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Lee JG, Li Y, Kim NJ, Jang HB, Yang CH, Kim HY, Yoon SS, Chang S, Jeong SJ, Kim SC, Sa BS, Lee BH. A synergistic effect of herb and acupuncture on the methamphetamine. Integr Med Res 2024; 13:101052. [PMID: 39219986 PMCID: PMC11364119 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2024.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Herbal medicine Ja-Geum-Jeong (JGJ) has been used for the treatment of detoxification in Eastern Asia. However, the mechanisms involved are not clearly defined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if herb medication inhibits Methamphetamine (METH)'s reinforcing effect and also examined if a combination of herb medication and acupuncture produces a synergistic effect on METH. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given acute METH intraperitoneally and the locomotor activity and ultrasonic vocalization (USV) calls were measured. Rats were administered JGJ orally and acupuncture was given at HT7 or SI5. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists were injected into the Central amygdala (CeA) to investigate a possible neuroscientific mechanism. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) were measured to immunohistochemically and electrically confirm the behavioral data. Results Locomotor activity and USV calls were increased by METH (P < 0.05) and these increases were inhibited by JGJ (P < 0.05). Also, JGJ had no effect on the normal group given saline, and acupuncture at SI5 acupoint, but not at HT7 acupoint, produced a synergistic effect when combined with JGJ (P < 0.05). The JGJ's inhibition was blocked by the inactivation of CeA (P < 0.05), and MSG mimicked JGJ (P < 0.05). TH and FSCV measures showed the same pattern with the behavioral data (P < 0.05). Conclusion Results of the present study suggest that JGJ had inhibitory effects on the METH which was mediated through the activation of CeA and that combination of acupuncture and herb produced synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gyeom Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuchi Li
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, PR China
| | - Nam Jun Kim
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byeol Jang
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Shoon Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchan Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ju Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Herbal Formula, College of Biomedical Science, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Suk Sa
- Chung Shin Herbal Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Chen W, Chen Q, Huang J, Shen X, Zhang L, Jiang G, Wu T, Wang F, Cheng X. Huanglian-banxia promotes gastric motility of diabetic rats by modulating brain-gut neurotransmitters through MAPK signaling pathway. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14779. [PMID: 38488234 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric motility disorder is an increasingly common problem among people with diabetes. Neurotransmitters have been recognized as critical regulators in the process of gastric motility. Previous study has shown that herb pair huanglian-banxia (HL-BX) can improve gastric motility, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to further investigate the role of HL-BX in modulating brain-gut neurotransmission to promote gastric motility in diabetic rats, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS The diabetic rats were divided into five groups. Gastric emptying rate, intestinal propulsion rate, body weight, and average food intake were determined. Substance P (SP), 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1) in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. Protein expression of the tissues in the stomach and brain was determined by Western blot. KEY RESULTS HL-BX reduced average food intake significantly, increased body weight, and improved gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate. HL-BX administration caused a significant increase in SP, GLP-1, and 5-HT, but a significant decrease in DA and NE. Interestingly, HL-BX regulated simultaneously the different expressions of MAPK and its downstream p70S6K/S6 signaling pathway in the stomach and brain. Moreover, berberine exhibited a similar effect to HL-BX. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that HL-BX promoted gastric motility by regulating brain-gut neurotransmitters through the MAPK signaling pathway. HL-BX and MAPK provide a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianmin Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guorong Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Berberine, a Herbal Metabolite in the Metabolic Syndrome: The Risk Factors, Course, and Consequences of the Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041351. [PMID: 35209140 PMCID: PMC8874997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the health of patients exposed to the consequences of the metabolic syndrome still requires the search for new solutions, and plant nutraceuticals are currently being intensively investigated. Berberine is a plant alkaloid possessing scientifically determined mechanisms of the prevention of the development of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, as well as cardiovascular complications and cancer. It positively contributes to elevated levels of fasting, postprandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin, while decreasing insulin resistance. It stimulates glycolysis, improving insulin secretion, and inhibits gluconeogenesis and adipogenesis in the liver; by reducing insulin resistance, berberine also improves ovulation. The anti-obesity action of berberine has been also well-documented. Berberine acts as an anti-sclerotic, lowering the LDL and testosterone levels. The alkaloid exhibits an anti-inflammatory property by stalling the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2. Berberine is neuroprotective and acts as an antidepressive. However, the outcomes in psychiatric patients are nonspecific, as it has been shown that berberine improves metabolic parameters in schizophrenic patients, acting as an adjuvant during antipsychotic treatment. Berberine acts as an anticancer option by inducing apoptosis, the cell cycle arrest, influencing MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and influencing transcription regulation. The inhibition of carcinogenesis is also combined with lipid metabolism.
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Liang G, Zhang L, Jiang G, Chen X, Zong Y, Wang F. Effects and Components of Herb Pair Huanglian-Banxia on Diabetic Gastroparesis by Network Pharmacology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8257937. [PMID: 34708128 PMCID: PMC8545519 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8257937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a serious and chronic complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus, which brings a heavy burden to individuals and society. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is considered a complementary and alternative therapy for DGP patients. Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, HL) and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, BX) combined as herb pair have been frequently used in TCM prescriptions, which can effectively treat DGP in China. In this article, a practical application of TCM network pharmacological approach was used for the research on herb pair HL-BX in the treatment of DGP. Firstly, twenty-seven potential active components of HL-BX were screened from the TCMSP database, and their potential targets were also retrieved. Then, the compound-target network and PPI network were constructed from predicted common targets, and several key targets were found based on the degree of the network. Next, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to obtain several significantly enriched terms. Finally, the experimental verification was made. The results demonstrated that network pharmacological approach was a powerful means for identifying bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of action for TCM. Network pharmacology provided an effective strategy for TCM modern research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Guorong Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zong
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
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López‐Gambero AJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J. Energy sensors in drug addiction: A potential therapeutic target. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12936. [PMID: 32638485 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is defined as the repeated exposure and compulsive seek of psychotropic drugs that, despite the harmful effects, generate relapse after the abstinence period. The psychophysiological processes associated with drug addiction (acquisition/expression, withdrawal, and relapse) imply important alterations in neurotransmission and changes in presynaptic and postsynaptic plasticity and cellular structure (neuroadaptations) in neurons of the reward circuits (dopaminergic neuronal activity) and other corticolimbic regions. These neuroadaptation mechanisms imply important changes in neuronal energy balance and protein synthesis machinery. Scientific literature links drug-induced stimulation of dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways along with presence of neurotrophic factors with alterations in synaptic plasticity and membrane excitability driven by metabolic sensors. Here, we provide current knowledge of the role of molecular targets that constitute true metabolic/energy sensors such as AMPK, mTOR, ERK, or KATP in the development of the different phases of addiction standing out the main brain regions (ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and amygdala) constituting the hubs in the development of addiction. Because the available treatments show very limited effectiveness, evaluating the drug efficacy of AMPK and mTOR specific modulators opens up the possibility of testing novel pharmacotherapies for an individualized approach in drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jesús López‐Gambero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Universidad de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
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Biological Activity of Berberine-A Summary Update. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110713. [PMID: 33198257 PMCID: PMC7697704 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a plant metabolite belonging to the group of isoquinoline alkaloids with strong biological and pharmacological activity. Currently, berberine is receiving considerable interest due to its anticancer activity based on many biochemical pathways, especially its proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, the growing number of papers on berberine demands summarizing the knowledge and research trends. The efficacy of berberine in breast and colon cancers seems to be the most promising aspect. Many papers focus on novel therapeutic strategies based on new formulations or search for new active derivatives. The activity of berberine is very important as regards sensitization and support of anticancer therapy in combination with well-known but in some cases inefficient therapeutics. Currently, the compound is being assessed in many important clinical trials and is one of the most promising and intensively examined natural agents.
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Alavijeh MM, Vaezi G, Khaksari M, Hojati V. Berberine hydrochloride attenuates voluntary methamphetamine consumption and anxiety-like behaviors via modulation of oxytocin receptors in methamphetamine addicted rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:157-165. [PMID: 30922821 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methamphetamine (METH) addiction is recognized as one of the major public health concerns, with no approved pharmacological agents for treatment. Berberine hydrochloride, an isoquinoline alkaloid in plants, induces antipsychotic and anxiolytic effects. Hence, we hypothesized that berberine may modulate the METH-induced rewarding effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, three groups of rat including control (N = 10), METH + vehicle (N = 10), and METH + berberine (N = 10) were kept in separate cages one day before expriments. METH (20 mg/L) was dissolved in tap water inside a bottle, while there was only tap water in the control bottle. Two groups received free METH solutions for two weeks (up to 12 mg/kg). Afterwards, they were abstianced for three weeks. Only one group received 100 mg/kg/day of berberine. After three weeks, locomotor activity and anxiety (elevated plus maze test) were evaluated, then the two-bottles choice model was used for one week to evaluate drug preferences. Finally, the brain of rats was removed for evaluation of oxytocin receptor expression via immunofluorescence staining method. RESULTS The results showed that METH preference was lower in the berberine + METH group during drug intake compared to the METH group (P < .05). During withdrawal, berberine reduced anxiety-like behaviors (P < .05) and decreased locomotor activity versus the METH group (P < .001). Also, berberine increased numbers of oxytocin receptors in comparison with the METH group (P < .01). CONCLUSION Considering the modulation of oxytocin receptors, berberine may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamhassan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Vida Hojati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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Lin X, Zhang N. Berberine: Pathways to protect neurons. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1501-1510. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Lin
- Second Department of Clinical Medicine; China Medical University; No. 77 Puhe Road Shenyang 110122 PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; No. 77 Puhe Road Shenyang 110122 PR China
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Su G, Wang H, Gao Y, Chen G, Pei Y, Bai J. ¹H-NMR-Based Metabonomics of the Protective Effect of Coptis chinensis and Berberine on Cinnabar-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111855. [PMID: 29099071 PMCID: PMC6150353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coptis chinensis Franch has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating infectious and inflammatory diseases for over two thousand years. Berberine (BN), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is the main component of Coptis chinensis. The pharmacological basis for its therapeutic effects, which include hepatoprotective effects on liver injuries, has been studied intensively, yet the therapy of liver injuries and underlying mechanism remain unclear. We investigated the detoxification mechanism of Coptis chinensis and berberine using metabolomics of urine and serum in the present study. After the treatment with Coptis chinensis and berberine, compared with the cinnabar group, Coptis chinensis and berberine can regulate the concentration of the endogenous metabolites. PLS-DA score plots demonstrated that the urine and serum metabolic profiles in rats of the Coptis chinensis and berberine groups were similar those of the control group, yet remarkably apart from the cinnabar group. The mechanism may be related to the endogenous metabolites including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and metabolism of intestinal flora in rats. Meanwhile, liver and kidney histopathology examinations and serum clinical chemistry analysis verified the experimental results of metabonomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Su
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yuxian Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yuehu Pei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jiao Bai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Berberis Vulgaris and Berberine: An Update Review. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1745-1764. [PMID: 27528198 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid present in several plants, including Coptis sp. and Berberis sp. Berberine is a customary component in Chinese medicine, and is characterized by a diversity of pharmacological effects. An extensive search in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Wiley, ProQuest, ISI, and Science Direct) were used to identify the pharmacological and clinical studies on Berberis vulgaris and berberine, during 2008 to 2015, using 'berberine' and 'Berberis vulgaris' as search words. We found more than 1200 new article studying the properties and clinical uses of berberine and B. vulgaris, for treating tumor, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, cerebral ischemia trauma, mental disease, Alzheimer disease, osteoporosis, and so on. In this article, we have updated the pharmacological effects of B. vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Bojesodok-eum, a Herbal Prescription, Ameliorates Acute Inflammation in Association with the Inhibition of NF-κB-Mediated Nitric Oxide and ProInflammatory Cytokine Production. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:457370. [PMID: 23093981 PMCID: PMC3472669 DOI: 10.1155/2012/457370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bojesodok-eum (BSE) is a herbal prescription consisting of Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix as main components. This paper investigated the effects of BSE on the induction of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and proinflammatory cytokines that are caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine macrophage cell line and on the paw edema formation in animals. Administration of BSE (0.3 g/kg and 1 g/kg) in rats significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema formation, as did dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory positive control drug. In cell model, treatment of BSE decreased the production of NO and PGE2 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. BSE also inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein as well as COX activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistently, BSE suppressed the ability of LPS to produce TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. LPS treatment induced nuclear NF-κB level and I-κBα phosphorylation, which were inhibited subsequent treatment of BSE, suggesting its repression of LPS-inducible NF-κB activation. BSE abrogated the induction of NO, PGE2, and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS as mediated with NF-κB inhibition.
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Hepatoprotective effects of Berberis vulgaris L. extract/β cyclodextrin on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute toxicity in mice. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:9014-9034. [PMID: 22942749 PMCID: PMC3430280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13079014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the capacity of formulated Berberis vulgaris extract/β-cyclodextrin to protect liver against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Formulated and non-formulated extracts were given orally (50 mg/kg/day) to mice for 7 days and were then intra-peritoneally injected with 1.0 mL/kg CCl4 on the 8th day. After 24 h of CCl4 administration, an increase in the levels of apartate-amino-transferase (AST), alanine-amino-transferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was found and a significant decrease in superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) levels could be detected. This was accompanied by extended centrilobular necrosis, steatosis, fibrosis and an altered ultrastructure of hepatocytes. Pre-treatment with formulated or non-formulated extract suppressed the increase in ALT, AST and MDA levels and restored the level of antioxidant enzymes at normal values. Histopathological and electron-microscopic examination showed milder liver damage in both pre-treated groups and the protective effect was more pronounced after the formulated extract was administered. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation induced by CCl4 was reduced in the group which received non-formulated extract and absent in the group which received formulated extract. Taken together, our results suggest that Berberis vulgaris/β-cyclodextrin treatment prevents hepatic injury induced by CCl4 and can be considered for further nutraceutical studies.
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Berberine improves insulin sensitivity by inhibiting fat store and adjusting adipokines profile in human preadipocytes and metabolic syndrome patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:363845. [PMID: 22474499 PMCID: PMC3310165 DOI: 10.1155/2012/363845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is known to inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells in vitro, improve glycemic control, and attenuate dyslipidemia in clinical study. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of berberine on preadipocytes isolated from human omental fat and in metabolic syndrome patients treated with berberine for 3 months. We have shown that treatment with 10 μM berberine resulted in a major inhibition of human preadipocyte differentiation and leptin and adiponectin secretion accompanied by downregulation of PPARγ2, C/EBPα, adiponectin, and leptin mRNA expression. After 3 months of treatment, metabolic syndrome patients showed decrease in their BMI (31.5 ± 3.6 versus 27.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2) and leptin levels (8.01 versus 5.12 μg/L), as well as leptin/adiponectin ratio and HOMA-IR. These results suggest that berberine improves insulin sensitivity by inhibiting fat store and adjusting adipokine profile in human preadipocytes and metabolic syndrome patients.
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Berberine Moderates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism through Multipathway Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20953398 PMCID: PMC2952334 DOI: 10.1155/2011/924851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is known to improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,
but the mechanism is still under investigation. In this paper, we explored the effects of berberine
on the weight, glucose levels, lipid metabolism, and serum insulin of KKAy mice and investigated
its possible glucose and lipid-regulating mechanism. We randomly divided KKAy mice into two groups: berberine
group (treated with 250 mg/kg/d berberine) and control group. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), weight,
total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density
lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and fasting serum insulin were measured in both groups. The oral glucose
tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. RT2 PCR array gene expression analysis was performed using skeletal
muscle of KKAy mice. Our data demonstrated that berberine significantly decreased FBG, area under the
curve (AUC), fasting serum insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index,
TC, and TG, compared with those of control group. RT2 profiler PCR array analysis showed that berberine
upregulated the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14),
MAPK8(c-jun N-terminal kinase, JNK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), uncoupling
protein 2 (UCP2), and hepatic nuclear factor 4α(HNF4α), whereas it downregulated the expression of PPARγ,
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (CEBP), PPARγ coactivator 1α(PGC 1α), and resistin. These results suggest
that berberine moderates glucose and lipid metabolism through a multipathway mechanism that includes
AMP-activated protein kinase-(AMPK-) p38 MAPK-GLUT4, JNK pathway, and PPARα pathway.
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