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Niu K, Zhang C, Yang M, Maguire EM, Shi Z, Sun S, Wu J, Liu C, An W, Wang X, Gao S, Ge S, Xiao Q. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 controls vascular smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype and neointimal hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:796-810. [PMID: 38498586 PMCID: PMC11135647 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 (SNHG18) has been widely implicated in cancers. However, little is known about its functional involvement in vascular diseases. Herein, we attempted to explore a role for SNHG18 in modulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contractile phenotype and injury-induced neointima formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptomic datasets showed decreased levels of SNHG18 in injured and atherosclerotic murine and human arteries, which is positively associated with VSMC contractile genes. SNHG18 was upregulated in VSMCs by TGFβ1 through transcription factors Sp1 and SMAD3. SNHG18 gene gain/loss-of-function studies revealed that VSMC contractile phenotype was positively regulated by SNHG18. Mechanistic studies showed that SNHG18 promotes a contractile VSMC phenotype by up-regulating miR-22-3p. SNHG18 up-regulates miR-22 biogenesis and miR-22-3p production by competitive binding with the A-to-I RNA editing enzyme, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-2 (ADAR2). Surprisingly, we observed that ADAR2 inhibited miR-22 biogenesis not through increasing A-to-I editing within primary miR-22, but by interfering with the binding of microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 to primary miR-22. Importantly, perivascular SNHG18 overexpression in the injured vessels dramatically up-regulated the expression levels of miR-22-3p and VSMC contractile genes, and prevented injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Such modulatory effects were reverted by miR-22-3p inhibition in the injured arteries. Finally, we observed a similar regulator role for SNHG18 in human VSMCs and a decreased expression level of both SNHG18 and miR-22-3p in diseased human arteries; and we found that the expression level of SNHG18 was positively associated with that of miR-22-3p in both healthy and diseased human arteries. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that SNHG18 is a novel regulator in governing VSMC contractile phenotype and preventing injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Our findings have important implications for therapeutic targeting snhg18/miR-22-3p signalling in vascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Humans
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Animals
- Phenotype
- Hyperplasia
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Male
- Signal Transduction
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Niu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 390, Huaihe Road, LuYang District, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, PR China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Eithne Margaret Maguire
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Zhenning Shi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shasha Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Chenxin Liu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Weiwei An
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China
| | - Shenglin Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China
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2
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Pan A, Xue Y, Ruan X, Dong W, Wang D, Liu Y, Liu L, Lin Y, E T, Lin H, Xu H, Liu X, Wang P. m5C modification of LINC00324 promotes angiogenesis in glioma through CBX3/VEGFR2 pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128409. [PMID: 38016610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a major role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This is why finding antiangiogenic targets is essential in the treatment of gliomas. In this study, NSUN2 and LINC00324 were significantly upregulated in conditionally cultured glioblastoma endothelial cells (GECs). Knockdown of NSUN2 or LINC00324 inhibits GECs angiogenesis. NSUN2 increased the stability of LINC00324 by m5C modification and upregulated LINC00324 expression. LINC00324 competes with the 3'UTR of CBX3 mRNA to bind to AUH protein, reducing the degradation of CBX3 mRNA. In addition, CBX3 directly binds to the promoter region of VEGFR2, enhances VEGFR2 transcription, and promotes GECs angiogenesis. These findings demonstrated NSUN2/LINC00324/CBX3 axis plays a crucial role in regulating glioma angiogenesis, which provides new strategies for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aini Pan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xuelei Ruan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China.; Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China.; Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China.; Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Tiange E
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China.; Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hongda Lin
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China.; Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hailing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China.; Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China.; Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China..
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3
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Wang L, Ren Z, Wu L, Zhang X, Wang M, Niu H, He X, Wang H, Chen Y, Shi G, Qian X. HRD1 reduction promotes cholesterol-induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic change via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04902-0. [PMID: 38145449 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the main contributor of vascular pathological remodeling in atherosclerosis. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critical for maintaining VSMC function through elimination of misfolded proteins that impair VSMC cellular function. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is an ER-mediated process that controls protein quality by clearing misfolded proteins. One of the critical regulators of ERAD is HRD1, which also plays a vital role in lipid metabolism. However, the function of HRD1 in VSMCs of atherosclerotic vessels remains poorly understood. The level of HRD1 expression was analyzed in aortic tissues of mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). The H&E and EVG (VERHOEFF'S VAN GIESON) staining were used to demonstrate pathological vascular changes. IF (immunofluorescence) and WB (western blot) were used to explore the signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. The wound closure and transwell assays were also used to test the migration rate of VSMCs. CRISPR gene editing and transcriptomic analysis were applied in vitro to explore the cellular mechanism. Our data showed significant reduction of HRD1 in aortic tissues of mice under HFD feeding. VSMC phenotypic change and HRD1 downregulation were detected by cholesterol supplement. Transcriptomic and further analysis of HRD1-KO VSMCs showed that HRD1 deficiency induced the expression of genes related to ER stress response, proliferation and migration, but reduced the contractile-related genes in VSMCs. HRD1 deficiency also exacerbated the proliferation, migration and ROS production of VSMCs induced by cholesterol, which promoted the VSMC dedifferentiation. Our results showed that HRD1 played an essential role in the contractile homeostasis of VSMCs by negatively regulating ER stress response. Thus, HRD1 in VSMCs could serve as a potential therapeutic target in metabolic disorder-induced vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhitao Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Haiming Niu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Xuemin He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Heting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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4
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Caven L, Carabeo R. Chlamydial YAP activation in host endocervical epithelial cells mediates pro-fibrotic paracrine stimulation of fibroblasts. mSystems 2023; 8:e0090423. [PMID: 37874141 PMCID: PMC10734534 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00904-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Chronic or repeated infection of the female upper genital tract by C. trachomatis can lead to severe fibrotic sequelae, including tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. In this report, we define a transcriptional program specific to C. trachomatis infection of the upper genital tract, identifying tissue-specific induction of host YAP-a pro-fibrotic transcriptional cofactor-as a potential driver of infection-mediated fibrotic gene expression. Furthermore, we show that infected endocervical epithelial cells stimulate collagen production by fibroblasts and implicate chlamydial induction of YAP in this effect. Our results define a mechanism by which infection mediates tissue-level fibrotic pathology via paracrine signaling and identify YAP as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of Chlamydia-associated scarring of the female genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Caven
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rey Carabeo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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5
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Yang M, Zhou X, Pearce SW, Yang Z, Chen Q, Niu K, Liu C, Luo J, Li D, Shao Y, Zhang C, Chen D, Wu Q, Cutillas PR, Zhao L, Xiao Q, Zhang L. Causal Role for Neutrophil Elastase in Thoracic Aortic Dissection in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1900-1920. [PMID: 37589142 PMCID: PMC10521802 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a life-threatening aortic disease without effective medical treatment. Increasing evidence has suggested a role for NE (neutrophil elastase) in vascular diseases. In this study, we aimed at investigating a causal role for NE in TAD and exploring the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate was administrated in mice to induce TAD. NE deficiency mice, pharmacological inhibitor GW311616A, and adeno-associated virus-2-mediated in vivo gene transfer were applied to explore a causal role for NE and associated target gene in TAD formation. Multiple functional assays and biochemical analyses were conducted to unravel the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of NE in TAD. RESULTS NE aortic gene expression and plasma activity was significantly increased during β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate-induced TAD and in patients with acute TAD. NE deficiency prevents β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate-induced TAD onset/development, and GW311616A administration ameliorated TAD formation/progression. Decreased levels of neutrophil extracellular traps, inflammatory cells, and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2/9 were observed in NE-deficient mice. TBL1x (F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1x) has been identified as a novel substrate and functional downstream target of NE in TAD. Loss-of-function studies revealed that NE mediated inflammatory cell transendothelial migration by modulating TBL1x-LTA4H (leukotriene A4 hydrolase) signaling and that NE regulated smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation under TAD pathological condition by regulating TBL1x-MECP2 (methyl CpG-binding protein 2) signal axis. Further mechanistic studies showed that TBL1x inhibition decreased the binding of TBL1x and HDAC3 (histone deacetylase 3) to MECP2 and LTA4H gene promoters, respectively. Finally, adeno-associated virus-2-mediated Tbl1x gene knockdown in aortic smooth muscle cells confirmed a regulatory role for TBL1x in NE-mediated TAD formation. CONCLUSIONS We unravel a critical role of NE and its target TBL1x in regulating inflammatory cell migration and smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation in the context of TAD. Our findings suggest that the NE-TBL1x signal axis represents a valuable therapeutic for treating high-risk TAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (M.Y., Q.C., D.L., L. Zhang)
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (X.Z.)
| | - Stuart W.A. Pearce
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhisheng Yang
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (M.Y., Q.C., D.L., L. Zhang)
| | - Kaiyuan Niu
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Chenxin Liu
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.S., C.Z., D.C., Q.W.)
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (M.Y., Q.C., D.L., L. Zhang)
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.L., L. Zhao)
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.S., C.Z., D.C., Q.W.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.S., C.Z., D.C., Q.W.)
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.S., C.Z., D.C., Q.W.)
| | - Qingchen Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.S., C.Z., D.C., Q.W.)
| | - Pedro R. Cutillas
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute (P.R.C.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.L., L. Zhao)
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (Q.X.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (M.Y., Q.C., D.L., L. Zhang)
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Caven L, Carabeo R. Chlamydial YAP activation in host endocervical epithelial cells mediates pro-fibrotic paracrine stimulation of fibroblasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542940. [PMID: 37398163 PMCID: PMC10312526 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Infection of the female genital tract by Chlamydia trachomatis can produce severe fibrotic sequelae, including tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. While infection demonstrably mediates a pro-fibrotic response in host cells, it remains unclear if intrinsic properties of the upper genital tract exacerbate chlamydial fibrosis. The relatively sterile environment of the upper genital tract is primed for a pro-inflammatory response to infection, potentially enhancing fibrosis - however, subclinical C. trachomatis infections still develop fibrosis-related sequelae. Here, we compare infection-associated and steady-state gene expression of primary human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells. In the former, we observe enhanced baseline expression and infection-mediated induction of fibrosis-associated signal factors (e.g. TGFA , IL6 , IL8 , IL20 ), implying predisposition to Chlamydia -associated pro-fibrotic signaling. Transcription factor enrichment analysis identified regulatory targets of YAP, a transcriptional cofactor induced by infection of cervical epithelial cells, but not vaginal epithelial cells. YAP target genes induced by infection include secreted fibroblast-activating signal factors; therefore, we developed an in vitro model involving coculture of infected endocervical epithelial cells with uninfected fibroblasts. Coculture enhanced fibroblast expression of type I collagen, as well as prompting reproducible (albeit statistically insignificant) induction of α-smooth muscle actin. Fibroblast collagen induction was sensitive to siRNA-mediated YAP knockdown in infected epithelial cells, implicating chlamydial YAP activation in this effect. Collectively, our results present a novel mechanism of fibrosis initiated by Chlamydia, wherein infection-mediated induction of host YAP facilitates pro-fibrotic intercellular communication. Chlamydial YAP activation in cervical epithelial cells is thus a determinant of this tissue's susceptibility to fibrosis. Importance Chronic or repeated infection of the female upper genital tract by C. trachomatis can lead to severe fibrotic sequelae, including tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. In this report, we define a transcriptional program specific to C. trachomatis infection of the upper genital tract, identifying tissue-specific induction of host YAP - a pro-fibrotic transcriptional cofactor - as a potential driver of infection-mediated fibrotic gene expression. Further, we show that infected endocervical epithelial cells stimulate collagen production by fibroblasts, and implicate chlamydial induction of YAP in this effect. Our results define a mechanism by which infection mediates tissue-level fibrotic pathology via paracrine signaling, and identify YAP as a potential therapeutic target for prevention of Chlamydia -associated scarring of the female genital tract.
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7
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Wang G, Luo Y, Gao X, Liang Y, Yang F, Wu J, Fang D, Luo M. MicroRNA regulation of phenotypic transformations in vascular smooth muscle: relevance to vascular remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:144. [PMID: 37165163 PMCID: PMC11071847 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) phenotype play a critical role in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis after angioplasty. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs (approximately 19-25 nucleotides in length) that function as regulators in various physiological and pathophysiological events. Recent studies have suggested that aberrant miRNAs' expression might underlie VSMC phenotypic transformation, appearing to regulate the phenotypic transformations of VSMCs by targeting specific genes that either participate in the maintenance of the contractile phenotype or contribute to the transformation to alternate phenotypes, and affecting atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary artery disease by altering VSMC proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammation, calcification, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, suggesting an important regulatory role in vascular remodeling for maintaining vascular homeostasis. This review outlines recent progress in the discovery of miRNAs and elucidation of their mechanisms of action and functions in VSMC phenotypic regulation. Importantly, as the literature supports roles for miRNAs in modulating vascular remodeling and for maintaining vascular homeostasis, this area of research will likely provide new insights into clinical diagnosis and prognosis and ultimately facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- GCP Center, Affiliated Hospital (Traditional Chinese Medicine) of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Jia F, Ji R, Qiao G, Sun Z, Chen X, Zhang Z. Amarogentin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and attenuates neointimal hyperplasia via AMPK activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166667. [PMID: 36906074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies validated the expression of extraoral bitter taste receptors and established the importance of regulatory functions that are associated with various cellular biological processes of these receptors. However, the importance of bitter taste receptors' activity in neointimal hyperplasia has not yet been recognized. The bitter taste receptors activator amarogentin (AMA) is known to regulate a variety of cellular signals, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), STAT3, Akt, ERK, and p53, which are associated with neointimal hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study assessed the effects of AMA on neointimal hyperplasia and explored the potential underlying mechanisms. RESULTS No cytotoxic concentration of AMA significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by serum (15 % FBS) and PDGF-BB. In addition, AMA significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia of the cultured great saphenous vein in vitro and ligated mouse left carotid arteries in vivo, while the inhibitory effect of AMA on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs was mediated via the activation of AMPK-dependent signaling, which could be blocked via AMPK inhibition. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that AMA inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and attenuated neointimal hyperplasia, both in ligated mice carotid artery and cultured saphenous vein, which was mediated via a mechanism that involved AMPK activation. Importantly, the study highlighted the potential of AMA to be explored as a new drug candidate for neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Jia
- Department of Aortic Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China; Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Qiao
- Department of Aortic Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- Department of Aortic Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Xiaosan Chen
- Department of Aortic Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Department of Aortic Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China.
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9
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Li C, Boutet A, Pascariu CM, Nelson T, Courcelles M, Wu Z, Comtois-Marotte S, Emery G, Thibault P. SUMO Proteomics Analyses Identify Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT-Mediated Regulatory Networks Involved in Cell Cycle and Cell Proliferation. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:812-825. [PMID: 36723483 PMCID: PMC9990128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) proteins are E3 SUMO ligases playing important roles in protein stability and signaling transduction pathways. PIAS proteins are overexpressed in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, and PIAS knockout (KO) results in a reduction in cell proliferation and cell arrest in the S phase. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PIAS functions in cell proliferation and cell cycle remain largely unknown. Here, we used quantitative SUMO proteomics to explore the regulatory role of PIAS SUMO E3 ligases upon CRISPR/Cas9 KO of individual PIAS. A total of 1422 sites were identified, and around 10% of SUMO sites were regulated following KO of one or more PIAS genes. We identified protein substrates that were either specific to individual PIAS ligase or regulated by several PIAS ligases. Ki-67 and TOP2A, which are involved in cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, are SUMOylated at several lysine residues by all PIAS ligases, suggesting a level of redundancy between these proteins. Confocal microscopy and biochemical experiments revealed that SUMOylation regulated TOP2A protein stability, while this modification is involved in the recruitment of Ki-67 nucleolar proteins containing the SUMO interacting motif. These results provide novel insights into both the redundant and specific regulatory mechanisms of cell proliferation and cell cycle mediated by PIAS SUMO E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Li
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alison Boutet
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Molecular Biology program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Cristina Mirela Pascariu
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Trent Nelson
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Molecular Biology program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Courcelles
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Zhaoguan Wu
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Simon Comtois-Marotte
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Gregory Emery
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Molecular Biology program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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10
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Rong Z, Li F, Zhang R, Niu S, Di X, Ni L, Liu C. Inhibition of tiRNA-Gly-GCC ameliorates neointimal formation via CBX3-mediated VSMCs phenotypic switching. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1030635. [PMID: 36818350 PMCID: PMC9937027 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1030635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a new class of non-coding RNAs involved in a variety of pathological processes, but their biological functions and mechanisms in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) phenotype transition and vascular intimal hyperplasia are unclear. Methods/results tiRNA-Gly-GCC is upregulated in synthetic HASMCs, atherosclerotic arteries, plasma, and the balloon injured carotid artery of rats. Functionally, the inhibition of tiRNA-Gly-GCC represses HASMCs proliferation, migration, and reversed dedifferentiation, whereas the overexpression of tiRNA- Gly-GCC have contrary effects. Mechanistically, tiRNA-Gly-GCC performs these functions on HASMCs via downregulating chromobox protein homolog 3 (CBX3). Finally, the inhibition of tiRNA-Gly-GCC could ameliorate neointimal formation after vascular injury in vivo. Conclusions tiRNA-Gly-GCC is a mediator of HASMCs phenotypic switching by targeting CBX3 and inhibition of tiRNA-Gly-GCC suppresses neointimal formation.
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11
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Li X, Ding Y, Zhou M, Zhou Z, Xie T, Wang Y, Liu Z, Si Y, Shi Z. Deficiency of thrombospondin-2 alleviates intimal hyperplasia in mice by modulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22743. [PMID: 36645109 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201040r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-2 (Tsp2), a glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix, plays a critical role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. However, its role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders such as intimal hyperplasia is not fully elucidated. This study, therefore, aims to explore the effect of Tsp2 on intimal hyperplasia and its associated underlying mechanisms. Intimal hyperplasia (IH) was established using a modified wire-mediated femoral artery injury model. Immunofluorescence and qPCR identified upregulated Tsp2 expression in the injured femoral artery compared with the uninjured femoral artery. Similarly, TSP2 expression was also increased in human samples from the atherosclerotic femoral artery and colocalized with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Compared with the wild-type littermates, Tsp2 knockout mice displayed a mitigated IH in the injured femoral artery, as demonstrated by a decreased neointimal area and intimal/median ratio. Primary mouse VSMCs were cultured to explore the mechanism by which Tsp2 influenced IH in vitro. PDGF-stimulated VSMCs presented an elevated Tsp2 expression and enhanced migration and proliferation. However, Tsp2 knockdown by siRNA blocked the increased migration and proliferation of VSMCs. Further analysis identified an association between Notch3 and IH when the intracellular domain of Notch3 (Nicd3) was upregulated in PDGF-stimulated VSMCs and femoral arteries with IH in human tissues. Along with the overexpression and downregulation of Tsp2, the Nicd3 expression was also up and downregulated accordingly. Tsp2 was associated with IH and may serve as a therapeutic target for IH. Downregulation of Tsp2 could mitigate the progression of IH by modulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianchen Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Si
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang Q, Wang T, Liang S, Zhou L. Ox-LDL-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dysfunction Partly Depends on the Circ_0044073/miR-377-3p/AURKA Axis in Atherosclerosis. Int Heart J 2023; 64:252-262. [PMID: 37005319 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.22-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main reason for most cardiovascular diseases. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0044073 (circ_0044073) has been found to promote AS progression. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of circ_0044073 in AS progression remains unclear.In this study, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) -stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used as AS cell models. The expression changes of circ_0044073 in serum samples and Ox-LDL-stimulated human VSMCs were assessed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell viability, proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion were assessed using 3- (4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU), colony formation, and transwell assays. Some protein levels were detected via Western blotting. The regulatory mechanism of circ_0044073 was predicted using bioinformatics analysis and validated by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays.We observed an overt increase in circ_0044073 expression in serum samples derived from AS patients and Ox-LDL-stimulated human VSMCs. Circ_0044073 was identified as a miR-377-3p sponge. Either circ_0044073 knockdown or miR-377-3p overexpression could impair Ox-LDL-induced human VSMC proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammation. AURKA served as a miR-377-3p target, and circ_0044073 regulated AURKA expression by adsorbing miR-377-3p. Furthermore, AURKA overexpression partly reversed the effects of circ_0044073 inhibition on Ox-LDL-induced human VSMC proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammation.Circ_0044073 promoted AS progression by elevating AURKA expression by functioning as a miR-377-3p sponge. Providing a proof-of-concept demonstration to support circ_0044073 might be a target for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Taizhou University Affiliated Municipal Hospital
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Taizhou University Affiliated Municipal Hospital
| | - Siyuan Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Taizhou University Affiliated Municipal Hospital
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Taizhou University Affiliated Municipal Hospital
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13
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Targeted Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Prevents Aortic Dissection in a Murine Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203218. [PMID: 36291087 PMCID: PMC9600539 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is a lethal aortic pathology without effective medical treatments since the underlying pathological mechanisms responsible for AD remain elusive. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) has been previously identified as a key player in atherosclerosis and arterial remodeling. However, the functional role of MMP8 in AD remains largely unknown. Here, we report that an increased level of MMP8 was observed in 3-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN)-induced murine AD. AD incidence and aortic elastin fragmentation were markedly reduced in MMP8-knockout mice. Importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of MMP8 significantly reduced the AD incidence and aortic elastin fragmentation. We observed less inflammatory cell accumulation, a lower level of aortic inflammation, and decreased smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis in MMP8-knockout mice. In line with our previous observation that MMP8 cleaves Ang I to generate Ang II, BAPN-treated MMP8-knockout mice had increased levels of Ang I, but decreased levels of Ang II and lower blood pressure. Additionally, we observed a decreased expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) and a reduced level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MMP8-knockout aortas. Mechanistically, our data show that the Ang II/VCAM1 signal axis is responsible for MMP8-mediated inflammatory cell invasion and transendothelial migration, while MMP8-mediated SMC inflammation and apoptosis are attributed to Ang II/ROS signaling. Finally, we observed higher levels of aortic and serum MMP8 in patients with AD. We therefore provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying AD and identify MMP8 as a potential therapeutic target for this life-threatening aortic disease.
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14
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An W, Luong LA, Bowden NP, Yang M, Wu W, Zhou X, Liu C, Niu K, Luo J, Zhang C, Sun X, Poston R, Zhang L, Evans PC, Xiao Q. Cezanne is a critical regulator of pathological arterial remodelling by targeting β-catenin signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:638-653. [PMID: 33599243 PMCID: PMC8803089 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pathological arterial remodelling including neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause for occluding arterial diseases. Cezanne is a novel deubiquitinating enzyme, functioning as a NF-кB negative regulator, and plays a key role in renal inflammatory response and kidney injury induced by ischaemia. Here we attempted to examine its pathological role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) pathology and arterial remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS Cezanne expression levels were consistently induced by various atherogenic stimuli in VSMCs, and in remodelled arteries upon injury. Functionally, VSMCs over-expressing wild-type Cezanne, but not the mutated catalytically-inactive Cezanne (C209S), had an increased proliferative ability and mobility, while the opposite was observed in VSMCs with Cezanne knockdown. Surprisingly, we observed no significant effects of Cezanne on VSMC apoptosis, NF-κB signalling, or inflammation. RNA-sequencing and biochemical studies showed that Cezanne drives VSMC proliferation by regulating CCN family member 1 (CCN1) by targeting β-catenin for deubiquitination. Importantly, local correction of Cezanne expression in the injured arteries greatly decreased VSMC proliferation, and prevented arterial inward remodelling. Interestingly, global Cezanne gene deletion in mice led to smaller atherosclerotic plaques, but with a lower level of plaque stability. Translating, we observed a similar role for Cezanne in human VSMCs, and higher expression levels of Cezanne in human atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSION Cezanne is a key regulator of VSMC proliferation and migration in pathological arterial remodelling. Our findings have important implications for therapeutic targeting Cezanne signalling and VSMC pathology in vascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/genetics
- Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endopeptidases/genetics
- Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neointima
- Ubiquitination
- Vascular Remodeling
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Le A Luong
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Neil P Bowden
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Bateson Centre, and Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Mei Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, and Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Chenxin Liu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kaiyuan Niu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jun Luo
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Robin Poston
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, and Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Bateson Centre, and Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases at The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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15
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Liu C, Niu K, Xiao Q. Updated perspectives on vascular cell specification and pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular organoids for studying vasculopathies. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:97-114. [PMID: 33135070 PMCID: PMC8752356 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculopathy is a pathological process occurring in the blood vessel wall, which could affect the haemostasis and physiological functions of all the vital tissues/organs and is one of the main underlying causes for a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Current pharmacological interventions aiming to either delay or stop progression of vasculopathies are suboptimal, thus searching novel, targeted, risk-reducing therapeutic agents, or vascular grafts with full regenerative potential for patients with vascular abnormalities are urgently needed. Since first reported, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), particularly human-induced PSCs, have open new avenue in all research disciplines including cardiovascular regenerative medicine and disease remodelling. Assisting with recent technological breakthroughs in tissue engineering, in vitro construction of tissue organoid made a tremendous stride in the past decade. In this review, we provide an update of the main signal pathways involved in vascular cell differentiation from human PSCs and an extensive overview of PSC-derived tissue organoids, highlighting the most recent discoveries in the field of blood vessel organoids as well as vascularization of other complex tissue organoids, with the aim of discussing the key cellular and molecular players in generating vascular organoids.
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MESH Headings
- Blood Vessels/metabolism
- Blood Vessels/pathology
- Blood Vessels/physiopathology
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Organoids
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Diseases/metabolism
- Vascular Diseases/pathology
- Vascular Diseases/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Liu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Heart Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kaiyuan Niu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Heart Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Heart Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases at The Second Affiliated Hospital
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
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16
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Kleene R, Loers G, Castillo G, Schachner M. Cell adhesion molecule L1 interacts with the chromo shadow domain of heterochromatin protein 1 isoforms α, β, and ɣ via its intracellular domain. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22074. [PMID: 34859928 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100816r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule L1 regulates multiple cell functions and L1 deficiency is linked to several neural diseases. Proteolytic processing generates functionally decisive L1 fragments, which are imported into the nucleus. By computational analysis, we found at L1's C-terminal end the chromo shadow domain-binding motif PxVxL, which directs the binding of nuclear proteins to the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) isoforms α, β, and ɣ. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we show that the intracellular L1 domain binds to all HP1 isoforms. These interactions involve the HP1 chromo shadow domain and are mediated via the sequence 1158 KDET1161 in the intracellular domain of murine L1, but not by L1's C-terminal PxVxL motif. Immunoprecipitation using nuclear extracts from the brain and from cultured cerebellar and cortical neurons indicates that HP1 isoforms interact with a yet unknown nuclear L1 fragment of approximately 55 kDa (L1-55), which carries ubiquitin residues. Proximity ligation indicates a close association between L1-55 and the HP1 isoforms in neuronal nuclei. This association is reduced after the treatment of neurons with inhibitors of metalloproteases, β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1), or ɣ-secretase, suggesting that cleavage of full-length L1 by these proteases generates L1-55. Reduction of HP1α, -β, or -ɣ expression by siRNA decreases L1-dependent neurite outgrowth from cultured cortical neurons and decreases the L1-dependent migration of L1-transfected HEK293 cells in a scratch assay. These findings indicate that the interaction of the novel fragment L1-55 with HP1 isoforms in nuclei affects L1-dependent functions, such as neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kleene
- Research Group Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Research Group Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gaston Castillo
- Research Group Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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17
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Yang M, Chen Q, Mei L, Wen G, An W, Zhou X, Niu K, Liu C, Ren M, Sun K, Xiao Q, Zhang L. Neutrophil elastase promotes neointimal hyperplasia by targeting toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4048-4068. [PMID: 34076894 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) is the fundamental cause for vascular diseases and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysregulation has been widely implicated in NIH. Neutrophil elastase is a potential therapeutic target for multiple diseases. We investigated the role of neutrophil elastase in VSMC functions and injury-induced NIH and explored the therapeutic potential of targeting neutrophil elastase in NIH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH VSMCs were used to analyse the effects of neutrophil elastase. Proteomic analysis was used to identify potential neutrophil elastase targets. Artery injury model and neutrophil elastase inhibitor GW311616A were used to investigate the role of neutrophil elastase in NIH. KEY RESULTS TNF-α up-regulated neutrophil elastase in VSMCs through modulating GAPBα/Runx1/CEBPα/c-Myb signalling. Up-regulated neutrophil elastase promoted VSMC migration, proliferation and inflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was identified as a target protein for neutrophil elastase in VSMCs and the TLR4/MyD88/IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB regulatory axis was shown to be the signalling pathway for neutrophil elastase in VSMC pathology. Importantly, TLR4 inhibition abolished neutrophil elastase-mediated VSMC dysregulation. Injury-induced NIH was significantly reduced in both neutrophil elastase-deficient mice and mice treated with GW311616A. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps was impaired in injured arteries from neutrophil elastase-deficient mice. Finally, a similar role for neutrophil elastase in human VSMC pathology was confirmed and we observed higher expression levels of neutrophil elastase but lower expression levels of TLR4 in human atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying NIH and identify neutrophil elastase as a potential therapeutic target for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qishan Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanmei Wen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kaiyuan Niu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chenxin Liu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Meixia Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Mao C, Ma Z, Jia Y, Li W, Xie N, Zhao G, Ma B, Yu F, Sun J, Zhou Y, Cui Q, Fu Y, Kong W. Nidogen-2 Maintains the Contractile Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Prevents Neointima Formation via Bridging Jagged1-Notch3 Signaling. Circulation 2021; 144:1244-1261. [PMID: 34315224 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.053361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: How the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment modulates the contractile phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and confers vascular homeostasis remains elusive. Methods: To explore the key ECM proteins in the maintenance of the contractile phenotype of VSMCs, we applied protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to explore novel ECM proteins associated with the VSMC phenotype. By combining in vitro and in vivo genetic mice vascular injury model, we identified nidogen-2, a basement membrane (BM) glycoprotein, as a key ECM protein for maintenance of vascular smooth muscle cell identity. Results: We collected a VSMC phenotype-related gene dataset (VSMCPRG dataset) by using Gene Ontology (GO) annotation combined with a literature search. A computational analysis of protein-protein interactions between ECM protein genes and the genes from the VSMCPRG dataset revealed the candidate gene nidogen-2, a BM glycoprotein involved in regulation of the VSMC phenotype. Indeed, nidogen-2-deficient VSMCs exhibited loss of contractile phenotype in vitro, and compared with wild-type (WT) mice, nidogen-2-/- mice showed aggravated post-wire injury neointima formation of carotid arteries. Further bioinformatics analysis, co-immunoprecipitation assays and luciferase assays revealed that nidogen-2 specifically interacted with Jagged1, a conventional Notch ligand. Nidogen-2 maintained the VSMC contractile phenotype via Jagged1-Notch3 signaling but not Notch1 or Notch2 signaling. Notably, nidogen-2 enhanced Jagged1 and Notch3 interaction and subsequent Notch3 activation. Reciprocally, Jagged1 and Notch3 interaction, signaling activation, and Jagged1-triggered VSMC differentiation were significantly repressed in nidogen-2-deficient VSMCs. In accordance, the suppressive effect of Jagged1 overexpression on neointima formation was attenuated in nidogen-2-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Conclusions: Nidogen-2 maintains the contractile phenotype of VSMCs through Jagged1-Notch3 signaling in vitro and in vivo. Nidogen-2 is required for Jagged1-Notch3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfeng Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Baihui Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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19
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Prater M, Hamilton RS, Wa Yung H, Sharkey AM, Robson P, Abd Hamid NE, Jauniaux E, Charnock-Jones DS, Burton GJ, Cindrova-Davies T. RNA-Seq reveals changes in human placental metabolism, transport and endocrinology across the first-second trimester transition. Biol Open 2021; 10:268993. [PMID: 34100896 PMCID: PMC8214423 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is exposed to major environmental changes towards the end of the first trimester associated with full onset of the maternal arterial placental circulation. Changes include a switch from histotrophic to hemotrophic nutrition, and a threefold rise in the intraplacental oxygen concentration. We evaluated their impact on trophoblast development and function using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and DNA-methylation analyses performed on the same chorionic villous samples at 7-8 (n=8) and 13-14 (n=6) weeks of gestation. Reads were adjusted for fetal sex. Most DEGs were associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hormone secretion, transport, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Transcripts higher in the first trimester were associated with synthesis and ER processing of peptide hormones, and glycolytic pathways. Transcripts encoding proteins mediating transport of oxygen, lipids, protein, glucose, and ions were significantly increased in the second trimester. The motifs of CBX3 and BCL6 were significantly overrepresented, indicating the involvement of these transcription factor networks in the regulation of trophoblast migration, proliferation and fusion. These findings are consistent with a high level of cell proliferation and hormone secretion by the early placenta to secure implantation in a physiological low-oxygen environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Prater
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Russell S Hamilton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Hong Wa Yung
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Andrew M Sharkey
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory, The JAX Center for Genetics of Fertility and Reproduction, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | | | - Eric Jauniaux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, EGA Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Tereza Cindrova-Davies
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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20
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Chen H, Xu X, Liu Z, Wu Y. MiR-22-3p Suppresses Vascular Remodeling and Oxidative Stress by Targeting CHD9 during the Development of Hypertension. J Vasc Res 2021; 58:180-190. [PMID: 33794525 DOI: 10.1159/000514311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is considered a risk factor for a series of systematic diseases. Known factors including genetic predisposition, age, and diet habits are strongly associated with the initiation of hypertension. The current study aimed to investigate the role of miR-22-3p in hypertension. In this study, we discovered that the miR-22-3p level was significantly decreased in the thoracic aortic vascular tissues and aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Functionally, the overexpression of miR-22-3p facilitated the switch of ASMCs from the synthetic to contractile phenotype. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we predicted 11 potential target mRNAs for miR-22-3p. After screening, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 9 (CHD9) was validated to bind with miR-22-3p. Rescue assays showed that the co-overexpression of miR-22-3p and CHD9 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-22-3p mimics on cell proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress in ASMCs. Finally, miR-22-3p suppressed vascular remodeling and oxidative stress in vivo. Overall, miR-22-3p regulated ASMC phenotype switch by targeting CHD9. This new discovery provides a potential insight into hypertension treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Oxidative Stress
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiru Xu
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengqing Liu
- Department of Endocrine, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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21
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Chen D, Zhang C, Chen J, Yang M, Afzal TA, An W, Maguire EM, He S, Luo J, Wang X, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Xiao Q. miRNA-200c-3p promotes endothelial to mesenchymal transition and neointimal hyperplasia in artery bypass grafts. J Pathol 2020; 253:209-224. [PMID: 33125708 PMCID: PMC7839516 DOI: 10.1002/path.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested a critical role for endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in a variety of pathological conditions. MicroRNA‐200c‐3p (miR‐200c‐3p) has been implicated in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. However, the functional role of miR‐200c‐3p in EndoMT and neointimal hyperplasia in artery bypass grafts remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrated a critical role for miR‐200c‐3p in EndoMT. Proteomics and luciferase activity assays revealed that fermitin family member 2 (FERM2) is the functional target of miR‐200c‐3p during EndoMT. FERMT2 gene inactivation recapitulates the effect of miR‐200c‐3p overexpression on EndoMT, and the inhibitory effect of miR‐200c‐3p inhibition on EndoMT was reversed by FERMT2 knockdown. Further mechanistic studies revealed that FERM2 suppresses smooth muscle gene expression by preventing serum response factor nuclear translocation and preventing endothelial mRNA decay by interacting with Y‐box binding protein 1. In a model of aortic grafting using endothelial lineage tracing, we observed that miR‐200c‐3p expression was dramatically up‐regulated, and that EndoMT contributed to neointimal hyperplasia in grafted arteries. MiR‐200c‐3p inhibition in grafted arteries significantly up‐regulated FERM2 gene expression, thereby preventing EndoMT and reducing neointimal formation. Importantly, we found a high level of EndoMT in human femoral arteries with atherosclerotic lesions, and that miR‐200c‐3p expression was significantly increased, while FERMT2 expression levels were dramatically decreased in diseased human arteries. Collectively, we have documented an unexpected role for miR‐200c‐3p in EndoMT and neointimal hyperplasia in grafted arteries. Our findings offer a novel therapeutic opportunity for treating vascular diseases by specifically targeting the miR‐200c‐3p/FERM2 regulatory axis. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiangyong Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tayyab A Afzal
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eithne M Maguire
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shiping He
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingchen Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases at The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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22
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Prilepskii AY, Serov NS, Kladko DV, Vinogradov VV. Nanoparticle-Based Approaches towards the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1056. [PMID: 33167402 PMCID: PMC7694323 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, being an inflammation-associated disease, represents a considerable healthcare problem. Its origin remains poorly understood, and at the same time, it is associated with extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide due to myocardial infarctions and strokes. Unfortunately, drugs are unable to effectively prevent plaque formation. Systemic administration of pharmaceuticals for the inhibition of plaque destabilization bears the risk of adverse effects. At present, nanoscience and, in particular, nanomedicine has made significant progress in both imaging and treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent advances in this area, discussing subjects such as nanocarriers-based drug targeting principles, approaches towards the treatment of atherosclerosis, utilization of theranostic agents, and future prospects of nanoformulated therapeutics against atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. The focus is placed on articles published since 2015 with additional attention to research completed in 2019-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir V. Vinogradov
- International Institute “Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies”, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.Y.P.); (N.S.S.); (D.V.K.)
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23
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Lin K, Zhu J, Hu C, Bu F, Luo C, Zhu X, Zhu Z. Comprehensive analysis of the prognosis for chromobox family in gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:932-951. [PMID: 33209489 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are a class of transcriptional repressors involved in epigenetic regulation and developmental processes of various tumors, including gastric cancer. However, the function and prognosis of different CBXs in gastric cancer remain unknown. Methods This study addresses this issue by synthesizing several mainstream databases (Oncomine, GEPIA2, cBioportal, and Kaplan-Meier plotter, among others) that currently contain many tumor samples and provide very reliable analysis results, investigating the role of CBXs in the prognosis of gastric cancer. Results The mRNA of CBX1/2/3/4/5/8 was highly expressed in gastric cancer, the mRNA of CBX7 was lowly expressed in gastric cancer, and the mRNA expression of CBX6 was not significantly different in CRC. Besides, high and low CBXs mRNA expression correlated with cancer stage, node metastasis status, H. pylori infection status, and tumor grade in CRC patients. We found that high mRNA expression of CBX4/5/6/7/8 was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (FP), and post-progression survival (PPS) in a large number of CRC patients. High mRNA expression of CBX3 was significantly associated with better OS and FP. We also found that none of the eight CBXs family genes had a mutation rate of less than 5% in gastric cancer, and the highest mutation rate was in CBX3 (14%). Conclusions These results suggest that CBX3/4/5/6/7/8 could be a prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cegui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fanqin Bu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhengming Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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24
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Yang F, Chen Q, Yang M, Maguire EM, Yu X, He S, Xiao R, Wang CS, An W, Wu W, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Zhang L. Macrophage-derived MMP-8 determines smooth muscle cell differentiation from adventitia stem/progenitor cells and promotes neointima hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:211-225. [PMID: 30778537 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Emerging evidence has suggested that adventitia stem/progenitor cells (AdSPCs) migrate into the intima of arteries in response to injury, where they differentiate towards smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and participate in neointimal hyperplasia. We have previously identified matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) as a key player in atherogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional roles of macrophage-derived MMP8 in AdSPC differentiation and injury-induced arterial remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS We first observed an important role for MMP8 in SMC differentiation from embryonic stem cells, but this effect was not seen in AdSPCs. Instead, through macrophages/AdSPCs co-culture and macrophage conditional culture medium studies, we have demonstrated that the MMP8 protein secreted from macrophages promotes SMC differentiation from AdSPCs. Mechanistically, we showed that macrophage-derived MMP8 promotes SMC differentiation from AdSPCs through modulating transforming growth factor-β activity and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10)/Notch1 signalling. We further demonstrated that the binding site for CBF1, Suppressor of Hairless, and Lag-1 (CSL) within SMC gene promoters is responsible for Notch1 mediated SMC differentiation. Finally, we demonstrated that macrophage-derived MMP8 increased injury-induced neointimal SMC hyperplasia by activating ADAM10/Notch1 signalling. CONCLUSIONS We have identified macrophage-derived MMP8 as a regulator in SMC differentiation from AdSPCs and neointimal SMC hyperplasia in response to injury. Our data provide new insights into the roles of MMP8 in AdSPC differentiation and the pathogenesis of neointima formation in the context of angiographic restenosis, and therefore may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents for the prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eithne Margaret Maguire
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiaotian Yu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shiping He
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rui Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claire S Wang
- Gonville & Caius College, University of Cambridge, Trinity Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TA, UK
| | - Weiwei An
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Wei Wu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Yijiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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He Z, Chen J, Chen X, Wang H, Tang L, Han C. microRNA-377 acts as a suppressor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through CBX3-dependent P53/P21 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:107-120. [PMID: 33459391 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells play pivotal roles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) recurrence and metastasis. The self-renewal ability of stem cells was associated with specific microRNAs (miRs). Herein, we identified the effects of miR-377 on ESCC stem cell activities. First, the expression of miR-377 in ESCC and adjacent normal tissues was determined. The relationship between miR-377 and chromobox protein homolog 3 (CBX3) was assessed by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. miR-377 was overexpressed or inhibited in ESCC stem cells to explore its role in ESCC. To further investigate the mechanism of miR-377 in ESCC, cells were introduced with short hairpin RNA against CBX3 or pifithrin-α (inhibitor of P53 pathway). Besides, the expression of P21, P53, CD133, CD13, Nanog, sex determining region Y-Box 2 (Sox2), and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), cell sphere formation, colony formation, and proliferation were evaluated respectively. Finally, limiting dilution assay in vivo and tumor xenograft in nude mice were conducted to confirm the roles of miR-377 in vivo. miR-377 was poorly expressed in ESCC. Overexpression of miR-377 could suppress the stem-like trait of ESCC as well as the tumor growth in vivo. miR-377 targeted CBX3 to activate the P53/P21 pathway. Besides, the expression of stem-like markers including CD133, CD13, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog was decreased, and the abilities of cell sphere formation, colony formation, proliferation, and tumorigenicity were significantly reduced by overexpressing miR-377 or silencing CBX3. The results were reversed after inactivating the P53/P21 pathway. In summary, upregulation of miR-377 inhibits the self-renewal of ESCC stem cells by inhibiting CBX3 expression and promoting activation of the P53/P21 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Junjing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Huanyuan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Lang Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunbin Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
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26
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Deng M, Su D, Xu S, Little PJ, Feng X, Tang L, Shen A. Metformin and Vascular Diseases: A Focused Review on Smooth Muscle Cell Function. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:635. [PMID: 32457625 PMCID: PMC7227439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used in diabetes for more than 60 years and has excellent safety in the therapy of human type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is growing evidence that the beneficial health effects of metformin are beyond its ability to improve glucose metabolism. Metformin not only reduces the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in T2D patients, but also reduces the burden of atherosclerosis (AS) in pre-diabetes patients. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) function is an important factor in determining the characteristics of the entire arterial vessel. Its excessive proliferation contributes to the etiology of several types of CVD, including AS, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Current studies show that metformin has a beneficial effect on VSMCs function. Therefore, this review provides a timely overview of the role and molecular mechanisms by which metformin acts through VSMCs to protect CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liqin Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Aizong Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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27
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Lin X, Li S, Wang YJ, Wang Y, Zhong JY, He JY, Cui XJ, Zhan JK, Liu YS. Exosomal Notch3 from high glucose-stimulated endothelial cells regulates vascular smooth muscle cells calcification/aging. Life Sci 2019; 232:116582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Guo S, Zhang R, Liu Q, Wan Q, Wang Y, Yu Y, Liu G, Shen Y, Yu Y, Zhang J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin promotes injury-induced vascular neointima formation in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:10207-10217. [PMID: 31216422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900546r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental pollutant that causes cardiovascular toxicity. The phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype is a hallmark of vascular response to injury. However, the precise role and molecular mechanism of TCDD in vascular remodeling remains unknown. In the present study, we found that TCDD treatment promoted VSMC phenotypic transition from contractile to synthetic phenotype and exaggerated vascular neointimal hyperplasia after wire injury in mice. TCDD treatment enhanced VSMC entry into cell cycle from G0/G1 phase to S and G2/M phase. The expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and its phosphorylation were coordinately increased in response to TCDD treatment. Knocking down of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) inhibited VSMC phenotypic transition induced by TCDD and promoted S/G2 phase cell cycle arrest. TCDD treatment markedly increased oncogenic c-Jun gene expression in VSMCs. ChIP assay revealed the direct binding of AHR on the promoter of c-Jun to up-regulate the mRNA expression of c-Jun. Silencing of c-Jun gene enhanced the expression of p53 and p21, whereas attenuated the expression of CDK4 and cyclin D1 leading to the decrease in the TCDD-stimulated VSMC proliferation and synthetic phenotype transition in vitro. In vivo study showed that genetic ablation of c-Jun in VSMCs restricted injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in TCDD-treated mice. Thus, TCDD exposure exaggerated injury-induced vascular remodeling by the activation of AHR and up-regulation of the expression of its target gene c-Jun, indicating that inhibition of AHR may be a promising prevention strategy for TCDD-associated cardiovascular diseases.-Guo, S., Zhang, R., Liu, Q., Wan, Q., Wang, Y., Yu, Y., Liu, G., Shen, Y., Yu, Y., Zhang, J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin promotes injury-induced vascular neointima formation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiangyou Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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29
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A Novel Regulatory Axis, CHD1L-MicroRNA 486-Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, Controls Spermatogonial Stem Cell Properties. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00357-18. [PMID: 30455250 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00357-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are unipotent germ cells that are at the foundation of spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing SSC stemness and growth properties remain elusive. We have recently identified chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like (Chd1l) as a novel regulator for SSC survival and self-renewal, but how these functions are controlled by Chd1l remains to be resolved. Here, we applied high-throughput small RNA sequencing to uncover the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles controlled by Chd1l and showed that the expression levels of 124 miRNA transcripts were differentially regulated by Chd1l in SSCs. KEGG pathway analysis shows that the miRNAs that are differentially expressed upon Chd1l repression are significantly enriched in the pathways associated with stem cell pluripotency and proliferation. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that one of the most highly upregulated miRNAs, miR-486, controls SSC stemness gene expression and growth properties. The matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) gene has been identified as a novel miR-486 target gene in the context of SSC stemness gene regulation and growth properties. Data from cotransfection experiments showed that Chd1l, miR-486, and MMP2 work in concert in regulating SSC stemness gene expression and growth properties. Finally, our data also revealed that MMP2 regulates SSC stemness gene expression and growth properties through activating β-catenin signaling by cleaving N-cadherin and increasing β-catenin nuclear translocation. Our data demonstrate that Chd1l-miR-486-MMP2 is a novel regulatory axis governing SSC stemness gene expression and growth properties, offering a novel therapeutic opportunity for treating male infertility.
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He L, Zhou Q, Huang Z, Xu J, Zhou H, Lv D, Lu L, Huang S, Tang M, Zhong J, Chen JX, Luo X, Li L, Chen L. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy promotes apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by AMPKα and exacerbates atherosclerotic lesions. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8668-8682. [PMID: 30456860 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Our previous studies have demonstrated that apelin-13/APJ confers a proliferative response in VSMC, however, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of mitophagy in apelin-13-induced VSMC proliferation and atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. Apelin-13 enhances human aortic VSMC proliferation and proliferative regulator proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in dose and time-dependent manner, while is abolished by APJ antagonist F13A. We observe the engulfment of damage mitochondria by autophagosomes (mitophagy) of human aortic VSMC in apelin-13 stimulation. Mechanistically, apelin-13 increases p-AMPKα and promotes mitophagic activity such as the LC3I to LC3II ratio, the increase of Beclin-1 level and the decrease of p62 level. Importantly, the expressions of PINK1, Parkin, VDAC1, and Tom20 are induced by apelin-13. Conversely, blockade of APJ by F13A abolishes these stimulatory effects. Human aortic VSMC transfected with AMPKα, PINK1, or Parkin and subjected to apelin-13 impairs mitophagy and prevents proliferation. Additional, apelin-13 not only increases the expression of Drp1 but also reduces the expressions of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1. Remarkably, the mitochondrial division inhibitor-1(Mdivi-1), the pharmacological inhibition of Drp1, attenuates human aortic VSMC proliferation. Treatment of ApoE-/- mice with apelin-13 accelerates atherosclerotic lesions, increases p-AMPKα and mitophagy in aortic wall in vivo. Finally, PINK1-/- mutant mice with apelin-13 attenuates atherosclerotic lesions along with defective in mitophagy. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy promotes apelin-13-evoked human aortic VSMC proliferation by activating p-AMPKα and exacerbates the progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qionglin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Deguan Lv
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shifang Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mingzhu Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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31
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Wen G, An W, Chen J, Maguire EM, Chen Q, Yang F, Pearce SWA, Kyriakides M, Zhang L, Ye S, Nourshargh S, Xiao Q. Genetic and Pharmacologic Inhibition of the Neutrophil Elastase Inhibits Experimental Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008187. [PMID: 29437605 PMCID: PMC5850208 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate whether neutrophil elastase (NE) plays a causal role in atherosclerosis, and the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods and Results NE genetic–deficient mice (Apolipoprotein E−/−/NE−/− mice), bone marrow transplantation, and a specific NE inhibitor (GW311616A) were employed in this study to establish the causal role of NE in atherosclerosis. Aortic expression of NE mRNA and plasma NE activity was significantly increased in high‐fat diet (HFD)–fed wild‐type (WT) (Apolipoprotein E−/−) mice but, as expected, not in NE‐deficient mice. Selective NE knockout markedly reduced HFD‐induced atherosclerosis and significantly increased indicators of atherosclerotic plaque stability. While plasma lipid profiles were not affected by NE deficiency, decreased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory monocytes (Ly6Chi/CD11b+) were observed in NE‐deficient mice fed with an HFD for 12 weeks as compared with WT. Bone marrow reconstitution of WT mice with NE−/− bone marrow cells significantly reduced HFD‐induced atherosclerosis, while bone marrow reconstitution of NE−/− mice with WT bone marrow cells restored the pathological features of atherosclerotic plaques induced by HFD in NE‐deficient mice. In line with these findings, pharmacological inhibition of NE in WT mice through oral administration of NE inhibitor GW311616A also significantly reduced atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that NE promotes foam cell formation by increasing ATP‐binding cassette transporter ABCA1 protein degradation and inhibiting macrophage cholesterol efflux. Conclusions We outlined a pathogenic role for NE in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development. Consequently, inhibition of NE may represent a potential therapeutic approach to treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmei Wen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiangyong Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Eithne M Maguire
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qishan Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Stuart W A Pearce
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kyriakides
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Ye
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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