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Johnson RD, Lei M, McVey JH, Camelliti P. Human myofibroblasts increase the arrhythmogenic potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:276. [PMID: 37668685 PMCID: PMC10480244 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have the potential to remuscularize infarcted hearts but their arrhythmogenicity remains an obstacle to safe transplantation. Myofibroblasts are the predominant cell-type in the infarcted myocardium but their impact on transplanted hiPSC-CMs remains poorly defined. Here, we investigate the effect of myofibroblasts on hiPSC-CMs electrophysiology and Ca2+ handling using optical mapping of advanced human cell coculture systems mimicking cell-cell interaction modalities. Human myofibroblasts altered the electrophysiology and Ca2+ handling of hiPSC-CMs and downregulated mRNAs encoding voltage channels (KV4.3, KV11.1 and Kir6.2) and SERCA2a calcium pump. Interleukin-6 was elevated in the presence of myofibroblasts and direct stimulation of hiPSC-CMs with exogenous interleukin-6 recapitulated the paracrine effects of myofibroblasts. Blocking interleukin-6 reduced the effects of myofibroblasts only in the absence of physical contact between cell-types. Myofibroblast-specific connexin43 knockdown reduced functional changes in contact cocultures only when combined with interleukin-6 blockade. This provides the first in-depth investigation into how human myofibroblasts modulate hiPSC-CMs function, identifying interleukin-6 and connexin43 as paracrine- and contact-mediators respectively, and highlighting their potential as targets for reducing arrhythmic risk in cardiac cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John H McVey
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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2
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Arenal Á, Ríos-Muñoz GR, Carta-Bergaz A, Ruiz-Hernández PM, Pérez-David E, Crisóstomo V, Loughlin G, Sanz-Ruiz R, Fernández-Portales J, Acosta A, Báez-Díaz C, Blanco-Blázquez V, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Pareja M, Fernández-Santos ME, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Casado JG, Fernández-Avilés F. Effects of Cardiac Stem Cell on Postinfarction Arrhythmogenic Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16211. [PMID: 36555857 PMCID: PMC9781106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical data suggest that cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) could modify post-infarction scar and ventricular remodeling and reduce the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT). This paper assesses the effect of CDCs on VT substrate in a pig model of postinfarction monomorphic VT. We studied the effect of CDCs on the electrophysiological properties and histological structure of dense scar and heterogeneous tissue (HT). Optical mapping and histological evaluation were performed 16 weeks after the induction of a myocardial infarction by transient occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in 21 pigs. Four weeks after LAD occlusion, pigs were randomized to receive intracoronary plus trans-myocardial CDCs (IC+TM group, n: 10) or to a control group. Optical mapping (OM) showed an action potential duration (APD) gradient between HT and normal tissue in both groups. CDCs increased conduction velocity (53 ± 5 vs. 45 ± 6 cm/s, p < 0.01), prolonged APD (280 ± 30 ms vs. 220 ± 40 ms, p < 0.01) and decreased APD dispersion in the HT. During OM, a VT was induced in one and seven of the IC+TM and control hearts (p = 0.03), respectively; five of these VTs had their critical isthmus located in intra-scar HT found adjacent to the coronary arteries. Histological evaluation of HT revealed less fibrosis (p < 0.01), lower density of myofibroblasts (p = 0.001), and higher density of connexin-43 in the IC+TM group. Scar and left ventricular volumes did not show differences between groups. Allogeneic CDCs early after myocardial infarction can modify the structure and electrophysiology of post-infarction scar. These findings pave the way for novel therapeutic properties of CDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Arenal
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo R Ríos-Muñoz
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- BSEL-Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Carta-Bergaz
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo M Ruiz-Hernández
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Pérez-David
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Crisóstomo
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gerard Loughlin
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandra Acosta
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Báez-Díaz
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Virginia Blanco-Blázquez
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - María J Ledesma-Carbayo
- Departamento Ingeniería Electrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Pareja
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María E Fernández-Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco M Sánchez-Margallo
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Javier G Casado
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Baci D, Bosi A, Parisi L, Buono G, Mortara L, Ambrosio G, Bruno A. Innate Immunity Effector Cells as Inflammatory Drivers of Cardiac Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197165. [PMID: 32998408 PMCID: PMC7583949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite relevant advances made in therapies for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), they still represent the first cause of death worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling are common end-organ features in diseased hearts, leading to tissue stiffness, impaired myocardial functional, and progression to heart failure. Although fibrosis has been largely recognized to accompany and complicate various CVDs, events and mechanisms driving and governing fibrosis are still not entirely elucidated, and clinical interventions targeting cardiac fibrosis are not yet available. Immune cell types, both from innate and adaptive immunity, are involved not just in the classical response to pathogens, but they take an active part in “sterile” inflammation, in response to ischemia and other forms of injury. In this context, different cell types infiltrate the injured heart and release distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines that initiate the fibrotic response by triggering myofibroblast activation. The complex interplay between immune cells, fibroblasts, and other non-immune/host-derived cells is now considered as the major driving force of cardiac fibrosis. Here, we review and discuss the contribution of inflammatory cells of innate immunity, including neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, eosinophils and mast cells, in modulating the myocardial microenvironment, by orchestrating the fibrogenic process in response to tissue injury. A better understanding of the time frame, sequences of events during immune cells infiltration, and their action in the injured inflammatory heart environment, may provide a rationale to design new and more efficacious therapeutic interventions to reduce cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Baci
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (A.B.); Tel.:+39-02-5540-6648 (A.B.)
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Luca Parisi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Buono
- Unit of Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Unit of Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (A.B.); Tel.:+39-02-5540-6648 (A.B.)
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4
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Jin G, Li W, Song F, Zhao J, Wang M, Liu Q, Li A, Huang G, Xu F. Fluorescent conjugated polymer nanovector for in vivo tracking and regulating the fate of stem cells for restoring infarcted myocardium. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:195-207. [PMID: 32294553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds great promise for cardiac regeneration. However, the lack of ability to control stem cell fate after in vivo transplantation greatly restricts its therapeutic outcomes. MicroRNA delivery has emerged as a powerful tool to control stem cell fate for enhanced cardiac regeneration. However, the clinical translation of therapy based on gene-transfected stem cells remains challenging, due to the unknown in vivo behaviors of stem cells. Here, we developed a nano-platform (i.e., PFBT@miR-1-Tat NPs) that can achieve triggered release of microRNA-1 to promote cardiac differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and long-term tracking of transplanted MSCs through bright and ultra-stable fluorescence of conjugated polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT). We found that PFBT@miR-1-Tat NP-treated MSCs significantly restored the infarcted myocardium by promoting stem cell cardiac differentiation and integration with the in situ cardiac tissues. Meanwhile, MSCs without gene delivery improved the infarcted heart functions mainly through a paracrine effect and blood vessel formation. The developed conjugated polymer nanovector should be a powerful tool for manipulating as well as revealing the fate of therapeutic cells in vivo, which is critical for optimizing the therapeutic route of gene and cell combined therapy and therefore for accelerating clinical translation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The lack of controllability in stem cell fate and the unclear in vivo cellular behaviors restrict the therapeutic outcomes of stem cell therapy. Herein, we engineered fluorescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles as gene delivery nanovectors with controlled release and high intracellular delivery capability to harness the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo, meanwhile to reveal the cellular mechanism of gene-treated stem cell therapy. As compared with only MSC treatment that improves infarcted myocardium functions through paracrine effect, treatment with conjugated polymer nanovector-treated MSCs significantly restored infarcted myocardium through enhancing MSC cardiac differentiation and integration with the in-situ cardiac tissues. These findings demonstrate that the conjugated polymer nanovector would be a powerful tool in optimizing gene and cell combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wenfang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Lab Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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5
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Cell-based therapies for the treatment of myocardial infarction: lessons from cardiac regeneration and repair mechanisms in non-human vertebrates. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 24:133-142. [PMID: 30421074 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the cardiovascular condition with the highest impact on the Western population. In mammals (humans included), prolonged ischemia in the ventricular walls causes the death of cardiomyocytes (myocardial infarction, MI). The loss of myocardial mass is soon compensated by the formation of a reparative, non-contractile fibrotic scar that ultimately affects heart performance. Despite the enormous clinical relevance of MI, no effective therapy is available for the long-term treatment of this condition. Moreover, since the human heart is not able to undergo spontaneous regeneration, many researchers aim at designing cell-based therapies that allow for the substitution of dead cardiomyocytes by new, functional ones. So far, the majority of such strategies rely on the injection of different progenitor/stem cells to the infarcted heart. These cardiovascular progenitors, which are expected to differentiate into cardiomyocytes de novo, seldom give rise to new cardiac muscle. In this context, the most important challenge in the field is to fully disclose the molecular and cellular mechanisms that could promote active myocardial regeneration after cardiac damage. Accordingly, we suggest that such strategy should be inspired by the unique regenerative and reparative responses displayed by non-human animal models, from the restricted postnatal myocardial regeneration abilities of the murine heart to the full ventricular regeneration of some bony fishes (e.g., zebrafish). In this review article, we will discuss about current scientific approaches to study cardiac reparative and regenerative phenomena using animal models.
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6
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Shen YH, LeMaire SA, Webb NR, Cassis LA, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections Series. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e37-e46. [PMID: 32101472 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aortic wall is composed of highly dynamic cell populations and extracellular matrix. In response to changes in the biomechanical environment, aortic cells and extracellular matrix modulate their structure and functions to increase aortic wall strength and meet the hemodynamic demand. Compromise in the structural and functional integrity of aortic components leads to aortic degeneration, biomechanical failure, and the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections (AAD). A better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of AAD will facilitate the development of effective medications to treat these conditions. Here, we summarize recent findings on AAD published in ATVB. In this issue, we focus on the dynamics of aortic cells and extracellular matrix in AAD; in the next issue, we will focus on the role of signaling pathways in AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying H Shen
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.H.S., S.A.L.).,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.H.S., S.A.L.).,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Nancy R Webb
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W., L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W., L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Li L, Zhao Q, Kong W. Extracellular matrix remodeling and cardiac fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:490-506. [PMID: 29371055 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the myocardium, distorts the architecture of the myocardium, facilitates the progression of arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction, and influences the clinical course and outcome in patients with heart failure. This review describes the composition and homeostasis in normal cardiac interstitial matrix and introduces cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis. We also characterize the ECM alteration in the fibrotic response under diverse cardiac pathological conditions and depict the role of matricellular proteins in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, the diagnosis of cardiac fibrosis based on imaging and biomarker detection and the therapeutic strategies are addressed. Understanding the comprehensive molecules and pathways involved in ECM homeostasis and remodeling may provide important novel potential targets for preventing and treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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8
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Du X. Post-infarct cardiac injury, protection and repair: roles of non-cardiomyocyte multicellular and acellular components. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:266-276. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Hematti P. Role of Extracellular Matrix in Cardiac Cellular Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1098:173-188. [PMID: 30238371 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97421-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential regulator of homeostasis at the cellular, tissue, and organ level. It is now very well known that ECM dynamic remodeling is indispensable not only for normal growth and development but also recovery from tissue injuries. Indeed, abnormal remodeling of the ECM plays a major role in many pathophysiological processes and contributes to many different pathologies including cardiovascular disorders. Recently, cellular therapies have emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for restoration of lost cardiomyocytes or their rejuvenation after cardiac damage and injuries. Harnessing the biological properties of ECM could be a viable strategy to enhance the therapeutic effects of cellular therapies by improving the engraftment, integration, survival, and functional adaptation of newly transplanted cells in many different platforms. Conversely, transplanted cells could restore the functionality and original composition of damaged ECM by secreting and depositing new ECM or stimulating normal ECM production by cardiac tissue native cells. Although the ultimate role of cell therapy in treatment of cardiac disorders is still a matter of great debate, the potential utility of ECM in improving the therapeutic effect of transplanted cells and vice versa the potential role of cell therapy as a means to restore the structure and functionality of damaged ECM should be carefully considered in implementation of future clinical cardiovascular cell therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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10
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, it has become clear that long-term engraftment of any ex vivo expanded cell product transplanted into injured myocardium is modest and all therapeutic regeneration is mediated by stimulation of endogenous repair rather than differentiation of transplanted cells into working myocardium. Given that increasing the retention of transplanted cells boosts myocardial function, focus on the fundamental mechanisms limiting retention and survival of transplanted cells may enable strategies to help to restore normal cardiac function. Areas covered: This review outlines the challenges confronting cardiac engraftment of ex vivo expanded cells and explores means of enhancing cell-mediated repair of injured myocardium. Expert opinion: Stem cell therapy has already come a long way in terms of regenerating damaged hearts though the poor retention of transplanted cells limits the full potential of truly cardiotrophic cell products. Multifaceted strategies directed towards fundamental mechanisms limiting the long-term survival of transplanted cells will be needed to enhance transplanted cell retention and cell-mediated repair of damaged myocardium for cardiac cell therapy to reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darryl R Davis
- a University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
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11
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Shen YH, LeMaire SA. Molecular pathogenesis of genetic and sporadic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Curr Probl Surg 2017; 54:95-155. [PMID: 28521856 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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12
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Paracrine Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Matrix Stiffness-Induced Cardiac Myofibroblast Differentiation via Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Smad7. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33067. [PMID: 27703175 PMCID: PMC5050447 DOI: 10.1038/srep33067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) hold great promise in cardiac fibrosis therapy, due to their potential ability of inhibiting cardiac myofibroblast differentiation (a hallmark of cardiac fibrosis). However, the mechanism involved in their effects remains elusive. To explore this, it is necessary to develop an in vitro cardiac fibrosis model that incorporates pore size and native tissue-mimicking matrix stiffness, which may regulate cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. In the present study, collagen coated polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates were fabricated, in which the pore size was adjusted without altering the matrix stiffness. Stiffness is shown to regulate cardiac myofibroblast differentiation independently of pore size. Substrate at a stiffness of 30 kPa, which mimics the stiffness of native fibrotic cardiac tissue, was found to induce cardiac myofibroblast differentiation to create in vitro cardiac fibrosis model. Conditioned medium of hMSCs was applied to the model to determine its role and inhibitory mechanism on cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. It was found that hMSCs secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to inhibit cardiac myofibroblast differentiation via downregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and upregulation of Smad7. These findings would aid in establishment of the therapeutic use of hMSCs in cardiac fibrosis therapy in future.
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13
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Pijnappels DA. Chatty Cells: Not Cardiac Regeneration, But Segregation for Rhythm Preservation? JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2016; 2:583-586. [PMID: 29759577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniël A Pijnappels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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De Angelis A, Urbanek K, Cappetta D, Piegari E, Ciuffreda LP, Rivellino A, Russo R, Esposito G, Rossi F, Berrino L. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and target cells: a broader perspective. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY 2016; 2:2. [PMID: 33530140 PMCID: PMC7837148 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-016-0012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin is becoming an interdisciplinary point of interest given a growing population of cancer survivors. The complex and not completely understood pathogenesis of this complication makes difficult to design successful preventive or curative measures. Although cardiomyocyte has been considered a classical cellular target, other cells including various types of undifferentiated cells are involved in myocardial homeostasis. Such perspective may shed light on previously unrecognized aspects of cardiotoxicity and promote new experimental and clinical cardioprotective strategies. In this review, different cellular targets of doxorubicin are discussed with the focus on cardiac progenitor cells, oxidative stress, DNA damage, senescence and apoptosis all of which contribute to their compromised functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Donato Cappetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Piegari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Loreta Pia Ciuffreda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Rivellino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Russo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Esposito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Liberato Berrino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
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C-kit(+) resident cardiac stem cells improve left ventricular fibrosis in pressure overload. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:700-711. [PMID: 26587804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of resident cardiac stem cells (RCSC) on myocardial remodeling, c-kit(+) RCSC were isolated from hearts of C57Bl/6-Tg (ACTb-EGFP)1Osb/J mice expressing green fluorescent protein and expanded in vitro. C57/Bl6N wildtype mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC, 360 μm) or sham-operation. 5 × 10(5) c-kit(+) RCSC or c-kit(-) cardiac cells or cell buffer were infused intravenously 24 h post-surgery (n = 11-24 per group). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-mRNA in left ventricles of TAC mice was enhanced 24 h after transplantation. 35 days post-TAC, the density of c-kit(+) RCSC in the myocardium was increased by two-fold. Infusion of c-kit(+) resident cardiac stem cells post-TAC markedly reduced myocardial fibrosis and the expression of collagen Iα2 and connective tissue growth factor. Infusion of c-kit(-) cardiac cells did not ameliorate cardiac fibrosis. In parallel, expression of pro-angiogenic mediators (FGFb, IL-4, IL-6, TGFß, leptin) and the density of CD31(+) and CD31(+) GFP(+) endothelial cells were increased. Transplantation reduced brain- and atrial natriuretic peptides and the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Infusion of c-kit(+) resident cardiac stem reduced the rate of apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and in non-cardiomyocyte cells.
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Abstract
Despite the increasing use of stem cells for regenerative-based cardiac therapy, the optimal stem cell population(s) remains in a cloud of uncertainty. In the past decade, the field has witnessed a surge of researchers discovering stem cell populations reported to directly and/or indirectly contribute to cardiac regeneration through processes of cardiomyogenic commitment and/or release of cardioprotective paracrine factors. This review centers upon defining basic biological characteristics of stem cells used for sustaining cardiac integrity during disease and maintenance of communication between the cardiac environment and stem cells. Given the limited successes achieved so far in regenerative therapy, the future requires development of unprecedented concepts involving combinatorial approaches to create and deliver the optimal stem cell(s) that will enhance myocardial healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Quijada
- Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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17
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Jastrzebska E, Tomecka E, Jesion I. Heart-on-a-chip based on stem cell biology. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 75:67-81. [PMID: 26298640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases are one of the main causes of death around the world. The great challenge for scientists is to develop new therapeutic methods for these types of ailments. Stem cells (SCs) therapy could be one of a promising technique used for renewal of cardiac cells and treatment of heart diseases. Conventional in vitro techniques utilized for investigation of heart regeneration do not mimic natural cardiac physiology. Lab-on-a-chip systems may be the solution which could allow the creation of a heart muscle model, enabling the growth of cardiac cells in conditions similar to in vivo conditions. Microsystems can be also used for differentiation of stem cells into heart cells, successfully. It will help better understand of proliferation and regeneration ability of these cells. In this review, we present Heart-on-a-chip systems based on cardiac cell culture and stem cell biology. This review begins with the description of the physiological environment and the functions of the heart. Next, we shortly described conventional techniques of stem cells differentiation into the cardiac cells. This review is mostly focused on describing Lab-on-a-chip systems for cardiac tissue engineering. Therefore, in the next part of this article, the microsystems for both cardiac cell culture and SCs differentiation into cardiac cells are described. The section about SCs differentiation into the heart cells is divided in sections describing biochemical, physical and mechanical stimulations. Finally, we outline present challenges and future research concerning Heart-on-a-chip based on stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Jastrzebska
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Tomecka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Jesion
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Godwin J, Kuraitis D, Rosenthal N. Extracellular matrix considerations for scar-free repair and regeneration: Insights from regenerative diversity among vertebrates. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 56:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Ramkisoensing AA, Atsma DE. Image-guided intramyocardial cell injection: putting a puzzle piece in the right place. Neth Heart J 2014; 22:491-2. [PMID: 25331761 PMCID: PMC4391169 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-014-0608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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20
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Tao H, Yang JJ, Shi KH, Deng ZY, Li J. DNA methylation in cardiac fibrosis: new advances and perspectives. Toxicology 2014; 323:125-9. [PMID: 25017140 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the cardiac interstitium, and contributes to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. More specifically, cardiac fibroblasts are activated by a variety of pathological stimuli, thereby undergoing proliferation, differentiation to myofibroblasts, and production of various cytokines and ECM proteins. Thus, understanding the biological processes of cardiac fibroblasts will provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism, which often occurs in response to environmental stimuli and is crucial in regulating gene expression. The aberrant methylation of CpG island promoters of selected genes is the prominent epigenetic mechanism by which gene transcription can be effectively silenced. Aberrant hypermethylation of a few selected genes such as RASSF1A plays an important role in facilitating fibrotic fibroblast activation and in driving fibrosis. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms of DNA methylation and their implications for cardiac fibroblasts activation and fibrosis. Control of DNA methylation may serve as a new strategy for anti-fibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Zi-Yu Deng
- Department of Scientific and Educational, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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21
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Hirsch E, Nagai R, Thum T. Heterocellular signalling and crosstalk in the heart in ischaemia and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:191-3. [PMID: 24713616 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino 1026 Italy
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