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Di Cairano M, Tchuenbou-Magaia FL, Condelli N, Cela N, Ojo CC, Radecka I, Dunmore S, Galgano F. Glycaemic Index of Gluten-Free Biscuits with Resistant Starch and Sucrose Replacers: An In Vivo and In Vitro Comparative Study. Foods 2022; 11:3253. [PMID: 37431001 PMCID: PMC9601495 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycaemic index (GI) is used to demonstrate the tendency of foods to increase blood glucose and is thus an important characteristic of newly formulated foods to tackle the rising prevalence of diabetics and associated diseases. The GI of gluten-free biscuits formulated with alternate flours, resistant starch and sucrose replacers was determined using in vivo methods with human subjects. The relationship between in vivo GI values and the predicted glycaemic index (pGI) from the in vitro digestibility-based protocols, generally used by researchers, was established. The in vivo data showed a gradual reduction in GI with increased levels of sucrose substitution by maltitol and inulin with biscuits where sucrose was fully replaced, showing the lowest GI of 33. The correlation between the GI and pGI was food formulation-dependent, even though GI values were lower than the reported pGI. Applying a correction factor to pGI tend to close the gap between the GI and pGI for some formulations but also causes an underestimation of GI for other samples. The results thus suggest that it may not be appropriate to use pGI data to classify food products according to their GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Cairano
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Fideline Laure Tchuenbou-Magaia
- Division of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Nicola Condelli
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Nazarena Cela
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Constance Chizoma Ojo
- Division of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Iza Radecka
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Simon Dunmore
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Fernanda Galgano
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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