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Grzeszczuk M, Mrozowska M, Kmiecik A, Rusak A, Jabłońska K, Ciesielska U, Dzięgiel P, Nowińska K. The Effect of Hypoxia on Irisin Expression in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes. In Vivo 2024; 38:2126-2133. [PMID: 39187335 PMCID: PMC11363745 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2019, 523 million people were diagnosed with CVD, with 18.6 million deaths. Improved treatment and diagnostics could reduce CVD's impact. Irisin (Ir) is crucial for heart function and may be a biomarker for heart attack. Ir is a glycoprotein with sugar residues attached to its protein structure. This glycosylation affects Ir stability, solubility, and receptor interactions on target cells. Its secondary structure includes a fibronectin type III domain, essential for its biological functions. Ir helps cardiomyocytes to respond to hypoxia and protects mitochondria. The aim of the study was to determine the FNDC5 gene expression level and the Ir level in HL-1 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effect of hypoxia on the expression levels of the FNDC5 gene and those of Ir in mouse cardiomyocytes of the HL-1 cell line. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to estimate the expression levels of the FNDC5 gene. Western blot and immunofluorescence methods were used to analyze the Ir protein levels. RESULTS Analyses showed an increased Ir level in HL-1 cardiomyocytes in response to hypoxia. This is the first study to confirm the presence of Ir in HL-1 cells. CONCLUSION The observed increase in Ir expression in murine cardiomyocytes is associated with the hypoxic environment and can be potentially used to diagnose hypoxia and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Grzeszczuk
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Kmiecik
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Jabłońska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Ciesielska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowińska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Rodriguez J, Escobar JB, Cheung EC, Kowalik G, Russo R, Dyavanapalli J, Alber BR, Harral G, Gill A, Melkie M, Jain V, Schunke KJ, Mendelowitz D, Kay MW. Hypothalamic Oxytocin Neuron Activation Attenuates Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension and Cardiac Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Sleep Apnea. Hypertension 2023; 80:882-894. [PMID: 36794581 PMCID: PMC10027399 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea is a prevalent and poorly treated cardiovascular disease that leads to hypertension and autonomic imbalance. Recent studies that restore cardiac parasympathetic tone using selective activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons have shown beneficial cardiovascular outcomes in animal models of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine if chemogenetic activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons in animals with existing obstructive sleep apnea-induced hypertension would reverse or blunt the progression of autonomic and cardiovascular dysfunction. METHODS Two groups of rats were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a model of obstructive sleep apnea, for 4 weeks to induce hypertension. During an additional 4 weeks of exposure to CIH, 1 group was treated with selective activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons while the other group was untreated. RESULTS Hypertensive animals exposed to CIH and treated with daily hypothalamic oxytocin neuron activation had lower blood pressure, faster heart rate recovery times after exercise, and improved indices of cardiac function compared with untreated hypertensive animals. Microarray analysis suggested that, compared with treated animals, untreated animals had gene expression profiles associated with cellular stress response activation, hypoxia-inducible factor stabilization, and myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In animals already presenting with CIH-induced hypertension, chronic activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons blunted the progression of hypertension and conferred cardioprotection after an additional 4 weeks of CIH exposure. These results have significant clinical translation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Joan B Escobar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Emily C Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Grant Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Rebekah Russo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Bridget R Alber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Grey Harral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Aman Gill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Makeda Melkie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Medicine (V.J.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kathryn J Schunke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (K.J.S.)
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Ghanavat M, Haybar H, Pezeshki SMS, Shahjahani M, Jodat H, Elyasi M, Saki N. Cardiomyopathy in Thalassemia: Quick Review from Cellular Aspects to Diagnosis and Current Treatments. Lab Med 2020; 51:143-150. [PMID: 32155272 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathic manifestations induced by continuous blood transfusion are the leading cause of death among patients with thalassemia major (TM). Despite introduction of chelation therapy, heart failure after cardiomyopathic manifestations is still a major threat to patients. METHODS We performed a search of relevant English-language literature, retrieving publications from the PubMed database and the Google Scholar search engine (2005-2018). We used "thalassemia major", "cardiomyopathy", "iron overload", "cardiac magnetic resonance T2" "chelation therapy", and "iron burden" as keywords. RESULTS The results of the studies we found suggest that cardiac hepcidin is a major regulator of iron homeostasis in cardiac tissue. Unlike previous assumptions, the heart appears to have a limited regeneration capability, originating from a small population of hypoxic cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Oxygen levels determine cardiomyocyte gene-expression patterns. Upregulation of cardiac hepcidin in hypoxia preserves cardiomyocytes from forming out of reactive oxygen species catalyzed by free cellular iron in cardiomyocytes. Using the limited regeneration capacity of cardiac cells and gaining further understanding of the cellular aspects of cardiomyopathic manifestations may help health care professionals to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghanavat
- Child Growth & Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Pezeshki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hosein Jodat
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Milad Elyasi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Child Growth & Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Zhang H, Hu Y, Wang H, Tian L, Li W, Han L, Xu H, Ma J, Ma K, Xiao B, Chen L. Cytoplasmic upregulation of Cyto c and AIF serve as biomarkers of mechanical asphyxia death. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4568-4583. [PMID: 31396361 PMCID: PMC6684934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The certification of death due to mechanical asphyxia has been a complex problem in some cases. The use of protein expression to identify mechanical asphyxia death has recently attracted attention. Asphyxia creates an extremely hypoxic environment for cells, which should reactivate the mitochondria in the cells. Cyto c and AIF, located in the mitochondria, are transferred to the cytoplasm under hypoxia to trigger the apoptotic process. Based this phenomenon, we designed the animal asphyxia model and cell hypoxia model to examine whether Cyto c and AIF are expressed in the cytoplasm, and we used human samples to verify the results. We found that the two proteins were detectably expressed in the cytoplasm of mechanical asphyxia groups and were hardly detected in the cytoplasm of other groups. This is a promising finding that may shed light on the precise mechanisms associated with mechanical asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yikai Hu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Pudong Branch, Shanghai Public Security BureauShanghai, China
| | - Wencan Li
- Pudong Branch, Shanghai Public Security BureauShanghai, China
| | - Liujun Han
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jianlong Ma
- Shenzhen Public Security Bureau of GuangdongChina
| | - Kaijun Ma
- Shanghai Public Security BureauShanghai, China
| | - Bi Xiao
- Shanghai Public Security BureauShanghai, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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