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Bennati L, Puppini G, Giambruno V, Luciani GB, Vergara C. Image-Based Computational Fluid Dynamics to Compare Two Repair Techniques for Mitral Valve Prolapse. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03597-8. [PMID: 39120769 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE : The treatment of mitral valve prolapse involves two distinct repair techniques: chordal replacement (Neochordae technique) and leaflet resection (Resection technique). However, there is still a debate in the literature about which is the optimal one. In this context, we performed an image-based computational fluid dynamic study to evaluate blood dynamics in the two surgical techniques. METHODS : We considered a healthy subject (H) and two patients (N and R) who underwent surgery for prolapse of the posterior leaflet and were operated with the Neochordae and Resection technique, respectively. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed with prescribed motion of the entire left heart coming from cine-MRI images, with a Large Eddy Simulation model to describe the transition to turbulence and a resistive method for managing valve dynamics. We created three different virtual scenarios where the operated mitral valves were inserted in the same left heart geometry of the healthy subject to study the differences attributed only to the two techniques. RESULTS : We compared the three scenarios by quantitatively analyzing ventricular velocity patterns and pressures, transition to turbulence, and the ventricle ability to prevent thrombi formation. From these results, we found that the operative techniques affected the ventricular blood dynamics in different ways, with variations attributed to the reduced mobility of the Resection posterior leaflet. Specifically, the Resection technique resulted in turbulent forces, related with the risk of hemolysis formation, up to 640 Pa, while the other two scenarios exhibited a maximum of 240 Pa. Moreover, in correspondence of the ventricular apex, the Resection technique reduced the areas with low velocity to 15%, whereas the healthy case and the Neochordae case maintained these areas at 30 and 48%, respectively. Our findings suggest that the Neochordae technique developed a more physiological flow with respect to the Resection technique. CONCLUSION: Resection technique gives rise to a different direction of the mitral jet during diastole increasing the ability to washout the ventricular apex preventing from thrombi formation, but at the same time it promotes turbulence formation that is associated with ventricular effort and risk of hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bennati
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Ludovico Antonio Scuro 10, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Giovanni Puppini
- Department of Radiology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, Verona, 37126, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giambruno
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, Verona, 37126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Luciani
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, Verona, 37126, Italy
| | - Christian Vergara
- LaBS, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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Garzia S, Capellini K, Gasparotti E, Pizzuto D, Spinelli G, Berti S, Positano V, Celi S. Three-Dimensional Multi-Modality Registration for Orthopaedics and Cardiovascular Settings: State-of-the-Art and Clinical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1072. [PMID: 38400229 PMCID: PMC10891817 DOI: 10.3390/s24041072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The multimodal and multidomain registration of medical images have gained increasing recognition in clinical practice as a powerful tool for fusing and leveraging useful information from different imaging techniques and in different medical fields such as cardiology and orthopedics. Image registration could be a challenging process, and it strongly depends on the correct tuning of registration parameters. In this paper, the robustness and accuracy of a landmarks-based approach have been presented for five cardiac multimodal image datasets. The study is based on 3D Slicer software and it is focused on the registration of a computed tomography (CT) and 3D ultrasound time-series of post-operative mitral valve repair. The accuracy of the method, as a function of the number of landmarks used, was performed by analysing root mean square error (RMSE) and fiducial registration error (FRE) metrics. The validation of the number of landmarks resulted in an optimal number of 10 landmarks. The mean RMSE and FRE values were 5.26 ± 3.17 and 2.98 ± 1.68 mm, respectively, showing comparable performances with respect to the literature. The developed registration process was also tested on a CT orthopaedic dataset to assess the possibility of reconstructing the damaged jaw portion for a pre-operative planning setting. Overall, the proposed work shows how 3D Slicer and registration by landmarks can provide a useful environment for multimodal/unimodal registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Garzia
- BioCardioLab, Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy; (S.G.); (K.C.); (E.G.); (V.P.)
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Katia Capellini
- BioCardioLab, Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy; (S.G.); (K.C.); (E.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Emanuele Gasparotti
- BioCardioLab, Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy; (S.G.); (K.C.); (E.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Domenico Pizzuto
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Spinelli
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Sergio Berti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiology Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Positano
- BioCardioLab, Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy; (S.G.); (K.C.); (E.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Simona Celi
- BioCardioLab, Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy; (S.G.); (K.C.); (E.G.); (V.P.)
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van Kampen A, Morningstar JE, Goudot G, Ingels N, Wenk JF, Nagata Y, Yaghoubian KM, Norris RA, Borger MA, Melnitchouk S, Levine RA, Jensen MO. Utilization of Engineering Advances for Detailed Biomechanical Characterization of the Mitral-Ventricular Relationship to Optimize Repair Strategies: A Comprehensive Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:601. [PMID: 37237671 PMCID: PMC10215167 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The geometrical details and biomechanical relationships of the mitral valve-left ventricular apparatus are very complex and have posed as an area of research interest for decades. These characteristics play a major role in identifying and perfecting the optimal approaches to treat diseases of this system when the restoration of biomechanical and mechano-biological conditions becomes the main target. Over the years, engineering approaches have helped to revolutionize the field in this regard. Furthermore, advanced modelling modalities have contributed greatly to the development of novel devices and less invasive strategies. This article provides an overview and narrative of the evolution of mitral valve therapy with special focus on two diseases frequently encountered by cardiac surgeons and interventional cardiologists: ischemic and degenerative mitral regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia van Kampen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Leipzig Heart Centre, University Clinic of Cardiac Surgery, 02189 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordan E. Morningstar
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Guillaume Goudot
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Neil Ingels
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jonathan F. Wenk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA;
| | - Yasufumi Nagata
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Koushiar M. Yaghoubian
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Russell A. Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael A. Borger
- Leipzig Heart Centre, University Clinic of Cardiac Surgery, 02189 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Serguei Melnitchouk
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert A. Levine
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Morten O. Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Papadopoulos K, Ikonomidis I, Özden Ö, Tzikas A, Arampatzis CA, Vannan MA. Level of agreement between three-dimensional transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography for mitral annulus evaluation: A feasibility and comparison study. Echocardiography 2022; 39:1512-1521. [PMID: 36350103 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitral annulus assessment is of utmost importance for the management of patients with mitral valve (MV) abnormalities, as it helps to determine the decision for surgical or transcatheter treatment. Three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) has been the only reliable echocardiographic method for the evaluation of the mitral annulus by now. However, newer transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) 3D probes have enabled to provide accurate measurements as well and become a valuable tool when TOE is contraindicated. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of 3D TTE analysis of mitral annulus and the level of agreement with 3D TOE measurements. METHODS A total of 121 consecutive patients were assessed with 3D TTE and TOE. All mitral annulus parameters were retrospectively analyzed with the dedicated 4D autoMVQ application. Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient were used for the comparison and agreement between the two methods. Half of our patients had normal mitral valves and served as control group, while the other half had various mitral valve pathologies. RESULTS AutoMVQ analysis was not feasible in 11 out of 121 TTE examinations (91% feasibility) and in 4 out of 121 TOE examinations (96% feasibility). Mitral annular area and perimeter were slightly larger in TTE than those measured by TOE (12.7 ± 3.6 vs. 12.4 ± 3.2 cm2 for area and 12.7 ± 1.7 vs. 12.5 ± 1.6 cm for perimeter), however still showing strong correlation (r = .942 and r = .922, respectively). The majority of mitral valve measurements (anterior-posterior, medial-lateral and commissural diameter, aorto-mitral angle and anterior leaflet length) were similar among the two methods with strong correlation (r > .80). Inter-trigonal distance, posterior leaflet length and tenting height showed weaker agreement between TTE and TOE (r = .687, r = .687, r = .634, respectively). Mitral annular dimensions (by 3D area) were found to be significantly larger in patients with MV pathology (13.5 ± 3.5 vs. 11 ± 2.3 cm2 ), atrial fibrillation (14.4 ± 3 vs. 11.4 ± 2.8 cm2 ), left ventricular (13.8 ± 3.1 vs. 11.7 ± 3.1cm2 ) and left atrial dilatation (13 ± 3.3 vs. 10.6 ± 2.3cm2 ) compared to the individuals in the control group (p < .001 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Assessment of the MV with 3D TTE with dedicated MVQ software is feasible and accurate, showing strong correlation and agreement with TOE measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Echocardiography Laboratory, 2nd Cardiology Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Özge Özden
- Cardiology Department, Memorial Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Apostolos Tzikas
- Cardiology Department, European Interbalkan Medical center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Manni A Vannan
- Structural and Valvular Center of Excellence, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Heiser L, Gohmann RF, Noack T, Renatus K, Lurz P, Thiele H, Seitz P, Gutberlet M. CT Planning prior to Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022; 194:373-383. [PMID: 35272358 DOI: 10.1055/a-1718-4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is a treatment option for patients with therapy refractory high-grade mitral valve regurgitation and a high perioperative risk.During TMVR, the mitral annulus cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, comprehensive pre-interventional planning and a precise visualization of the patient's specific mitral valve anatomy, outflow tract anatomy and projected anchoring of the device are necessary.Aim of this review-article is, to assess the role of pre-procedural computed tomography (CT) for TMVR-planning METHODS: Screening and evaluation of relevant guidelines (European Society of Cardiology [ESC], American Heart Association [AHA/ACC]), meta-analyses and original research using the search terms "TVMR" or "TMVI" and "CT". In addition to this, the authors included insight from their own clinical experience. RESULTS CT allows for accurate measurement of the mitral annulus with high special and adequate temporal resolution in all cardiac phases. Therefore, CT represents a valuable method for accurate prosthesis-sizing.In addition to that, CT can provide information about the valvular- and outflow-tract-anatomy, mitral valve calcifications, configuration of the papillary muscles and of the left ventricle. Additionally, the interventional access-route may concomitantly be visualized. CONCLUSION CT plays, in addition to echocardiographic imaging, a central role in pre-interventional assessment prior to TMVR. Especially the precise depiction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) provides relevant additional information, which is very difficult or not possible to be acquired in their entirety with other imaging modalities. KEY POINTS · CT plays a central role in pre-interventional imaging for TMVR.. · CT-measurements allow for accurate prosthesis-sizing.. · CT provides valuable information about LVOT-anatomy, mitral calcifications and interventional access-route.. CITATION FORMAT · Heiser L, Gohmann RF, Noack T et al. CT Planning prior to Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR). Fortschr Röntgenstr 2022; DOI: 10.1055/a-1718-4182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Heiser
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robin F Gohmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thilo Noack
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Renatus
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LHI, Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LHI, Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Seitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Gutberlet
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LHI, Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany
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Palmisano A, Nicoletti V, Colantoni C, Monti CB, Pannone L, Vignale D, Darvizeh F, Agricola E, Schaffino S, De Cobelli F, Esposito A. Dynamic changes of mitral valve annulus geometry at preprocedural CT: relationship with functional classes of regurgitation. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:34. [PMID: 34386843 PMCID: PMC8360976 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated mitral valve annular geometry changes during the cardiac cycle in patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) who underwent cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) prior to percutaneous mitral valve replacement or annuloplasty. METHODS Fifty-one patients with severe MR and high surgical risk (Carpentier classification: 3 type I, 16 type II, 16 type IIIa, 16 type IIIb) underwent multiphase electrocardiographically gated (0-90%) CCTA, using a second generation dual-source CT scanner, as pre-procedural planning. Twenty-one patients without MR served as controls. The mitral valve annulus was segmented every 10% step of the R-R interval, according to the D-shaped segmentation model, and differences among groups were analysed by t-test or ANOVA. RESULTS Mitral annular area and diameters were larger in MR patients compared to controls, particularly in type II. Mitral annular area varied in MR patients throughout the cardiac cycle (mean ± standard deviation of maximum and minimum area 15.6 ± 3.9 cm2 versus 13.0 ± 3.5 cm2, respectively; p = 0.001), with greater difference between annular areas versus controls (2.59 ± 1.61 cm2 and 1.98 ± 0.6 cm2, p < 0.001). The largest dimension was found in systolic phases (20-40%) in most of MR patients (n = 27, 53%), independent of Carpentier type (I: n = 1, 33%; II: n = 10, 63%; IIIa: n = 8, 50%; IIIb: n = 8, 50%), and in protodiastolic phases (n = 14, 67%) for the control group. CONCLUSIONS In severe MR, mitral annular area varied significantly throughout the cardiac cycle, with a tendency towards larger dimensions in systole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palmisano
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Nicoletti
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Colantoni
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Beatrice Monti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Pannone
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Echocardiography Unit, School of Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Vignale
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Darvizeh
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eustachio Agricola
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Echocardiography Unit, School of Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Schaffino
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Cobelli
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Park MH, Zhu Y, Imbrie-Moore AM, Wang H, Marin-Cuartas M, Paulsen MJ, Woo YJ. Heart Valve Biomechanics: The Frontiers of Modeling Modalities and the Expansive Capabilities of Ex Vivo Heart Simulation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:673689. [PMID: 34307492 PMCID: PMC8295480 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.673689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of heart valve biomechanics is a rapidly expanding, highly clinically relevant area of research. While most valvular pathologies are rooted in biomechanical changes, the technologies for studying these pathologies and identifying treatments have largely been limited. Nonetheless, significant advancements are underway to better understand the biomechanics of heart valves, pathologies, and interventional therapeutics, and these advancements have largely been driven by crucial in silico, ex vivo, and in vivo modeling technologies. These modalities represent cutting-edge abilities for generating novel insights regarding native, disease, and repair physiologies, and each has unique advantages and limitations for advancing study in this field. In particular, novel ex vivo modeling technologies represent an especially promising class of translatable research that leverages the advantages from both in silico and in vivo modeling to provide deep quantitative and qualitative insights on valvular biomechanics. The frontiers of this work are being discovered by innovative research groups that have used creative, interdisciplinary approaches toward recapitulating in vivo physiology, changing the landscape of clinical understanding and practice for cardiovascular surgery and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Park
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yuanjia Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Annabel M Imbrie-Moore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mateo Marin-Cuartas
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael J Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Addetia K, Lang RM. Beat-to-beat variability occurs not only in atrial fibrillation: clinical value of dynamic assessment of the mitral and tricuspid annulus. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021:jeab110. [PMID: 34160052 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Addetia
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, University of Chicago Medicine, 5758 South Maryland Ave. MC9067, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Roberto M Lang
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, University of Chicago Medicine, 5758 South Maryland Ave. MC9067, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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9
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Lawrie G, Zoghbi W, Little S, Shah D, Earle N, Earle E. One Hundred Percent Reparability of Mitral Prolapse: Results of a Dynamic Nonresectional Technique. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 112:1921-1928. [PMID: 33497666 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the results of a dynamic mitral repair technique that preserves normal mitral valve function by avoiding leaflet resection and rigid and semirigid annuloplasty rings. METHODS In previous reports we demonstrated that intraoperative simulation of mitral valve locking and isovolumic systole by rapid left ventricular inflation with pressurized saline accurately simulates mitral annular and leaflet shape and position, and left ventricular outflow tract dimensions. Length of polytetrafluoroethylene neochordae and size of fully flexible adjustable annuloplasty ring can be adjusted in three dimensions for accurate apposition of zones of leaflet coaptation, premarked with dots. We followed 1068 consecutive patients after repairs performed between 2001 and 2018. RESULTS Of the 1068 patients, 674 were men (63.1%). Mean age was 62.25 ± 13 years. Leaflet repaired was anterior in 118 patients (11.05%), posterior in 564 (52.81%), both in 55 (5.15%), and neither in 123 (11.5%). Barlow's disease was present in 208 patients (19.48%). Repair was isolated in 82.5% (881 of 1068). Reparability was 100%. Perioperative mortality overall was 1.59% (17 of 1068): isolated repair, 1.14% (10 of 881); and isolated posterior leaflet, 0.85% (4 of 472). Leaflet systolic anterior motion occurred in 1.7% (18 of 1068), and was significant in 0.4% (4 of 1068). Survival at 10 years by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 74.65%, freedom from reoperation was 96.01%, and freedom from severe mitral regurgitation was 94%. The only predictor of reoperation (Cox analysis) was being male (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Use of intraoperative simulation of mitral dynamics led to 100% reparability for degenerative valves with minimal systolic anterior motion, despite no leaflet resection. Long-term durability has been good and similar for all leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Lawrie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
| | - William Zoghbi
- Department of Cardiology, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen Little
- Department of Cardiology, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Dipan Shah
- Department of Cardiology, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Nan Earle
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Earle
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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10
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Surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation. Curr Opin Cardiol 2020; 35:491-499. [PMID: 32740446 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitral repair is the best treatment for degenerative mitral regurgitation. Many patients are referred too late for optimal outcomes. The US repair vs. replacement rate is only 60-80%, at a time when the inferiority of replacement has been established. Therefore, widely used traditional techniques of repair are being reappraised. RECENT FINDINGS Identification of risk factors predictive of poor early and late outcome have improved timing for surgical referral. Composite risk scores have been developed. Novel echocardiographic, cardiac MRI, and molecular level risk factors could improve timing. Analysis of factors contributing to low repair rates is also of critical importance. The role of institutional and surgeon volumes have been identified. More detailed data on the importance of dynamic function of the mitral valve have led to improved repair techniques such as intraoperative simulation of end diastole and early systole, use of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene neochords instead of leaflet resection, and dynamic instead of rigid annuloplasty. SUMMARY Our perception of mitral regurgitation has changed from a seemingly simple condition to one of considerable complexity at multiple levels. National guidelines should be studied and followed.
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Caballero A, Mao W, McKay R, Hahn RT, Sun W. A Comprehensive Engineering Analysis of Left Heart Dynamics After MitraClip in a Functional Mitral Regurgitation Patient. Front Physiol 2020; 11:432. [PMID: 32457650 PMCID: PMC7221026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve (MV) repair using MitraClip has been recently established as a treatment option for patients with heart failure and functional mitral regurgitation (MR), which significantly expands the number of patients that can be treated with this device. This study aimed to quantify the morphologic, hemodynamic and structural changes, and evaluate the biomechanical interaction between the MitraClip and the left heart (LH) complex of a heart failure patient with functional MR using a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling framework. MitraClip implantation using lateral, central and double clip positions, as well as combined annuloplasty procedures were simulated in a patient-specific LH model that integrates detailed anatomic structures, incorporates age- and gender-matched non-linear elastic material properties, and accounts for mitral chordae tethering. Our results showed that antero-posterior distance, mitral annulus spherecity index, anatomic regurgitant orifice area, and anatomic opening orifice area decreased by up to 28, 39, 52, and 71%, respectively, when compared to the pre-clip model. MitraClip implantation immediately decreased the MR severity and improved the hemodynamic profile, but imposed a non-physiologic configuration and loading on the mitral apparatus, with anterior and posterior leaflet stress significantly increasing up to 210 and 145% during diastole, respectively. For this patient case, while implanting a combined central clip and ring resulted in the highest reduction in the regurgitant volume (46%), this configuration also led to mitral stenosis. Patient-specific computer simulations as used here can be a powerful tool to examine the complex device-host biomechanical interaction, and may be useful to guide device positioning for potential favorable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caballero
- Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wenbin Mao
- Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Raymond McKay
- Division of Cardiology, The Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Rebecca T. Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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