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Jinnouchi M, Miyahara T, Suzuki Y. Coix Seed Consumption Affects the Gut Microbiota and the Peripheral Lymphocyte Subset Profiles of Healthy Male Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114079. [PMID: 34836336 PMCID: PMC8618347 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic examination of the effects of traditional herbal medicines including their mechanisms could allow for their effective use and provide opportunities to develop new medicines. Coix seed has been suggested to promote spontaneous regression of viral skin infection. Purified oil from coix seed has also been suggested to increase the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes. We, herein, attempt to shed more light on the way through which coix seed affects the human systemic immune function by hypothesizing that a central role to these changes could be played through changes in the gut microbiota. To that end, healthy adult males (n = 19) were divided into two groups; 11 of them consumed cooked coix seed (160 g per day) for 7 days (intervention), while the other eight were given no intervention. One week of coix seed consumption lead to an increase of the intestinal Faecalibacterium abundance and of the abundance (as % presence of overall peripheral lymphocytes) of CD3+CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD4+CD25+ cells, and naïve/memory T cell ratio. As the relationship of microbiota and skin infection has not been clarified, our findings could provide a clue to a mechanism through which coix seed could promote the spontaneous regression of viral skin infections.
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Ratcliffe NA, Castro HC, Paixão IC, Mello CB. COVID-19: Innovative Antiviral Drugs Required for Long-Term Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3554-3567. [PMID: 33109030 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201027152400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had global catastrophic effects on financial markets, jobs and peoples' lives. Future prevention/therapy of COVID-19 will rely heavily on vaccine development and attempts to repurpose drugs previously used for other microbial diseases. Little attention, however, has been paid to possible difficulties and delays in producing these drugs. Sometimes, unfortunately, these endeavours have been politicized and if these two approaches founder in any way or resistance subsequently occurs, then the world will be left once again to the mercy of these devastating viral pandemics. This review, therefore, briefly outlines the challenges in the development of vaccines and repurposed antiviral drugs, which will hopefully lead to new treatments for COVID-19. It also concludes, however, that the armoury against COVID-19 urgently needs to be enlarging due to the potential severity and likely future reoccurrence of new emergent viruses. Therefore, serious consideration is given to alternative ways of preventing and controlling these pathogens that have received scant attention from the media in the present pandemic. The development of innovative, broad-spectrum, antiviral drugs from natural products is therefore particularly advocated with the challenges involved by new regulatory and scientific initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman A Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Helena C Castro
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Izabel C Paixão
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Cicero B Mello
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil
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Yang J, Kwon YS, Kim MJ. Antimicrobial activity and active compounds of a Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:457-463. [PMID: 30183668 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) extract is used as a traditional herbal medicine in Southeast Asian countries such as Korea and China. In the present study, one phenolic acid and six flavonoids were isolated from an 80% ethanol RVS extract to examine their antimicrobial activities. These compounds were identified as 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (1), methyl gallate (2), gallic acid (3), fusti (4), fisetin (5), butin (6), and sulfuretin (7) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 5 and 6 (at a dose of 16 μg/mL each) were superior to that of the control, cycloheximide (at a dose of 25 μg/mL), against Hypocrea nigricans; additionally, the activities of compounds 1 and 2 (at a dose of 8 μg/mL each) were superior to the control against Penicillium oxalicum. Also, chemical compounds 1 and 5 (at a dose of 16 μg/mL each) had higher activities than the control (25 μg/mL) against Trichoderma virens. Chemical compound 1 (at a dose of 8 μg/mL) had a similar activity to that of the control against Bacillus subtilis. The obtained results suggest that the RVS extract could be a promising food and nutraceutical source because of the antimicrobial properties of its phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yang
- Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi 542899, China
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Jo Kim
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of leaf and leaf callus of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-019-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Yao G, Wang W, Shang X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang S, Song S. Synthesis of new sarsasapogenin derivatives with antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in MCF-7 cells. Steroids 2018; 131:23-31. [PMID: 29337037 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarsasapogenin, a kind of mainly effective component of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, possesses good antitumor properties. Two series of new sarsasapogenin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three human cancer cell lines (HepG2, A549, MCF-7) using the MTT assay. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the N, N-dimethylamino, pyrrolidinyl, and imidazolyl substituted at the C26 position could increase the antitumor efficacy of the 3-oxo sarsasapogenin series of compounds. Compound 4c with pyrrolidinyl substituted at the C26 position exhibited the greatest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 10.66 μM), which was 4.3-fold more potent than sarsasapogenin. Action mechanism investigations showed that 4c could inhibit the colony formation and induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Further researches showed that a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and increases in the expression level of cleaved-PARP and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were observed in MCF-7 cells after treatment with 4c, suggesting that the mitochondrial pathway was involved in the 4c-mediated apoptosis. These results show that compound 4c may serve as a lead for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Yao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Shang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital, Dalian 116021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaojiang Song
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Cytotoxic and renoprotective diterpenoids from Clerodendranthus spicatus. Fitoterapia 2018; 125:135-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Karamian R, Eghbalian R. In Vitro Evaluation of Phenolics Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Three Centaurea L. Species from Iran. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Pourgonabadi S, Amiri MS, Mousavi SH. Cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of Bryonia aspera root extract against Hela and HN-5 cancer cell lines. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2017; 7:66-72. [PMID: 28265548 PMCID: PMC5329178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bryonia aspera (Stev. ex Ledeb) is a plant that grows in northeast of Iran. In the present study, cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of B. aspera root extract was determined against HN-5(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) and Hela (cervix adenocarcinoma) cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS HN-5 and Hela cell lines were cultured in DMEM medium and incubated with different concentrations of B. aspera root extract. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay and the optical absorbance was measured at 570 nm (620 nm as the reference) by an ELISA reader, in each experiment. Apoptotic cells were assessed using PI staining of DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). The B. aspera inhibited 50% growth (IC50) of Hela and HN-5 cell lines at 100±28 μg/ml and 12.5±4 μg/ml, respectively after 48 hr of incubation. RESULTS Cell viability assay showed that inhibitory effects of B. aspera were time and dose-dependent in both cell lines, which were consistent with morphological changes, observed under light microscope. Apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry in which percentage of apoptotic cells increased in a dose and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Based on our data, B. aspera has cytotoxic effects in which apoptosis played an important role. Further evaluations are needed to assess the possible anti-tumor properties of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Pourgonabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98915-5199598, Fax: +985138828566,
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Bombin A, Reed LK. The changing biodiversity of Alabama Drosophila: important impacts of seasonal variation, urbanization, and invasive species. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:7057-7069. [PMID: 27895896 PMCID: PMC5120374 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming and anthropogenic disturbances significantly influence the biosphere, tremendously increasing species extinction rates. In Central Alabama, we analyzed Drosophilidae species composition change nearly 100 years after the previous survey. We found ten Drosophilid species that were not reported during the last major biodiversity studies, two of which are invasive pests. In addition, we analyzed the influence of seasonal environmental variables characteristic of the subtropical climate zone on Drosophila abundance and biodiversity. We found a significant correlation between temperature and abundance of total Drosophila as well as for six of the seven most represented species individually, with a maximum abundance at intermediate temperatures (18–26°C). In addition, temperature was positively correlated with biodiversity of Drosophila. Precipitation produced a significant effect on the abundance of five species of Drosophila, with different optima for each species, but did not affect overall biodiversity. We concluded that in the subtropical climate zone of Central Alabama, seasonal temperature and precipitation changes produce a significant effect on Drosophila abundance and biodiversity, while local land use also impacts fly abundance, contributing to an apparent shift in species composition over the last century. We expect global climate change and other anthropogenic factors to further impact Drosophila species composition in the subtropical climate zone into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Bombin
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| | - Laura K Reed
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
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Satheesh S, Ba-akdah MA, Al-Sofyani AA. Natural antifouling compound production by microbes associated with marine macroorganisms — A review. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Belmir S, Boucherit K, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Belhachemi MH. Effect of aqueous extract of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on therapeutic index of amphotericin B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-015-0961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Kim D, Ahn M, Jung J, Kwon S, Park EJ, Koo KH, Woo JM. Perspectives on the Market Globalization of Korean Herbal Manufacturers: A Company-Based Survey. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:515328. [PMID: 26199635 PMCID: PMC4496648 DOI: 10.1155/2015/515328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The growth of herbal markets has increased substantially in South Korea, but the worldwide market share remains small despite significant governmental efforts. This study aimed to characterize manufacturing employment and identify employees' general perceptions of market expansion. A survey study covering 567 companies was conducted using face-to-face interviews in 2012. Data were analyzed using comparisons among three manufacturing groups (i.e., the herbal dietary supplement manufacturing group, the herbal medicine manufacturing group, and the personal care product manufacturing group) or among the manufacturers themselves. We found that the majority of the manufacturing employee respondents were regular permanent and production workers. The domestic distributors were primarily chain stores/direct outlets or retailers/wholesalers, and the dominant product was red ginseng (hongsam). Although the responding companies exhibited a variety of perspectives, "advertisement/public relations" was cited as the most important factor in the development of the herbal industry. In contrast, "low manpower/seeking business partners" were the most crucial limiting and challenging factors for market globalization. Our results can be used to design a proper national plan by reducing the gaps in perspective between herbal product producers and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsu Kim
- Policy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
- School of Korea Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Ahn
- Policy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Kwon
- Policy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Convergence Technology Evaluation Researcher, Korea Technology & Information Promotion Agency for SMEs, 593 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Koo
- Policy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Woo
- Policy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Huang XC, Jin L, Wang M, Liang D, Chen ZF, Zhang Y, Pan YM, Wang HS. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel dehydroabietic acid derivatives containing a dipeptide moiety as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:370-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Al-Mamary M, Al-Habori M, Al-Zubairi AS. The in vitro antioxidant activity of different types of palm dates (Phoenix dactylifera) syrups. ARAB J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Huang L, Zhang T, Li S, Duan J, Ye F, Li H, She Z, Gao G, Yang X. Anthraquinone G503 induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108286. [PMID: 25268882 PMCID: PMC4182468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G503 is an anthraquinone compound isolated from the secondary metabolites of a mangrove endophytic fungus from the South China Sea. The present study elucidates the anti-tumor activity and the underlying mechanism of G503. Cell viability assay performed in nine cancer cell lines and two normal cell lines demonstrated that the gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 is the most G503-sensitive cancer cells. G503 induced SGC7901 cell death via apoptosis. G503 exposure activated caspases-3, -8 and -9. Pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and caspase-9 inhibitor Z-LEHD-FMK, but not caspase-8 inbibitor Z-IETD-FMK, attenuated the effect of G503. These results suggested that the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, rather than the extrinsic pathway, was involved in G503-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, G503 increased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in the mitochondria and decreased the ratio in the cytosol. G503 treatment resulted in mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release and the subsequent cleavage of caspase -9 and -3. Moreover, it is reported that the endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis pathway may also be activated by G503 by inducing capase-4 cleavage. In consideration of the lower 50% inhibitory concentration for gastric cancer cells, G503 may serve as a promising candidate for gastric cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junting Duan
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hanxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms (Sun Yat-sen University), Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhigang She
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms (Sun Yat-sen University), Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms (Sun Yat-sen University), Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Araujo RCP, Neves FAR, Formagio ASN, Kassuya CAL, Stefanello MEA, Souza VV, Pavan FR, Croda J. Evaluation of the anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity and in vivo acute toxicity of Annona sylvatic. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:209. [PMID: 24974069 PMCID: PMC4082671 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The recent emergence of extensively multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains has further complicated the control of tuberculosis. There is an urgent need for the development of new molecular candidates antitubercular drugs. Medicinal plants have been an excellent source of leads for the development of drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of 28 alcoholic extracts and essential oils of native and exotic Brazilian plants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to further study these extracts through chemical fractionation, the isolation of their constituents, and an evaluation of the in vivo acute toxicity of the active extracts. To the best of our knowledge this is the first chemical characterization, antituberculosis activity and acute toxicity evaluation of Annona sylvatica. Methods The anti-mycobacterial activity of these extracts and their constituent compounds was evaluated using the resazurin reduction microtiter assay (REMA). To investigate the acute toxicity of these extracts in vivo, female Swiss mice were treated with the extracts at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg · kg-1 of body weight. The extracts were characterized by LC-MS, and the constituents were isolated and identified by chromatographic analysis of spectroscopic data. Results Of the 28 extracts, the methanol extract obtained from the leaves of Annona sylvatica showed anti-mycobacterial activity with an minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 184.33 μg/mL, and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) resulting from liquid-liquid partitioning of the A. sylvatica extract showed an MIC of 115.2 μg/mL. The characterization of this extract by LC-MS identified flavonoids and acetogenins as its main constituents. The phytochemical study of the A. sylvatica EAF resulted in the isolation of quercetin, luteolin, and almunequin. Conclusions Among the compounds isolated from the EAF, luteolin and almunequin were the most promising, with MICs of 236.8 μg/mL (827.28 μM) and 209.9 μg/mL (328.48 μM), respectively. The acute administration of the EAF fraction in doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg · kg-1 of body weight did not cause signs of toxicity in the treated animals.
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Corals and their potential applications to integrative medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:184959. [PMID: 24757491 PMCID: PMC3976867 DOI: 10.1155/2014/184959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, we have pursued the use and exploitation of invertebrate immune systems, most notably their humoral products, to determine what effects their complex molecules might exert on humans, specifically their potential for therapeutic applications. This endeavor, called “bioprospecting,” is an emerging necessity for biomedical research. In order to treat the currently “untreatable,” or to discover more efficient treatment modalities, all options and potential sources must be exhausted so that we can provide the best care to patients, that is, proceed from forest and ocean ecosystems through the laboratory to the bedside. Here, we review current research findings that have yielded therapeutic benefits, particularly as derived from soft and hard corals. Several applications have already been demonstrated, including anti-inflammatory properties, anticancer properties, bone repair, and neurological benefits.
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Iminjan M, Amat N, Li XH, Upur H, Ahmat D, He B. Investigation into the toxicity of traditional Uyghur medicine Quercus infectoria galls water extract. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90756. [PMID: 24608135 PMCID: PMC3946586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Quercus infectoria galls (QIG) is being widely used in Traditional Uyghur Medicine. To gather preclinical safety information for the aqueous extract of QIG, a toxicity study was performed. Methods Subject animals were randomized, and devided into exposure and control groups. In the acute toxicity phase, three different doses—5, 7.5, and 10 g/kg, respectively—were administered via enema to imprinting control region (ICR) mice. An experiment using the maximum tolerance dose (MTD) i.e.10 g/kg was also performed. Data were gathered for 14 days, and study parameters were clinical signs, body weight, general behavior, adverse effects and mortality. At the day 14, major organs of the subjects were examined histologically. Chronic toxicity was also evaluated in Wistar rats for over 180 consecutive days. The rats were divided into three groups with different doses of 0.2 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg, and 2 g/kg, QIG. Furthermore, observations were carried out in rabbits to investigate if there were signs of irritation. Results In comparison to control group, acute, chronic toxicity and mortality were not significantly increased in exposure group. Conclusion Study result suggests that the aqueous extract of QIG is unlikely to have significant toxicity and that clinical trials may proceed safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Iminjan
- XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Pharmaceutical Science Institute, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nurmuhammat Amat
- Traditional Uyghur Medicine Institute, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HU); (NA)
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Halmurat Upur
- Traditional Uyghur Medicine Institute, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HU); (NA)
| | - Dilnur Ahmat
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regions Petroleum Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regions people's Hospital, Urumqi, China, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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Marine invertebrate natural products for anti-inflammatory and chronic diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:572859. [PMID: 24489586 PMCID: PMC3893779 DOI: 10.1155/2013/572859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment represents a relatively available source of functional ingredients that can be applied to various aspects of food processing, storage, and fortification. Moreover, numerous marine invertebrates based compounds have biological activities and also interfere with the pathogenesis of diseases. Isolated compounds from marine invertebrates have been shown to pharmacological activities and are helpful for the invention and discovery of bioactive compounds, primarily for deadly diseases like cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), osteoporosis, and so forth. Extensive research within the last decade has revealed that most chronic illnesses such as cancer, neurological diseases, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases exhibit dysregulation of multiple cell signaling pathways that have been linked to inflammation. On the basis of their bioactive properties, this review focuses on the potential use of marine invertebrate derived compounds on anti-inflammatory and some chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, HIV, and cancer.
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Menchinskaya ES, Pislyagin EA, Kovalchyk SN, Davydova VN, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI, Aminin DL. Antitumor activity of cucumarioside A2-2. Chemotherapy 2013; 59:181-91. [PMID: 24217558 DOI: 10.1159/000354156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytotoxic activity of sea cucumber glycosides against different types of cells and cell lines, including human tumor cell lines, has been studied for many years. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of the antitumor action of triterpene glycosides on cancer cells remain unclear. This article reports a continuation of investigations of triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A2-2 isolated from the Far-Eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica. It describes a study of glycoside anticancer activity in vivo and glycoside interaction with mouse Ehrlich carcinoma cells in vitro. METHODS The cytotoxicity of cucumarioside A2-2 and its effect on apoptosis, the cell cycle, DNA biosynthesis and p53 activity, and glycoside anticancer action against Ehrlich carcinoma cells were studied. RESULTS Cucumarioside A2-2 influences tumor cell viability at micromolar concentrations. The EC50 for glycoside estimated by nonspecific esterase assay and MTT assay was 2.1 and 2.7 μM, respectively. Cucumarioside A2-2 at a subcytotoxic range of concentrations exhibits a cytostatic effect by blocking cell proliferation and DNA biosynthesis in the S phase. It may induce apoptosis in tumor cells in a caspase-dependent way, bypassing the activation of the p53-dependent segment. CONCLUSION The anticancer and proapoptotic properties of cucumarioside A2-2 may be due to direct interaction of the glycoside with tumor cells. The in vivo anticancer effect of cucumarioside A2-2 may be associated with the ability of the drug to arrest the cell cycle in the synthetic phase and induce programmed tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of apigenin derivatives as antibacterial and antiproliferative agents. Molecules 2013; 18:11496-511. [PMID: 24048283 PMCID: PMC6269912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two series of apigenin [5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one] derivatives, 3a–3j and 4a–4j, were synthesized. The apigenin and alkyl amines moieties of these compounds were separated by C2 or C3 spacers, respectively. The chemical structures of the apigenin derivatives were confirmed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. The in vitro antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of all synthesized compounds were determined. Among the tested compounds, 4a–4j displayed significant antibacterial activity against the tested strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Additionally, 4i showed the best inhibitory activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.95, 3.91, 3.91, and 3.91 μg/mL against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The antiproliferative activity of the apigenin derivatives was evaluated by an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. We determined that 4a–4j displayed better growth inhibition activity against four human cancer cell lines, namely, human lung (A549), human cervical (HeLa), human hepatocellular liver (HepG2), and human breast (MCF-7) cancer cells, than the parent apigenin. Compound 4j was found to be the most active antiproliferative compound against the selected cancer cells. Structure-activity relationships were also discussed based on the obtained experimental data.
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Mogana R, Teng-Jin K, Wiart C. Anti-Inflammatory, Anticholinesterase, and Antioxidant Potential of Scopoletin Isolated from Canarium patentinervium Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:734824. [PMID: 23878606 PMCID: PMC3708431 DOI: 10.1155/2013/734824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of leaves of Canarium patentinervium Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth.) led to the isolation of scopoletin. The structure of this coumarin was elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-1D and 2D) and mass spectrometry. Scopoletin inhibited the enzymatic activity of 5-lipoxygenase and acetyl cholinesterase with an IC50 equal to 1.76 ± 0.01 μ M and 0.27 ± 0.02 mM, respectively, and confronted oxidation in the ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and β -carotene bleaching assay with EC50 values equal to 5.62 ± 0.03 μ M, 0.19 ± 0.01 mM, 0.25 ± 0.03 mM and 0.65 ± 0.07 mM, respectively. Given the aforementioned evidence, it is tempting to speculate that scopoletin represents an exciting scaffold from which to develop leads for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Mogana
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - K. Teng-Jin
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - C. Wiart
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Kiselev KV, Ageenko NV, Kurilenko VV. Involvement of the cell-specific pigment genes pks and sult in bacterial defense response of sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2013; 103:121-132. [PMID: 23548362 DOI: 10.3354/dao02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are one of the most important problems in mass aquaculture, causing the loss of millions of juvenile organisms. We isolated 22 bacterial strains from the cavity fluid of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus pallidus and used phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences to separate the bacterial strains into 9 genera (Aliivibrio, Bizionia, Colwellia, Olleya, Paenibacillus, Photobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, Shewanella, and Vibrio). Incubating Strongylocentrotus intermedius larvae with a strain from each of the 9 bacterial genera, we investigated the viability of the larvae, the amount of pigment cells, and the level of polyketide synthase (pks) and sulfotransferase (sult) gene expression. Results of the assay on sea urchin development showed that all bacterial strains, except Pseudoalteromonas and Bizionia, suppressed sea urchin development (resulting in retardation of the embryos' development with cellular disorders) and reduced cell viability. We found that pks expression in the sea urchin larvae after incubation with the bacteria of 9 tested genera was significantly increased, while the sult expression was increased only after the treatment with Pseudoalteromonas and Shewanella. Shikimic acid, which is known to activate the biosynthesis of naphthoquinone pigments, increased the tolerance of the sea urchin embryos to the bacteria. In conclusion, we show that the cell-specific pigment genes pks and sult are involved in the bacterial defense response of sea urchins.
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Zhang JY, Yi T, Liu J, Zhao ZZ, Chen HB. Quercetin induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in KB and KBv200 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2188-2195. [PMID: 23410218 DOI: 10.1021/jf305263r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, anticancer activities of six compounds of flavonoids were investigated in human epidermoid carcinoma KB and KBv200 cells. Among these compounds, quercetin and acacetin showed strong inhibition of cell growth in KB and KBv200 cells. IC50 values of quercetin against KB and KBv200 cells were 17.84 ± 4.14 and 18.94 ± 4.75 μM, respectively. The IC50 values of acacetin against KB and KBv200 cells were 41.33 ± 6.05 and 49.04 ± 3.64 μM. The IC50 values of apigenin, kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside, and quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside were more than 100 μM. Furthermore, quercetin was found to induce apoptosis in KB and KBv200 cells via the mitochondrial pathway, including a decrease of the reactive oxygen species level, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. The apoptosis induced by quercetin was not related to the regulation of Bcl-2 or Bax in KB and KBv200 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-ye Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Cooper EL. On the Road to an Impact Factor for eCAM. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 4:1-2. [PMID: 17342234 PMCID: PMC1810374 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin L Cooper
- Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
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Tao X, Jing-bo P, Wen-tong Z, Xin Z, Tao-tao Z, Shi-jun Y, Lei F, Zhong-mei Z, Da-yong C. Antiatherogenic and Anti-Ischemic Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xinkeshu via Endothelial Protecting Function. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2012:302137. [PMID: 22007259 PMCID: PMC3191825 DOI: 10.1155/2012/302137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Including herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular worldwide. The traditional Chinese medicine xinkeshu has been widely used to treat coronary heart disease in China. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect and probable mechanism of xinkeshu tablet to atherosclerotic myocardial ischemia rabbit. Rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 12 each) and fed with different diet for 12 weeks: Control (standard diet), Model (high-cholesterol diet), XKS (high-cholesterol diet with 184.8 mg/kg/d xinkeshu), and Atorvastatin (high-cholesterol diet with 5.0 mg/kg/d atorvastatin). Plasma lipoprotein, ECG, endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation, histomorphological study, and expressions of eNOS and VCAM-1 on coronary arteries were assessed. The findings showed that, similar to atorvastatin, xinkeshu presented significant effects on rescuing endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation, inhibiting atherosclerotic progress, preventing myocardial ischemia, and changing eNOS and VCAM-1 expression. However, xinkeshu showed no lipoprotein lowering effect in hypercholesterolemia rabbits. The results of the present study indicated that xinkeshu exerted potent antiatherogenic and anti-ischemic properties on atherosclerotic myocardial ischemia rabbit. An endothelial protecting effect may be involved in the mechanism other than antihyperlipidemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Neurology Department, China Meitan General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Peng Jing-bo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhang Wen-tong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Neurology Department, Beijing Huimin Hospital, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Zhao Xin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhang Tao-tao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Shi-jun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Lei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zou Zhong-mei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cai Da-yong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Dieckol from Ecklonia cava Regulates Invasion of Human Fibrosarcoma Cells and Modulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expression via NF-κB Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:140462. [PMID: 21826183 PMCID: PMC3151525 DOI: 10.1155/2011/140462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, as well as in the disease processes such as arthritis and cancer metastasis. In the present study, dieckol was obtained with high yield from marine brown alga Ecklonia cava (EC), and its effect was assessed on the expression of MMP-2 and -9 and morphological changes in human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080). Dieckol inhibited the expression of MMP-2 and -9 in a dose-dependent manner and also suppressed the cell invasion and the cytomorphology in 3D culture system on HT1080 cells. Moreover, dieckol may influence nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway without obvious influence on activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In conclusion, dieckol could significantly suppress MMP-2 and -9 expression and alter cytomorphology of HT1080 cell line via NF-κB pathway.
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Genome-based studies of marine microorganisms to maximize the diversity of natural products discovery for medical treatments. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:384572. [PMID: 21826184 PMCID: PMC3151524 DOI: 10.1155/2011/384572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Marine microorganisms are rich source for natural products which play important roles in pharmaceutical industry. Over the past decade, genome-based studies of marine microorganisms have unveiled the tremendous diversity of the producers of natural products and also contributed to the efficiency of harness the strain diversity and chemical diversity, as well as the genetic diversity of marine microorganisms for the rapid discovery and generation of new natural products. In the meantime, genomic information retrieved from marine symbiotic microorganisms can also be employed for the discovery of new medical molecules from yet-unculturable microorganisms. In this paper, the recent progress in the genomic research of marine microorganisms is reviewed; new tools of genome mining as well as the advance in the activation of orphan pathways and metagenomic studies are summarized. Genome-based research of marine microorganisms will maximize the biodiscovery process and solve the problems of supply and sustainability of drug molecules for medical treatments.
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Ageenko NV, Kiselev KV, Odintsova NA. Expression of Pigment Cell-Specific Genes in the Ontogenesis of the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:730356. [PMID: 21804858 PMCID: PMC3144734 DOI: 10.1155/2011/730356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the polyketide compounds, the naphthoquinone pigment echinochrome, is synthesized in sea urchin pigment cells. We analyzed polyketide synthase (pks) and sulfotransferase (sult) gene expression in embryos and larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius from various stages of development and in specific tissues of the adults. We observed the highest level of expression of the pks and sult genes at the gastrula stage. In unfertilized eggs, only trace amounts of the pks and sult transcripts were detected, whereas no transcripts of these genes were observed in spermatozoids. The addition of shikimic acid, a precursor of naphthoquinone pigments, to zygotes and embryos increased the expression of the pks and sult genes. Our findings, including the development of specific conditions to promote pigment cell differentiation of embryonic sea urchin cells in culture, represent a definitive study on the molecular signaling pathways that are involved in the biosynthesis of pigments during sea urchin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Ageenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevsky Street 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | | | - Nelly A. Odintsova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevsky Street 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
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Cooper EL. Regional Strength in CAM. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 3:291-2. [PMID: 16951712 PMCID: PMC1513147 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cooper EL. eCAM: An Emerging Linkage with Ethnopharmacology? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 5:365-6. [PMID: 19028766 PMCID: PMC2586315 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin L Cooper
- Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA.
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Azaizeh H, Saad B, Khalil K, Said O. The state of the art of traditional arab herbal medicine in the eastern region of the mediterranean: a review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 3:229-35. [PMID: 16786053 PMCID: PMC1475945 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historical and current studies indicate that the Eastern region of the Mediterranean has been distinguished from other regions by a rich inventory of complementary alternative medicine (CAM), in particular herbal medicine. Data collected from several surveys and studies indicate that there is a flourishing and well-developed trade of herbs. These surveys also reveal that 200-250 herbs are used in treating human diseases and are sold or traded in market places in the Mediterranean region or internationally. In addition, some of these herbs are rare or even endangered species. In regard to the status of the know-how of herbalists, unfortunately, herbal medicine in our region is mostly prescribed by ethnopharmacologists symptomatically-based on signs and symptoms alone, rather than as a result of a full understanding of the underlying disease. In some cases, herbs used today may not even correspond to the plants described originally in the old literature, as the former are cultivated from herbs that went through different breeding procedures throughout several centuries. This article presents a systematic review of both the state of the art of traditional Arab herbal medicine and the status of the know-how of Arab herbalists.
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Wang XY, He ZC, Song LY, Spencer S, Yang LX, Peng F, Liu GM, Hu MH, Li HB, Wu XM, Zeng S, Hilgenfeld R, Stöckigt J, Zhao Y, Qian JF. Chemotherapeutic effects of bioassay-guided extracts of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 10:NP12-23. [PMID: 21733985 DOI: 10.1177/1534735411413467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic extract of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera; Blattidae) has been traditionally used in southwestern China as an alternative medicine against disorders such as hepatitis, trauma, gastric ulcers, burns, and heart disease. The present study describes bioassay-guided purification and chemotherapeutic evaluation of the 60% ethanolic fraction of P americana organic extracts (PAE60). The most effective cytotoxic fraction was determined by way of repeated in vitro screenings against 12 distinct cultured human carcinoma cell lines: Eca 109, BGC823, HO8910, LS174T, CNE, HeLa, K562, PC-3, A549, BEL 7404, HL-60, and KB, followed by in vivo antitumor assays of the lead fraction (PAE60). The complexity of enriched active fraction was qualitatively evaluated using thin layer chromatography. Reconstituted PAE60 was effective at inhibiting HL-60, KB, CNE, and BGC823 cell growth with IC(50) values <20 µg mL-(1). PAE60 reduced tumor growth in S180-bearing immunocompetent mice by 72.62% after 10 days following oral doses of 500 mg kg d-(1) compared with 78.75% inhibition following 40 mg kg d-(1) of cyclophosphamide (CTX). Thymus and spleen indices of S180-bearing mice treated with PAE60 were significantly greater (P < .05) than CTX treatment groups, suggesting potential immunomodulation of antitumor host defenses by PAE60. Antiviral activity was also investigated and PAE60 inhibited herpes simplex type-2 replication (IC(50) = 4.11 ± 0.64 µg mL-(1)) with a selectivity index (CC(50) to IC(50) ratio) of 64.84 in Vero cells but was less effective on type-1 virus (IC(50) of 25.6 ± 3.16 µg mL-(1)). These results support future clinical trials on P. americana as an alternative or complementary medicinal agent.
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Qaddouri B, Guaadaoui A, Bellirou A, Hamal A, Melhaoui A, Brown GW, Bellaoui M. The Budding Yeast "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" as a Drug Discovery Tool to Identify Plant-Derived Natural Products with Anti-Proliferative Properties. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:954140. [PMID: 19596744 PMCID: PMC3139508 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a valuable system to study cell-cycle regulation, which is defective in cancer cells. Due to the highly conserved nature of the cell-cycle machinery between yeast and humans, yeast studies are directly relevant to anticancer-drug discovery. The budding yeast is also an excellent model system for identifying and studying antifungal compounds because of the functional conservation of fungal genes. Moreover, yeast studies have also contributed greatly to our understanding of the biological targets and modes of action of bioactive compounds. Understanding the mechanism of action of clinically relevant compounds is essential for the design of improved second-generation molecules. Here we describe our methodology for screening a library of plant-derived natural products in yeast in order to identify and characterize new compounds with anti-proliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Qaddouri
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biotechnologies, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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Al-Naqeep G, Al-Zubairi AS, Ismail M, Amom ZH, Esa NM. Antiatherogenic Potential of Nigella sativa Seeds and Oil in Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rabbits. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:213628. [PMID: 21792359 PMCID: PMC3136238 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nigella sativa or Black seed (N. sativa L.) is traditionally used for several ailments in many Middle Eastern countries. It is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the Ranuculacea family with many beneficial properties as antitumor, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antioxidative and antibacterial. This work attempted to study the effect of N. sativa seeds powder and oil on atherosclerosis in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic (HC) rabbits in comparison with simvastatin (ST). Twenty-five adult New Zealand male white rabbits, weighing 1.5-2.5 kg, were divided into five groups; normal group (NC, n = 5) and four hypercholesterolemic groups (n = 20): a positive control (PC) and three HC groups force fed diet supplemented with 1000 mg Kg(-1) body weight of N. sativa powder (NSP), 500 mg Kg(-1) body N. sativa oil (NSO) and 10 mg Kg(-1) ST for 8 weeks. Feeding HC rabbits with N. sativa either in powder or oil forms was shown to significantly reduce (P < .05) total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels and enhance high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels after treatment for 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks compared to the PC group. Plaque formation was significantly inhibited while the intima: media ratio was significantly reduced in the NSP and NSO supplemented groups compared to the PC group. In conclusion, treatment of HC rabbits with N. sativa seeds powder or oil showed hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic cardioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanya Al-Naqeep
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Higuchi CT, Sannomiya M, Pavan FR, Leite SRA, Sato DN, Franzblau SG, Sacramento LVS, Vilegas W, Leite CQF. Byrsonima fagifolia Niedenzu Apolar Compounds with Antitubercular Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:128349. [PMID: 19091782 PMCID: PMC3135853 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform extract of Byrsonima fagifolia leaves led to the isolation of active antitubercular compounds alkane dotriacontane (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration—MIC, 62.5 μg mL−1), triterpenoids as bassic acid (MIC = 2.5 μg mL−1), α-amyrin acetate (MIC = 62.5 μg mL−1), a mixture of lupeol, α- and β-amyrin (MIC = 31.5 μg mL−1) and a mixture of lupeol, and acetates of α- and β-amyrin (MIC = 31.5 μg mL−1). The antimycobacterial activity was determined by the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) and the structures of promising compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis. This investigation constitutes the first report of a chemical and antitubercular study of apolar compounds from B. fagifolia Niedenzu (IK).
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Higuchi
- Unesp, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 01, CEP 14801-902, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
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37
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Al-Zubairi AS, Abdul AB, Abdelwahab SI, Peng CY, Mohan S, Elhassan MM. Eleucine indica Possesses Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Properties. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:965370. [PMID: 19617201 PMCID: PMC3137868 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine is increasing rapidly. Eleucine indica (EI) is traditionally used in ailments associated with liver and kidneys. The therapeutic benefit of the medicinal plants is often attributed to their antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen the hexane, dicholoromethane, ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol extracts (MeTH) of EI for their antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-cancer effects using total phenolic contents (TPCs) and DPPH, disc diffusion method and MTT cytotoxicity assays, respectively. The MeTH was showed to have the highest TPC and scavenging activity (77.7%) on DPPH assay, followed by EA (64.5%), hexane (47.19%) and DCM (40.83%) extracts, whereas the MeTH showed no inhibitory effect on all tested bacteria strains. However, the EA extract exhibited a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria except Bacillus subtilis, in which this bacterium was found to be resistant to all EI extracts. Meanwhile, hexane extract was demonstrated to have a remarkable antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the dicholoromethane extract did not exhibit significant activity against P. aeruginosa. None of the extracts showed significant cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7, HT-29 and CEM-SS human cancer cell lines after 72 h incubation time (IC(50) > 30 μg/ml). These results demonstrate that the extract prepared from the EI possesses antioxidant activity in vitro in addition to antibacterial properties. Further investigations are needed to verify the antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel S. Al-Zubairi
- Laboratory of Cancer Research MAKNA-UPM, Institute of Biosciences (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana'a, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ahmad Bustamam Abdul
- Laboratory of Cancer Research MAKNA-UPM, Institute of Biosciences (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab
- Laboratory of Cancer Research MAKNA-UPM, Institute of Biosciences (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chew Yuan Peng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Laboratory of Cancer Research MAKNA-UPM, Institute of Biosciences (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400, Malaysia
| | - Manal Mohamed Elhassan
- Laboratory of Cancer Research MAKNA-UPM, Institute of Biosciences (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400, Malaysia
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Cheng HY, Yang CM, Lin TC, Lin LT, Chiang LC, Lin CC. Excoecarianin, Isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea, Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection through Inactivation of Viral Particles. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:259103. [PMID: 19808846 PMCID: PMC3136347 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea (Euphorbiaceae) is one of the traditional medicinal plants widely used by oriental people to treat various diseases. We have previously demonstrated that the acetone extract of P. urinaria inhibits herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) but not HSV-1 infection. In a continuing effort to clarify the antiviral mechanisms of P. urinaria, we isolated the pure compound excoecarianin from the whole plant of P. urinaria through acetone extraction, and investigated its anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 activities. Our results indicated that excoecarianin protected Vero cells from HSV-2 but not HSV-1 infection, and its 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.4 ± 0.1 μM. The antiviral effective concentration of excoecarianin did not affect the viability or the morphology of Vero cells. Although excoecarianin inhibited HSV-2 infection, the inhibitory effect, however, was most prominent when excoecarianin was concurrently added with the virus. Pretreatment of Vero cells with excoecarianin with removal of the drug prior to infection did not yield any antiviral effects, and the same observation was made for post viral entry treatment. Subsequent studies revealed that excoecarianin inactivated HSV-2 virus particles to prevent viral infection. A synergistic antiviral effect against HSV-2 was also observed when Vero cells were treated with a combination of acyclovir (ACV) and excoecarianin. These results suggested that excoecarianin merits to be further explored as an entry inhibitor against HSV-2 and could potentially be investigated for combinatorial drug treatment with nucleoside analogues such as ACV in therapeutic management of HSV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yew Cheng
- Department of Cosmetic Applications & Management, Tung Fang Institute of Technology, 829 Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
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39
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Mohan S, Bustamam A, Ibrahim S, Al-Zubairi AS, Aspollah M, Abdullah R, Elhassan MM. In Vitro Ultramorphological Assessment of Apoptosis on CEMss Induced by Linoleic Acid-Rich Fraction from Typhonium flagelliforme Tuber. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:421894. [PMID: 21785623 PMCID: PMC3135625 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The plant Typhonium flagelliforme, commonly known as “rodent tuber” in Malaysia, is often used as a health supplement and traditional remedy for alternative cancer therapies, including leukemia. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro anti-leukemic activity of dichloromethane extract/fraction number 7 (DCM/F7) from T. flagelliforme tuber on human T4 lymphoblastoid (CEMss) cell line. The DCM extract of tuber has been fractionated by column chromatography. The obtained fractions were evaluated for its cytotoxicity toward CEMss cells as well as human primary blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Assessment of apoptosis produced by the most active fraction was evaluated by various microscopic techniques and further confirmation of apoptosis was done by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Phytochemical screening was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results shows that 7 out of 12 fractions showed significant cytotoxicity against the selected cell line CEMss, in which fractions DCM/F7, DCM/F11 and DCM/F12 showed exceptional activity with 3, 5 and 6.2 μg ml−1, respectively. Further studies in the non-cancerous PBL exhibited significant selectivity of DCM/F7 compared to other fractions. Cytological observations showed chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, abnormalities of cristae, membrane blebbing, cytoplasmic extrusions and formation of apoptotic bodies as confirmed collectively by double-staining of acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI), SEM and TEM. In addition, DCM/F7 has increased the cellular DNA breaks on treated cells. GC-MS revealed that DCM/F7 contains linoleic acid, hexadecanoic acid and 9-hexadecanoic acid. The present results indicate that T. flagelliforme possess a valuable anti-leukemic effect and was able to produce distinctive morphological features of cell death that corresponds to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam Mohan
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, 43400 UPM Serdang, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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40
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Cheng YC, Wu CH, Kuo WW, Lin JA, Wang HF, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Huang CY, Hsu TC, Tzang BS. Ameliorate Effects of Li-Fu Formula on IL-6-Mediated Cardiac Hypertrophy in Hamsters Fed with a Hyper-Cholesterol Diet. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:485471. [PMID: 21785627 PMCID: PMC3135657 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia diets are considered as major sources to cause cardiac hypertrophy. This study intends to evaluate the effects of Li-Fu formula on cardiac hypertrophy induced by hypercholesterolemia diet. Twenty-four male Golden Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into control, cholesterol and Li-Fu formula groups and fed with different experimental diets for 2 months. Histopathological analysis and western blotting were performed to measure the myocardial architecture, and various cardiac hypertrophy-associated molecules in the excised left ventricle from hamsters. The ratios of whole heart weight/body weight (BW) and left ventricle weight/BW were significantly higher in the cholesterol group but significantly lower in the Li-Fu formula group. The protein levels of both atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide were significantly increased in the cholesterol group but significantly reduced in the Li-Fu formula group. Additionally, significantly increased interleukin-6, STAT3, MEK5, p-ERK5 and non-cardiomyocyte proliferate signal molecules such as p-MEK and p-ERK, were detected in the cholesterol group but significantly reduced in the Li-Fu formula group. Notably, no significant variations of inflammatory signaling molecules, including p-P38 and p-JNK, were detected in all groups. Our experimental results demonstrated the significant reductions of cardiac hypertrophy and related eccentric hypertrophy signaling, non-cardiomyocyte proliferate signaling in the excised left ventricle of hamsters from the Li-Fu formula. We suggested the protective effects of Li-Fu formula on cardiac hypertrophy that may be useful in prevention or treatment of hypertrophy-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chang Cheng
- Emergency Department of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, China Medical University, Taiwan
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41
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Tayarani-Najaran Z, Emami SA, Asili J, Mirzaei A, Mousavi SH. Analyzing Cytotoxic and Apoptogenic Properties of Scutellaria litwinowii Root Extract on Cancer Cell Lines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:160682. [PMID: 20028719 PMCID: PMC3094709 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Scutellaria species (Lamiaceae) is used as a source of flavonoids to treat a variety of diseases in traditional medicine. In spite of many reports about the cytotoxic and antitumor effects of some species of this genus, anticancer researches on one of the Iranian species S. litwinowii have not yet been conducted. The cytotoxic properties of total methanol extract of S. litwinowii and its fractions were investigated on different cancer cell lines including AGS, HeLa, MCF-7, PC12 and NIH 3T3. Meanwhile, the role of apoptosis in this toxicity was explored. The cells were cultured in DMEM medium and incubated with different concentrations of herb plant extracts. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were determined using propidium iodide staining of DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). Scutellaria litwinowii inhibited the growth of malignant cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among solvent fractions of S. litwinowii, the methylene chloride fraction was found to be more toxic compared to other fractions. The IC50 values of this fraction against AGS, HeLa, MCF-7 and PC12 cell lines after 24 h were determined, 121.2 ± 3.1, 40.9 ± 2.5, 115.9 ± 3.5 and 64.5 ± 3.4 μg/ml, respectively. Scutellaria litwinowii induced a sub-G1 peak in the flow cytometry histogram of treated cells compared to control cells indicating that apoptotic cell death is involved in S. litwinowii toxicity. Scutellaria litwinowii exerts cytotoxic and proapototic effects in a variety of malignant cell lines and could be considered as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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42
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Uddin SJ, Grice ID, Tiralongo E. Cytotoxic effects of bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:578092. [PMID: 19706693 PMCID: PMC3144735 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the cytotoxic effect of some Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts, 16 Bangladeshi medicinal plants were successively extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water. The methanolic and aqueous extracts were screened for cytotoxic activity against healthy mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) and three human cancer-cell lines (gastric: AGS; colon: HT-29; and breast: MDA-MB-435S) using the MTT assay. Two methanolic extracts (Hygrophila auriculata and Hibiscus tiliaceous) and one aqueous extract (Limnophila indica) showed no toxicity against healthy mouse fibroblasts, but selective cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (IC50 1.1–1.6 mg mL−1). Seven methanolic extracts from L. indica, Clerodendron inerme, Cynometra ramiflora, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Argemone mexicana, Ammannia baccifera and Acrostichum aureum and four aqueous extracts from Hygrophila auriculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, X. moluccensis and Aegiceras corniculatum showed low toxicity (IC50 > 2.5 mg mL−1) against mouse fibroblasts but selective cytotoxicity (IC50 0.2–2.3 mg mL−1) against different cancer cell lines. The methanolic extract of Blumea lacera showed the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 0.01–0.08 mg mL−1) against all tested cell lines among all extracts tested in this study. For some of the plants their traditional use as anticancer treatments correlates with the cytotoxic results, whereas for others so far unknown cytotoxic activities were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh J Uddin
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, 4222, Queensland, Australia
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Antiapoptotic and Antioxidant Properties of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Cat's Whiskers): Intervention in the Bcl-2-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011:156765. [PMID: 21234328 PMCID: PMC3018659 DOI: 10.1155/2011/156765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antiapoptotic and antioxidant activities of aqueous-methanolic extract (CAME) of Orthosiphonstamineus Benth(OS), and its hexane (HF), chloroform (CF), n-butanol (NBF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and water (WF) fractions were investigated. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using the assays of Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminiumtrichloride, β-carotene bleaching and DPPH. The role of OS against hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis on MDA-M231 epithelial cells was examined using MTT assay, phase contrast microscope, colorimetric assay of caspase-3, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that EAF showed the highest total phenolic content followed by CAME, NBF, WF, CF and HF, respectively. Flavonoid content was in the order of the CF > EAF > HF > CAME > NBF > WF. The IC50 values on DPPH assay for different extract/fractions were 126.2 ± 23, 31.25 ± 1.2, 15.25 ± 2.3, 13.56 ± 1.9, 23.0 ± 3.2, and 16.66 ± 1.5 μg/ml for HF, CF, EAF, NBF, WF and CAME, respectively. OSreduced the oxidation of β-carotene by hydroperoxides. Cell death was dose-dependently inhibited by pretreatment with OS. Caspase-3 and distinct morphological features suggest the anti-apoptotic activities of OS. This plant not only increased the expression of Bcl-2, but also decreased Bax expression, and ultimately reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis. The current results showed that phenolics may provide health and nutritional benefits.
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Benkendorff K, McIver CM, Abbott CA. Bioactivity of the Murex Homeopathic Remedy and of Extracts from an Australian Muricid Mollusc against Human Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011:879585. [PMID: 19491143 PMCID: PMC3137770 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Marine molluscs from the family Muricidae are the source of a homeopathic remedy Murex, which is used to treat a range of conditions, including cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity of egg mass extracts of the Australian muricid Dicathais orbita, in comparison to the Murex remedy, against human carcinoma and lymphoma cells. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to characterize the chemical composition of the extracts and homeopathic remedy, focusing on biologically active brominated indoles. The MTS (tetrazolium salt) colorimetric assay was used to determine effects on cell viability, while necrosis and apoptosis induction were investigated using flow cytometry (propidium iodide and Annexin-V staining, resp.). Cells were treated with varying concentrations (1–0.01 mg/mL) of crude and semi-purified extracts or preparations (dilute 1 M and concentrated 4 mg/mL) from the Murex remedy (4 h). The Murex remedy showed little biological activity against the majority of cell lines tested. In contrast, the D. orbita egg extracts significantly decreased cell viability in the majority of carcinoma cell lines. Flow cytometry revealed these extracts induce necrosis in HT29 colorectal cancer cells, whereas apoptosis was induced in Jurkat cells. These findings highlight the biomedical potential of Muricidae extracts in the development of a natural therapy for the treatment of neoplastic tumors and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Benkendorff
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
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45
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Selective Th2 Upregulation by Crocus sativus: A Neutraceutical Spice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20953384 PMCID: PMC2952317 DOI: 10.1155/2011/639862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory activity of an Indian neutraceutical spice, saffron (Crocus sativus) was studied on Th(1) and Th(2) limbs of the immune system. Oral administration of alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus (ACS) at graded dose levels from 1.56-50 mg/kg p.o. potentiated the Th(2) response of humoral immunity causing the significant increases in agglutinating antibody titre in mice at a dose of 6.25 mg/kg and an elevation of CD19(+) B cells and IL-4 cytokine, a signature cytokine of Th(2) pathway. Appreciable elevation in levels of IgG-1 and IgM antibodies of the primary and secondary immune response was observed. However, ACS showed no appreciable expression of the Th(1) cytokines IL-2 (growth factor for CD4(+) T cells) and IFN-γ (signature cytokine of Th(1) response). A significant modulation of immune reactivity was observed in all the animal models used. This paper represents the selective upregulation of the Th(2) response of the test material and suggests its use for subsequent selective Th(2) immunomodulation.
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46
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Wei SP, Ji ZQ, Zhang HX, Zhang JW, Wang YH, Wu WJ. Isolation, biological evaluation and 3D-QSAR studies of insecticidal/narcotic sesquiterpene polyol esters. J Mol Model 2010; 17:681-93. [PMID: 20532805 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a set of (43) natural sesquiterpene polyol esters isolated from the root bark of Celastrus angulatus Maxim and Euonymus japonicus Thunb were subjected to 3D-QSAR comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) studies, with the aim of proposing novel sesquiterpene-based compounds with optimal narcotic or insecticidal activities. The established 3D-QSAR models exhibit reasonable statistical quality and prediction capabilities, with internal cross-validated Q (2) values of ∼ 0.5 and external predicted R (2) values of >0.9, respectively. The relative contributions of the steric/electrostatic fields of the 3D-QSAR models show that the electronic effect governs the narcotic activities of the molecules, but the hybrid effect of the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions is more influential in the insecticidal activities of the compounds. These findings may have valuable implications for the development of novel natural insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-peng Wei
- Institute of Pesticide Science, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Shaanxi 712100, China
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47
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Anthracenedione derivatives as anticancer agents isolated from secondary metabolites of the mangrove endophytic fungi. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1469-81. [PMID: 20479985 PMCID: PMC2866493 DOI: 10.3390/md8041469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report anticancer activity of 14 anthracenedione derivatives separated from the secondary metabolites of the mangrove endophytic fungi Halorosellinia sp. (No. 1403) and Guignardia sp. (No. 4382). Some of them inhibited potently the growth of KB and KBv200 cells, among which compound 6 displayed strong cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 3.17 and 3.21 μM to KB and KBv200 cells, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the mechanism involved in the apoptosis induced by compound 6 is probably related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships of these compounds are discussed.
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48
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Cooper EL. eCAM: Darwin and Metchnikoff. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2009; 6:421-2. [PMID: 19934235 PMCID: PMC2781769 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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49
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Rajbhandari M, Mentel R, Jha PK, Chaudhary RP, Bhattarai S, Gewali MB, Karmacharya N, Hipper M, Lindequist U. Antiviral activity of some plants used in Nepalese traditional medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2007; 6:517-22. [PMID: 18955262 PMCID: PMC2781767 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methanolic extracts of 41 plant species belonging to 27 families used in the traditional medicine in Nepal have been investigated for in vitro antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and influenza virus A by dye uptake assay in the systems HSV-1/Vero cells and influenza virus A/MDCK cells. The extracts of Astilbe rivularis, Bergenia ciliata, Cassiope fastigiata and Thymus linearis showed potent anti-herpes viral activity. The extracts of Allium oreoprasum, Androsace strigilosa, Asparagus filicinus, Astilbe rivularis, Bergenia ciliata and Verbascum thapsus exhibited strong anti-influenza viral activity. Only the extracts of A. rivularis and B. ciliata demonstrated remarkable activity against both viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajbhandari
- Research Center for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Cooper EL. The immune system and complementary and alternative medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2007; 4:5-8. [PMID: 18227923 PMCID: PMC2206233 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin L Cooper
- Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095-1763, USA
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