Exercise is medicine: key to cardiovascular disease and diabetes prevention

Development and validation of nomograms for predicting cardiovascular disease risk in patients with prediabetes and diabetes

This study aimed to develop and validate distinct nomogram models for assessing CVD risk in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes. In a cross-sectional study design, we examined data from 2294 prediabetes and 1037 diabetics who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted in the United States of America between 2007 and 2018. The dataset was randomly divided into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 0.75-0.25. The Boruta feature selection method was used in the training cohort to identify optimal predictors for CVD diagnosis. A web-based dynamic nomogram was developed using the selected features, which were validated in the validation cohort. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was performed to assess the nomogram's stability and performance. Receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves were used to assess the effectiveness of the nomogram. The clinical applicability of the nomogram was evaluated using decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves. In the prediabetes cohort, the CVD risk prediction nomogram included nine risk factors: age, smoking status, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, platelet count, white blood cell count, red cell distribution width, lactate dehydrogenase level, sleep disorder, and hypertension. In the diabetes cohort, the CVD risk prediction nomogram included eleven risk factors: age, material status, smoking status, systemic inflammatory response index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width, lactate dehydrogenase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sleep disorder, hypertension, and physical activity. The nomogram models developed in this study have good predictive and discriminant utility for predicting CVD risk in patients with prediabetes and diabetes.

The effects of camelina sativa oil and high-intensity interval training on liver function and metabolic outcomes in male type 2 diabetic rats

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent and combined effects of camelina sativa oil and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on liver function, and metabolic outcomes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five equal groups (8 per group): Normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic + camelina sativa oil (300 mg/kg by oral gavage per day; D + CSO), diabetic + HIIT (running on a treadmill 5 days/week for 8 weeks; D + HIIT), diabetic + camelina sativa oil + HIIT (D + CSO +  HIIT).

Results

In all three intervention groups (D + CSO, D + HIIT, and D + CSO + HIIT) compared to the DC, hepatic TNF-α, MDA, and histopathology markers, decreased and hepatic PGC-1α, and PPAR-γ increased (p < 0.05). However, the effect of D + CSO was greater than D + HIIT alone. Hepatic TG decreased significantly in D + HIIT and D + CSO + HIIT compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Fasting plasma glucose in all three intervention groups (D + CSO, D + HIIT, and D + CSO + HIIT) and HOMA-IR in D + CSO and D + CSO + HIIT were decreased compared to DC (p < 0.001). Only hepatic TAC and fasting plasma insulin remained unaffected in the three diabetic groups (p < 0.001). Overall, D + CSO + HIIT had the largest effect on all outcomes.

Conclusions

At the doses and treatment duration used in the current study, combination of CSO and HIIT was beneficial for reducing liver function and metabolic outcomes other than CSO and HIIT alone.

Swimming exercise ameliorates depressive-like behavior by anti-inflammation activity, rebalancing gut Escherichia coli and Lactobacilli

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disease with high morbidity, recurrence and mortality and is a serious global health problem.Aerobic exercise produces beneficial effects on depression and associated comorbidities.Swimming exercise with high motor complexity may be particularly beneficial for patients with depression.We hypothesized that swimming exercise improves various types of depression-like behaviors and these effects are related to improved immune and inflammatory response by regulating microbiota-gut-brain axis.We established the Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) mice model of depression. The forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used as predictive animal models of antidepressant-like activity.Swimming exercise significantly decreased the duration of immobility in FST and TST.We found that swimming exercise could significantly decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS). Shifts in the composition of the gut microbiota were significant in depression model induced by LPS/CUS, notably as decreases in lactobacilli and increases in escherichia coli (E. coli), which were reversed byswimming exercise. Current study indicated that swimming exercise has huge potential for antidepressant therapy, and gut microbiotaplays an important role inregulating inflammation. We are pleased that current can study reveal a potentially promising method with less adverse reaction for combating depression and open up an important new area for future research.