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Lu Y, Wyckhuys KAG, Wu K. Pest Status, Bio-Ecology, and Area-Wide Management of Mirids in East Asia. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:393-413. [PMID: 37758221 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-121322-015345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mirids (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) feed upon a wide variety of cultivated and wild plants and can be economically important crop pests. They have traditionally been perceived as innocuous herbivores in East Asia; however, population levels of various mirid species have dramatically increased over the past decades. High-profile pests such as Apolygus spp., Adelphocoris spp., and Lygus spp. are now widely distributed across the region, and their infestation pressure is associated with climate, agroecological conditions, and farming practices. This review outlines how an in-depth understanding of pest biology, a systems-level characterization of pest ecology, and a comprehensive evaluation of integrated pest management tactics have enabled sustainable management of mirids across crop boundaries and harvest cycles. This work underscores how more holistic, integrative research approaches can accelerate the implementation of area-wide management of generalist pests, effectively prevent pest population build-up and yield impact, and shrink the environmental footprint of agriculture. In addition to highlighting the merits of interdisciplinary systems approaches, we discuss prospects and challenges for the sustainable management of polyphagous mirid pests in landscape matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China; ,
| | - Kris A G Wyckhuys
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China; ,
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
- Chrysalis Consulting, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China; ,
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Calvo‐Agudo M, Tooker JF, Dicke M, Tena A. Insecticide-contaminated honeydew: risks for beneficial insects. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:664-678. [PMID: 34802185 PMCID: PMC9299500 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Honeydew is the sugar-rich excretion of phloem-feeding hemipteran insects such as aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies, and psyllids, and can be a main carbohydrate source for beneficial insects in some ecosystems. Recent research has revealed that water-soluble, systemic insecticides contaminate honeydew excreted by hemipterans that feed on plants treated with these insecticides. This contaminated honeydew can be toxic to beneficial insects, such as pollinators, parasitic wasps and generalist predators that feed on it. This route of exposure has now been demonstrated in three plant species, for five systemic insecticides and four hemipteran species; therefore, we expect this route to be widely available in some ecosystems. In this perspective paper, we highlight the importance of this route of exposure by exploring: (i) potential pathways through which honeydew might be contaminated with insecticides; (ii) hemipteran families that are more likely to excrete contaminated honeydew; and (iii) systemic insecticides with different modes of action that might contaminate honeydew through the plant. Furthermore, we analyse several model scenarios in Europe and/or the USA where contaminated honeydew could be problematic for beneficial organisms that feed on this ubiquitous carbohydrate source. Finally, we explain why this route of exposure might be important when exotic, invasive, honeydew-producing species are treated with systemic insecticides. Overall, this review opens a new area of research in the field of ecotoxicology to understand how insecticides can reach non-target beneficial insects. In addition, we aim to shed light on potential undescribed causes of insect declines in ecosystems where honeydew is an important carbohydrate source for insects, and advocate for this route of exposure to be included in future environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Calvo‐Agudo
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y BiotecnologíaInstituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA)Carretera de Moncada‐Náquera Km. 4,546113MoncadaValenciaSpain
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityPO Box 166700AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - John F. Tooker
- Department of EntomologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802U.S.A.
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityPO Box 166700AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Tena
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y BiotecnologíaInstituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA)Carretera de Moncada‐Náquera Km. 4,546113MoncadaValenciaSpain
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Zhou HX, Milne RI, Cui P, Gu WJ, Hu MF, Liu XY, Song YQ, Cao J, Zha HG. Comparing the contents, functions and neonicotinoid take-up between floral and extrafloral nectar within a single species (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:429-441. [PMID: 35018412 PMCID: PMC8944713 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many angiosperms can secrete both floral (FN) and extrafloral (EFN) nectar. However, much remains unclear about how EFN and FN differ in secretion, composition and ecological function, especially when both FN and EFN are secreted on flowers of the same species. METHODS Hemerocallis citrina flowers secrete both FN and EFN. The FN and EFN traits including volume, presentation pattern and temporal rhythms of secretion were compared by field observation. Sugar and amino acid contents were analysed using regular biochemical methods, whereas the proteome was investigated by combined gel-based and gel-free approaches. Animal feeders on FN and EFN were investigated by field observation. Hemerocallis citrina plants were exposed by soil drenching to two systemic insecticides, acetamiprid and imidacloprid, and the concentration of these in FN and EFN was measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS Hemerocallis citrina FN was concentrated and sucrose dominant, secreted in the mature flower tube and served as a reward for pollinators. Conversely, EFN was hexose rich, more dilute and less rich in sugar and amino acids. EFN was secreted on the outside of developing floral buds, and was likely to attract predatory animals for defence. EFN had fewer phenolics, but more pathogenesis-related components, such as chitinase and glucanase. A significantly different proteomic profile and enzymatic activities between FN and EFN suggest that they had different biosynthesis mechanisms. Both neonicotinoid insecticides examined became present in both nectar types soon after application, but in greater concentration within EFN; EFN also attracted a wider range of insect species than FN. CONCLUSIONS Hemerocallis citrina FN and EFN differed in production, composition and ecological function. The EFN pathway could be a significant way for neonicotinoids to enter the wild food chain, and must be considered when evaluating the risks to the environment of other systemic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhou
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Richard I Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Peng Cui
- Instrumental Analysis Centre, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Wen-Jing Gu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Meng-Fang Hu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Xin-Yue Liu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Yue-Qin Song
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Jun Cao
- For correspondence. E-mail , or
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Calvo-Agudo M, Dregni J, González-Cabrera J, Dicke M, Heimpel GE, Tena A. Neonicotinoids from coated seeds toxic for honeydew-feeding biological control agents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117813. [PMID: 34332171 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seed coating ('seed treatment') is the leading delivery method of neonicotinoid insecticides in major crops such as soybean, wheat, cotton and maize. However, this prophylactic use of neonicotinoids is widely discussed from the standpoint of environmental costs. Growing soybean plants from neonicotinoid-coated seeds in field, we demonstrate that soybean aphids (Aphis glycines) survived the treatment, and excreted honeydew containing neonicotinoids. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that honeydew excreted by the soybean aphid contained substantial concentrations of neonicotinoids even one month after sowing of the crop. Consuming this honeydew reduced the longevity of two biological control agents of the soybean aphid, the predatory midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza and the parasitic wasp Aphelinus certus. These results have important environmental and economic implications because honeydew is the main carbohydrate source for many beneficial insects in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Calvo-Agudo
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km. 4,5, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonathan Dregni
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joel González-Cabrera
- Instituto BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, c/Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - George E Heimpel
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alejandro Tena
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km. 4,5, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Wang J, Mason CJ, Ju X, Xue R, Tong L, Peiffer M, Song Y, Zeng R, Felton GW. Parasitoid Causes Cascading Effects on Plant-Induced Defenses Mediated Through the Gut Bacteria of Host Caterpillars. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708990. [PMID: 34552570 PMCID: PMC8452159 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Koinobiont endoparasitoid wasps whose larvae develop inside a host insect alter several important facets of host physiology, potentially causing cascading effects across multiple trophic levels. For instance, the hijacking of the host immune responses may have effects on how insects interact with host plants and microbial associates. However, the parasitoid regulation of insect-plant-microbiome interactions is still understudied. In this study, we used the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, and the braconid parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris to evaluate impacts of parasitism on the gut microbiome of FAW larvae, and respective maize plant defense responses. The level of reactive oxygen species and the microbial community in larval gut underwent significant changes in response to parasitism, leading to a significant reduction of Enterococcus, while elevating the relative abundance of Pseudomonas. FAW with parasitism had lower glucose oxidase (GOX) activity in salivary glands and triggered lower defense responses in maize plants. These changes corresponded to effects on plants, as Pseudomonas inoculated larvae had lower activity of salivary GOX and triggered lower defense responses in maize plants. Our results demonstrated that parasitism had cascading effects on microbial associates across trophic levels and also highlighted that insect gut bacteria may contribute to complex interrelationships among parasitoids, herbivores, and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Charles J. Mason
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Xueyang Ju
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Tong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Michelle Peiffer
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gary W. Felton
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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