1
|
Deng J, Zeng Z, Liao Y, Zhong H, Zhang H. Cyanoacrylate glue foreign body after CT-guided localization of a pulmonary nodule during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 36653826 PMCID: PMC9847023 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A tracheal foreign body is a common airway aspiration that creates an emergency, which often causes unobserved respiratory problems and requires management. Iatrogenic tracheal foreign bodies are rarely observed, which results in tracheal obstruction. If the foreign body were removed from the tracheobronchial system, it would save lives. A similar case of a tracheal foreign body was focused on, which was caused by medical glue used during preoperative computed tomography localization of pulmonary nodules. CASE PRESENTATION The foreign body was deposited in the right upper bronchi, accidentally discovered after anesthesia when a double-lumen tube was located by fiber bronchoscopy. Following a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, the foreign body was removed using a respiratory endoscopy without subsequent adverse consequences for the patient. CONCLUSIONS There is a risk of complications from iatrogenic airway foreign bodies for preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules by injecting cyanoacrylate glue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingdan Deng
- grid.459766.fDepartment of Anesthesiology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou City, 514031 Guangdong Province China
| | - Zhiwen Zeng
- grid.459766.fDepartment of Anesthesiology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou City, 514031 Guangdong Province China
| | - Yilin Liao
- grid.459766.fDepartment of Anesthesiology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou City, 514031 Guangdong Province China
| | - Haihui Zhong
- grid.459766.fDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou City, 514031 Guangdong Province China
| | - Huanrong Zhang
- grid.459766.fDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou City, 514031 Guangdong Province China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu L, Wang J, Liu L, Shan L, Zhai R, Liu H, Yao F. Computed tomography-guided cyanoacrylate injection for localization of multiple ipsilateral lung nodules. Eur Radiol 2021; 32:184-193. [PMID: 34170364 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To retrospectively assess the clinical effectiveness of CT-guided cyanoacrylate localization for multiple ipsilateral small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) and to determine the independent predictors for pneumothorax. METHODS In total, 81 patients with 169 lesions undergoing CT-guided cyanoacrylate localization for multiple ipsilateral SPNs between September 2016 and July 2020 were enrolled (group M). Another 284 patients who received single SPN localization during the same period served as the control group (group S). Propensity score analysis was performed to minimize selection bias. Possible independent predictors for pneumothorax were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Multiple ipsilateral SPN localization was successfully performed in all 81 patients. The incidences of successful targeting during localization and surgery were 100% and 98.8%, respectively. Seventy-seven patients (95.1%) underwent the procedure on the day before the surgery. Propensity matching created 81 pairs of patients. There were no significant differences in the incidence of successful targeting during localization and surgery, localization-related pain score, and additional morphine use between the two groups. However, group M was associated with a significant longer localization procedural time (p < 0.001) and a higher incidence of pneumothorax (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, position change was significantly associated with a sevenfold increase in the risk for pneumothorax (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CT-guided cyanoacrylate injection for multiple ipsilateral SPN localization was safe and reliable, and allowed a flexible surgical schedule, despite a lengthy procedure and an increased incidence of pneumothorax. Avoiding position change may help to reduce the occurrence of pneumothorax. KEY POINTS • Compared to single SPN localization, multiple ipsilateral SPN localization using cyanoacrylate injection achieved comparable safety, reliability, and comfort. • CT-guided cyanoacrylate localization for multiple ipsilateral SPNs allowed a flexible surgical schedule. • Position change was the only independent risk factor for pneumothorax during the multiple ipsilateral SPN localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 168, Gushan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211100, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 168, Gushan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211100, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limei Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 168, Gushan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211100, China
| | - Rong Zhai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 168, Gushan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211100, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 168, Gushan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211100, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 168, Gushan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adventitial Collagen Crosslink Reduces Intimal Hyperplasia in a Rabbit Arteriovenous Graft Model. J Surg Res 2019; 246:550-559. [PMID: 31668608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is the initial lesion of vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting. The weak venous wall is likely one of the primary reasons for IH after exposure to the arterial environment. We investigate whether adventitial collagen cross-link by glutaraldehyde (GA) reinforces the venous wall and then reduces IH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adventitial collagen cross-link by 0.3% GA was performed on the rabbit jugular veins. The degree of cross-link was accessed by tensile test. The jugular vein with or without cross-link was implanted into the carotid artery of rabbit. Vein dilatation at the immediate anastomosis and pathological remodeling of vein graft after 4 wk was assessed. RESULTS Tensile test indicated that the mechanical property of 3-min cross-linked veins more closely resembled that of the carotid artery. In rabbit arteriovenous graft models, 3-min adventitial collagen cross-link limited overdistension (diameter: 3.24 mm versus 4.65 mm, P < 0.01) at the immediate anastomosis and reduced IH (intima thickness: 78.83 μm versus 140.19 μm, P < 0.01) of vein grafts 4 wk after implantation in the cross-link group as compared with the graft group (without cross-link). Compared with the cross-link group, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 increased significantly at both the mRNA and protein levels within the graft group (P < 0.01), but the expression of smooth muscle-22α decreased significantly (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Adventitial collagen cross-link by GA increased the vessel stiffness and remarkably reduced IH in a rabbit arteriovenous graft model.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yao F, Yao J, Xu L, Wang J, Gao L, Wang J. Computed tomography-guided cyanoacrylate localization of small pulmonary nodules: feasibility and initial experience. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 28:387-393. [PMID: 30247604 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report our initial technical experience with computed tomography (CT)-guided cyanoacrylate localization for resection of small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) and evaluate the feasibility of this technique. METHODS Between June 2016 and December 2017, the diagnostic results of 55 consecutive patients (69 SPNs) who underwent preoperative CT-guided cyanoacrylate localization and consequent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection were retrospectively evaluated. Localization-related outcomes and perioperative outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Preoperative CT-guided cyanoacrylate localization was successfully performed in all the cases. Simultaneous localization was achieved in 8 (14.5%) patients with 2 nodules and 3 (5.5%) patients with 3 nodules. The mean size of the nodules was 8.5 ± 3.2 mm (range 5-20 mm), and their mean depth from the nearest pleural surface was 10.9 ± 7.7 mm (range 2-36 mm). The overall mean localization procedural time was 13.7 ± 7.2 min (range 6-37 min). Two localization-related complications (intrapulmonary focal haemorrhage and pneumothorax) were observed in 7 (12.7%) and 12 (21.8%) patients, respectively. All patients with complications were asymptomatic and received conservative treatment only. All SPNs were resected under VATS without any conversion to minithoracotomy or thoracotomy. CONCLUSIONS CT-guided cyanoacrylate localization is a feasible procedure to localize SPNs. The advantages of this technique include flexibility between insertion and excision, the ability to be applied to the whole lung field, a high success rate, patient comfort after insertion and a fast learning curve. Further studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of this technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Libing Gao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tianshu-Chu, Congrong-Gao, Zhiwei-Zhao, Fei-Ling, Ayu-Sun, Yuanbiao-Zheng, Jing-Cao, Ge J. Rapamycin Combined with α-Cyanoacrylate Contributes to Inhibiting Intimal Hyperplasia in Rat Models. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 112:3-10. [PMID: 30570064 PMCID: PMC6317635 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vein graft restenosis has an adverse impact on bridge vessel circulation and
patient prognosis after coronary artery bypass grafting. Objectives We used the extravascular supporter α-cyanoacrylate (α-CA), the
local application rapamycin/sirolimus (RPM), and a combination of the two
(α-CA-RPM) in rat models of autogenous vein graft to stimulate vein
graft change. The aim of our study was to observe the effect of α-CA,
RPM, and α-CA-RPM on vein hyperplasia. Methods Fifty healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into the following 5
groups: sham, control, α-CA, RPM, and α-CA-RPM. Operating
procedure as subsequently described was used to build models of grafted rat
jugular vein on carotid artery on one side. The level of endothelin-1 (ET-1)
was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Grafted veins
were observed via naked eye 4 weeks later; fresh veins were observed via
microscope and image-processing software in hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining
and immunohistochemistry after having been fixed and stored” (i.e. First
they were fixed and stored, and second they were observed); α-Smooth
Muscle Actin (αSMA) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were measured
with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Comparisons
were made with single-factor analysis of variance and Fisher’s least
significant difference test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results We found that intimal thickness of the α-CA, RPM, and α-CA-RPM
groups was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.01), and the
thickness of the α-CA-RPM group was notably lower than that of the
α-CA and RPM groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion RPM combined with α-CA contributes to inhibiting intimal hyperplasia
in rat models and is more effective for vascular patency than individual use
of either α-CA or RPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fei-Ling
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei - China
| | - Ayu-Sun
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei - China
| | | | - Jing-Cao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei - China
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu B, Werlin EC, Chen M, Mottola G, Chatterjee A, Lance KD, Bernards DA, Sansbury BE, Spite M, Desai TA, Conte MS. Perivascular delivery of resolvin D1 inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in a rabbit vein graft model. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:188S-200S.e4. [PMID: 30064835 PMCID: PMC6252159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.05.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is a key driver of excessive neointimal hyperplasia within vein grafts. Recent work demonstrates that specialized proresolving lipid mediators biosynthesized from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as resolvin D1 (RvD1), actively orchestrate the process of inflammation resolution. We investigated the effects of local perivascular delivery of RvD1 in a rabbit vein graft model. METHODS Ipsilateral jugular veins were implanted as carotid interposition grafts through an anastomotic cuff technique in New Zealand white rabbits (3-4 kg; N = 80). RvD1 (1 μg) was delivered to the vein bypass grafts in a perivascular fashion, using either 25% Pluronic F127 gel (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo) or a thin bilayered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) film. No treatment (bypass only) and vehicle-loaded Pluronic gels or PLGA films served as controls. Delivery of RvD1 to venous tissue was evaluated 3 days later by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Total leukocyte infiltration, macrophage infiltration, and cell proliferation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Elastin and trichrome staining was performed on grafts harvested at 28 days after bypass to evaluate neointimal hyperplasia and vein graft remodeling. RESULTS Perivascular treatments did not influence rates of graft thrombosis (23%), major wound complications (4%), or death (3%). Leukocyte (CD45) and macrophage (RAM11) infiltration was significantly reduced in the RvD1 treatment groups vs controls at 3 days (60%-72% reduction; P < .01). Cellular proliferation (Ki67 index) was also significantly lower in RvD1-treated vs control grafts at 3 days (40%-50% reduction; P < .01). Treatment of vein grafts with RvD1-loaded gels reduced neointimal thickness at 28 days by 61% vs bypass only (P < .001) and by 63% vs vehicle gel (P < .001). RvD1-loaded PLGA films reduced neointimal formation at 28 days by 50% vs bypass only (P < .001). RvD1 treatment was also associated with reduced collagen deposition in vein grafts at 28 days. CONCLUSIONS Local perivascular delivery of RvD1 attenuates vein graft hyperplasia without associated toxicity in a rabbit carotid bypass model. This effect appears to be mediated by both reduced leukocyte recruitment and decreased cell proliferation within the graft. Perivascular PLGA films may also impart protection through biomechanical scaffolding in this venous arterialization model. Our studies provide further support for the potential therapeutic role of specialized proresolving lipid mediators such as D-series resolvins in modulating vascular injury and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bian Wu
- Department of Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Evan C Werlin
- Department of Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Mian Chen
- Department of Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Giorgio Mottola
- Department of Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Anuran Chatterjee
- Department of Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kevin D Lance
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Daniel A Bernards
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Brian E Sansbury
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Michael S Conte
- Department of Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang R, Dong JH. A new three-step procedure for pancreatic head carcinoma with invasion of superior mesenteric artery. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2018; 17:286-289. [PMID: 29805086 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, No.168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jia-Hong Dong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, No.168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing 102218, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li H, Chai S, Dai L, Gu C. Collagen External Scaffolds Mitigate Intimal Hyperplasia and Improve Remodeling of Vein Grafts in a Rabbit Arteriovenous Graft Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7473437. [PMID: 28503573 PMCID: PMC5414509 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7473437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of this study was to test the effects of collagen external scaffold (CES) in intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods. Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into no-graft group, graft group, and CES group. The rabbit arteriovenous graft model was established. In CES group, the vein graft was wrapped around with CES. The hemodynamic parameters of vein grafts were measured intraoperatively and 4 weeks after operation by ultrasonic examination. Histological characteristics of vein grafts were also evaluated 4 weeks later. The mRNA and protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), active cleaved-caspase-3 (ClvCasp-3), and smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) were measured 4 weeks later by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Results. CES significantly improved the hemodynamic stability of vein grafts, with higher blood velocity and blood flow. Similarly, CES also markedly mitigated intimal hyperplasia and inhibited dilatation of vein grafts. In CES group, the upexpression of PCNA and ClvCasp-3 and the downexpression of SM22α were inhibited. Conclusion. CES exerts beneficial effects in mitigating intimal hyperplasia and improving remodeling of autogenous vein grafts, which may be associated with reducing the proliferation and apoptosis and preserving the phenotype of VSMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shoudong Chai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Longsheng Dai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxiong Gu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kahraman N, Yumun G, Gücü A, Özsin KK, Taner T, Şener E, Göncü MT. Administration of perivascular cyanoacrylate for the prevention of cellular damage in saphenous vein grafts: an experimental model. Cardiovasc J Afr 2015; 27:159-163. [PMID: 26506883 PMCID: PMC5101453 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2015-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The saphenous vein is the most commonly used graft in coronary artery bypass surgery, since no suitable arterial graft is available. However, the frequency of late graft failure is a cause for research into graft protection. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of synthetic adhesive cyanoacrylate administration on the saphenous vein graft for preventing vascular damage due to internal pressure on the graft. Methods: In this study we enrolled 20 volunteer subjects who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery and who had excess saphenous vein grafts. Perivascular cyanoacrylate was administered to one of two saphenous vein grafts explanted from each patient. The other saphenous vein graft from each patient was not treated and was used as the control. A model of the arterial system was created using a saphenous vein cardiopulmonary bypass system. Circulation was maintained at 120 mmHg for 45 minutes. Afterwards, the grafts were subjected to histopathological examination. Results: The cyanoacrylate group of grafts did not develop severe vascular damage compared with many instances of moderate and severe damage due to compression in the control group of grafts (p = 0.003). Conclusion Perivascular administration of cyanoacrylate appeared to be successful in the prevention of early saphenous vein graft injury. No in vivo study has been performed to date to assess endothelial damage in the saphenous vein, in order to demonstrate the long-term effect of cyanoacrylate. Further investigations are needed in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nail Kahraman
- Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Arif Gücü
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kadir K Özsin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Temmuz Taner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ebru Şener
- Department of Pathology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet T Göncü
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|