1
|
Hasegawa H, Kuwajima K, Kagawa S, Yamane T, Rader F, Siegel RJ, Shiota T. Impact of eccentric jet on outcomes in patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation: An echocardiographic study. Int J Cardiol 2023; 391:131342. [PMID: 37678430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported the mechanisms underlying atrial functional mitral regurgitation (A-FMR). Recently, A-FMR subtypes based on mitral regurgitation (MR) mechanisms were proposed: "central jet" due to insufficient leaflet remodeling and "eccentric jet" due to atriogenic tethering. However, their prognostic value remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of A-FMR subtypes on clinical outcomes. METHODS Outpatients with significant A-FMR between January 2013 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. They were classified into two subtypes according to the MR jet's direction. All-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalization, and any mitral valve interventions were the primary composite endpoint. RESULTS Among 101 patients with significant A-FMR, 32% had eccentric jet. The primary endpoint was observed in 56 patients during the follow-up period (median 0.7 years, range 0.1-4.2 years). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that the composite endpoint was higher among patients with eccentric jet than those with central jet (log-rank p < 0.001). Eccentric jet (hazard ratio [HR] 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-4.73; p = 0.007), age (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11; p = 0.002), symptoms (HR 6.22, 95% CI 2.18-17.8; p < 0.001), severe MR (HR 3.97, 95% CI 1.92-8.18; p < 0.001), and significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR; HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.01-3.97; p = 0.047) were independent predictors of the composite endpoint. CONCLUSIONS Patients with eccentric jet had poorer outcomes than those with central jet. Eccentric jet, age, symptoms, severe MR, and significant TR were independently associated with poor outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hasegawa
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ken Kuwajima
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takafumi Yamane
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Florian Rader
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Siegel
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takahiro Shiota
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pausch J, Harmel E, Reichenspurner H, Kempfert J, Kuntze T, Owais T, Holubec T, Walther T, Krane M, Vitanova K, Borger MA, Eden M, Hachaturyan V, Bramlage P, Falk V, Girdauskas E. Subannular repair in secondary mitral regurgitation with restricted leaflet motion during systole. Heart 2023; 109:1394-1400. [PMID: 37376817 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-322239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ventricular secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) (Carpentier type IIIb) results from left ventricular (LV) remodelling, displacement of papillary muscles and tethering of mitral leaflets. The most appropriate treatment approach remains controversial. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of standardised relocation of both papillary muscles (subannular repair) at 1-year follow-up (FU). METHODS REFORM-MR (Reform-Mitral Regurgitation) is a prospective, multicentre registry that enrolled consecutive patients with ventricular SMR (Carpentier type IIIb) undergoing standardised subannular mitral valve (MV) repair in combination with annuloplasty at five sites in Germany. Here, we report survival, freedom from recurrence of MR >2+, freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, MV reintervention and echocardiographic parameters of residual leaflet tethering at 1-year FU. RESULTS A total of 94 patients (69.1% male) with a mean age of 65.1±9.7 years met the inclusion criteria. Advanced LV dysfunction (mean left ventricular ejection fraction 36.4±10.5%) and severe LV dilatation (mean left ventricular end-diastolic diameter 61.0±9.3 mm) resulted in severe mitral leaflet tethering (mean tenting height 10.6±3.0 mm) and an elevated mean EURO Score II of 4.8±4.6 prior to surgery. Subannular repair was successfully performed in all patients, without operative mortality or complications. One-year survival was 95.5%. At 12 months, a durable reduction of mitral leaflet tethering resulted in a low rate (4.2%) of recurrent MR >2+. In addition to a significant improvement in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (22.4% patients in NYHA III/IV vs 64.5% patients at baseline, p<0.001), freedom from MACCE was observed in 91.1% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of standardised subannular repair to treat ventricular SMR (Carpentier type IIIb) in a multicentre setting. By addressing mitral leaflet tethering, papillary muscle relocation results in very satisfactory 1-year outcomes and has the potential to durably restore MV geometry; nevertheless, long-term FU is mandatory. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03470155.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Pausch
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf University Heart & Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Harmel
- I. Medical Clinic, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf University Heart & Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kempfert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuntze
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Tamer Owais
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Tomas Holubec
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, München, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keti Vitanova
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, München, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Eden
- Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Bramlage
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf University Heart & Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim H, Kim IC, Lee S. Implications of the Mitral Leaflet Coaptation Pattern on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 2023; 199:25-32. [PMID: 37229968 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The classification of secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) is based on atrial functional MR (AFMR) or ventricular functional MR (VFMR) and volume changes, but the mitral leaflet coaptation angle also contributes to the MR mechanism. The clinical implications of the coaptation angle on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes have not been well evaluated. A total of 469 consecutive patients (265 AFMR vs 204 VFMR) with more than moderate MR were evaluated for the occurrence of heart failure, mitral valve operations, and CV death. The coaptation angle was assessed by measuring the internal angle between both leaflets at mid-systole using the apical 3-chamber view. A coaptation angle ≥130° was classified as leaflet flattening, and an angle <130° was classified as leaflet tethering. AFMR and VFMR were associated with higher frequencies of leaflet flattening and tethering, respectively. AFMR was more likely to be associated with older age, atrial fibrillation, and preserved ejection fraction, all of which were related to leaflet flattening. During a follow-up of 2.3 years, 83 patients had heart failure (17.7%), 21 patients underwent mitral valve operations (4.5%), and 34 patients died (7%). Compared with leaflet tethering, leaflet flattening was more significantly related to CV events, whereas CV event rates were less markedly different in A/VFMR. Irrespective of A/VFMR, leaflet flattening and atrial fibrillation were associated with a higher frequency of CV events. Adjusted analysis showed that leaflet flattening remained an independent predictor of CV events (hazard ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 4.88, p = 0.003), whereas A/VFMR did not. In conclusion, the leaflet coaptation angle in patients with functional MR could provide risk stratification superior to that of A/VFMR. Leaflet flattening appears to be associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungseop Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Cheol Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhwa Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cosyns B, Sade LE, Gerber BL, Gimelli A, Muraru D, Maurer G, Edvardsen T. The year 2021 in the European Heart Journal: Cardiovascular Imaging Part II. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:276-284. [PMID: 36718129 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Heart Journal-Cardiovascular Imaging was launched in 2012 and has during these years become one of the leading multimodality cardiovascular imaging journals. The journal is currently ranked as Number 19 among all cardiovascular journals. It has an impressive impact factor of 9.130. The most important studies published in our Journal from 2021 will be highlighted in two reports. Part II will focus on valvular heart disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathies, and congenital heart disease, while Part I of the review has focused on studies about myocardial function and risk prediction, myocardial ischaemia, and emerging techniques in cardiovascular imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Cosyns
- Cardiology, CHVZ (Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten), ICMI (In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging) Laboratory, Universitair ziekenhuis Brussel, 101 Laarbeeklaan, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leyla Elif Sade
- Cardiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, 200 Delafield Rd Suite 3010 and 4050, Pittsburgh, PA 15215, USA.,University of Baskent, Department of Cardiology, Yukarı Bahçelievler, Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak Cd. No: 45, 06490 Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bernhard L Gerber
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Av Hippocrate 10/2806, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Department of Cardiac Imaging, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa PI, Italy
| | - Denisa Muraru
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiology, Piazzale Brescia 20, Via Giuseppe Zucchi, 18, 20095 Cusano, Milanino MI, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- ProCardio Center for Innovation, Dept of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo Norway and Institute for clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, Institute for clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tanaka T, Sugiura A, Öztürk C, Vogelhuber J, Tabata N, Wilde N, Zimmer S, Nickenig G, Weber M. Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Atrial Secondary Mitral Regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 15:1731-1740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
6
|
Gaidulis G, Suresh KS, Xu D, Padala M. Patient-Specific Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Derived Computational Modeling of the Mitral Valve. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:847-859. [PMID: 35380321 PMCID: PMC10826907 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Several new techniques to repair the mitral valve affected by functional mitral regurgitation are in development. However, due to the heterogeneity of valve lesions between patients, predicting the outcomes of novel treatment approaches is challenging. We present a patient-specific, 3D ultrasound-derived computational model of the mitral valve for procedure planning, that faithfully mimics the pathological valve dynamics. 3D ultrasound images were obtained in three pigs induced with heart failure and which developed functional mitral regurgitation. For each case, images were segmented, and finite element model of mitral valve was constructed. Annular and papillary muscle dynamics were extracted and imposed as kinematic boundary conditions, and the chordae were pre-strained to induce valve tethering. Valve closure was simulated by applying physiologic transvalvular pressure on the leaflets. Agreement between simulation results and truth datasets was confirmed, with accurate location of regurgitation jets and coaptation defects. Inclusion of kinematic patient-specific boundary conditions was necessary to achieve these results, whereas use of idealized boundary conditions deviated from the truth dataset. Due to the impact of boundary conditions on the model, the effect of repair strategies on valve closure varied as well, indicating that our approach of using patient-specific boundary conditions for mitral valve modeling is valid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Gaidulis
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Emory University Hospital Midtown, 380B Northyards Blvd NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kirthana Sreerangathama Suresh
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Emory University Hospital Midtown, 380B Northyards Blvd NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
| | - Dongyang Xu
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Emory University Hospital Midtown, 380B Northyards Blvd NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
| | - Muralidhar Padala
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Emory University Hospital Midtown, 380B Northyards Blvd NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA.
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barbieri A, Mantovani F. Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: The concept has evolved, but inconsistencies still remain. J Card Surg 2022; 37:1192-1194. [DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barbieri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Diagnostics Clinical and Public Health Medicine, Policlinico University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Francesca Mantovani
- Department of Cardiology Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, IRCCS di Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Ajmone-Marsan N, Di Carli M, Nicol E. OUP accepted manuscript. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1288-1295. [PMID: 35259251 PMCID: PMC8970999 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the most relevant literature published in 2021 on the role of cardiovascular imaging in cardiovascular medicine. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continued to impact the healthcare landscape, resulting in reduced access to hospital-based cardiovascular care including reduced routine diagnostic cardiovascular testing. However, imaging has also facilitated the understanding of the presence and extent of myocardial damage caused by the coronavirus infection. What has dominated the imaging literature beyond the pandemic are novel data on valvular heart disease, the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) applied to imaging, and the use of advanced imaging modalities in both ischaemic heart disease and cardiac amyloidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guys' and St Thomas NHS Trust and School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - Nina Ajmone-Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo Di Carli
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Nicol
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guys' and St Thomas NHS Trust and School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Badano LP, Parati G, Muraru D. Use of the three-dimensional technique to remove the looking glass through which the echocardiographers have imagined the pathophysiology of atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22:1117-1118. [PMID: 34410359 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi P Badano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiological, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, P.le Brescia 26, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiological, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, P.le Brescia 26, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Denisa Muraru
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiological, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, P.le Brescia 26, 20149 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|