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Zou K, Zeng Z. Role of early growth response 1 in inflammation-associated lung diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L143-L154. [PMID: 37401387 PMCID: PMC10511164 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00413.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early growth response 1 (EGR1), which is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, and immune and inflammatory responses, is a zinc finger transcription factor. EGR1 is a member of the EGR family of early response genes and can be activated by external stimuli such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, hormones, endotoxins, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. EGR1 expression is upregulated during several common respiratory diseases, such as acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumonia, and novel coronavirus disease 2019. Inflammatory response is the common pathophysiological basis of these common respiratory diseases. EGR1 is highly expressed early in the disease, amplifying pathological signals from the extracellular environment and driving disease progression. Thus, EGR1 may be a target for early and effective intervention in these inflammation-associated lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Nakagiri T, Wrenger S, Sivaraman K, Ius F, Goecke T, Zardo P, Grau V, Welte T, Haverich A, Knöfel AK, Janciauskiene S. α1-Antitrypsin attenuates acute rejection of orthotopic murine lung allografts. Respir Res 2021; 22:295. [PMID: 34789247 PMCID: PMC8597316 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is an acute phase glycoprotein, a multifunctional protein with proteinase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. Both preclinical and clinical experiences show that the therapy with plasma purified AAT is beneficial for a broad spectrum of inflammatory conditions. The potential effects of AAT therapy have recently been highlighted in lung transplantation (LuTx) as well. Methods We used a murine fully mismatched orthotopic single LuTx model (BALB/CJ as donors and C57BL/6 as recipients). Human AAT preparations (5 mg, n = 10) or vehicle (n = 5) were injected to the recipients subcutaneously prior to and intraperitoneally immediately after the LuTx. No immune suppressive drugs were administered. Three days after the transplantation, the mice were sacrificed, and biological samples were assessed. Results Histological analysis revealed significantly more severe acute rejection in the transplanted lungs of controls than in AAT treated mice (p < 0.05). The proportion of neutrophil granulocytes, B cells and the total T helper cell populations did not differ between two groups. There was no significant difference in serum CXCL1 (KC) levels. However, when compared to controls, human AAT was detectable in the serum of mice treated with AAT and these mice had a higher serum anti-elastase activity, and significantly lower proportion of Th1 and Th17 among all Th cells. Cleaved caspase-3-positive cells were scarce but significantly less abundant in allografts from recipients treated with AAT as compared to those treated with vehicle. Conclusion Therapy with AAT suppresses the acute rejection after LuTx in a mouse model. The beneficial effects seem to involve anti-protease and immunomodulatory activities of AAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nakagiri
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Wrenger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Fabio Ius
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Goecke
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Zardo
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronika Grau
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Knöfel
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
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Hashimoto K, Yamane M, Sugimoto S, Hirano Y, Kurosaki T, Otani S, Miyoshi K, Ohara T, Okazaki M, Yoshimura T, Oto T, Matsukawa A, Toyooka S. Negative impact of recipient SPRED2 deficiency on transplanted lung in a mouse model. Transpl Immunol 2019; 57:101242. [PMID: 31446154 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2019.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after lung transplantation mainly contributes to the development of primary graft dysfunction. The Sprouty-related EVH1-domain-containing (SPRED) protein family inhibits the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. Our study was aimed at examining the role of SPRED2 in IRI in mice that received orthotopic lung transplantation. Syngeneic mouse lung transplantation was performed in wild-type C57BL/6 J (WT) mice and Spred2 knockout (Spred2-/-) mice on the C57BL/6 J background from the WT donor. Four hours after reperfusion, blood gas analysis was performed, and lung grafts were sacrificed and analyzed. By using arterial oxygen tension measurements and histological evaluation using Lung Injury Score, we revealed more severe IRI in the grafts transplanted to Spred2-/- recipients, which manifested as exacerbated airway epithelial cell damage, interstitial edema with hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration. Intragraft ERK1/2 activation and expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in Spred2-/- recipients were higher than those in WT recipients. SPRED2 plays an important role in protecting the lungs from IRI in lung transplantation recipients. We suggest that focused treatments suppressing the activity of the MAPK/ERK pathway in transplantation recipients could be the potential therapeutic option for the prevention of lung IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hashimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaomi Yamane
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Seiichiro Sugimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hirano
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurosaki
- Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Otani
- Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaroh Miyoshi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mikio Okazaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oto
- Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Early Growth Response-1 Plays an Important Role in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Lung Transplants by Regulating Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Infiltration. Transplantation 2016; 99:2285-93. [PMID: 26079744 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) has been shown to be a trigger-switch transcription factor that is involved in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS Mouse lung transplants were performed in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and Egr1-knockout (KO) mice in the following donor → recipient combinations: WT → WT, KO → WT, WT → KO, and KO → KO to determine whether the presence of Egr-1 in the donor or recipient is the most critical factor for IRI. Pulmonary grafts were retrieved after 18 hours of ischemia after 4 hours of reperfusion. We analyzed graft function by analyzing arterial blood gas and histology in each combination and assessed the effects of Egr1 depletion on inflammatory cytokines that are regulated by Egr-1 as well on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration. RESULTS Deletion of Egr1 improved pulmonary graft function in the following order of donor → recipient combinations: WT → WT < WT → KO < KO → WT < KO → KO. Polymerase chain reaction assays for Il1B, Il6, Mcp1, Mip2, Icam1, and Cox2 showed significantly lower expression levels in the KO → KO group than in the other groups. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated clear Egr-1 expression in the nuclei of pulmonary artery endothelial cells and PMN cytoplasm in the WT grafts. Flow cytometry analysis showed that Egr1 deletion reduced PMN infiltration and that the extent of reduction correlated with graft function. CONCLUSIONS Both graft and recipient Egr-1 played a role in lung IRI, but the graft side contributed more to this phenomenon through regulation of PMN infiltration. Donor Egr-1 expression in pulmonary artery endothelial cells may play an important role in PMN infiltration, which results in IRI after lung transplantation.
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Papanikolaou NA, Tillinger A, Liu X, Papavassiliou AG, Sabban EL. A systems approach identifies co-signaling molecules of early growth response 1 transcription factor in immobilization stress. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:100. [PMID: 25217033 PMCID: PMC4363937 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-014-0100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Adaptation to stress is critical for survival. The adrenal medulla, the major source of epinephrine, plays an important role in the development of the hyperadenergic state and increased risk for stress associated disorders, such as hypertension and myocardial infarction. The transcription factor Egr1 plays a central role in acute and repeated stress, however the complexity of the response suggests that other transcription factor pathways might be playing equally important roles during acute and repeated stress. Therefore, we sought to discover such factors by applying a systems approach. Results Using microarrays and network analysis we show here for the first time that the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) gene is activated in acute stress whereas the prolactin releasing hormone (Prlh11) and chromogranin B (Chgb) genes are induced in repeated immobilization stress and that along with Egr1 may be critical mediators of the stress response. Conclusions Our results suggest possible involvement of Stat3 and Prlh1/Chgb up-regulation in the transition from short to repeated stress activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Hellas (Greece).
| | - Andrej Tillinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA. .,Current Address: Clyde and Helen Wu Center of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Hellas (Greece).
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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Lin X, Li W, Lai J, Okazaki M, Sugimoto S, Yamamoto S, Wang X, Gelman AE, Kreisel D, Krupnick AS. Five-year update on the mouse model of orthotopic lung transplantation: Scientific uses, tricks of the trade, and tips for success. J Thorac Dis 2012; 4:247-58. [PMID: 22754663 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.06.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been 5 years since our team reported the first successful model of orthotopic single lung transplantation in the mouse. There has been great demand for this technique due to the obvious experimental advantages the mouse offers over other large and small animal models of lung transplantation. These include the availability of mouse-specific reagents as well as knockout and transgenic technology. Our laboratory has utilized this mouse model to study both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms of lung transplant physiology while others have focused on models of chronic rejection. It is surprising that despite our initial publication in 2007 only few other laboratories have published data using this model. This is likely due to the technical complexity of the surgical technique and perioperative complications, which can limit recipient survival. As two of the authors (XL and WL) have a combined experience of over 2500 left and right single lung transplants, this review will summarize their experience and delineate tips and tricks necessary for successful transplantation. We will also describe technical advances made since the original description of the model.
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