1
|
Chia ZJ, Cao YN, Little PJ, Kamato D. Transforming growth factor-β receptors: versatile mechanisms of ligand activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1337-1348. [PMID: 38351317 PMCID: PMC11192764 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is initiated by activation of transmembrane TGF-β receptors (TGFBR), which deploys Smad2/3 transcription factors to control cellular responses. Failure or dysregulation in the TGF-β signaling pathways leads to pathological conditions. TGF-β signaling is regulated at different levels along the pathways and begins with the liberation of TGF-β ligand from its latent form. The mechanisms of TGFBR activation display selectivity to cell types, agonists, and TGF-β isoforms, enabling precise control of TGF-β signals. In addition, the cell surface compartments used to release active TGF-β are surprisingly vibrant, using thrombospondins, integrins, matrix metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species. The scope of TGFBR activation is further unfolded with the discovery of TGFBR activation initiated by other signaling pathways. The unique combination of mechanisms works in series to trigger TGFBR activation, which can be explored as therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the diverse mechanisms underpinning TGFBR activation, shedding light on potential avenues for therapeutic exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jie Chia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Discovery Biology, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Ying-Nan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Discovery Biology, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rao P, Keyes MJ, Mi MY, Barber JL, Tahir UA, Deng S, Clish CB, Shen D, Farrell LA, Wilson JG, Gao Y, Yimer WK, Ekunwe L, Hall ME, Muntner PM, Guo X, Taylor KD, Tracy RP, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Xanthakis V, Vasan RS, Bouchard C, Sarzynski MA, Gerszten RE, Robbins JM. Plasma Proteomics of Exercise Blood Pressure and Incident Hypertension. JAMA Cardiol 2024:2820069. [PMID: 38865108 PMCID: PMC11170454 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2024.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Importance Blood pressure response during acute exercise (exercise blood pressure [EBP]) is associated with the future risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Biochemical characterization of EBP could inform disease biology and identify novel biomarkers of future hypertension. Objective To identify protein markers associated with EBP and test their association with incident hypertension. Design, Setting, and Participants This study assayed 4977 plasma proteins in 681 healthy participants (from 763 assessed) of the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics (HERITAGE; data collection from January 1993 to December 1997 and plasma proteomics from January 2019 to January 2020) Family Study at rest who underwent 2 cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Individuals were free of CVD at the time of recruitment. Individuals with resting SBP ≥160 mm Hg or DBP ≥100 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive drug therapy were excluded from the study. The association between resting plasma protein levels to both resting BP and EBP was evaluated. Proteins associated with EBP were analyzed for their association with incident hypertension in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS; n = 1177) and validated in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS; n = 772) and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 1367). Proteins associated with incident hypertension were tested for putative causal links in approximately 700 000 individuals using cis-protein quantitative loci mendelian randomization (cis-MR). Data were analyzed from January 2023 to January 2024. Exposures Plasma proteins. Main Outcomes and Measures EBP was defined as the BP response during a fixed workload (50 W) on a cycle ergometer. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication. Results Among the 681 participants in the HERITAGE Family Study, the mean (SD) age was 34 (13) years; 366 participants (54%) were female; 238 (35%) were self-reported Black and 443 (65%) were self-reported White. Proteomic profiling of EBP revealed 34 proteins that would not have otherwise been identified through profiling of resting BP alone. Transforming growth factor β receptor 3 (TGFBR3) and prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) had the strongest association with exercise systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), respectively (TGFBR3: exercise SBP, β estimate, -3.39; 95% CI, -4.79 to -2.00; P = 2.33 × 10-6; PTGDS: exercise DBP β estimate, -2.50; 95% CI, -3.29 to -1.70; P = 1.18 × 10-9). In fully adjusted models, TGFBR3 was inversely associated with incident hypertension in FHS, JHS, and MESA (hazard ratio [HR]: FHS, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75-0.97; P = .01; JHS, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.97; P = .02; MESA, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71-0.98; P = .03; pooled cohort, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.92; P = 6 × 10-5). Using cis-MR, genetically predicted levels of TGFBR3 were associated with SBP, hypertension, and CVD events (SBP: β, -0.38; 95% CI, -0.64 to -0.11; P = .006; hypertension: odds ratio [OR], 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99; P < .001; heart failure with hypertension: OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.97; P = .01; CVD: OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.92; P = 8 × 10-5; cerebrovascular events: OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.70-0.85; P = 5 × 10-7). Conclusions and Relevance Plasma proteomic profiling of EBP identified a novel protein, TGFBR3, which may protect against elevated BP and long-term CVD outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle. J. Keyes
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Y. Mi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob L. Barber
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Usman A. Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuliang Deng
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Dongxiao Shen
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurie. A. Farrell
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James G. Wilson
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Data Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Wondwosen K. Yimer
- Department of Data Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Lynette Ekunwe
- Jackson Heart Study Field Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Michael E. Hall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Paul M. Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor–University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor–University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor–University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Boston University’s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Boston University’s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Jeremy M. Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gu YY, Liu XS, Lan HY. Therapeutic potential for renal fibrosis by targeting Smad3-dependent noncoding RNAs. Mol Ther 2024; 32:313-324. [PMID: 38093516 PMCID: PMC10861968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a characteristic hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that ultimately results in renal failure, leaving patients with few therapeutic options. TGF-β is a master regulator of renal fibrosis and mediates progressive renal fibrosis via both canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. In the canonical Smad signaling, Smad3 is a key mediator in tissue fibrosis and mediates renal fibrosis via a number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). In this regard, targeting Smad3-dependent ncRNAs may offer a specific therapy for renal fibrosis. This review highlights the significance and innovation of TGF-β/Smad3-associated ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in renal fibrogenesis. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of these ncRNAs and their future perspectives in the treatment of renal fibrosis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khalaji A, Mehrtabar S, Jabraeilipour A, Doustar N, Rahmani Youshanlouei H, Tahavvori A, Fattahi P, Alavi SMA, Taha SR, Fazlollahpour-Naghibi A, Shariat Zadeh M. Inhibitory effect of microRNA-21 on pathways and mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis development. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 18:17539447241253134. [PMID: 38819836 PMCID: PMC11143841 DOI: 10.1177/17539447241253134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pivotal cardiovascular disease (CVD) process and represents a notable health concern worldwide. While the complex mechanisms underlying CVD have been widely investigated, recent research has highlighted microRNA-21's (miR-21) role in cardiac fibrosis pathogenesis. In this narrative review, we explore the molecular interactions, focusing on the role of miR-21 in contributing to cardiac fibrosis. Various signaling pathways, such as the RAAS, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1, ERK, PI3K-Akt, and PTEN pathways, besides dysregulation in fibroblast activity, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of MMPs cause cardiac fibrosis. Besides, miR-21 in growth factor secretion, apoptosis, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition play crucial roles. miR-21 capacity regulatory function presents promising insights for cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, this review discusses numerous approaches to control miR-21 expression, including antisense oligonucleotides, anti-miR-21 compounds, and Notch signaling modulation, all novel methods of cardiac fibrosis inhibition. In summary, this narrative review aims to assess the molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis and its essential miR-21 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Khalaji
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Mehrtabar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nadia Doustar
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Amir Tahavvori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Payam Fattahi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andarz Fazlollahpour-Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Allam A, Ali AA, Abdel Baky NA, Balah A. Omeprazole induces profibrotic gene expression in rat kidney: implication of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37982208 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2282377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed medications. However, PPI usage is linked to a higher risk of both acute and chronic renal damage by mechanisms not entirely known. The present study demonstrates that omeprazole (10 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) causes TGF-β/Smad signaling activation and subsequent expression of the profibrotic genes CTGF and TIMP-1 in rat kidney. Increased production of CTGF and TIMP-1 accompany activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling cascade. However, simultaneous treatment of omeprazole and the TGF-β inhibitor, disitertide (P144) (1 mg/kg body weight i.p.) suppresses the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and subsequent production of CTGF and TIMP-1. Additionally, TGF-β level in rat kidney was highly reduced in animals treated with the ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (100 mg/kg body weight i.p.) before omeprazole administration. Furthermore, the reduction in SOD activity brought by omeprazole was returned to the normal level in those animals. However, MDA level increased by omeprazole was highly reduced in the presence of NAC. Collectively, the current findings demonstrate that omeprazole has the ability to promote the expression of the profibrotic genes CTGF and TIMP-1 in a ROS and TGF-β dependent manner. The present study suggests the co-use of ROS scavenger to improve the therapeutic use of the PPI omeprazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albatoul Allam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A Ali
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naira A Abdel Baky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Balah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Musale V, Wasserman DH, Kang L. Extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and metabolic disorders. LIFE METABOLISM 2023; 2:load021. [PMID: 37383542 PMCID: PMC10299575 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity causes extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling which can develop into serious pathology and fibrosis, having metabolic effects in insulin-sensitive tissues. The ECM components may be increased in response to overnutrition. This review will focus on specific obesity-associated molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of ECM remodelling and the impact of specific interactions on tissue metabolism. In obesity, complex network of signalling molecules such as cytokines and growth factors have been implicated in fibrosis. Increased ECM deposition contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance at least in part through activation of cell surface integrin receptors and CD44 signalling cascades. These cell surface receptors transmit signals to the cell adhesome which orchestrates an intracellular response that adapts to the extracellular environment. Matrix proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides interact through ligand-specific cell surface receptors that interact with the cytosolic adhesion proteins to elicit specific actions. Cell adhesion proteins may have catalytic activity or serve as scaffolds. The vast number of cell surface receptors and the complexity of the cell adhesome have made study of their roles challenging in health and disease. Further complicating the role of ECM-cell receptor interactions is the variation between cell types. This review will focus on recent insights gained from studies of two highly conserved, ubiquitously axes and how they contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. These are the collagen-integrin receptor-IPP (ILK-PINCH-Parvin) axis and the hyaluronan-CD44 interaction. We speculate that targeting ECM components or their receptor-mediated cell signalling may provide novel insights into the treatment of obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Musale
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David H. Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie B, Xiong W, Zhang F, Wang N, Luo Y, Chen Y, Cao J, Chen Z, Ma C, Chen H. The miR-103a-3p/TGFBR3 axis regulates TGF-β-induced orbital fibroblast activation and fibrosis in thyroid-eye disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111780. [PMID: 36179941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathways that contribute to orbital fibroblast activation during thyroid-eye disease (TED) may promote TED progression. Non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of TED. In the present study, miR-103a-3p was dramatically upregulated and TGFBR3 was downregulated within TED orbital tissue samples and TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts. miR-103a-3p inhibition in TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts partially abolished TGF-β-induced fibrotic alterations, as manifested by the impaired fibroblast cell viability and decreased vimentin and fibronectin levels. miR-103a-3p directly targeted TGFBR3 in TED orbital samples and TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts. In TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts, TGFBR3 overexpression inhibited fibroblast cell viability and decreased vimentin and fibronectin levels. TGFBR3 overexpression partially attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on TGFBR3 expression and the promotive effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on TGF-β-induced fibrotic alterations. Under TGF-β stimulation, miR-103a-3p overexpression significantly promoted, whereas TGFBR3 overexpression inhibited the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, JNK, Smad2, and Smad3. TGFBR3 overexpression also partially abolished the effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on Erk1/2, JNK, Smad2, and Smad3 phosphorylation. In conclusion, the miR-103a-3p/TGFBR3 axis regulated TGF-β-induced TED orbital fibroblast activation and fibrosis in TED, with the possible involvement of the Erk/JNK and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Nuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yizhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhuokun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tie Y, Tang F, Peng D, Zhang Y, Shi H. TGF-beta signal transduction: biology, function and therapy for diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:45. [PMID: 36534225 PMCID: PMC9761655 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a crucial cytokine that get increasing concern in recent years to treat human diseases. This signal controls multiple cellular responses during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis through canonical and/or noncanonical signaling pathways. Dysregulated TGF-β signal plays an essential role in contributing to fibrosis via promoting the extracellular matrix deposition, and tumor progression via inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, immunosuppression, and neovascularization at the advanced stage of cancer. Besides, the dysregulation of TGF-beta signal also involves in other human diseases including anemia, inflammatory disease, wound healing and cardiovascular disease et al. Therefore, this signal is proposed to be a promising therapeutic target in these diseases. Recently, multiple strategies targeting TGF-β signals including neutralizing antibodies, ligand traps, small-molecule receptor kinase inhibitors targeting ligand-receptor signaling pathways, antisense oligonucleotides to disrupt the production of TGF-β at the transcriptional level, and vaccine are under evaluation of safety and efficacy for the forementioned diseases in clinical trials. Here, in this review, we firstly summarized the biology and function of TGF-β in physiological and pathological conditions, elaborated TGF-β associated signal transduction. And then, we analyzed the current advances in preclinical studies and clinical strategies targeting TGF-β signal transduction to treat diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Fan Tang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Peng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Huashan Shi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li D, Zhang J, Yuan S, Wang C, Chang J, Tong Y, Liu R, Sang T, Li L, Li J, Ouyang Q, Chen X. TGF
‐β1 peptide‐based inhibitor
P144
ameliorates renal fibrosis after ischemia–reperfusion injury by modulating alternatively activated macrophages. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13299. [PMID: 35762283 PMCID: PMC9528764 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of chronic renal fibrosis. Currently, numerous therapies have shown a minimal effect on the blockade of fibrosis progression. Here, the therapeutic potential of peptide‐based TGF‐β1 inhibitor P144 in IRI‐induced renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanism were analyzed. Materials and Methods The unilateral ischemia–reperfusion injury with the contralateral nephrectomy model was established, and the P144 was administered intravenously 1d/14d after the onset of IRI. The histopathology and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect renal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. The in vivo fluorescence imaging was used to measure the bio‐distribution of P144. The transwell assays were used to observe the migration of macrophages. RT‐qPCR and western blot were used to analyze TGF‐β1 signaling. Results P144 ameliorated the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the kidney and improved the renal function in the unilateral ischemia–reperfusion injury plus contralateral nephrectomy model. Mechanistically, P144 downregulated the TGF‐β1‐Smad3 signaling at both the transcriptional and translational levels and further reduced the TGF‐β1‐dependent infiltration of macrophages to the injured kidney. Additionally, P144 blocked the polarization of macrophages to an M2‐like phenotype induced by TGF‐β1 in vitro, but showed no effect on their proliferation. Conclusions Our study showed that the TGF‐β1 peptide‐based inhibitor P144 decreased renal fibrosis through the blockade of the TGF‐β1–Smad3 signaling pathway and the modulation of macrophage polarization, suggesting its potential therapeutic use in IRI‐induced renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delun Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
- School of Clinical Medicine Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
| | - Siyu Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jiakai Chang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
| | - Yan Tong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
| | - Tian Sang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
| | - Lili Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing China
| | - Jijun Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research Beijing China
- School of Clinical Medicine Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schimmel K, Ichimura K, Reddy S, Haddad F, Spiekerkoetter E. Cardiac Fibrosis in the Pressure Overloaded Left and Right Ventricle as a Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:886553. [PMID: 35600469 PMCID: PMC9120363 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.886553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a remodeling process of the extracellular matrix (ECM) following cardiac stress. "Replacement fibrosis" is a term used to describe wound healing in the acute phase of an injury, such as myocardial infarction. In striking contrast, ECM remodeling following chronic pressure overload insidiously develops over time as "reactive fibrosis" leading to diffuse interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition that continuously perturbs the function of the left (L) or the right ventricle (RV). Examples for pressure-overload conditions resulting in reactive fibrosis in the LV are systemic hypertension or aortic stenosis, whereas pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or congenital heart disease with right sided obstructive lesions such as pulmonary stenosis result in RV reactive fibrosis. In-depth phenotyping of cardiac fibrosis has made it increasingly clear that both forms, replacement and reactive fibrosis co-exist in various etiologies of heart failure. While the role of fibrosis in the pathogenesis of RV heart failure needs further assessment, reactive fibrosis in the LV is a pathological hallmark of adverse cardiac remodeling that is correlated with or potentially might even drive both development and progression of heart failure (HF). Further, LV reactive fibrosis predicts adverse outcome in various myocardial diseases and contributes to arrhythmias. The ability to effectively block pathological ECM remodeling of the LV is therefore an important medical need. At a cellular level, the cardiac fibroblast takes center stage in reactive fibrotic remodeling of the heart. Activation and proliferation of endogenous fibroblast populations are the major source of synthesis, secretion, and deposition of collagens in response to a variety of stimuli. Enzymes residing in the ECM are responsible for collagen maturation and cross-linking. Highly cross-linked type I collagen stiffens the ventricles and predominates over more elastic type III collagen in pressure-overloaded conditions. Research has attempted to identify pro-fibrotic drivers causing fibrotic remodeling. Single key factors such as Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) have been described and subsequently targeted to test their usefulness in inhibiting fibrosis in cultured fibroblasts of the ventricles, and in animal models of cardiac fibrosis. More recently, modulation of phenotypic behaviors like inhibition of proliferating fibroblasts has emerged as a strategy to reduce pathogenic cardiac fibroblast numbers in the heart. Some studies targeting LV reactive fibrosis as outlined above have successfully led to improvements of cardiac structure and function in relevant animal models. For the RV, fibrosis research is needed to better understand the evolution and roles of fibrosis in RV failure. RV fibrosis is seen as an integral part of RV remodeling and presents at varying degrees in patients with PAH and animal models replicating the disease of RV afterload. The extent to which ECM remodeling impacts RV function and thus patient survival is less clear. In this review, we describe differences as well as common characteristics and key players in ECM remodeling of the LV vs. the RV in response to pressure overload. We review pre-clinical studies assessing the effect of anti-fibrotic drug candidates on LV and RV function and their premise for clinical testing. Finally, we discuss the mode of action, safety and efficacy of anti-fibrotic drugs currently tested for the treatment of left HF in clinical trials, which might guide development of new approaches to target right heart failure. We touch upon important considerations and knowledge gaps to be addressed for future clinical testing of anti-fibrotic cardiac therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schimmel
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kenzo Ichimura
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sushma Reddy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Francois Haddad
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Edda Spiekerkoetter,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
P144 a Transforming Growth Factor Beta Inhibitor Peptide, Generates Antifibrogenic Effects in a Radiotherapy Induced Fibrosis Model. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:2650-2661. [PMID: 35448191 PMCID: PMC9024500 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a severe side effect related with soft tissues sarcomas (STS) radiotherapy. RIF is a multicellular process initiated primarily by TGF-β1 that is increased in irradiated tissue, whose signaling leads to intracellular Smad2/3 phosphorylation and further induction of profibrotic target genes. P144 (Disetertide©) is a peptide inhibitor of TGF-β1 and is proposed as a candidate compound for reducing RIF associated wound healing problems and muscle fibrosis in STS. Methods: A treatment and control group of WNZ rabbits were employed to implement a brachytherapy animal model, through catheter implantation at the lower limb. Two days after implantation, animals received 20 Gy isodosis, intended to induce a high RIF grade. The treatment group received intravenous P144 administration following a brachytherapy session, repeated at 24–72 h post-radiation, while the control group received placebo. Four weeks later, affected muscular tissues underwent histological processing for collagen quantification and P-Smad2/3 immunohistochemistry through image analysis. Results: High isodosis Brachytherapy produced remarkable fibrosis in this experimental model. Results showed retained macro and microscopical morphology of muscle in the P144 treated group, with reduced extracellular matrix fibrosis, with a lower area of collagen deposition measured through Masson’s trichrome staining. Intravenous P144 also induced a significant reduction in Smad2/3 phosphorylation levels compared with the placebo group. Conclusions: P144 administration clearly reduces RIF and opens a new potential co-treatment approach to reduce complications in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) radiotherapy. Further studies are required to establish whether the dosage and timing optimization of P144 administration, in different RIF phases, might entirely avoid fibrosis associated with STS brachytherapy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sulfatase-2 Regulates Liver Fibrosis through the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215279. [PMID: 34771445 PMCID: PMC8582359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which drive liver fibrosis via the production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). We aimed to elucidate the mechanistic role of sulfatase-2 (SULF2) in liver fibrosis. To this end, we induced liver fibrosis in wild-type (WT) and SULF2 knockout (Sulf2-KO) mice (6-8 weeks-old) via bile duct ligation (BDL), intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or thioacetamide (TAA). The levels of fibrosis in the liver sections were assessed via Sirius red and Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and hydroxyproline. To evaluate the interaction between TGF-β and SULF2, we transfected human HSCs with scrambled control shRNA and shRNA constructs targeting SULF2 and measured α-SMA expression following treatment with TGF-β1 ligand. We show here that knockout of SULF2 significantly decreases collagen content, as well as bands of bridging fibrosis, as demonstrated by Sirius red, Masson's trichrome and α-SMA staining after BDL, CCl4 and TAA injection in Sulf2-KO versus WT mice. In all three models of liver fibrosis, we observed significantly lower levels of hydroxyproline in the Sulf2-KO mice compared to the WT mice. HSCs with reduced levels of SULF2 failed to significantly express α-SMA and collagen type I following treatment with TGF-β1. Furthermore, SULF2 co-localizes with TGFBR3 and the in vitro knockdown of SULF2 in HSCs decreases the release of TGF-β1 from TGFBR3. Together, these data suggest that SULF2 regulates liver fibrosis via the TGF-β signaling pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of SULF2 may represent a novel therapeutic approach to improve liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Arce C, Rodríguez-Rovira I, De Rycke K, Durán K, Campuzano V, Fabregat I, Jiménez-Altayó F, Berraondo P, Egea G. Anti-TGFβ (Transforming Growth Factor β) Therapy With Betaglycan-Derived P144 Peptide Gene Delivery Prevents the Formation of Aortic Aneurysm in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e440-e452. [PMID: 34162229 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective We investigated the effect of a potent TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) inhibitor peptide (P144) from the betaglycan/TGFβ receptor III on aortic aneurysm development in a Marfan syndrome mouse model. Approach and Results We used a chimeric gene encoding the P144 peptide linked to apolipoprotein A-I via a flexible linker expressed by a hepatotropic adeno-associated vector. Two experimental approaches were performed: (1) a preventive treatment where the vector was injected before the onset of the aortic aneurysm (aged 4 weeks) and followed-up for 4 and 20 weeks and (2) a palliative treatment where the vector was injected once the aneurysm was formed (8 weeks old) and followed-up for 16 weeks. We evaluated the aortic root diameter by echocardiography, the aortic wall architecture and TGFβ signaling downstream effector expression of pSMAD2 and pERK1/2 by immunohistomorphometry, and Tgfβ1 and Tgfβ2 mRNA expression levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Marfan syndrome mice subjected to the preventive approach showed no aortic dilation in contrast to untreated Marfan syndrome mice, which at the same end point age already presented the aneurysm. In contrast, the palliative treatment with P144 did not halt aneurysm progression. In all cases, P144 improved elastic fiber morphology and normalized pERK1/2-mediated TGFβ signaling. Unlike the palliative treatment, the preventive treatment reduced Tgfβ1 and Tgfβ2 mRNA levels. Conclusions P144 prevents the onset of aortic aneurysm but not its progression. Results indicate the importance of reducing the excess of active TGFβ signaling during the early stages of aortic disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Arce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.A., I.R.-R., K.D.R., V.C., G.E.)
| | - Isaac Rodríguez-Rovira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.A., I.R.-R., K.D.R., V.C., G.E.)
| | - Karo De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.A., I.R.-R., K.D.R., V.C., G.E.)
| | - Karina Durán
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínic y Provincial de Barcelona, Spain (K.D.)
| | - Victoria Campuzano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.A., I.R.-R., K.D.R., V.C., G.E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain (V.C.)
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepático-Digestivas (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Spain (I.F.)
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Therapeutic Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (F.J.-A.)
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (P.B.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (P.B.)
| | - Gustavo Egea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.A., I.R.-R., K.D.R., V.C., G.E.)
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (G.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huo JL, Jiao L, An Q, Chen X, Qi Y, Wei B, Zheng Y, Shi X, Gao E, Liu HM, Chen D, Wang C, Zhao W. Myofibroblast Deficiency of LSD1 Alleviates TAC-Induced Heart Failure. Circ Res 2021; 129:400-413. [PMID: 34078090 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ling Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| | - Lemin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| | - Qi An
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| | - Xiuying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| | - Yuruo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| | - Bingfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| | - Yichao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G.)
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.C.)
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University (J.-L.H., L.J., Q.A., X.C., Y.Q., B.W., Y.Z., X.S., H.-M.L., C.W., W.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wong CK, Tse HF. New methodological approaches to atrial fibrillation drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:319-329. [PMID: 33016154 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1826432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice and rhythm control using pharmacological agents is required in selected patients. Nonetheless, current medication is only modestly efficacious and associated with significant cardiovascular and systemic side effects. More efficacious and safe drugs are required to restore and maintain sinus rhythm in patients with AF. AREAS COVERED In this review, several potential drug targets are discussed including trans-membrane ion channels, intracellular calcium signaling, gap junction signaling, atrial inflammation and fibrosis, and the autonomic nervous system. New tools and methodologies for AF drug development are also reviewed including gene therapy, genome-guided therapy, stem cell technologies, tissue engineering, and optogenetics. EXPERT OPINION In recent decades, there has been an increased understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of AF. As a result, there is a gradual paradigm shift from focusing only on trans-membrane ion channel inhibition to developing therapeutic agents that target other underlying arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Gene therapy and genome-guided therapy are emerging as novel treatments for AF with some success in proof-of-concept studies. Recent advances in stem cell technology, tissue engineering, and optogenetics may allow more effective in-vitro drug screening than conventional methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ka Wong
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Al-U'datt D, Allen BG, Nattel S. Role of the lysyl oxidase enzyme family in cardiac function and disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1820-1837. [PMID: 31504232 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and related LOX-like (LOXL) isoforms play a vital role in remodelling the extracellular matrix (ECM). The LOX family controls ECM formation by cross-linking collagen and elastin chains. LOX/LOXL proteins are copper-dependent amine oxidases that catalyse the oxidation of lysine, causing cross-linking between the lysine moieties of lysine-rich proteins. Dynamic changes in LOX and LOXL protein-expression occur in a variety of cardiac pathologies; these changes are believed to be central to the associated tissue-fibrosis. An awareness of the potential pathophysiological importance of LOX has led to the evaluation of interventions that target LOX/LOXL proteins for heart-disease therapy. The purposes of this review article are: (i) to summarize the basic biochemistry and enzyme function of LOX and LOXL proteins; (ii) to consider their tissue and species distribution; and (iii) to review the results of experimental studies of the roles of LOX and LOXL proteins in heart disease, addressing involvement in the mechanisms, pathophysiology and therapeutic responses based on observations in patient samples and relevant animal models. Therapeutic targeting of LOX family enzymes has shown promising results in animal models, but small-molecule approaches have been limited by non-specificity and off-target effects. Biological approaches show potential promise but are in their infancy. While there is strong evidence for LOX-family protein participation in heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and hypertension, as well as potential interest as therapeutic targets, the precise involvement of LOX-family proteins in heart disease requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doa'a Al-U'datt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kuehlmann B, Bonham CA, Zucal I, Prantl L, Gurtner GC. Mechanotransduction in Wound Healing and Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051423. [PMID: 32403382 PMCID: PMC7290354 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin injury is a common occurrence and mechanical forces are known to significantly impact the biological processes of skin regeneration and wound healing. Immediately following the disruption of the skin, the process of wound healing begins, bringing together numerous cell types to collaborate in several sequential phases. These cells produce a multitude of molecules and initiate multiple signaling pathways that are associated with skin disorders and abnormal wound healing, including hypertrophic scars, keloids, and chronic wounds. Studies have shown that mechanical forces can alter the microenvironment of a healing wound, causing changes in cellular function, motility, and signaling. A better understanding of the mechanobiology of cells in the skin is essential in the development of efficacious therapeutics to reduce skin disorders, normalize abnormal wound healing, and minimize scar formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Kuehlmann
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (B.K.); (C.A.B.)
- University Center for Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg and Caritas Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Clark A. Bonham
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (B.K.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Isabel Zucal
- University Center for Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg and Caritas Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Lukas Prantl
- University Center for Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg and Caritas Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (B.K.); (C.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-736-2776
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nagaraju CK, Robinson EL, Abdesselem M, Trenson S, Dries E, Gilbert G, Janssens S, Van Cleemput J, Rega F, Meyns B, Roderick HL, Driesen RB, Sipido KR. Myofibroblast Phenotype and Reversibility of Fibrosis in Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:2267-2282. [PMID: 31072570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial fibrosis is an important component of diastolic, and systolic, dysfunction in heart failure (HF) and depends on activation and differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts (MyoFb). Recent clinical evidence suggests that in late-stage HF, fibrosis is not reversible. OBJECTIVES The study aims to examine the degree of differentiation of cardiac MyoFb in end-stage HF and the potential for their phenotypic reversibility. METHODS Fibroblasts were isolated from the left ventricle of the explanted hearts of transplant recipients (ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy), and from nonused donor hearts. Fibroblasts were maintained in culture without passaging for 4 or 8 days (treatment studies). Phenotyping included functional testing, immunostaining, and expression studies for markers of differentiation. These data were complemented with immunohistology and expression studies in tissue samples. RESULTS Interstitial fibrosis with cross-linked collagen is prominent in HF hearts, with presence of activated MyoFbs. Tissue levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, lysyl oxidase, periostin, and osteopontin are elevated. Fibroblastic cells isolated from HF hearts are predominantly MyoFb, proliferative or nonproliferative, with mature α-smooth muscle actin stress fibers. HF MyoFb express high levels of profibrotic cytokines and the TGF-β1 pathway is activated. Inhibition of TGF-β1 receptor kinase in HF MyoFb promotes dedifferentiation of MyoFb with loss of α-smooth muscle actin and depolymerization of stress fibers, and reduces the expression of profibrotic genes and cytokines levels to non-HF levels. CONCLUSION MyoFb in end-stage HF have a variable degree of differentiation and retain the capacity to return to a less activated state, validating the potential for developing antifibrotic therapy targeting MyoFb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma L Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mouna Abdesselem
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Trenson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Dries
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Cleemput
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Rega
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Meyns
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ronald B Driesen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ward M, Iskratsch T. Mix and (mis-)match - The mechanosensing machinery in the changing environment of the developing, healthy adult and diseased heart. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118436. [PMID: 30742931 PMCID: PMC7042712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The composition and the stiffness of cardiac microenvironment change during development and/or in heart disease. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) and their progenitors sense these changes, which decides over the cell fate and can trigger CM (progenitor) proliferation, differentiation, de-differentiation or death. The field of mechanobiology has seen a constant increase in output that also includes a wealth of new studies specific to cardiac or cardiomyocyte mechanosensing. As a result, mechanosensing and transduction in the heart is increasingly being recognised as a main driver of regulating the heart formation and function. Recent work has for instance focused on measuring the molecular, physical and mechanical changes of the cellular environment - as well as intracellular contributors to the passive stiffness of the heart. On the other hand, a variety of new studies shed light into the molecular machinery that allow the cardiomyocytes to sense these properties. Here we want to discuss the recent work on this topic, but also specifically focus on how the different components are regulated at various stages during development, in health or disease in order to highlight changes that might contribute to disease progression and heart failure.
Collapse
Key Words
- cm, cardiomyocytes
- hcm, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- dcm, dilated cardiomyopathy
- icm, idiopathic cardiomyopathy
- myh, myosin heavy chain
- tnnt, troponin t
- tnni, troponin i
- afm, atomic force microscope
- mre, magnetic resonance elastography
- swe, ultrasound cardiac shear-wave elastography
- lv, left ventricle
- lox, lysyl oxidase
- loxl, lysyl oxidase like protein
- lh, lysyl hydroxylase
- lys, lysin
- lccs, lysald-derived collagen crosslinks
- hlccs, hylald-derived collagen crosslinks
- pka, protein kinase a
- pkc, protein kinase c
- vash1, vasohibin-1
- svbp, small vasohibin binding protein
- tcp, tubulin carboxypeptidase
- ttl, tubulin tyrosine ligase
- mrtf, myocardin-related transcription factor
- gap, gtpase activating protein
- gef, guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ward
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Raktoe RS, Rietveld MH, Out-Luiting JJ, Kruithof-de Julio M, van Zuijlen PPM, van Doorn R, Ghalbzouri AE. Exon skipping of TGFβRI affects signalling and ECM expression in hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts. Scars Burn Heal 2020; 6:2059513120908857. [PMID: 32528734 PMCID: PMC7263111 DOI: 10.1177/2059513120908857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In burn patients, wound healing is often accompanied by hypertrophic scar (HS) development, resulting in both functional and aesthetic problems. HSs are characterised by abundant presence of myofibroblasts that contribute to overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) that is regulated by the TGF-β signalling pathway. Studies have shown that inhibition of TGF-β receptors in fibrotic diseases reduces the fibrotic load. In the present study, we aim to inactivate ALK5, also known as TGF-β receptor I, in human HS fibroblasts by exon skipping using antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). METHODS HS biopsies were used to isolate and set up fibroblast monocultures. AONs targeting ALK5 were supplemented to the fibroblast cultures to induce exon skipping, while pharmacological ALK5 inhibition was induced using SB431542. AON delivery in HS fibroblasts was examined using immunofluorescence (IF), while TGF-β signalling downstream targets, such as Smad2/3, PAI-1, ACTA2, COL1A1 and COL3A1, were analysed using touchdown polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), IF or western blotting. RESULTS Our data clearly demonstrate that AONs were successfully delivered in the nuclei of HS fibroblasts and that functional exon skipping of ALK5 took place as confirmed with touchdown PCR and qPCR. In addition, exon skipping affected the expression of ECM-related genes, such as type I/III collagens, PAI-1 and CCN2. Moreover, AON treatment did not affect the migration of HS fibroblasts in a model for wound healing. CONCLUSION Exon skipping is a promising tool to modulate the TGF-β signalling pathway in HS. This would open a therapeutic window for the treatment of patients suffering from HSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv S Raktoe
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands
| | - Marion H Rietveld
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands
| | - Jacoba J Out-Luiting
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul PM van Zuijlen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J. The Role of Lysyl Oxidase Enzymes in Cardiac Function and Remodeling. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121483. [PMID: 31766500 PMCID: PMC6953057 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) proteins comprise a family of five copper-dependent enzymes (LOX and four LOX-like isoenzymes (LOXL1-4)) critical for extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and remodeling. The primary role of LOX enzymes is to oxidize lysyl and hydroxylysyl residues from collagen and elastin chains into highly reactive aldehydes, which spontaneously react with surrounding amino groups and other aldehydes to form inter- and intra-catenary covalent cross-linkages. Therefore, they are essential for the synthesis of a mature ECM and assure matrix integrity. ECM modulates cellular phenotype and function, and strikingly influences the mechanical properties of tissues. This explains the critical role of these enzymes in tissue homeostasis, and in tissue repair and remodeling. Cardiac ECM is mainly composed of fibrillar collagens which form a complex network that provides structural and biochemical support to cardiac cells and regulates cell signaling pathways. It is now becoming apparent that cardiac performance is affected by the structure and composition of the ECM and that any disturbance of the ECM contributes to cardiac disease progression. This review article compiles the major findings on the contribution of the LOX family to the development and progression of myocardial disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez
- Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Programa ICCC, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (J.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-93-556-5897 (C.R.); +34-93-556-5896 (J.M.-G.)
| | - José Martínez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (J.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-93-556-5897 (C.R.); +34-93-556-5896 (J.M.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Biofunctionalization with a TGFβ-1 Inhibitor Peptide in the Osseointegration of Synthetic Bone Grafts: An In Vivo Study in Beagle Dogs. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193168. [PMID: 31569702 PMCID: PMC6803977 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the osseointegration of two presentations of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) biomaterial—one untreated and another submitted to biofunctionalization with a TGF-β1 inhibitor peptide, P144, on dental alveolus. Materials and Methods: A synthetic bone graft was used, namely, (i) Maxresorb® (Botiss Klockner) (n = 12), and (ii) Maxresorb® (Botiss Klockner) biofunctionalized with P144 peptide (n = 12). Both bone grafts were implanted in the two hemimandibles of six beagle dogs in the same surgical time, immediately after tooth extraction. Two dogs were sacrificed 2, 4, and 8 weeks post implant insertion, respectively. The samples were submitted to histomorphometrical and histological analyses. For each sample, we quantified the new bone growth and the new bone formed around the biomaterial’s granules. After optical microscopic histological evaluation, selected samples were studied using backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BS-SEM). Results: The biofunctionalization of the biomaterial’s granules maintains a stable membranous bone formation throughout the experiment timeline, benefitting from the constant presence of vascular structures in the alveolar space, in a more active manner that in the control samples. Better results in the experimental groups were proven both by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Conclusions: Synthetic bone graft biofunctionalization results in slightly better quantitative parameters of the implant’s osseointegration. The qualitative histological and ultramicroscopic analysis shows that biofunctionalization may shorten the healing period of dental biomaterials.
Collapse
|
24
|
González A, López B, Ravassa S, San José G, Díez J. Reprint of "The complex dynamics of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in heart failure. Focus on collagen cross-linking". BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118521. [PMID: 31394074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF) is a common finding in heart failure (HF) patients, both with preserved and reduced ejection fraction, as well as in HF animal models. MIF is associated with impaired cardiac function and worse clinical outcome. The impact of MIF is influenced not only by the quantity but also by changes in the quality of collagen fibers and in the extracellular matrix components, such as a shift in collagen types proportion, increased fibronectin polymerization and increased degree of collagen cross-linking (CCL). In particular, CCL, a process that renders collagen fibers stiffer and more resistant to degradation, is increased both in patients and animal models of HF. Importantly, in HF patients increased cardiac CCL is directly associated with increased left ventricular stiffness and a higher risk of hospitalization for HF. The aim of this review is to address the complexity of MIF in HF, focusing on CCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Departments of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery and of Nephrology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sit B, Gutmann D, Iskratsch T. Costameres, dense plaques and podosomes: the cell matrix adhesions in cardiovascular mechanosensing. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:197-209. [PMID: 31214894 PMCID: PMC6726830 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The stiffness of the cardiovascular environment changes during ageing and in disease and contributes to disease incidence and progression. For instance, increased arterial stiffness can lead to atherosclerosis, while stiffening of the heart due to fibrosis can increase the chances of heart failure. Cells can sense the stiffness of the extracellular matrix through integrin adhesions and other mechanosensitive structures and in response to this initiate mechanosignalling pathways that ultimately change the cellular behaviour. Over the past decades, interest in mechanobiology has steadily increased and with this also our understanding of the molecular basis of mechanosensing and transduction. However, much of our knowledge about the mechanisms is derived from studies investigating focal adhesions in non-muscle cells, which are distinct in several regards from the cell-matrix adhesions in cardiomyocytes (costameres) or vascular smooth muscle cells (dense plaques or podosomes). Therefore, we will look here first at the evidence for mechanical sensing in the cardiovascular system, before comparing the different cytoskeletal arrangements and adhesion sites in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells and what is known about mechanical sensing through the various structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sit
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Gutmann
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
González A, López B, Ravassa S, San José G, Díez J. The complex dynamics of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in heart failure. Focus on collagen cross-linking. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1421-1432. [PMID: 31181222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF) is a common finding in heart failure (HF) patients, both with preserved and reduced ejection fraction, as well as in HF animal models. MIF is associated with impaired cardiac function and worse clinical outcome. The impact of MIF is influenced not only by the quantity but also by changes in the quality of collagen fibers and in the extracellular matrix components, such as a shift in collagen types proportion, increased fibronectin polymerization and increased degree of collagen cross-linking (CCL). In particular, CCL, a process that renders collagen fibers stiffer and more resistant to degradation, is increased both in patients and animal models of HF. Importantly, in HF patients increased cardiac CCL is directly associated with increased left ventricular stiffness and a higher risk of hospitalization for HF. The aim of this review is to address the complexity of MIF in HF, focusing on CCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Departments of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery and of Nephrology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang Z, Xiao Z, Guo H, Fang X, Liang J, Zhu J, Yang J, Li H, Pan R, Yuan S, Dong W, Zheng XL, Wu S, Shan Z. Novel role of the clustered miR-23b-3p and miR-27b-3p in enhanced expression of fibrosis-associated genes by targeting TGFBR3 in atrial fibroblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3246-3256. [PMID: 30729664 PMCID: PMC6484421 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia in cardiovascular diseases. Atrial fibrosis is an important pathophysiological contributor to AF. This study aimed to investigate the role of the clustered miR‐23b‐3p and miR‐27b‐3p in atrial fibrosis. Human atrial fibroblasts (HAFs) were isolated from atrial appendage tissue of patients with sinus rhythm. A cell model of atrial fibrosis was achieved in Ang‐II‐induced HAFs. Cell proliferation and migration were detected. We found that miR‐23b‐3p and miR‐27b‐3p were markedly increased in atrial appendage tissues of AF patients and in Ang‐II‐treated HAFs. Overexpression of miR‐23b‐3p and miR‐27b‐3p enhanced the expression of collagen, type I, alpha 1 (COL1A1), COL3A1 and ACTA2 in HAFs without significant effects on their proliferation and migration. Luciferase assay showed that miR‐23b‐3p and miR‐27b‐3p targeted two different sites in 3ʹ‐UTR of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 receptor 3 (TGFBR3) respectively. Consistently, TGFBR3 siRNA could increase fibrosis‐related genes expression, along with the Smad1 inactivation and Smad3 activation in HAFs. Additionally, overexpression of TGFBR3 could alleviate the increase of COL1A1, COL3A1 and ACTA2 in HAFs after transfection with miR‐23b‐3p and miR‐27b‐3p respectively. Moreover, Smad3 was activated in HAFs in response to Ang‐II treatment and inactivation of Smad3 attenuated up‐regulation of miR‐23b‐3p and miR‐27b‐3p in Ang‐II‐treated HAFs. Taken together, these results suggest that the clustered miR‐23b‐3p and miR‐27b‐3p consistently promote atrial fibrosis by targeting TGFBR3 to activate Smad3 signalling in HAFs, suggesting that miR‐23b‐3p and miR‐27b‐3p are potential therapeutic targets for atrial fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiming Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhong Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingnan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiening Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Pan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujing Yuan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Dong
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shulin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Martínez-Martínez S, Lozano-Vidal N, López-Maderuelo MD, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Armesilla ÁL, Redondo JM. Cardiomyocyte calcineurin is required for the onset and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in adult mice. FEBS J 2018; 286:46-65. [PMID: 30548183 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of calcineurin induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy (CH). In these studies, loss-of-function was mostly achieved by systemic administration of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A. The lack of conditional knockout models for calcineurin function has impeded progress toward defining the role of this protein during the onset and the development of CH in adults. Here, we exploited a mouse model of CH based on the infusion of a hypertensive dose of angiotensin II (AngII) to model the role of calcineurin in CH in adulthood. AngII-induced CH in adult mice was reduced by treatment with cyclosporin A, without affecting the associated increase in blood pressure, and also by induction of calcineurin deletion in adult mouse cardiomyocytes, indicating that cardiomyocyte calcineurin is required for AngII-induced CH. Surprisingly, cardiac-specific deletion of calcineurin, but not treatment of mice with cyclosporin A, significantly reduced AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis. Analysis of profibrotic genes revealed that AngII-induced expression of Tgfβ family members and Lox was not inhibited by cyclosporin A but was markedly reduced by cardiac-specific calcineurin deletion. These results show that AngII induces a direct, calcineurin-dependent prohypertrophic effect in cardiomyocytes, as well as a systemic hypertensive effect that is independent of calcineurin activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Noelia Lozano-Vidal
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Maderuelo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Armesilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Research Institute in Healthcare Science, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dolivo DM, Larson SA, Dominko T. Crosstalk between mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors and transforming growth factor-β signaling results in variable activation of human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:325-335. [PMID: 30365043 PMCID: PMC6257852 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation is a key step in the establishment of skin fibrosis induced by acute injury, and it is characterized by the differentiation of plastic resident tissue fibroblasts into contractile, extracellular matrix‑secreting myofibroblasts. As fibroblast activation must be regulated in vivo, fibroblasts receive signals from the surrounding environment that initiate their fibrotic program. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways on fibroblast activation. It was demonstrated in primary human dermal fibroblasts that small molecule‑mediated inhibition of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) potentiated fibroblast activation, and that small molecule‑mediated inhibition of p38 antagonized fibroblast activation. ERK and JNK inhibition cooperatively enhanced fibroblast activation mediated by treatment with exogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1, and p38 inhibition antagonized ERK inhibitor‑mediated or JNK inhibitor‑mediated fibroblast activation. Transcript analysis demonstrated that ERK and JNK inhibitor‑mediated fibroblast activation was accompanied by distinct changes in the expression of TGF‑β‑associated ligands and receptors, and that p38 inhibitor‑mediated antagonism of fibroblast activation was accompanied by a distinct expression paradigm of TGF‑β‑associated genes, including upregulation of betaglycan. ERK inhibitor‑mediated and JNK inhibitor‑mediated fibroblast activation was partially antagonized by small molecule‑mediated inhibition of TGF‑β receptor (R)1, indicating that these mechanisms of fibroblast activation are partially dependent on TGF‑β/TGF‑βR signaling. These data collectively demonstrate and provide partial explanations of the varied effects and pathway dependencies of MAPK inhibitor‑mediated effects on fibroblast activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Dolivo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Sara A Larson
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Tanja Dominko
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen P, Pan J, Zhang X, Shi Z, Yang X. The Role of MicroRNA-181a in Myocardial Fibrosis Following Myocardial Infarction in a Rat Model. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4121-4127. [PMID: 29908129 PMCID: PMC6036961 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of miR-181a in the development of cardiac disease and in particular, myocardial fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the role of miR-181a in myocardial fibrosis in a rat model of MI and the expression of TGF-β receptor III (TβRIII). Material/Methods Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into an MI model group (n=30) and a control group with (n=10). The rat MI model involved ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in the model group; the control group was treated with a sham operation. Cardiac function was assessed using cardiac ultrasound. Myocardial fibroblasts were extracted from the rat hearts and transfected with a miR-mimic or miR-inhibitor, and cell growth was measured using an MTT assay. The level of miR-181a expression was detected using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blots. Results miR-181a expression was significantly increased during the progression of MI (P<0.05). Over-expression of miR-181a was associated with increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, collagen I and fibronectin. This effect was reversed with the use of a miR-181a inhibitor (P<0.05). Upregulation of miR-181a suppressed the expression of TGF-β receptor III (TβRIII) by binding with 3′-UTR. Conclusions In this rat model of MI, the findings were that miR-181a had a role in the progression of myocardial fibrosis. The findings require further studies to determine whether miR-181a might provide a novel therapeutic target to limit myocardial fibrosis following MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jialin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xinming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhewei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangjun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sevilla P, Cirera A, Dotor J, Gil FJ, Galindo-Moreno P, Aparicio C. In vitro cell response on CP-Ti surfaces functionalized with TGF-β1 inhibitory peptides. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:73. [PMID: 29796827 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration of implants is conversely related to the generation of a fibrous tissue capsule around the implant by the host environment. Although TGF-β1 plays many roles in regeneration processes, it is the cytokine to be mostly associated to the production of fibrotic tissue and thus, its inhibition has demonstrated to be beneficial to prevent several fibrotic reactions. Surface biofunctionalization enables the immobilization of biologically active molecules on an implant surface to tailor the biological response of the host. Here, we studied in vitro biological effects of biofunctionalized CP-Ti surfaces with a TGF-β1 inhibitor peptide, P144. A reliable biofunctionalization process that tethers P144 peptides to commercially pure titanium was developed. Differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and fibroblasts on P144-functionalized and control surfaces was assessed at the gene expression and protein production levels. Results showed that P144-functionalized surfaces reduced expression and production of fibrotic differentiation markers and increased osteoblastic differentiation markers. Therefore, biofunctionalization of surfaces with TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides are an alternative promising strategy for inducing osseointegration around medical devices and implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sevilla
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià, Pg. Sant Joan Bosco 74, 08017,, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering group, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E, Av. Diagonal 647,, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrea Cirera
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071,, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Gil
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering group, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E, Av. Diagonal 647,, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/ Inmaculada 22,, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071,, Granada, Spain
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Department of Restorative Sciences, MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 16-250A Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455,, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Albiñana-Cunningham JN, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, Labiano T, Echeveste JI, Granero-Moltó F, Alfonso-Olmos M. Mechanical barriers and transforming growth factor beta inhibitor on epidural fibrosis in a rabbit laminectomy model. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:72. [PMID: 29622010 PMCID: PMC5887182 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TGF-β has been described as a mediator of fibrosis and scarring. Several studies achieved reduction in experimental scarring through the inhibition of TGF-β. Fibroblasts have been defined as the cell population originating fibrosis, blocking fibroblast invasion may impair epidural fibrosis appearance. For this purpose, biocompatible materials used as mechanical barriers and a TGF-β inhibitor peptide were evaluated in the reduction of epidural fibrosis. Methods A L6 laminectomy was performed in 40 New Zealand white rabbits. Divided into four groups, each rabbit was assigned to receive either collagen sponge scaffold (CS group), gelatin-based gel (GCP group), P144® (iTGFβ group), or left untreated (control group). Four weeks after surgery, cell density, collagen content, and new bone formation of the scar area were determined by histomorphometry. Two experienced pathologists scored dura mater adhesion, scar density, and inflammatory infiltrate in a blinded manner. Results In all groups, laminectomy site was filled with fibrous tissue and the dura mater presented adhesions. Only GCP group presented a significant reduction in collagen content and scar density. Conclusion GCP treatment reduces epidural fibrosis although did not prevent dura mater adhesion completely. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13018-018-0781-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan N Albiñana-Cunningham
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 36 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 3 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Purificación Ripalda-Cemboráin
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 36 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tania Labiano
- Pathology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 3 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José I Echeveste
- Pathology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 36 Pío XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 36 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. .,Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 36 Pío XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Matías Alfonso-Olmos
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 36 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ikarashi N, Toda T, Hatakeyama Y, Kusunoki Y, Kon R, Mizukami N, Kaneko M, Ogawa S, Sugiyama K. Anti-Hypertensive Effects of Acacia Polyphenol in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030700. [PMID: 29494506 PMCID: PMC5877561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that acacia polyphenol (AP) exerts strong anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-atopic dermatitis effects. In the present study, we investigated the anti-hypertensive effects of AP. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with hypertension and control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used. WKY and SHR were fed AP-containing food or AP-free food (control group) ad libitum for 4 weeks, and their blood pressures were measured. After AP administration, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the SHR group than in the control group. There were no differences in the systolic or diastolic blood pressure of WKY between the AP group and the control group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in SHR kidneys were not altered by AP administration. Blood SOD activity in SHR was significantly higher in the AP group than in the control group. AP exerts anti-hypertensive effects on hypertension but has almost no effect on normal blood pressure. The anti-hypertensive effects of AP may be related to the anti-oxidative effects of increased blood SOD activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Toda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Hatakeyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Nanaho Mizukami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Miho Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Sosuke Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu X, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Zhen G, Crane JL, Zhou X, Cao X. Transforming growth factor-β in stem cells and tissue homeostasis. Bone Res 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29423331 PMCID: PMC5802812 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-017-0005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β 1-3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The biological functions of TGF-β in adults can only be delivered after ligand activation, mostly in response to environmental perturbations. Although involved in multiple biological and pathological processes of the human body, the exact roles of TGF-β in maintaining stem cells and tissue homeostasis have not been well-documented until recent advances, which delineate their functions in a given context. Our recent findings, along with data reported by others, have clearly shown that temporal and spatial activation of TGF-β is involved in the recruitment of stem/progenitor cell participation in tissue regeneration/remodeling process, whereas sustained abnormalities in TGF-β ligand activation, regardless of genetic or environmental origin, will inevitably disrupt the normal physiology and lead to pathobiology of major diseases. Modulation of TGF-β signaling with different approaches has proven effective pre-clinically in the treatment of multiple pathologies such as sclerosis/fibrosis, tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis, and immune disorders. Thus, further elucidation of the mechanisms by which TGF-β is activated in different tissues/organs and how targeted cells respond in a context-dependent way can likely be translated with clinical benefits in the management of a broad range of diseases with the involvement of TGF-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jenkins LM, Horst B, Lancaster CL, Mythreye K. Dually modified transmembrane proteoglycans in development and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 39:124-136. [PMID: 29291930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cell signaling in response to secreted growth factors has been linked to the development of multiple diseases, including cancer. As such, understanding mechanisms that control growth factor availability and receptor-growth factor interaction is vital. Dually modified transmembrane proteoglycans (DMTPs), which are classified as cell surface macromolecules composed of a core protein decorated with covalently linked heparan sulfated (HS) and/or chondroitin sulfated (CS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, provide one type of regulatory mechanism. Specifically, DMTPs betaglycan and syndecan-1 (SDC1) play crucial roles in modulating key cell signaling pathways, such as Wnt, transforming growth factor-β and fibroblast growth factor signaling, to affect epithelial cell biology and cancer progression. This review outlines current and potential functions for betaglycan and SDC1, with an emphasis on comparing individual roles for HS and CS modified DMTPs. We highlight the mutual dependence of DMTPs' GAG chains and core proteins and provide comprehensive knowledge on how these DMTPs, through regulation of ligand availability and receptor internalization, control cell signaling pathways involved in development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Ben Horst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Carly L Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rubiś P, Wiśniowska-Smiałek S, Wypasek E, Rudnicka-Sosin L, Hlawaty M, Leśniak-Sobelga A, Kostkiewicz M, Podolec P. 12-month patterns of serum markers of collagen synthesis, transforming growth factor and connective tissue growth factor are similar in new-onset and chronic dilated cardiomyopathy in patients both with and without cardiac fibrosis. Cytokine 2017; 96:217-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
37
|
Walton KL, Johnson KE, Harrison CA. Targeting TGF-β Mediated SMAD Signaling for the Prevention of Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:461. [PMID: 28769795 PMCID: PMC5509761 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis occurs when there is an imbalance in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and degradation. Excessive ECM deposition results in scarring and thickening of the affected tissue, and interferes with tissue and organ homeostasis – mimicking an exaggerated “wound healing” response. Many transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands are potent drivers of ECM deposition, and additionally, have a natural affinity for the ECM, creating a concentrated pool of pro-fibrotic factors at the site of injury. Consequently, TGF-β ligands are upregulated in many human fibrotic conditions and, as such, are attractive targets for fibrosis therapy. Here, we will discuss the contribution of TGF-β proteins in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, and promising anti-fibrotic approaches that target TGF-β ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Walton
- Growth Factor Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Katharine E Johnson
- Growth Factor Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Craig A Harrison
- Growth Factor Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun F, Li X, Duan WQ, Tian W, Gao M, Yang J, Wu XY, Huang D, Xia W, Han YN, Wang JX, Liu YX, Dong CJ, Zhao D, Ban T, Chu WF. Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor III is a Potential Regulator of Ischemia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005357. [PMID: 28559372 PMCID: PMC5669164 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is often accompanied by cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which decreases heart function and leads to an increased risk of heart failure. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of transforming growth factor‐β receptor III (TGFβR3) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis during MI. Methods and Results An MI mouse model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Cell viability, apoptosis, TGFβR3, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling were assessed by methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that TGFβR3 expression in the border region of the heart was dynamically changed during MI. After stimulation with H2O2, TGFβR3 overexpression in cardiomyocytes led to increased cell apoptosis and activation of p38 signaling, whereas TGFβR3 knockdown had the opposite effect. ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 signaling was not altered by TGFβR3 modulation, and p38 inhibitor (SB203580) reduced the effect of TGFβR3 on apoptosis, suggesting that p38 has a nonredundant function in activating apoptosis. Consistent with the in vitro observations, cardiac TGFβR3 transgenic mice showed augmented cardiomyocyte apoptosis, enlarged infarct size, increased injury, and enhanced p38 signaling upon MI. Conversely, cardiac loss of function of TGFβR3 by adeno‐associated viral vector serotype 9–TGFβR3 short hairpin RNA attenuated the effects of MI in mice. Conclusions TGFβR3 promotes apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via a p38 pathway–associated mechanism, and loss of TGFβR3 reduces MI injury, which suggests that TGFβR3 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Qi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xia-Yang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy (Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment), The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Ban
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Feng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kao DP, Stevens LM, Hinterberg MA, Görg C. Phenotype-Specific Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: a Genome-Wide Association Analysis of the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:285-294. [PMID: 28105587 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about genetics of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in part because of the many comorbidities in this population. To identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with HFpEF, we analyzed phenotypic and genotypic data from the Cardiovascular Health Study, which profiled patients using a 50,000 SNP array. Results were explored using novel SNP- and gene-centric tools. We performed analyses to determine whether some SNPs were relevant only in certain phenotypes. Among 3804 patients, 7 clinical factors and 9 SNPs were significantly associated with HFpEF; the most notable of which was rs6996224, a SNP associated with transforming growth factor-beta receptor 3. Most SNPs were associated with HFpEF only in the absence of a clinical predictor. Significant SNPs represented genes involved in myocyte proliferation, transforming growth factor-beta/erbB signaling, and extracellular matrix formation. These findings suggest that genetic factors may be more important in some phenotypes than others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Kao
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave Campus Box B-139, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Laura M Stevens
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave Campus Box B-139, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael A Hinterberg
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave Campus Box B-139, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Carsten Görg
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave Campus Box B-139, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Relevance of mouse models of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiac research. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:123-145. [PMID: 27766529 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease causing cardiac cell death due to ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathies are the major cause for congestive heart failure, and thrombosis of the coronary arteries is the most common cause of myocardial infarction. Cardiac injury is followed by post-injury cardiac remodeling or fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the cardiac interstitium and results in both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. It has been suggested by both experimental and clinical evidence that fibrotic changes in the heart are reversible. Hence, it is vital to understand the mechanism involved in the initiation, progression, and resolution of cardiac fibrosis to design anti-fibrotic treatment modalities. Animal models are of great importance for cardiovascular research studies. With the developing research field, the choice of selecting an animal model for the proposed research study is crucial for its outcome and translational purpose. Compared to large animal models for cardiac research, the mouse model is preferred by many investigators because of genetic manipulations and easier handling. This critical review is focused to provide insight to young researchers about the various mouse models, advantages and disadvantages, and their use in research pertaining to cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lou J, Zhao D, Zhang LL, Song SY, Li YC, Sun F, Ding XQ, Yu CJ, Li YY, Liu MT, Dong CJ, Ji Y, Li H, Chu W, Zhang ZR. Type III Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Drives Cardiac Hypertrophy Through β-Arrestin2–Dependent Activation of Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II. Hypertension 2016; 68:654-66. [PMID: 27432858 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of type III transforming growth factor-β receptor (TβRIII) in the pathogenesis of heart diseases remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the functional role and molecular mechanisms of TβRIII in the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Western blot and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the expression of TβRIII was significantly elevated in human cardiac hypertrophic samples. Consistently, TβRIII expression was substantially increased in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)– and isoproterenol-induced mouse cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Overexpression of TβRIII resulted in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, whereas isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was greatly attenuated by knockdown of TβRIII in vitro. Cardiac-specific transgenic expression of TβRIII independently led to cardiac hypertrophy in mice, which was further aggravated by isoproterenol and TAC treatment. Cardiac contractile function of the mice was not altered in TβRIII transgenic mice; however, TAC led to significantly decreased cardiac contractile function in TβRIII transgenic mice compared with control mice. Conversely, isoproterenol- and TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and TAC-induced cardiac contractile function impairment were partially reversed by suppression of TβRIII in vivo. Our data suggest that TβRIII mediates stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy through activation of Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, which requires a physical interaction of β-arrestin2 with both TβRIII and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Our findings indicate that stress-induced increase in TβRIII expression results in cardiac hypertrophy through β-arrestin2–dependent activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and that transforming growth factor-β and β-adrenergic receptor signaling are not involved in spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy in cardiac-specific transgenic expression of TβRIII mice. Our findings may provide a novel target for control of myocardial hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lou
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Dan Zhao
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.).
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Shu-Ying Song
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Yan-Chao Li
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Fei Sun
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Xiao-Qing Ding
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Chang-Jiang Yu
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Mei-Tong Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Chang-Jiang Dong
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Yong Ji
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| | - Wenfeng Chu
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.).
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology and Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China (J.L., S.-Y.S., Y.-C.L., X.-Q.D., C.-J.Y., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, China (D.Z., Z.-R.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, China (L.-L.Z., F.S., Y.-Y.L., M.-T.L., C.-J.D., W.C.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L.).
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rosch JC, Hollmann EK, Lippmann ES. In vitro selection technologies to enhance biomaterial functionality. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:962-71. [PMID: 27188514 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216647182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells make decisions and fate choices based in part on cues they receive from their external environment. Factors that affect the interpretation of these cues include the soluble proteins that are present at any given time, the cell surface receptors that are available to bind these proteins, and the relative affinities of the soluble proteins for their cognate receptors. Researchers have identified many of the biological motifs responsible for the high-affinity interactions between proteins and their receptors, and subsequently incorporated these motifs into biomaterials to elicit control over cell behavior. Common modes of control include localized sequestration of proteins to improve bioavailability and direct inhibition or activation of a receptor by an immobilized peptide or protein. However, naturally occurring biological motifs often possess promiscuous affinity for multiple proteins and receptors or lack programmable actuation in response to dynamic stimuli, thereby limiting the amount of control they can exert over cellular decisions. These natural motifs only represent a small fraction of the biological diversity that can be assayed by in vitro selection strategies, and the discovery of "artificial" motifs with varying affinity, specificity, and functionality could greatly expand the repertoire of engineered biomaterial properties. This minireview provides a brief summary of classical and emerging techniques in peptide phage display and nucleic acid aptamer selections and discusses prospective applications in the areas of cell adhesion, angiogenesis, neural regeneration, and immune modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah C Rosch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Emma K Hollmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Deluyker D, Ferferieva V, Noben JP, Swennen Q, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Rigo JM, Bito V. Cross-linking versus RAGE: How do high molecular weight advanced glycation products induce cardiac dysfunction? Int J Cardiol 2016; 210:100-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
44
|
López B, Ravassa S, González A, Zubillaga E, Bonavila C, Bergés M, Echegaray K, Beaumont J, Moreno MU, San José G, Larman M, Querejeta R, Díez J. Myocardial Collagen Cross-Linking Is Associated With Heart Failure Hospitalization in Patients With Hypertensive Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:251-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
Qiu SS, Dotor J, Hontanilla B. Effect of P144® (Anti-TGF-β) in an "In Vivo" Human Hypertrophic Scar Model in Nude Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144489. [PMID: 26720517 PMCID: PMC4697841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic scars are one of the most important complications in surgery due to their cosmetic and functional impairments. Previous studies in tissue fibrotic disorders have shown promising results by inhibiting the biological activity effect of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). The aim of the current study was to determine the clinical effect of the inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling in human hypertrophic scars implanted in nude mice by topical application of an inhibitor of TGF-β1 (P144®). Material and Methods A total of 30 human hypertrophic scars were implanted in 60 nude mice. The animals were divided in two groups, group A (placebo) and group B (treatment). Group C (basal) was considered as the preimplanted scar samples and they were not implanted in the nude mice. After the shedding period, topical application of a lipogel containing placebo (group A) or P144 (group B) was daily administered during two weeks. The animals were sacrificed upon completion of the study. Total area, thickness and collagen fibers area were measure and compared across all groups. Immunohistochemistry was also performed in order to quantify collagen type I and type III and elastic fiber expressions present in the dermis. Results Successful shedding was achieved in 83,3% of the xenografts. The mean time for shedding was 35±5.4 days. Statistically significant differences were found in the total area, collagen fibers area and thickness between the groups. Increased elastic fibers and decreased collagen I were found in the P144-treated group compared to the basal group. Conclusion Topical application of an inhibitor of TGF-β1 may promote scar maturation and clinical improvement of hypertrophic scar morphology features in an “in vivo” model in nude mice after two weeks of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Bernardo Hontanilla
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Horgan SJ, Watson CJ, Glezeva N, Collier P, Neary R, Tea IJ, Corrigan N, Ledwidge M, McDonald K, Baugh JA. Serum Amyloid P-Component Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in Hypertensive Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:554-66. [PMID: 26577946 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The potential for serum amyloid P-component (SAP) to prevent cardiac remodeling and identify worsening diastolic dysfunction (DD) was investigated. The anti-fibrotic potential of SAP was tested in an animal model of hypertensive heart disease (spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with SAP [SHR - SAP] × 12 weeks). Biomarker analysis included a prospective study of 60 patients with asymptomatic progressive DD. Compared with vehicle-treated Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY-V), the vehicle-treated SHRs (SHR-V) exhibited significant increases in left ventricular mass, perivascular collagen, cardiomyocyte size, and macrophage infiltration. SAP administration was associated with significantly lower left ventricular mass (p < 0.01), perivascular collagen (p < 0.01), and cardiomyocyte size (p < 0.01). Macrophage infiltration was significantly attenuated in the SHR-SAP group. Biomarker analysis showed significant decreases in SAP concentration over time in patients with progressive DD (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that SAP prevents cardiac remodeling by inhibiting recruitment of pro-fibrotic macrophages and that depleted SAP levels identify patients with advancing DD suggesting a role for SAP therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Horgan
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Chris J Watson
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nadia Glezeva
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Pat Collier
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Roisin Neary
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isaac J Tea
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Corrigan
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ledwidge
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ken McDonald
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John A Baugh
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The emerging roles of β-arrestins in fibrotic diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1277-87. [PMID: 26388156 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins and β-arrestin2 are important adaptor proteins and signal transduction proteins that are mainly involved in the desensitization and internalization of G-protein-coupled receptors. Fibrosis is characterized by accumulation of excess extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules caused by chronic tissue injury. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process leads to organ malfunction and, eventually, death. The incurable lung fibrosis, renal fibrosis and liver fibrosis are among the most common fibrotic diseases. Recent studies show that β-arrestins can activate signaling cascades independent of G-protein activation and scaffold many intracellular signaling networks by diverse types of signaling pathways, including the Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch and transforming growth factor-β pathways, as well as downstream kinases such as MAPK and PI3K. These signaling pathways are involved in the pathological process of fibrosis and fibrotic diseases. This β-arrestin-mediated regulation not only affects cell growth and apoptosis, but also the deposition of ECM, activation of inflammatory response and development of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we survey the involvement of β-arrestins in various signaling pathways and highlight different aspects of their regulation of fibrosis. We also discuss the important roles of β-arrestins in the process of fibrotic diseases by regulating the inflammation and deposit of ECM. It is becoming more evident that targeting β-arrestins may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
|
48
|
Dissecting fibrosis: therapeutic insights from the small-molecule toolbox. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:693-720. [PMID: 26338155 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, which leads to progressive loss of tissue function and eventual organ failure, has been estimated to contribute to ~45% of deaths in the developed world, and so new therapeutics to modulate fibrosis are urgently needed. Major advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathological fibrosis are supporting the search for such therapeutics, and the recent approval of two anti-fibrotic drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has demonstrated the tractability of this area for drug discovery. This Review examines the pharmacology and structural information for small molecules being evaluated for lung, liver, kidney and skin fibrosis. In particular, we discuss the insights gained from the use of these pharmacological tools, and how these entities can inform, and probe, emerging insights into disease mechanisms, including the potential for future drug combinations.
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Schade
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alleyn T. Plowright
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative
Medicines, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43183, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
González-Santamaría J, Villalba M, Busnadiego O, López-Olañeta MM, Sandoval P, Snabel J, López-Cabrera M, Erler JT, Hanemaaijer R, Lara-Pezzi E, Rodríguez-Pascual F. Matrix cross-linking lysyl oxidases are induced in response to myocardial infarction and promote cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:67-78. [PMID: 26260798 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS After myocardial infarction (MI), extensive remodelling of the extracellular matrix contributes to scar formation. While aiming to preserve tissue integrity, this fibrotic response is also associated with adverse events, including a markedly increased risk of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by extensive deposition of collagen and also by increased stiffness as a consequence of enhanced collagen cross-linking. Members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of enzymes are responsible for the formation of collagen cross-links. This study investigates the contribution of LOX family members to the heart response to MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Experimental MI was induced in C57BL/6 mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The expression of LOX isoforms (LOX and LOXL1-4) was strongly increased upon MI, and this response was accompanied by a significant accumulation of mature collagen fibres in the infarcted area. LOX expression was observed in areas of extensive remodelling, partially overlapping with α-smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts. Tumour growth factor-β as well as hypoxia-activated pathways contributed to the induction of LOX expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Finally, in vivo post-infarction treatment with the broadband LOX inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile or, selectively, with a neutralizing antibody against the canonical LOX isoform attenuated collagen accumulation and maturation and also resulted in reduced ventricular dilatation and improved cardiac function. CONCLUSION LOX family members contribute significantly to the detrimental effects of cardiac remodelling, highlighting LOX inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for post-infarction recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José González-Santamaría
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | - María Villalba
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Oscar Busnadiego
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | - Marina M López-Olañeta
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | | | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Pascual
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E28049, Spain
| |
Collapse
|