transfusion, liver protection, and azacitidine 100 mg ih, combined with dry white sand(interferon alpha-1B, interleukin-2, and thalidomide), the critical condition of the patient improved, and he was discharged. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Medical Research in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology. Informed consent was obtained from this patient and we have obscured the patient's identifying information. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. CONCLUSION When patients with a recurrence of AML have a history of consuming or contacting aquatic products, clinicians should be vigilant about Aeromonas veronii infection. The presence of Aeromonas veronii in peripheral blood must alert clinicians to the possibility of severe sepsis and septic shock. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to reducing patient mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashan Zhao
- Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Tianjiao Wu
- Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Songyun Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huirui Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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Ueda H, Tomioka A, Higashiyama M, Kimoto Y, Oguro T, Okazaki S, Ayaki K, Yoshidome Y, Tahara H, Nishimura H, Ito S, Tanemoto R, Takajo T, Narimatsu K, Komoto S, Tomita K, Matsukuma S, Hokari R. Fulminant necrotizing fasciitis by Edwardsiella tarda in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:343-347. [PMID: 37866623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
We herein present a unique and extremely rare fulminant case of Edwardsiella tarda infection-related necrotizing fasciitis. The patient had alcoholic cirrhosis and preferred to consume raw fish. He experienced painful swelling of the right forearm one day after he got a minor injury when falling from the ladder, and visited our hospital. His accompanied symptoms were diarrhea and general fatigue. His consciousness got deteriorated after the admission. The lesion of the right forearm had spread and the color had deteriorated with epidermolysis in a few hours. Necrotizing soft-tissue infection was suspected, and emergency debridement of the swollen forearm was performed 4 hours after the admission. However, unfortunately, he died of sepsis approximately 5 hours later. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed features consistent with those of necrotizing fasciitis. The bacterial cultures of blood and the wound identified E. tarda. Since this microorganism is usually isolated from aquatic environments and can cause intestinal infection, sometimes followed by bacteremia especially in immunocompromised hosts, two possible infection routes were suspected. One route was from the skin injury, leading to bacteremia. Another possible route was per oral: orally taken E. tarda invaded deeper tissues from the intestine and reach the bloodstream, leading to extraintestinal infections, although direct evidence remains elusive. Raw fish eaten 1 week prior is considered to be the most possible contaminated food. Overall mortality rate of E. tarda bacteremia is very high and the clinician should pay attention on characteristic clinical findings of E. tarda infection on cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Higashiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yuya Kimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuma Oguro
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Soya Okazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kana Ayaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshidome
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Suguru Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rina Tanemoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takajo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Narimatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Komoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Susumu Matsukuma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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Tao J, Tu C, Xu Z, Bai Y, Chen B, Yang S, Huang X, Zhang L, Liu L, Lin L, Qin Z. The infection of Aeromonas hydrophila activated Multiple programmed cell death pathways in red blood cells of Clarias fuscus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109315. [PMID: 38134975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to mammalian red blood cells (RBCs), Osteichthyes RBCs contain a nucleus and organelles, suggesting the involvement of more intricate mechanisms, particularly in the context of ferroptosis. In this study, we utilized RBCs from Clarias fuscus (referred to as Cf-RBCs) as a model system. We conducted RNA-seq analysis to quantify gene expression levels in Cf-RBCs after exposure to both Aeromonas hydrophila and lipopolysaccharides. Our analysis unveiled 1326 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Cf-RBCs following 4 h of incubation with A. hydrophila, comprising 715 and 611 genes with upregulated and downregulated expression, respectively. These DEGs were further categorized into functional clusters: 292 related to cellular processes, 241 involved in environmental information processing, 272 associated with genetic information processing, and 399 linked to organismal systems. Additionally, notable changes were observed in genes associated with the autophagy pathway at 4 h, and alterations in the ferroptosis pathway were observed at 8 h following A. hydrophila incubation. To validate these findings, we assessed the expression of cytokines (DMT1, TFR1, LC3, and GSS). All selected genes were significantly upregulated after exposure to A. hydrophila. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the extent of ferroptosis, and the group incubated with A. hydrophila for 8 h exhibited higher levels of lipid peroxidation compared with the 4-h incubation group, even under baseline conditions. An evaluation of the glutathione redox system through GSSG/GSH ratios indicated an increased ratio in Cf-RBCs after exposure to A. hydrophila. In summary, our data suggest that A. hydrophila may induce ferroptosis in Cf-RBCs, potentially by triggering the cystine/glutamate antiporter system (system XC-), while Cf-RBCs counteract ferroptosis through the regulation of the glutathione redox system. These findings contribute to our understanding of the iron overload mechanism in Osteichthyes RBCs, provide insights into the management of bacterial diseases in Clarias fuscus, and offer potential strategies to mitigate economic losses in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Chengming Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Zizheng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Yanhan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Xiaoman Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Linpeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Lihan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China.
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Stanbaugh CL, Abter EI, Tompkins AL. Aeromonas veronii Cellulitis, Bacteremia, and Sepsis in a Patient With Liver Cirrhosis and End-Stage Renal Disease Following a Minor Abrasion With Exposure to Pond Water: A Case Report and Literature Review. IDCases 2022; 30:e01631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Xu C, Lin Q, Zhao Y, Zhu G, Jiang E, Li S, Mi Y, Zheng Y, Zhang F, Zhu X, Xiao Z, Han M, Wang J, Feng S. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of Aeromonas bloodstream infections in patients with hematological diseases. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:303. [PMID: 35351036 PMCID: PMC8962005 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the clinical features, risk factors and outcomes of Aeromonas bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients with hematological diseases to establish an effective optimal therapy against it. METHODS A retrospective study was performed by reviewing medical records of patients admitted to a tertiary blood disease hospital in China. Patients with hematological diseases who suffered from Aeromonas bacteremia during January 2002 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS A total of 63 patients who developed Aeromonas bacteremia were enrolled in the study, and 91.9% of patients were neutropenic at the onset of BSIs. The major complications were skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) (22.2%), followed by gastroenteritis (19.0%) and pneumonia (14.3%). High carbapenem resistance rates (70.8% for imipenem, 71.4% for meropenem) were note among the cases. Furthermore, Aeromonas strains isolated from five individuals developed resistance to quinolone, β-lactams and tigecycline during the therapy. The 30-day mortality rate was 15.9%, while bacteremia with SSTI showed a much worse prognosis, with 50.0% (7/14) of the patients dying within 30 days of initiating the therapy. In the multivariate analysis, SSTI (OR = 28.72; 95% CI, 1.50-551.30; P = 0.026) and shock (OR = 47.58; 95% CI,1.06-2126.80; P = 0.046) were independent risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS Aeromonas bacteremia usually occurred in patients with neutropenic status, and patients with SSTIs were more likely to show a worse prognosis. Carbapenems should be avoided in patients with Aeromonas BSIs and SSTIs given high resistance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhao
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangzhu Li
- General Medical Center for Blood diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- Leukemia Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- Anemia Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengkui Zhang
- Anemia Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Pediatric Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Leukemia Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Sizhou Feng
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, China.
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Patil SM, Hilker ED. Aeromonas hydrophila Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia With Septic Shock in a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patient Due to Absolute Neutropenia and Lymphopenia. Cureus 2022; 14:e23345. [PMID: 35475099 PMCID: PMC9018926 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative (GN) bacillus with an opportunistic potential in immunocompromised patients. They are ubiquitary in fresh and brackish water capable of infecting healthy and immunosuppressed patients. Clinical manifestations vary in healthy hosts compared to immunocompromised patients. Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) is an infrequent clinical presentation of A. hydrophila infection, even in immunosuppressed patients. It is also an uncommon cause of nosocomial and drowning-related pneumonia. Although a rare cause of CABP, the clinical course is fulminant with higher mortality due to lower clinical suspicion. Here, we present an immunocompromised 63-year-old Caucasian male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presenting with acute A. hydrophila CABP with septic shock due to absolute neutropenia and lymphopenia.
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7
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Garcia KD, Coda KA, Smith AA, Condren AR, Deng Y, Perkins C, Sanchez LM, Fortman JD. The Effects of Water Volume and Bacterial Concentration on the Water Filtration Assay Used in Zebrafish Health Surveillance. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021; 60:655-660. [PMID: 34470695 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The number of zebrafish in biomedical research has increased exponentially over the past decades, leading to pressure onthe laboratory animal community to develop and refine techniques to monitor zebrafish health so that suitable stocks can be maintained for research. The water filtration assay is a promising technique in which water from a zebrafish system is filtered, and the filter analyzed by PCR. In the present report, we studied how the volume of water tested and the concentration of bacterial pathogens affected test results. To do so, we used stock solutions of 3 zebrafish pathogens: Edwardsiella ictaluri, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Mycobacterium marinum. We used these stocks to create solutions with known concentrations of each pathogen, ranging between 102 and 107 Colony Forming Units (CFU) per ml. One, 2, and 3 L of each solution was filtered using positive pressure, and the filters were submitted to a commercial lab for PCR testing. Results were fit with a logistic regression model, and the probability of obtaining a positive result were calculated. Test sensitivity varied by organism, but in general, test results were positively correlated with the volume of the water filtered and with the concentration of bacteria in solution. We conclude that a positive result can be expected for E. ictaluri at 105 CFU per mL, A. hydrophila at 106 CFU perml, and M. marinum at 106 CFU per mL, when 3 L of solution are filtered.
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Kaya A, Kaya SY, Zerdali E, Koç A, Çağlar B, Ertürk ÜŞ, Yılmaz M, Aygün G, Balkan II, Mete B, Saltoglu N, Mert A, Tabak ÖF. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Aeromonas bacteremia in Turkey. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2021. [PMID: 34156968 DOI: 10.1556/030.2021.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cases with Aeromonas bacteremia in terms of clinical and microbiological characteristics, underlying disease and mortality rates. Patients with positive blood cultures were included in this research. Aeromonas bacteremia was diagnosed as at least one positive blood culture for Aeromonas species. The bacteremia was defined as community origin if the onset was in the community or within 72 hours of hospital admission. The others were considered as nosocomial. All bacteria were defined as Aeromonas with conventional method. Species identification was verified by VITEK system. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were analyzed with the disc diffusion, E-test method or VITEK system. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with bacteremia due to Aeromonas spp. Hematologic and solid tumors were the leading underlying conditions, followed by cirrhosis. Two patients (6%) had community-acquired infections. Aeromonas hydrophila was the most common isolated bacterium. The crude mortality rate was 36%. 12 patients died and 6 deaths and 4 deaths were detected in patients with bacteremia caused by A. hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria respectively. All strains were resistant to ampicillin and more than 90% of the strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolone, third generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Aeromonas sp. is not a frequent cause of bacteremia however, it may lead to high mortality rates, especially in the immunocompromised hosts and patients with liver cirrhosis. Nosocomial Aeromonas bacteremia is not uncommon in these populations. Broad-spectrum cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems remain as effective antimicrobial agents for therapy of Aeromonas bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Kaya
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Yıldız Kaya
- 2Department of Infectious Disease, Sungurlu State Hospital, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Esra Zerdali
- 3Department of Infectious Disease, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Koç
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Çağlar
- 5Department of Infectious Disease, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mesut Yılmaz
- 7Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Aygün
- 8Department of Medical Microbiolog, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilker Inanç Balkan
- 5Department of Infectious Disease, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilgül Mete
- 5Department of Infectious Disease, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Neşe Saltoglu
- 5Department of Infectious Disease, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Mert
- 7Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Fehmi Tabak
- 5Department of Infectious Disease, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Huang DW, Liu HH, Dai NT, Chen SG, Tzeng YS. Necrotizing Fasciitis Caused by Aeromonas hydrophila With Catastrophic Progression. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2020; 20:379-383. [PMID: 33325308 DOI: 10.1177/1534734620973490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe deep soft tissue infection with poor disease prognosis. The Aeromonas species is characterized as gram-negative, facultative, anaerobic small bacilli that are ubiquitously distributed in aquatic environments. Necrotizing fasciitis caused by this species is rare but has an extremely high mortality rate, especially in immunocompromised individuals. This study presents the case of a 39-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class B, with necrotizing fasciitis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Despite debridement and bilateral above-knee amputation performed immediately, rapid progression to bilateral upper limbs and trunk was noted in 24 hours. The patient expired from septic shock with multiple organ failure in less than 48 hours following initial presentation. Two similar cases with different medical intervention and results have been reported in the literature and are further discussed in the present study. This allows the authors to suggest potential solutions for an improved clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Wei Huang
- Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Hung-Hui Liu
- Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Shyi-Gen Chen
- Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Yuan-Sheng Tzeng
- Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
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10
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Huang TY, Peng KT, Hsu WH, Hung CH, Chuang FY, Tsai YH. Independent Predictors of Mortality for Aeromonas Necrotizing Fasciitis of Limbs: An 18-year Retrospective Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7716. [PMID: 32382057 PMCID: PMC7205975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) of the limbs caused by Aeromonas species is an extremely rare and life-threatening skin and soft tissue infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specific characteristics and the independent predictors of mortality in patients with Aeromonas NF. Sixty-eight patients were retrospectively reviewed over an 18-year period. Differences in mortality, demographics data, comorbidities, symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, microbiological analysis, empiric antibiotics treatment and clinical outcomes were compared between the non-survival and the survival groups. Twenty patients died with the mortality rate of 29.4%. The non-survival group revealed significant differences in bacteremia, monomicrobial infection, cephalosporins resistance, initial ineffective empiric antibiotics usage, chronic kidney disease, chronic hepatic dysfunction, tachypnea, shock, hemorrhagic bullae, skin necrosis, leukopenia, band polymorphonuclear neutrophils >10%, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The multivariate analysis identified four variables predicting mortality: bloodstream infection, shock, skin necrosis, and initial ineffective empirical antimicrobial usage against Aeromonas. NF caused by Aeromonas spp. revealed high mortality rates, even through aggressive surgical debridement and antibacterial therapies. Identifying those independent predictors, such as bacteremia, shock, progressive skin necrosis, monomicrobial infection, and application of the effective antimicrobial agents against Aeromonas under the supervision of infectious doctors, may improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ti Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Chuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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11
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Fernández-Bravo A, Figueras MJ. An Update on the Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010129. [PMID: 31963469 PMCID: PMC7022790 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas belongs to the Aeromonadaceae family and comprises a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in humans, fish, and other aquatic animals. However, bacteria of this genus are isolated from many other habitats, environments, and food products. The taxonomy of this genus is complex when phenotypic identification methods are used because such methods might not correctly identify all the species. On the other hand, molecular methods have proven very reliable, such as using the sequences of concatenated housekeeping genes like gyrB and rpoD or comparing the genomes with the type strains using a genomic index, such as the average nucleotide identity (ANI) or in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH). So far, 36 species have been described in the genus Aeromonas of which at least 19 are considered emerging pathogens to humans, causing a broad spectrum of infections. Having said that, when classifying 1852 strains that have been reported in various recent clinical cases, 95.4% were identified as only four species: Aeromonas caviae (37.26%), Aeromonas dhakensis (23.49%), Aeromonas veronii (21.54%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (13.07%). Since aeromonads were first associated with human disease, gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and wound infections have dominated. The literature shows that the pathogenic potential of Aeromonas is considered multifactorial and the presence of several virulence factors allows these bacteria to adhere, invade, and destroy the host cells, overcoming the immune host response. Based on current information about the ecology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of the genus Aeromonas, we should assume that the infections these bacteria produce will remain a great health problem in the future. The ubiquitous distribution of these bacteria and the increasing elderly population, to whom these bacteria are an opportunistic pathogen, will facilitate this problem. In addition, using data from outbreak studies, it has been recognized that in cases of diarrhea, the infective dose of Aeromonas is relatively low. These poorly known bacteria should therefore be considered similarly as enteropathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter.
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12
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Bhowmick UD, Bhattacharjee S. Bacteriological, Clinical and Virulence Aspects of Aeromonas-associated Diseases in Humans. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:137-149. [PMID: 30015452 PMCID: PMC7256846 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonads have been isolated from varied environmental sources such as polluted and drinking water, as well as from tissues and body fluids of cold and warm-blooded animals. A phenotypically and genotypically heterogenous bacteria, aeromonads can be successfully identified by ribotyping and/or by analysing gyrB gene sequence, apart from classical biochemical characterization. Aeromonads are known to cause scepticemia in aquatic organisms, gastroenteritis and extraintestinal diseases such as scepticemia, skin, eye, wound and respiratory tract infections in humans. Several virulence and antibiotic resistance genes have been identified and isolated from this group, which if present in their mobile genetic elements, may be horizontally transferred to other naive environmental bacteria posing threat to the society. The extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has given rise to many resistant varieties of bacteria. Multidrug resistance genes, such as NDM1, have been identified in this group of bacteria which is of serious health concern. Therefore, it is important to understand how antibiotic resistance develops and spreads in order to undertake preventive measures. It is also necessary to search and map putative virulence genes of Aeromonas for fighting the diseases caused by them. This review encompasses current knowledge of bacteriological, environmental, clinical and virulence aspects of the Aeromonas group and related diseases in humans and other animals of human concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Dey Bhowmick
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal,Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri, District Darjeeling, West Bengal,India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal,Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri, District Darjeeling, West Bengal,India
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13
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Monti M, Torri A, Amadori E, Rossi A, Bartolini G, Casadei C, Frassineti GL. Aeromonas veronii biovar veronii and sepsis-infrequent complication of biliary drainage placement: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:759-764. [PMID: 30968041 PMCID: PMC6448070 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i6.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas species are uncommon pathogens in biliary sepsis and cause substantial mortality in patients with impaired hepatobiliary function. Asia has the highest incidence of infection from Aeromonas, whereas cases in the west are rare.
CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with advanced pancreatic cancer and jaundice who manifested fever, abdominal pain, severe thrombocytopenia, anemia and kidney failure following the insertion of a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Blood culture results revealed the presence of Aeromonas veronii biovar veronii (A. veronii biovar veronii). After antibiotic therapy and transfusions, the life-threatening clinical conditions of the patient improved and she was discharged.
CONCLUSION This was a rare case of infection, probably the first to be reported in West countries, caused by A. veronii biovar veronii following biliary drainage. A finding of Aeromonas must alert clinician to the possibility of severe sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Monti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Arianna Torri
- Unit of Microbiology, Wide Catchment Area of Romagna Laboratory, Cesena 47522, Italy
| | - Elena Amadori
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Giulia Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Chiara Casadei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
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14
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Ugarte-Torres A, Perry S, Franko A, Church DL. Multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila causing fatal bilateral necrotizing fasciitis in an immunocompromised patient: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:326. [PMID: 30382899 PMCID: PMC6211551 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas hydrophila is a water-dwelling, gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, associated with diarrheal illness and, less commonly, necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections, especially among immunocompromised patients. Necrotizing fasciitis is associated with a high mortality rate, especially when caused by Aeromonas spp. Our patient was infected with an extremely aggressive form of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp. that produced both an extended-spectrum β-lactamase and an AmpC enzyme. Aeromonads are being recognized as important emerging pathogens because of their inherent antibiotic resistance profiles compounded by other virulence factors. These difficult-to-treat organisms can have significant implications in both clinical and public health settings. CASE PRESENTATION A 37-year-old Caucasian male with immunosuppression due to aplastic anemia being treated with cyclosporine, presented to hospital with relapsed disease. While in hospital, he subsequently developed overwhelming sepsis secondary to bilateral lower extremity necrotizing fasciitis. The necrotizing fasciitis was caused by a multidrug-resistant strain of A. hydrophila. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics and aggressive surgical debridement, he succumbed to this severe invasive infection. CONCLUSIONS Necrotizing fasciitis caused by Aeromonas spp. is a rare infection that may have a poor clinical outcome, particularly if the diagnosis is delayed and/or the organism is highly virulent and multidrug resistant. Enhanced education of clinicians and microbiologists is required to prevent unnecessary complications and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ugarte-Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 9-3535 Research Rd NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada
| | - Sarah Perry
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 9-3535 Research Rd NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada
| | - Angela Franko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Deirdre L Church
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 9-3535 Research Rd NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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15
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Mohan B, Sethuraman N, Verma R, Taneja N. Speciation, clinical profile & antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas species isolated from cholera-like illnesses in a tertiary care hospital in north India. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:S53-S58. [PMID: 29205196 PMCID: PMC5735571 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_378_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Aeromonas species have been reported to cause various illnesses in humans such as wound infections, septicaemia, peritonitis and pneumonia. Their role in causation of cholera-like illness is also being increasingly recognized. This retrospective study was done to know the presence of Aeromonas as a cause of acute diarrhoea in a tertiary care hospital and to find the common species of Aeromonas causing diarrhoea and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods: Fifty isolates of Aeromonas were obtained over a period of 15 yr from 2000 to 2014 from patients of suspected acute gastroenteritis resembling cholera. Biotyping was done for 35 of these isolates available in culture collection, based on a panel of 13 biochemical reactions. Antibiogram was put up for all of these isolates by disk diffusion methods and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: Of the 50 patients of Aeromonas-related acute gastroenteritis, 13 (26%) had typical features of cholera with rice water stools and severe dehydration. Eight patients (16%) had dysentery-like picture. One patient died of severe dehydration and septicaemia. The most common species were found to be Aeromonas caviae (34%) followed by Aeromonas veronii biovar veronii (29%), Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria (26%) and Aeromonas hydrophila (9%). All tested isolates were uniformly susceptible to cefepime, amikacin, azithromycin and meropenem; 14 per cent were susceptible to amoxicillin, 32 per cent to nalidixic acid, 60 per cent to co-trimoxazole, 54 per cent to ciprofloxacin, 60 per cent to ofloxacin, 74 per cent to chloramphenicol, 76 per cent to ceftriaxone, 74 per cent to cefotaxime, 88 per cent to gentamicin and 86 per cent to furoxone. Interpretation & conclusions: Aeromonas is an important, often neglected pathogen capable of causing a variety of gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as acute diarrhoea and dysentery and may even mimic cholera. It is, therefore, pertinent to recognize this pathogen as an important agent in the causation of severe diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balvinder Mohan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nandini Sethuraman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritu Verma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Taneja
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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16
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Cardozo FA, Gonzalez JM, Feitosa VA, Pessoa A, Rivera ING. Bioconversion of α-chitin into N-acetyl-glucosamine using chitinases produced by marine-derived Aeromonas caviae isolates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:201. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Imamura T, Murakami Y, Nitta H. Aeromonas sobria serine protease (ASP): a subtilisin family endopeptidase with multiple virulence activities. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1055-1068. [PMID: 28432839 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas sobria serine protease (ASP) is secreted from Aeromonas sobria, a pathogen causing gastroenteritis and sepsis. ASP resembles Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kex2, a member of the subtilisin family, and preferentially cleaves peptide bonds at the C-terminal side of paired basic amino acid residues; also accepting unpaired arginine at the P1 site. Unlike Kex2, however, ASP lacks an intramolecular chaperone N-terminal propeptide, instead utilizes the external chaperone ORF2 for proper folding, therefore, ASP and its homologues constitute a new subfamily in the subtilisin family. Through activation of the kallikrein/kinin system, ASP induces vascular leakage, and presumably causes edema and septic shock. ASP accelerates plasma clotting by α-thrombin generation from prothrombin, whereas it impairs plasma clottability by fibrinogen degradation, together bringing about blood coagulation disorder that occurs in disseminated intravascular coagulation, a major complication of sepsis. From complement C5 ASP liberates C5a that induces neutrophil recruitment and superoxide release, and mast cell degranulation, which are associated with pus formation, tissue injury and diarrhea, respectively. Nicked two-chain ASP also secreted from A. sobria is more resistant to inactivation by α2-macroglobulin than single-chain ASP, thereby raising virulence activities. Thus, ASP is a potent virulence factor and may participate in the pathogenesis of A. sobria infection.
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18
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Pathogens of Food Animals: Sources, Characteristics, Human Risk, and Methods of Detection. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 82:277-365. [PMID: 28427535 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens associated with food production (livestock) animals come in many forms causing a multitude of disease for humans. For the purpose of this review, these infectious agents can be divided into three broad categories: those that are associated with bacterial disease, those that are associated with viruses, and those that are parasitic in nature. The goal of this chapter is to provide the reader with an overview of the most common pathogens that cause disease in humans through exposure via the food chain and the consequence of this exposure as well as risk and detection methods. We have also included a collection of unusual pathogens that although rare have still caused disease, and their recognition is warranted in light of emerging and reemerging diseases. These provide the reader an understanding of where the next big outbreak could occur. The influence of the global economy, the movement of people, and food makes understanding production animal-associated disease paramount to being able to address new diseases as they arise.
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19
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Draft Genome Sequence of Marine-Derived Aeromonas caviae CHZ306, a Potential Chitinase Producer Strain. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/6/e01293-16. [PMID: 27856589 PMCID: PMC5114381 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01293-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here a draft genome sequence of Aeromonas caviae CHZ306, a marine-derived bacterium with the ability to hydrolyze chitin and express high levels of chitinases. The assembly resulted in 65 scaffolds with approximately 4.78 Mb. Genomic analysis revealed different genes encoding chitin-degrading enzymes that can be used for chitin derivative production.
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20
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Carriero MM, Mendes Maia AA, Moro Sousa RL, Henrique-Silva F. Characterization of a new strain of Aeromonas dhakensis isolated from diseased pacu fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in Brazil. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1285-1295. [PMID: 26850370 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a detailed description and characterization of a strain of Aeromonas dhakensis isolated from a diseased juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus obtained from the fish farm of the National Center for Continental Fish Research and Conservation (CEPTA/ICMBio), in the state of São Paul, Brazil. Biochemical tests using the VITEK 2 automated bacterial identification system identified the isolate to genus level; however, further molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD genes showed that the strain belonged to the species A. dhakensis. As expected, the isolated A. dhakensis strain was resistant to ampicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam, as resistance to ampicillin is a typical characteristic of the genus Aeromonas. Resistance to cefoxitin and meropenem was also observed, but the strain was susceptible to most of the tested antibiotics. The isolated strain of A. dhakensis caused acute haemorrhagic septicaemia in experimentally infected P. mesopotamicus, with a fifty per cent lethal dose of 1.14 × 105 CFU/fish. This is the first report of the occurrence of an A. dhakensis strain causing an infection in a fish species of South America, providing important epidemiologic data relating to this important pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Carriero
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - A A Mendes Maia
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - R L Moro Sousa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - F Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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21
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Abstract
We report here the draft genome sequence of Aeromonas sp. strain EERV15 isolated from sand filter. The organism most closely related to Aeromonas sp. EERV15 is Aeromonas veronii B565, with an average 83% amino acid sequence similarity of putatively encoded protein open reading frames.
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22
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Wan X, Ruan R, McLaughlin RW, Hao Y, Zheng J, Wang D. Fecal Bacterial Composition of the Endangered Yangtze Finless Porpoises Living Under Captive and Semi-natural Conditions. Curr Microbiol 2015; 72:306-14. [PMID: 26620537 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is essential to the health and physiology of host animals. We undertook the first microbiological study of the fecal bacterial composition from critically endangered (CR) Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis; YFPs) living under captive and semi-natural conditions using both high-throughput sequencing method and 16S rRNA gene clone library method. As determined by high-throughput sequencing of V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, semi-natural samples harbored 30 and 36 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which was more than the 22 and 27 OTUs detected from YFPs living in captivity. In captive YFPs Firmicutes was the predominant phylum, whereas this was Proteobacteria for YFPs living in semi-nature conditions. This suggests habitat-specific fecal bacterial composition of YFPs. Plesiomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp., which are potentially pathogenic, were identified in all the feces. Bacterial diversity from one porpoise living in captivity was also determined by constructing a 16S rRNA gene clone library and only 1 phylum was identified. High-throughput sequencing was more effective at determining the bacterial diversity compared to the 16S rRNA gene clone library. This study provides important information for the management and conservation of the CR YFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Rui Ruan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Richard William McLaughlin
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Biology Department, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, 700 Terrace, Winona, MN, 55987-1399, USA
| | - Yujiang Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jinsong Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Ding Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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23
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Polar Glycosylated and Lateral Non-Glycosylated Flagella from Aeromonas hydrophila Strain AH-1 (Serotype O11). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28255-69. [PMID: 26633358 PMCID: PMC4691044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar and but not lateral flagellin proteins from Aeromonas hydrophila strain AH-1 (serotype O11) were found to be glycosylated. Top-down mass spectrometry studies of purified polar flagellins suggested the presence of a 403 Da glycan of mass. Bottom-up mass spectrometry studies showed the polar flagellin peptides to be modified with 403 Da glycans in O-linkage. The MS fragmentation pattern of this putative glycan was similar to that of pseudaminic acid derivative. Mutants lacking the biosynthesis of pseudaminic acid (pseB and pseI homologues) were unable to produce polar flagella but no changes were observed in lateral flagella by post-transcriptional regulation of the flagellin. Complementation was achieved by reintroduction of the wild-type pseB and pseI. We compared two pathogenic features (adhesion to eukaryotic cells and biofilm production) between the wild-type strain and two kinds of mutants: mutants lacking polar flagella glycosylation and lacking the O11-antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but with unaltered polar flagella glycosylation. Results suggest that polar flagella glycosylation is extremely important for A. hydrophila AH-1 adhesion to Hep-2 cells and biofilm formation. In addition, we show the importance of the polar flagella glycosylation for immune stimulation of IL-8 production via toll-"like" receptor 5 (TLR5).
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24
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Batra P, Mathur P, Misra M. Aeromonas spp as a causative agent for nosocomial infection in trauma patients. J Infect 2015; 70:687-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Makino I, Tajima H, Kitagawa H, Nakagawara H, Miyashita T, Nakanuma S, Hayashi H, Takamura H, Fushida S, Ohta T. A case of severe sepsis presenting marked decrease of neutrophils and interesting findings on dynamic CT. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2015; 16:322-7. [PMID: 26020838 PMCID: PMC4460910 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.893351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 60 Final Diagnosis: Sepsis Symptoms: Fever • shock Medication: Sivelestat sodium hydrate Clinical Procedure: PMX-DHP • CHDF Specialty: Infectious Diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Makino
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Tajima
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Nakagawara
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakanuma
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Wu CJ, Chen PL, Hsueh PR, Chang MC, Tsai PJ, Shih HI, Wang HC, Chou PH, Ko WC. Clinical implications of species identification in monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117821. [PMID: 25679227 PMCID: PMC4334500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in Aeromonas taxonomy have led to the reclassification of aeromonads. Hereon, we aimed to re-evaluate the characteristics of Aeromonas bacteremia, including those of a novel species, Aeromonas dhakensis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A retrospective study of monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia at a medical center in southern Taiwan from 2004-2011 was conducted. Species identification was based on rpoB sequencing. Of bacteremia of 153 eligible patients, A. veronii (50 isolates, 32.7%), A. dhakensis (48, 31.4%), A. caviae (43, 28.1%), and A. hydrophila (10, 6.5%) were the principal causative species. A. dhakensis and A. veronii bacteremia were mainly community-acquired and presented as primary bacteremia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, or skin and soft-tissue infection, whereas A. caviae was associated with hospital-onset bacteremia. The distribution of the AmpC β-lactamase and metallo-β-lactamase genes was species-specific: bla(AQU-1), bla(MOX), or bla(CepH) was present in A. dhakensis, A. caviae, or A. hydrophila, respectively, and bla(CphA) was present in A. veronii, A. dhakensis, and A. hydrophila. The cefotaxime resistance rates of the A. caviae, A. dhakensis, and A. hydrophila isolates were higher than that of A. veronii (39.5%%, 25.0%, and 30% vs. 2%, respectively). A. dhakensis bacteremia was linked to the highest 14-day sepsis-related mortality rate, followed by A. hydrophila, A. veronii, and A. caviae bacteremia (25.5%, 22.2%, 14.0%, and 4.7%, respectively; P = 0.048). Multivariate analysis revealed that A. dhakensis bacteremia, active malignancies, and a Pitt bacteremia score ≥ 4 was an independent mortality risk factor. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Characteristics of Aeromonas bacteremia vary between species. A. dhakensis prevalence and its associated poor outcomes suggest it an important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Chang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Shih
- Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chen Wang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chou
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Departments of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lobatón T, Hoffman I, Vermeire S, Ferrante M, Verhaegen J, Van Assche G. Aeromonas species: an opportunistic enteropathogen in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases? A single center cohort study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:71-8. [PMID: 25517595 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Aeromonas species as an enteropathogen in patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still debated. The aim was to explore the significance of positive Aeromonas stool cultures in IBD and patients without IBD. METHODS Observational retrospective study including all patients with a stool culture positive for Aeromonas between January 2011 and October 2013 at the Leuven University Hospitals. Demographics, clinical, and endoscopic outcomes and laboratory results were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 77 patients (11 IBD) were identified. In 37 cases, Aeromonas caused a mild self-limited gastrointestinal infection. Among the 40 patients needing antibiotics, 22 presented a mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal infection; 4 suffered from extraintestinal complications; and 4 were coinfected by Campylobacter spp. A. veronii caused more frequently severe infection than the other species (25% versus 5%; P = 0.046). In 2 patients with ulcerative colitis, Aeromonas triggered a moderate-to-severe flare and 2 cases appeared in the context of de novo Crohn's disease. In contrast, in 1 patient with ulcerative colitis and 2 patients with Crohn's disease, Aeromonas caused a mild gastrointestinal infection not worsening the disease activity and in 4 patients with Crohn's disease, it presented in the context of active disease with no clear pathogenic role. Patients with IBD were treated more often with antibiotics (82 versus 41%, P = 0.012) and had more complications (46 versus 14%, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Aeromonas caused mostly mild infections but also moderate and severe infections. A. veronii was more prevalent in patients with IBD and was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Aeromonas caused milder infections in patients without IBD. Other risk factors for severe infection were not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triana Lobatón
- Departments of *Gastroenterology; †Pediatrics; and ‡Microbiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Syue LS, Chen PL, Wu CJ, Lee NY, Lee CC, Li CW, Li MC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR, Ko WC. Monomicrobial Aeromonas and Vibrio bacteremia in cirrhotic adults in southern Taiwan: Similarities and differences. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:509-15. [PMID: 25070280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Aeromonas and Vibrio are important water-borne pathogens causing substantial morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients in Taiwan, but the differences in clinical manifestations of Aeromonas and Vibrio bacteremia have not been reported in detail. METHODS From January 2003 to September 2013, cirrhotic patients with monomicrobial Aeromonas or Vibrio bacteremia at a medical center in Taiwan were included in this study. RESULTS The study population consisted of 77 cirrhotic patients with Aeromonas bacteremia and 48 patients with Vibrio bacteremia. Both pathogens clustered during the summer season; Vibrio bacteremia was more correlated with higher temperatures (Vibrio: r(2) = 0.95, p < 0.0001; Aeromonas: r(2) = 0.74, p = 0.006) and was associated with ingestion of undercooked seafood (p = 0.03) or cutaneous exposure (p < 0.001). Vibrio bacteremia mainly occurred in mildly or moderately decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A and B: 45.8% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.003), and caused more soft-tissue infections (31.3% vs. 5.2%; p < 0.001) and renal dysfunction (1.6 ± 1.2 mg/dL vs. 1.3 ± 0.8 mg/dL, p = 0.006). Sepsis-related mortality was similar in the cases of Vibrio and Aeromonas bacteremia (14.6% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.96), but those with Vibrio bacteremia underwent a fulminant course, as evidenced by a shorter time from bacteremia onset to death (3.1 days vs. 8.2 days, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION In cirrhotic patients, bacteremia caused by Aeromonas and Vibrio species clustered in summer months and caused similar mortality, but Vibrio bacteremia led to a more severe and fulminant sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Shan Syue
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yao Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Development of cellulitis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation: a case report. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 49:595-6. [PMID: 24442251 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rosenzweig JA, Chopra AK. Modulation of host immune defenses by Aeromonas and Yersinia species: convergence on toxins secreted by various secretion systems. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:70. [PMID: 24199174 PMCID: PMC3812659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other pathogenic bacteria, Yersinia and Aeromonas species have been continuously co-evolving with their respective hosts. Although the former is a bonafide human pathogen, the latter has gained notararity as an emerging disease-causing agent. In response to immune cell challenges, bacterial pathogens have developed diverse mechanism(s) enabling their survival, and, at times, dominance over various host immune defense systems. The bacterial type three secretion system (T3SS) is evolutionarily derived from flagellar subunits and serves as a vehicle by which microbes can directly inject/translocate anti-host factors/effector proteins into targeted host immune cells. A large number of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens possess a T3SS empowering them to disrupt host cell signaling, actin cytoskeleton re-arrangements, and even to induce host-cell apoptotic and pyroptotic pathways. All pathogenic yersiniae and most Aeromonas species possess a T3SS, but they also possess T2- and T6-secreted toxins/effector proteins. This review will focus on the mechanisms by which the T3SS effectors Yersinia outer membrane protein J (YopJ) and an Aeromonas hydrophila AexU protein, isolated from the diarrheal isolate SSU, mollify host immune system defenses. Additionally, the mechanisms that are associated with host cell apoptosis/pyroptosis by Aeromonas T2SS secreted Act, a cytotoxic enterotoxin, and Hemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp), an A. hydrophila T6SS effector, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Rosenzweig
- Department of Biology, Center for Bionanotechnology and Environmental Research, Texas Southern University Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University Houston, TX, USA
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Morinaga Y, Yanagihara K, Eugenin FLL, Beaz-Hidalgo R, Kohno S, Figueras Salvat MJ. Identification error of Aeromonas aquariorum: A causative agent of septicemia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 76:106-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sha J, Rosenzweig JA, Kozlova EV, Wang S, Erova TE, Kirtley ML, van Lier CJ, Chopra AK. Evaluation of the roles played by Hcp and VgrG type 6 secretion system effectors in Aeromonas hydrophila SSU pathogenesis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 159:1120-1135. [PMID: 23519162 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.063495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium, is an emerging human pathogen equipped with both a type 3 and a type 6 secretion system (T6SS). In this study, we evaluated the roles played by paralogous T6SS effector proteins, hemolysin co-regulated proteins (Hcp-1 and -2) and valine glycine repeat G (VgrG-1, -2 and -3) protein family members in A. hydrophila SSU pathogenesis by generating various combinations of deletion mutants of the their genes. In addition to their predicted roles as structural components and effector proteins of the T6SS, our data clearly demonstrated that paralogues of Hcp and VgrG also influenced bacterial motility, protease production and biofilm formation. Surprisingly, there was limited to no observed functional redundancy among and/or between the aforementioned T6SS effector paralogues in multiple assays. Our data indicated that Hcp and VgrG paralogues located within the T6SS cluster were more involved in forming T6SS structures, while the primary roles of Hcp-1 and VgrG-1, located outside of the T6SS cluster, were as T6SS effectors. In terms of influence on bacterial physiology, Hcp-1, but not Hcp-2, influenced bacterial motility and protease production, and in its absence, increases in both of the aforementioned activities were observed. Likewise, VgrG-1 played a major role in regulating bacterial protease production, while VgrG-2 and VgrG-3 were critical in regulating bacterial motility and biofilm formation. In an intraperitoneal murine model of infection, all Hcp and VgrG paralogues were required for optimal bacterial virulence and dissemination to mouse peripheral organs. Importantly, the observed phenotypic alterations of the T6SS mutants could be fully complemented. Taking these results together, we have further established the roles played by the two known T6SS effectors of A. hydrophila by defining their contributions to T6SS function and virulence in both in vitro and in vivo models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sha
- Institute of Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jason A Rosenzweig
- Department of Biology, Center for Bionanotechnology and Environmental Research (CBER), Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Elena V Kozlova
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shaofei Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Tatiana E Erova
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michelle L Kirtley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Christina J van Lier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ashok K Chopra
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute of Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Kimura M, Araoka H, Yoneyama A. Aeromonas caviae is the most frequent pathogen amongst cases of Aeromonas bacteremia in Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 45:304-9. [DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2012.737474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Wu L, Jiang YN, Tang Q, Lin HX, Lu CP, Yao HC. Development of an Aeromonas hydrophila recombinant extracellular protease vaccine. Microb Pathog 2012; 53:183-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yeh HY, Klesius PH. Construction, expression and characterization of 11 putative flagellar apparatus genes of Aeromonas hydrophila AL09-73. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2012; 35:853-860. [PMID: 22924657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Yeh
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Wu CJ, Chen PL, Tang HJ, Chen HM, Tseng FC, Shih HI, Hung YP, Chung CH, Ko WC. Incidence of Aeromonas bacteremia in Southern Taiwan: vibrio and Salmonella bacteremia as comparators. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2012; 47:145-8. [PMID: 23063268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the investigation was to describe the incidence of Aeromonas bacteremia in a city with a population of about 1.87 million inhabitants, located in southern Taiwan, between 2008 and 2010. Such data were compared with the incidences of Vibrio and Salmonella bacteremia in the same period and the incidence of Aeromonas bacteremia in other countries in the literature. The data revealed the average annual incidences of bacteremia due to Aeromonas, Vibrio, and Salmonella species were 76, 38, and 103 cases/million inhabitants, respectively. The incidence of Aeromonas bacteremia was higher than those in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Wu
- Department of Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- Department of Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Mo Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chen Tseng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Hung
- Department of Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Huan Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Chen PL, Ko WC, Wu CJ. Complexity of β-lactamases among clinical Aeromonas isolates and its clinical implications. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2012; 45:398-403. [PMID: 23031536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas species, aquatic Gram-negative bacilli, distributed globally and ubiquitously in the natural environment, may be implicated in a variety of human diseases. They can produce various β-lactamases which confer resistance to a broad spectrum of β-lactams, and therefore in vitro susceptibility testing must be used to guide antimicrobial therapy. However, conventional in vitro susceptibility tests may sometimes fail to detect these β-lactamases, and hence raise a therapeutic challenge. In this review article, two chromosomally mediated β-lactamases (i.e., AmpC β-lactamases and metallo-β-lactamases) and acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamases in aeromonads are reviewed, and the clinical implications of the complexity of β-lactamases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
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Yeh HY, Klesius PH. Over-expression, purification and immune responses to Aeromonas hydrophila AL09-73 flagellar proteins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:1278-1283. [PMID: 21963857 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is ubiquitous in aquatic environments worldwide and causes many diseases in fish as well as human. Recent outbreaks of aeromonad diseases in channel catfish prompted us to investigate catfish immune responses during infection of A. hydrophila. In this communication, we report to amplify, over-express, purify and characterize 19 A. hydrophila flagellar proteins. All recombinant proteins were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of expression plasmids, SDS-PAGE analysis and His tag Western blot of induced proteins. Our preliminary result also showed that the purified recombinant FlgK protein reacted strongly to sera from experimentally infected catfish, suggesting that this protein has potential for a novel target for vaccine development. It is also anticipated that these recombinant proteins will provide us with very useful tools to investigate host immune response to this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yueh Yeh
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832-4352, USA.
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Chuang HC, Ho YH, Lay CJ, Wang LS, Tsai YS, Tsai CC. Different clinical characteristics among Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria and Aeromonas caviae monomicrobial bacteremia. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:1415-20. [PMID: 22065896 PMCID: PMC3207043 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.11.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the clinical presentations of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii biovar sobria and A. caviae monomicrobial bacteremia by a retrospective method at three hospitals in Taiwan during an 8-yr period. There were 87 patients with A. hydrophila bacteremia, 45 with A. veronii biovar sobria bacteremia and 22 with A. caviae bacteremia. Compared with A. hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria bacteremia, A. caviae bacteremia was more healthcare-associated (45 vs 30 and 16%; P = 0.031). The patients with A. caviae bacteremias were less likely to have liver cirrhosis (27 vs 62 and 64%; P = 0.007) and severe complications such as shock (9 vs 40 and 47%; P = 0.009) and thrombocytopenia (45 vs 67 and 87%; P = 0.002). The APACHE II score was the most important risk factor of Aeromonas bacteremia-associated mortalities. The APACHE II scores of A. caviae bacteremias were lower than A. hydrophila bacteremia and A. veronii biovar sobria bacteremia (7 vs 14 and 16 points; P = 0.002). In conclusion, the clinical presentation of A. caviae bacteremia was much different from A. hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria bacteremia. The severity and mortality of A. caviae bacteremia were lower than A. hydrophila or A. veronii biovar sobria bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chuan Chuang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Taipei Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huai Ho
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Jang Lay
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Shinn Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shu Tsai
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Tsai
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Nazarenko EL, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. The structural diversity of carbohydrate antigens of selected gram-negative marine bacteria. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1914-1954. [PMID: 22073003 PMCID: PMC3210612 DOI: 10.3390/md9101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microorganisms have evolved for millions of years to survive in the environments characterized by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters, e.g., high pressure, low temperature or high salinity. Marine bacteria have the ability to produce a range of biologically active molecules, such as antibiotics, toxins and antitoxins, antitumor and antimicrobial agents, and as a result, they have been a topic of research interest for many years. Among these biologically active molecules, the carbohydrate antigens, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs, O-antigens) found in cell walls of gram-negative marine bacteria, show great potential as candidates in the development of drugs to prevent septic shock due to their low virulence. The structural diversity of LPSs is thought to be a reflection of the ability for these bacteria to adapt to an array of habitats, protecting the cell from being compromised by exposure to harsh environmental stress factors. Over the last few years, the variety of structures of core oligosaccharides and O-specific polysaccharides from LPSs of marine microrganisms has been discovered. In this review, we discuss the most recently encountered structures that have been identified from bacteria belonging to the genera Aeromonas, Alteromonas, Idiomarina, Microbulbifer, Pseudoalteromonas, Plesiomonas and Shewanella of the Gammaproteobacteria phylum; Sulfitobacter and Loktanella of the Alphaproteobactera phylum and to the genera Arenibacter, Cellulophaga, Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Flexibacter of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum. Particular attention is paid to the particular chemical features of the LPSs, such as the monosaccharide type, non-sugar substituents and phosphate groups, together with some of the typifying traits of LPSs obtained from marine bacteria. A possible correlation is then made between such features and the environmental adaptations undertaken by marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny L. Nazarenko
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mail:
| | - Russell J. Crawford
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Elena P. Ivanova
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; E-Mail:
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Pieretti G, Carillo S, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Merino S, Tomás JM, Corsaro MM. Structural determination of the O-specific polysaccharide from Aeromonas hydrophila strain A19 (serogroup O:14) with S-layer. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2519-22. [PMID: 21920513 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Aeromonas are Gram-negative mesophilic and essentially ubiquitous in the microbial biosphere; moreover they are considered very important pathogens in fish and responsible for a great variety of human infections. The virulence of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with the structure of lipopolysaccharides, which consist of three regions covalently linked: the glycolipid (lipid A), the oligosaccharide region (core region) and the O-specific polysaccharide (O-chain, O-antigen). The O-chain region seems to play an important role in host-pathogen interaction. In the case of Aeromonas hydrophila the majority of pathogenic strains belongs to serogroups O:11, O:16, O:18 and O:34. In this paper, we report the complete structure of the O-chain of A. hydrophila strain A19 (serogroup O:14), a pathogenic strain isolated from European eels, which showed high virulence when tested in trout or mice. Dried cells were extracted by the PCP (phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether) method obtaining the lipopolysaccharide. After mild acid hydrolysis the lipid A was removed by centrifugation and the obtained polysaccharide was fully characterized by means of chemical analysis and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. All the data collected are directed towards the following structure: [See formula in text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pieretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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42
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Morinaga Y, Yanagihara K, Araki N, Harada Y, Yamada K, Akamatsu N, Matsuda J, Nishino T, Hasegawa H, Izumikawa K, Kakeya H, Yamamoto Y, Yasuoka A, Kohno S, Kamihira S. Clinical Characteristics of Seven Patients with Aeromonas Septicemia in a Japanese Hospital. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2011; 225:81-4. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.225.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Nobuko Araki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yosuke Harada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Koichi Yamada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Norihiko Akamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Junichi Matsuda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Kakeya
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Akira Yasuoka
- Nagasaki University Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Global COE Program, Nagasaki University
| | - Shimeru Kamihira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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43
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Parker JL, Shaw JG. Aeromonas spp. clinical microbiology and disease. J Infect 2010; 62:109-18. [PMID: 21163298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genus Aeromonas inhabit various aquatic environments and are responsible for, and are implicated in, a number of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans as well as other animals. This review focuses on invasive human infection and disease and summarizes available findings regarding the microbiology and detection of Aeromonas spp., with emphasis on successful identification and diagnosis, and the control of disease in the population. Antimicrobial resistance and therapy of Aeromonas spp. is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Parker
- Academic Unit of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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44
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Hochedez P, Hope-Rapp E, Olive C, Nicolas M, Beaucaire G, Cabié A. Bacteremia caused by Aeromonas species [corrected] complex in the Caribbean Islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83:1123-7. [PMID: 21036850 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species are Gram-negative bacilli of the water environment whose survival appears facilitated by warm climates. There have been no reports on Aeromonas species in the [corrected] Caribbean to date. Our aim was to describe clinical and bacteriological features in patients presenting with such bacteremia in Martinique and Guadeloupe. During a 14-year period, we retrospectively identified 37 patients. The mean age was 55 years and in 89% of cases underlying disease such as digestive diseases, cutaneous wounds, and malignancy were identified. One case was related to severe strongyloidiasis and one with snake bite. Polymicrobial bacteremia was identified in 38%, essentially with Enterobacteriaceae. All Aeromonas isolates were resistant to amoxicillin but extended-spectrum beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone were active against more than 95%. During hospitalization 10 patients died (27%). Older age, occurrence of multiorgan failure, and impaired renal function were associated with in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hochedez
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Disease, Fort de France Teaching Hospital, Martinique, France.
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Unraveling the mechanism of action of a new type III secretion system effector AexU from Aeromonas hydrophila. Microb Pathog 2010; 49:122-34. [PMID: 20553837 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently characterized a T3SS effector, AexU, from a diarrheal isolate SSU of Aeromonas hydrophila, which exhibited ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) activity. Here we provided evidence that AexU also possessed GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity, which was mainly responsible for host cell apoptosis and disruption of actin filaments. Earlier, we showed that the DeltaaexU null mutant was attenuated in a mouse model, and we now demonstrated that while the parental A. hydrophila strain could be detected in the lung, liver, and spleen of infected mice, the DeltaaexU mutant was rapidly cleared from these organs resulting in increased survivability of animals. Further, AexU prevented phosphorylation of c-Jun, JNK and IkappaBalpha and inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from HeLa cells. Our data indicated that AexU operated by inhibiting NF-kappaB and inactivating Rho GTPases. Importantly, however, when the DeltaaexU null mutant was complemented with the mutated aexU gene devoid of ADPRT and GAP activities, a higher mortality rate in mice with concomitant increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines was noted. These data indicated that either such a mutated AexU is a potent inducer of them or that AexU possesses yet another unknown activity that is modulated by ADPRT and GAP activities and results in this aberrant cytokine/chemokine production responsible for increased animal death.
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46
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Antimicrobial resistance and its genetic determinants in aeromonads isolated in ornamental (koi) carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Vet Microbiol 2010; 142:435-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the genus Aeromonas has undergone a number of significant changes of practical importance to clinical microbiologists and scientists alike. In parallel with the molecular revolution in microbiology, several new species have been identified on a phylogenetic basis, and the genome of the type species, A. hydrophila ATCC 7966, has been sequenced. In addition to established disease associations, Aeromonas has been shown to be a significant cause of infections associated with natural disasters (hurricanes, tsunamis, and earthquakes) and has been linked to emerging or new illnesses, including near-drowning events, prostatitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Despite these achievements, issues still remain regarding the role that Aeromonas plays in bacterial gastroenteritis, the extent to which species identification should be attempted in the clinical laboratory, and laboratory reporting of test results from contaminated body sites containing aeromonads. This article provides an extensive review of these topics, in addition to others, such as taxonomic issues, microbial pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance markers.
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48
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Lay CJ, Zhuang HJ, Ho YH, Tsai YS, Wang LS, Tsai CC. Different clinical characteristics between polymicrobial and monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia--a study of 216 cases. Intern Med 2010; 49:2415-21. [PMID: 21088342 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Part of Aeromonas bacteremia is polymicrobial infection. However, a clinical comparison of monomicrobial and polymicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia has not hitherto been reported. METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with Aeromonas bacteremia at three large referral hospitals in Taiwan for an 8-year period (2001-2008) was conducted. RESULTS There were 154 patients with monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia and 62 patients with polymicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia. In the polymicrobial infections, E. coli was the most common combined pathogen (42%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (24%) and Enterobacter spp. (16%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed solid cancer as the risk factor for polymicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia, with male gender and cirrhosis as risk factors for monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia. However, of all types of solid cancer, hepatoma was associated with monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia. APACHE II score was the most important prognostic factor in both groups. CONCLUSION Aeromonas bacteremia in patients with cirrhosis or male gender tended to be monomicrobial. Polymicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia was associated with solid cancers. In either polymicrobial or monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia, prognosis could be predicted according to disease severity measured by APACHE II score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorng-Jang Lay
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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49
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Das A, Saha D, Pal J. Antimicrobial resistance andin vitrogene transfer in bacteria isolated from the ulcers of EUS-affected fish in India. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 49:497-502. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Jiravanichpaisal P, Roos S, Edsman L, Liu H, Söderhäll K. A highly virulent pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila, from the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 101:56-66. [PMID: 19233188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pikul Jiravanichpaisal
- Molecular Aquatic Biology and Genetic Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin, Thailand Science Park, Thailand.
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