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Rajiv Gandhi G, Sharanya CS, Jayanandan A, Haridas M, Edwin Hillary V, Rajiv Gandhi S, Sridharan G, Sivasubramanian R, Silva Vasconcelos AB, Montalvão MM, Antony Ceasar S, Sousa NFD, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Gurgel RQ, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Multitargeted molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies of flavonoids and volatile components from the peel of Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck) against specific tumor protein markers. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3051-3080. [PMID: 37203996 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2212062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae), commonly known as the sweet orange, is a popular and widely consumed fruit with several medicinal properties. The present study aimed to perform the in silico screening of 18 flavonoids and eight volatile components from the peel of C. sinensis against apoptotic and inflammatory proteins, metalloprotease, and tumor suppressor markers. Flavonoids obtained higher probabilities than volatile components against selected anti-cancer drug targets. Hence, the data from the binding energies against the essential apoptotic and cell proliferation proteins substantiate that they may be promising compounds in developing effective candidates to block cell growth, proliferation, and induced cell death by activating the apoptotic pathway. Further, the binding stability of the selected targets and the corresponding molecules were analyzed by 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Chlorogenic acid has the most binding affinity against the important anti-cancer targets iNOS, MMP-9, and p53. The congruent binding mode to different drug targets focused on cancer shown by chlorogenic acid suggests that it may be a compound with significant therapeutic potential. Moreover, the binding energy predictions indicated that the compound had stable electrostatic and van der Waal energies. Thus, our data reinforce the medicinal importance of flavonoids from C. sinensis and expand the need for more studies, seeking to optimize results and amplify the impacts of further in vitro and in vivo studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Kochi, India
| | - Chelankara Suresh Sharanya
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Kochi, India
| | - Abhithaj Jayanandan
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Kannur University, Thalassery, Kannur, India
| | - Madathilkovilakath Haridas
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Kannur University, Thalassery, Kannur, India
| | - Varghese Edwin Hillary
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Kochi, India
| | - Sathiyabama Rajiv Gandhi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology (DFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe (HU-UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Gurunagarajan Sridharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Rengaraju Sivasubramanian
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Martins Montalvão
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe (HU-UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Kochi, India
| | - Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe (HU-UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology (DFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe (HU-UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Meitinger F, Belal H, Davis RL, Martinez MB, Shiau AK, Oegema K, Desai A. Control of cell proliferation by memories of mitosis. Science 2024; 383:1441-1448. [PMID: 38547292 DOI: 10.1126/science.add9528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitotic duration is tightly constrained, and extended mitosis is characteristic of problematic cells prone to chromosome missegregation and genomic instability. We show here that mitotic extension leads to the formation of p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1)-ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28)-p53 protein complexes that are transmitted to, and stably retained by, daughter cells. Complexes assembled through a Polo-like kinase 1-dependent mechanism during extended mitosis and elicited a p53 response in G1 that prevented the proliferation of the progeny of cells that experienced an approximately threefold extended mitosis or successive less extended mitoses. The ability to monitor mitotic extension was lost in p53-mutant cancers and some p53-wild-type (p53-WT) cancers, consistent with classification of TP53BP1 and USP28 as tumor suppressors. Cancers retaining the ability to monitor mitotic extension exhibited sensitivity to antimitotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Meitinger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hazrat Belal
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Robert L Davis
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mallory B Martinez
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew K Shiau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Miller KN, Li B, Pierce-Hoffman HR, Lei X, Havas AP, Patel S, Macip CC, Victorelli SG, Woo SH, Lagnado AB, Liu T, Dasgupta N, Lyu J, Altman Y, Porritt RA, Garcia G, Mogler C, Dou Z, Chen C, Passos JF, Adams PD. A mitochondria-regulated p53-CCF circuit integrates genome integrity with inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567963. [PMID: 38045344 PMCID: PMC10690201 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability and inflammation are distinct hallmarks of aging, but the connection between them is poorly understood. Understanding their interrelationship will help unravel new mechanisms and therapeutic targets of aging and age-associated diseases. Here we report a novel mechanism directly linking genomic instability and inflammation in senescent cells, through a mitochondria-regulated molecular circuit that connects the p53 tumor suppressor and cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCF), a driver of inflammation through the cGAS-STING pathway. Activation or inactivation of p53 by genetic and pharmacologic approaches showed that p53 suppresses CCF accumulation and the downstream inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), independent of its effects on cell cycle arrest. p53 activation suppressed CCF formation by promoting DNA repair, reflected in maintenance of genomic integrity, particularly in subtelomeric regions, as shown by single cell genome resequencing. Activation of p53 by pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 in old mice decreased features of SASP in liver, indicating a senomorphic role in vivo . Remarkably, mitochondria in senescent cells suppressed p53 activity by promoting CCF formation and thereby restricting ATM-dependent nuclear DNA damage signaling. These data provide evidence for a mitochondria-regulated p53-CCF circuit in senescent cells that controls DNA repair, genome integrity and inflammatory SASP, and is a potential target for senomorphic healthy aging interventions.
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Wang YL, Zhao WW, Shi J, Wan XB, Zheng J, Fan XJ. Liquid-liquid phase separation in DNA double-strand breaks repair. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:746. [PMID: 37968256 PMCID: PMC10651886 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the fatal type of DNA damage mostly induced by exposure genome to ionizing radiation or genotoxic chemicals. DSBs are mainly repaired by homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). To repair DSBs, a large amount of DNA repair factors was observed to be concentrated at the end of DSBs in a specific spatiotemporal manner to form a repair center. Recently, this repair center was characterized as a condensate derived from liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of key DSBs repair factors. LLPS has been found to be the mechanism of membraneless organelles formation and plays key roles in a variety of biological processes. In this review, the recent advances and mechanisms of LLPS in the formation of DSBs repair-related condensates are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Wan-Wen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Xiang-Bo Wan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China
| | - Xin-Juan Fan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China.
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China.
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China.
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, PR China.
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Roterman I, Stapor K, Konieczny L. Engagement of intrinsic disordered proteins in protein-protein interaction. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1230922. [PMID: 37583961 PMCID: PMC10423874 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1230922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins from the intrinsically disordered group (IDP) focus the attention of many researchers engaged in protein structure analysis. The main criteria used in their identification are lack of secondary structure and significant structural variability. This variability takes forms that cannot be identified in the X-ray technique. In the present study, different criteria were used to assess the status of IDP proteins and their fragments recognized as intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). The status of the hydrophobic core in proteins identified as IDPs and in their complexes was assessed. The status of IDRs as components of the ordering structure resulting from the construction of the hydrophobic core was also assessed. The hydrophobic core is understood as a structure encompassing the entire molecule in the form of a centrally located high concentration of hydrophobicity and a shell with a gradually decreasing level of hydrophobicity until it reaches a level close to zero on the protein surface. It is a model assuming that the protein folding process follows a micellization pattern aiming at exposing polar residues on the surface, with the simultaneous isolation of hydrophobic amino acids from the polar aquatic environment. The use of the model of hydrophobicity distribution in proteins in the form of the 3D Gaussian distribution described on the protein particle introduces the possibility of assessing the degree of similarity to the assumed micelle-like distribution and also enables the identification of deviations and mismatch between the actual distribution and the idealized distribution. The FOD (fuzzy oil drop) model and its modified FOD-M version allow for the quantitative assessment of these differences and the assessment of the relationship of these areas to the protein function. In the present work, the sections of IDRs in protein complexes classified as IDPs are analyzed. The classification "disordered" in the structural sense (lack of secondary structure or high flexibility) does not always entail a mismatch with the structure of the hydrophobic core. Particularly, the interface area, often consisting of IDRs, in many analyzed complexes shows the compliance of the hydrophobicity distribution with the idealized distribution, which proves that matching to the structure of the hydrophobic core does not require secondary structure ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Roterman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stapor
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Automatic, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Leszek Konieczny
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Peña-Guerrero J, Fernández-Rubio C, García-Sosa AT, Nguewa PA. BRCT Domains: Structure, Functions, and Implications in Disease-New Therapeutic Targets for Innovative Drug Discovery against Infections. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1839. [PMID: 37514027 PMCID: PMC10386641 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new therapeutic targets and their implications in drug development remains an emerging scientific topic. BRCT-bearing proteins are found in Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya, and viruses. They are traditionally involved in DNA repair, recombination, and cell cycle control. To carry out these functions, BRCT domains are able to interact with DNA and proteins. Moreover, such domains are also implicated in several pathogenic processes and malignancies including breast, ovarian, and lung cancer. Although these domains exhibit moderately conserved folding, their sequences show very low conservation. Interestingly, sequence variations among species are considered positive traits in the search for suitable therapeutic targets, since non-specific drug interactions might be reduced. These main characteristics of BRCT, as well as its critical implications in key biological processes in the cell, have prompted the study of these domains as therapeutic targets. This review explores the possible roles of BRCT domains as therapeutic targets for drug discovery. We describe their common structural features and relevant interactions and pathways, as well as their implications in pathologic processes. Drugs commonly used to target these domains are also presented. Finally, based on their structures, we describe new drug design possibilities using modern and innovative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Peña-Guerrero
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), E-31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Celia Fernández-Rubio
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), E-31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alfonso T García-Sosa
- Chair of Molecular Technology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paul A Nguewa
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), E-31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Osipov A, Chigasova A, Yashkina E, Ignatov M, Fedotov Y, Molodtsova D, Vorobyeva N, Osipov AN. Residual Foci of DNA Damage Response Proteins in Relation to Cellular Senescence and Autophagy in X-Ray Irradiated Fibroblasts. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081209. [PMID: 37190118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair (DNA damage) foci observed 24 h and later after irradiation are called "residual" in the literature. They are believed to be the repair sites for complex, potentially lethal DNA double strand breaks. However, the features of their post-radiation dose-dependent quantitative changes and their role in the processes of cell death and senescence are still insufficiently studied. For the first time in one work, a simultaneous study of the association of changes in the number of residual foci of key DNA damage response (DDR) proteins (γH2AX, pATM, 53BP1, p-p53), the proportion of caspase-3 positive, LC-3 II autophagic and SA-β-gal senescent cells was carried out 24-72 h after fibroblast irradiation with X-rays at doses of 1-10 Gy. It was shown that with an increase in time after irradiation from 24 h to 72 h, the number of residual foci and the proportion of caspase-3 positive cells decrease, while the proportion of senescent cells, on the contrary, increases. The highest number of autophagic cells was noted 48 h after irradiation. In general, the results obtained provide important information for understanding the dynamics of the development of a dose-dependent cellular response in populations of irradiated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Chigasova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Yashkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Ignatov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy Fedotov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Molodtsova
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
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Wang H, Guo M, Wei H, Chen Y. Targeting p53 pathways: mechanisms, structures, and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:92. [PMID: 36859359 PMCID: PMC9977964 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently altered gene in human cancers, and has been a major focus of oncology research. The p53 protein is a transcription factor that can activate the expression of multiple target genes and plays critical roles in regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and genomic stability, and is widely regarded as the "guardian of the genome". Accumulating evidence has shown that p53 also regulates cell metabolism, ferroptosis, tumor microenvironment, autophagy and so on, all of which contribute to tumor suppression. Mutations in TP53 not only impair its tumor suppressor function, but also confer oncogenic properties to p53 mutants. Since p53 is mutated and inactivated in most malignant tumors, it has been a very attractive target for developing new anti-cancer drugs. However, until recently, p53 was considered an "undruggable" target and little progress has been made with p53-targeted therapies. Here, we provide a systematic review of the diverse molecular mechanisms of the p53 signaling pathway and how TP53 mutations impact tumor progression. We also discuss key structural features of the p53 protein and its inactivation by oncogenic mutations. In addition, we review the efforts that have been made in p53-targeted therapies, and discuss the challenges that have been encountered in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Wang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Razak S, Asharf NM, Abbas H, Shaheen G, Ahmad W, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Shabbir M, Shafique H, Jahan S. Mutation pattern of cancer suppressor p53 gene in factory workers exposed to polypropylene and impact on their reproductive hormones. J Gene Med 2023:e3483. [PMID: 36786034 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer playing the role of an endocrine disruptor that interferes with the union, emission, transport or elimination of normal hormones. Epidemiological information indicated the relation of endocrine-disturbing chemicals with prostate cancer, testis tumor and diminished fertility. p53 is a key tumor silencer gene. The present study aimed to evaluate luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and the risk of p53 mutations as a result of exposure to polypropylene in non-tumorous adult male factory workers. METHODS In total, 150 (controls = 35, workers = 115) subjects were recruited. Groups were maintained according to the tenure of exposure G1 (1-5 years), G2 (6-10 years), G3 (11-15 years) and G4 (16-20 years). Concentrations of LH and FSH were determined through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genotyping analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction based gel electrophoresis followed by DNA sequencing. The structural and functional impact of the mutation on the p53 structure was evaluated using 50-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and protein-DNA docking. RESULTS Mean plasma LH levels were significantly decreased in G1 (p > 0.05) as well as the G2, G3 and G4 (p > 0.001) groups. Similarly, FSH levels were significant decrease in G1 (p > 0.05), G2 (p > 0.01), G3 (p > 0.001) and G4 (p > 0.001) compared to the control group. Sequencing results found three variants i.e. g.13450 T>G, g.13430C>T and g.13737G>A. One of them was predicted to be disease-causing others are polymorphisms. MD simulation of missense mutation R273H showed no structural impact on the protein structure in MD simulation, but it resulted in weaker binding of p53 with the DNA that might lower the gene expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. CONCLUSIONS These findings predict decreased fertility and risk of malignancies in the future. The spectrum of p53 mutations as a result of polypropylene exposure in the Pakistani population has not been investigated before. Further studies and meta-analyses are required to elucidate the role of different plasticizers in reproduction and cancer-causing risk factors in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Mahmood Asharf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Abbas
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Shaheen
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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Rass E, Willaume S, Bertrand P. 53BP1: Keeping It under Control, Even at a Distance from DNA Damage. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122390. [PMID: 36553657 PMCID: PMC9778356 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are toxic lesions that can be generated by exposure to genotoxic agents or during physiological processes, such as during V(D)J recombination. The repair of these DSBs is crucial to prevent genomic instability and to maintain cellular homeostasis. Two main pathways participate in repairing DSBs, namely, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). The P53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) plays a pivotal role in the choice of DSB repair mechanism, promotes checkpoint activation and preserves genome stability upon DSBs. By preventing DSB end resection, 53BP1 promotes NHEJ over HR. Nonetheless, the balance between DSB repair pathways remains crucial, as unscheduled NHEJ or HR events at different phases of the cell cycle may lead to genomic instability. Therefore, the recruitment of 53BP1 to chromatin is tightly regulated and has been widely studied. However, less is known about the mechanism regulating 53BP1 recruitment at a distance from the DNA damage. The present review focuses on the mechanism of 53BP1 recruitment to damage and on recent studies describing novel mechanisms keeping 53BP1 at a distance from DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Rass
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Simon Willaume
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pascale Bertrand
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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11
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Lei T, Du S, Peng Z, Chen L. Multifaceted regulation and functions of 53BP1 in NHEJ‑mediated DSB repair (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:90. [PMID: 35583003 PMCID: PMC9162042 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for the preservation of genomic integrity and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant repair mechanism for any type of DNA DSB during the majority of the cell cycle. NHEJ defects regulate tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation and anti-neoplastic agents, resulting in immunodeficiencies and developmental abnormalities in malignant cells. p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is a key mediator involved in DSB repair, which functions to maintain a balance in the repair pathway choices and in preserving genomic stability. 53BP1 promotes DSB repair via NHEJ and antagonizes DNA end overhang resection. At present, novel lines of evidence have revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment of 53BP1 and DNA break-responsive effectors to DSB sites, and the promotion of NHEJ-mediated DSB repair via 53BP1, while preventing homologous recombination. In the present review article, recent advances made in the elucidation of the structural and functional characteristics of 53BP1, the mechanisms of 53BP1 recruitment and interaction with the reshaping of the chromatin architecture around DSB sites, the post-transcriptional modifications of 53BP1, and the up- and downstream pathways of 53BP1 are discussed. The present review article also focuses on the application perspectives, current challenges and future directions of 53BP1 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
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12
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Kristofova M, Ori A, Wang ZQ. Multifaceted Microcephaly-Related Gene MCPH1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020275. [PMID: 35053391 PMCID: PMC8774270 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MCPH1, or BRIT1, is often mutated in human primary microcephaly type 1, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a smaller brain size at birth, due to its dysfunction in regulating the proliferation and self-renewal of neuroprogenitor cells. In the last 20 years or so, genetic and cellular studies have identified MCPH1 as a multifaceted protein in various cellular functions, including DNA damage signaling and repair, the regulation of chromosome condensation, cell-cycle progression, centrosome activity and the metabolism. Yet, genetic and animal model studies have revealed an unpredicted essential function of MPCH1 in gonad development and tumorigenesis, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. These studies have begun to shed light on the role of MPCH1 in controlling various pathobiological processes of the disorder. Here, we summarize the biological functions of MCPH1, and lessons learnt from cellular and mouse models of MCPH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kristofova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Bachstrasse 18k, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-656415; Fax: +49-3641-656335
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13
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p53 Forms Redox-Dependent Protein-Protein Interactions through Cysteine 277. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101578. [PMID: 34679713 PMCID: PMC8533633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible cysteine oxidation plays an essential role in redox signaling by reversibly altering protein structure and function. Cysteine oxidation may lead to intra- and intermolecular disulfide formation, and the latter can drastically stabilize protein–protein interactions in a more oxidizing milieu. The activity of the tumor suppressor p53 is regulated at multiple levels, including various post-translational modification (PTM) and protein–protein interactions. In the past few decades, p53 has been shown to be a redox-sensitive protein, and undergoes reversible cysteine oxidation both in vitro and in vivo. It is not clear, however, whether p53 also forms intermolecular disulfides with interacting proteins and whether these redox-dependent interactions contribute to the regulation of p53. In the present study, by combining (co-)immunoprecipitation, quantitative mass spectrometry and Western blot we found that p53 forms disulfide-dependent interactions with several proteins under oxidizing conditions. Cysteine 277 is required for most of the disulfide-dependent interactions of p53, including those with 14-3-3θ and 53BP1. These interaction partners may play a role in fine-tuning p53 activity under oxidizing conditions.
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14
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Parnandi N, Rendo V, Cui G, Botuyan MV, Remisova M, Nguyen H, Drané P, Beroukhim R, Altmeyer M, Mer G, Chowdhury D. TIRR inhibits the 53BP1-p53 complex to alter cell-fate programs. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2583-2595.e6. [PMID: 33961797 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
53BP1 influences genome stability via two independent mechanisms: (1) regulating DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and (2) enhancing p53 activity. We discovered a protein, Tudor-interacting repair regulator (TIRR), that associates with the 53BP1 Tudor domain and prevents its recruitment to DSBs. Here, we elucidate how TIRR affects 53BP1 function beyond its recruitment to DSBs and biochemically links the two distinct roles of 53BP1. Loss of TIRR causes an aberrant increase in the gene transactivation function of p53, affecting several p53-mediated cell-fate programs. TIRR inhibits the complex formation between the Tudor domain of 53BP1 and a dimethylated form of p53 (K382me2) that is poised for transcriptional activation of its target genes. TIRR mRNA expression levels negatively correlate with the expression of key p53 target genes in breast and prostate cancers. Further, TIRR loss is selectively not tolerated in p53-proficient tumors. Therefore, we establish that TIRR is an important inhibitor of the 53BP1-p53 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Parnandi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Veronica Rendo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Michaela Remisova
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pascal Drané
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georges Mer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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15
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Discovery of a novel 53BP1 inhibitor through AlphaScreen-based high-throughput screening. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 34:116054. [PMID: 33571875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), a tantem tudor domain (TTD) protein, takes part in DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathways through the specific recognition of lysine methylation on histones. The dysregulation of 53BP1 is closely related to the development of many diseases including cancer. Moreover, recent studies found that deficiency of 53BP1 could increase the efficiency of precise CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Thus, discovery of inhibitor is beneficial to the study of biological functions of 53BP1 and the application of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. UNC2170 and its derivatives have been reported as 53BP1 targeted small molecular inhibitors with modest activities. Hence, to discover better 53BP1 inhibitors, we conducted an AlphaScreen assay based high-throughput screening (HTS) and identified a novel and effective 53BP1-TTD inhibitor DP308 which disrupts the binding between 53BP1 and H4K20me2 peptide with an IC50 value of 1.69 ± 0.73 μM. Both Microscale Themophoresis (MST) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) assays confirmed the direct binding between DP308 and 53BP1-TTD protein with binding affinity (Kd) of about 2.7 μM. Molecular docking studies further suggested that DP308 possibly occupies the H4K20me2 binding pocket of the 53BP1-TTD aromatic cage. These results demonstrated that DP308 is a promising small molecule inhibitor for further optimization towards a more potent chemical probe of 53BP1. Additionally, it could be a potential valuable tool for applying to gene editing therapy by increasing the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.
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16
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Panigrahi R, Glover JNM. Structural insights into DNA double-strand break signaling. Biochem J 2021; 478:135-156. [PMID: 33439989 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genomic integrity is most threatened by double-strand breaks, which, if left unrepaired, lead to carcinogenesis or cell death. The cell generates a network of protein-protein signaling interactions that emanate from the DNA damage which are now recognized as a rich basis for anti-cancer therapy development. Deciphering the structures of signaling proteins has been an uphill task owing to their large size and complex domain organization. Recent advances in mammalian protein expression/purification and cryo-EM-based structure determination have led to significant progress in our understanding of these large multidomain proteins. This review is an overview of the structural principles that underlie some of the key signaling proteins that function at the double-strand break site. We also discuss some plausible ideas that could be considered for future structural approaches to visualize and build a more complete understanding of protein dynamics at the break site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Panigrahi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - J N Mark Glover
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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17
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Zhang J, Yan Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Guo X, Jing J, Dong X, Dong S, Liu X, Yu X, Wu C. Cancer-associated 53BP1 mutations induce DNA damage repair defects. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:43-54. [PMID: 33359708 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
TP53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) plays an important role in DNA damage repair and maintaining genomic stability. However, the mutations of 53BP1 in human cancers have not been systematically examined. Here, we have analyzed 541 somatic mutations of 53BP1 across 34 types of human cancer from databases of The Cancer Genome Atlas, International Cancer Genome Consortium and Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer. Among these cancer-associated 53BP1 mutations, truncation mutations disrupt the nuclear localization of 53BP1 thus abolish its biological functions in DNA damage repair. Moreover, with biochemical analyses and structural modeling, we have examined the detailed molecular mechanism by which missense mutations in the key domains causes the DNA damage repair defects. Taken together, our results reveal the functional defects of a set of cancer-associated 53BP1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Yaguang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Ju Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangnan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Shasha Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
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18
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Pessina F, Gioia U, Brandi O, Farina S, Ceccon M, Francia S, d'Adda di Fagagna F. DNA Damage Triggers a New Phase in Neurodegeneration. Trends Genet 2020; 37:337-354. [PMID: 33020022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Subcellular compartmentalization contributes to the organization of a plethora of molecular events occurring within cells. This can be achieved in membraneless organelles generated through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a demixing process that separates and concentrates cellular reactions. RNA is often a critical factor in mediating LLPS. Recent evidence indicates that DNA damage response foci are membraneless structures formed via LLPS and modulated by noncoding transcripts synthesized at DNA damage sites. Neurodegeneration is often associated with DNA damage, and dysfunctional LLPS events can lead to the formation of toxic aggregates. In this review, we discuss those gene products involved in neurodegeneration that undergo LLPS and their involvement in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pessina
- IFOM Foundation - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Gioia
- IFOM Foundation - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Ornella Brandi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza' CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Farina
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza' CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy; University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Ceccon
- IFOM Foundation - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Francia
- IFOM Foundation - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto di Genetica Molecolare 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza' CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM Foundation - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto di Genetica Molecolare 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza' CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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19
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DNA damage response signaling pathways and targets for radiotherapy sensitization in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:60. [PMID: 32355263 PMCID: PMC7192953 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most common countermeasures for treating a wide range of tumors. However, the radioresistance of cancer cells is still a major limitation for radiotherapy applications. Efforts are continuously ongoing to explore sensitizing targets and develop radiosensitizers for improving the outcomes of radiotherapy. DNA double-strand breaks are the most lethal lesions induced by ionizing radiation and can trigger a series of cellular DNA damage responses (DDRs), including those helping cells recover from radiation injuries, such as the activation of DNA damage sensing and early transduction pathways, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. Obviously, these protective DDRs confer tumor radioresistance. Targeting DDR signaling pathways has become an attractive strategy for overcoming tumor radioresistance, and some important advances and breakthroughs have already been achieved in recent years. On the basis of comprehensively reviewing the DDR signal pathways, we provide an update on the novel and promising druggable targets emerging from DDR pathways that can be exploited for radiosensitization. We further discuss recent advances identified from preclinical studies, current clinical trials, and clinical application of chemical inhibitors targeting key DDR proteins, including DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit), ATM/ATR (ataxia–telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related), the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex, the PARP (poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase) family, MDC1, Wee1, LIG4 (ligase IV), CDK1, BRCA1 (BRCA1 C terminal), CHK1, and HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1). Challenges for ionizing radiation-induced signal transduction and targeted therapy are also discussed based on recent achievements in the biological field of radiotherapy.
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20
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Abstract
In this review, Mirman et al. summarize the current understanding of the role of 53BP1 in DSB repair at deprotected telomeres, in class switch recombination in the immune system, and in the context of PARPi-treated BRCA1-deficient cells. They argue that the primary function of 53BP1 is not to regulate the choice between c-NHEJ and HDR, but to ensure the fidelity of DSB repair, a function that is corrupted in diseases where DNA repair is rewired. 53BP1 is an enigmatic DNA damage response factor that gained prominence because it determines the efficacy of PARP1 inhibitory drugs (PARPi) in BRCA1-deficient cancers. Recent studies have elevated 53BP1 from its modest status of (yet another) DNA damage factor to master regulator of double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway choice. Our review of the literature suggests an alternative view. We propose that 53BP1 has evolved to avoid mutagenic repair outcomes and does so by controlling the processing of DNA ends and the dynamics of DSBs. The consequences of 53BP1 deficiency, such as diminished PARPi efficacy in BRCA1-deficient cells and altered repair of damaged telomeres, can be explained from this viewpoint. We further propose that some of the fidelity functions of 53BP1 coevolved with class switch recombination (CSR) in the immune system. We speculate that, rather than being deterministic in DSB repair pathway choice, 53BP1 functions as a DSB escort that guards against illegitimate and potentially tumorigenic recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Mirman
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Titia de Lange
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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21
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Ho T, Tan BX, Lane D. How the Other Half Lives: What p53 Does When It Is Not Being a Transcription Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010013. [PMID: 31861395 PMCID: PMC6982169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been four decades since the discovery of p53, the designated ‘Guardian of the Genome’. P53 is primarily known as a master transcription factor and critical tumor suppressor, with countless studies detailing the mechanisms by which it regulates a host of gene targets and their consequent signaling pathways. However, transcription-independent functions of p53 also strongly define its tumor-suppressive capabilities and recent findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms hinted at by earlier efforts. This review highlights the transcription-independent mechanisms by which p53 influences the cellular response to genomic instability (in the form of replication stress, centrosome homeostasis, and transposition) and cell death. We also pinpoint areas for further investigation in order to better understand the context dependency of p53 transcription-independent functions and how these are perturbed when TP53 is mutated in human cancer.
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22
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Distinct associations of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad9 protein link Mac1-regulated transcription to DNA repair. Curr Genet 2019; 66:531-548. [PMID: 31784768 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While it is known that ScRad9 DNA damage checkpoint protein is recruited to damaged DNA by recognizing specific histone modifications, here we report a different way of Rad9 recruitment on chromatin under non DNA damaging conditions. We found Rad9 to bind directly with the copper-modulated transcriptional activator Mac1, suppressing both its DNA binding and transactivation functions. Rad9 was recruited to active Mac1-target promoters (CTR1, FRE1) and along CTR1 coding region following the association pattern of RNA polymerase (Pol) II. Hir1 histone chaperone also interacted directly with Rad9 and was partly required for its localization throughout CTR1 gene. Moreover, Mac1-dependent transcriptional initiation was necessary and sufficient for Rad9 recruitment to the heterologous ACT1 coding region. In addition to Rad9, Rad53 kinase also localized to CTR1 coding region in a Rad9-dependent manner. Our data provide an example of a yeast DNA-binding transcriptional activator that interacts directly with a DNA damage checkpoint protein in vivo and is functionally restrained by this protein, suggesting a new role for Rad9 in connecting factors of the transcription machinery with the DNA repair pathway under unchallenged conditions.
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Deshpande I, Keusch JJ, Challa K, Iesmantavicius V, Gasser SM, Gut H. The Sir4 H-BRCT domain interacts with phospho-proteins to sequester and repress yeast heterochromatin. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101744. [PMID: 31515872 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the silent information regulator (SIR) proteins Sir2/3/4 form a complex that suppresses transcription in subtelomeric regions and at the homothallic mating-type (HM) loci. Here, we identify a non-canonical BRCA1 C-terminal domain (H-BRCT) in Sir4, which is responsible for tethering telomeres to the nuclear periphery. We show that Sir4 H-BRCT and the closely related Dbf4 H-BRCT serve as selective phospho-epitope recognition domains that bind to a variety of phosphorylated target peptides. We present detailed structural information about the binding mode of established Sir4 interactors (Esc1, Ty5, Ubp10) and identify several novel interactors of Sir4 H-BRCT, including the E3 ubiquitin ligase Tom1. Based on these findings, we propose a phospho-peptide consensus motif for interaction with Sir4 H-BRCT and Dbf4 H-BRCT. Ablation of the Sir4 H-BRCT phospho-peptide interaction disrupts SIR-mediated repression and perinuclear localization. In conclusion, the Sir4 H-BRCT domain serves as a hub for recruitment of phosphorylated target proteins to heterochromatin to properly regulate silencing and nuclear order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Deshpande
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy J Keusch
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kiran Challa
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Susan M Gasser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Gut
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Pradhan MR, Siau JW, Kannan S, Nguyen MN, Ouaray Z, Kwoh CK, Lane DP, Ghadessy F, Verma CS. Simulations of mutant p53 DNA binding domains reveal a novel druggable pocket. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1637-1652. [PMID: 30649466 PMCID: PMC6393305 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA binding domain (DBD) of the tumor suppressor p53 is the site of several oncogenic mutations. A subset of these mutations lowers the unfolding temperature of the DBD. Unfolding leads to the exposure of a hydrophobic β-strand and nucleates aggregation which results in pathologies through loss of function and dominant negative/gain of function effects. Inspired by the hypothesis that structural changes that are associated with events initiating unfolding in DBD are likely to present opportunities for inhibition, we investigate the dynamics of the wild type (WT) and some aggregating mutants through extensive all atom explicit solvent MD simulations. Simulations reveal differential conformational sampling between the WT and the mutants of a turn region (S6-S7) that is contiguous to a known aggregation-prone region (APR). The conformational properties of the S6-S7 turn appear to be modulated by a network of interacting residues. We speculate that changes that take place in this network as a result of the mutational stress result in the events that destabilize the DBD and initiate unfolding. These perturbations also result in the emergence of a novel pocket that appears to have druggable characteristics. FDA approved drugs are computationally screened against this pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan R Pradhan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671.,School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Jia Wei Siau
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Minh N Nguyen
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Zohra Ouaray
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671.,School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Chee Keong Kwoh
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - David P Lane
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Farid Ghadessy
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671.,Department of Biological sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.,School of Biological sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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25
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Kilic S, Lezaja A, Gatti M, Bianco E, Michelena J, Imhof R, Altmeyer M. Phase separation of 53BP1 determines liquid-like behavior of DNA repair compartments. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101379. [PMID: 31267591 PMCID: PMC6694294 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) generates transient repair compartments to concentrate repair proteins and activate signaling factors. The physicochemical properties of these spatially confined compartments and their function remain poorly understood. Here, we establish, based on live cell microscopy and CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated endogenous protein tagging, that 53BP1‐marked repair compartments are dynamic, show droplet‐like behavior, and undergo frequent fusion and fission events. 53BP1 assembly, but not the upstream accumulation of γH2AX and MDC1, is highly sensitive to changes in osmotic pressure, temperature, salt concentration and to disruption of hydrophobic interactions. Phase separation of 53BP1 is substantiated by optoDroplet experiments, which further allowed dissection of the 53BP1 sequence elements that cooperate for light‐induced clustering. Moreover, we found the tumor suppressor protein p53 to be enriched within 53BP1 optoDroplets, and conditions that disrupt 53BP1 phase separation impair 53BP1‐dependent induction of p53 and diminish p53 target gene expression. We thus suggest that 53BP1 phase separation integrates localized DNA damage recognition and repair factor assembly with global p53‐dependent gene activation and cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Kilic
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Lezaja
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Cancer Biology PhD Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gatti
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eliana Bianco
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Cancer Biology PhD Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jone Michelena
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Imhof
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Squarzanti DF, Sorrentino R, Landini MM, Chiesa A, Pinato S, Rocchio F, Mattii M, Penengo L, Azzimonti B. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins interact with the nuclear p53-binding protein 1 in an in vitro reconstructed 3D epithelium: new insights for the virus-induced DNA damage response. Virol J 2018; 15:176. [PMID: 30445982 PMCID: PMC6240266 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite vaccination and screening measures, anogenital cancer, mainly promoted by HPV16 oncoproteins, still represents the fourth tumor and the second cause of death among women. Cell replication fidelity is the result of the host DNA damage response (DDR). Unlike many DNA viruses that promote their life cycle through the DDR inactivation, HR-HPVs encourage cells proliferation despite the DDR turned on. Why and how it occurs has been only partially elucidated. During HPV16 infection, E6 links and degrades p53 via the binding to the E6AP LXXLL sequence; unfortunately, E6 direct role in the DDR response has not clearly identified yet. Similarly, E7 increases DDR by competing with E2F1-pRb interaction, thus leading to the inactivation of pRb, and promotion, E2F1 mediated, of DDR genes translation, by binding to the pRb-like proteins CBP/p300 and p107, that also harbour LXXLL sequence, and via the interaction and activation of several DDR proteins. Methods To gain information regarding E6 and E7 contribution in DDR activation, we produced an in vitro 3D HPV16-E6E7 infected epithelium, already consolidated study model for HPVs, and validated it by assessing H&E staining and BrdU, HPV16 DNA, E6E7 proteins and γH2A.X/53BP1 double-strand break (DSBs) sensors expression; then we made an immuno-colocalization of E6 and E7 with cyclin E2 and B1. Since 53BP1, like E6 and E7, also binds p53 and pRb, we supposed their possible direct binding. To explore this hypothesis, we performed a double immunofluorescence of E6 and E7 with 53BP1, a sequence analysis of 53BP1 within its BRCT2 domain and then an in situ PLA within CaSki, E6E7HPV16 NHEKs and the 3D model. Results The in vitro epithelium resembled the histology and the events typical of in vivo infected tissues. E6E7HPV16 were both expressed in basal and differentiated strata and induced H2A.X phosphorylation and 53BP1 increment into nuclear foci. After highlighting E6 and E7 co-expression with 53BP1 and a LKVLL sequence within the 53BP1 BRCT2 domain, we demonstrated the bindings via the PLA technique. Conclusions Our results reinforce E6 and E7 role in cellular function control providing potentially new insights into the activity of this tumor virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Laboratory of applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Manuela Miriam Landini
- Laboratory of applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiesa
- Laboratory of applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pinato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Rocchio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Martina Mattii
- Laboratory of applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenza Penengo
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Laboratory of applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy. .,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM, Firenze, Italy- Local Unit of Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy.
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27
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Loc'h J, Delarue M. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase: the story of an untemplated DNA polymerase capable of DNA bridging and templated synthesis across strands. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 53:22-31. [PMID: 29656238 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) is a member of the polX family which is involved in DNA repair. It has been known for years as an untemplated DNA polymerase used during V(D)J recombination to generate diversity at the CDR3 region of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors. Recently, however, TdT was crystallized in the presence of a complete DNA synapsis made of two double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), each with a 3' protruding end, and overlapping with only one micro-homology base-pair, thus giving structural insight for the first time into DNA synthesis across strands. It was subsequently shown that TdT indeed has an in trans template-dependent activity in the presence of an excess of the downstream DNA duplex. A possible biological role of this dual activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Loc'h
- Unit of Structural Dynamics of Biological Macromolecules and UMR 3528 du CNRS, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Delarue
- Unit of Structural Dynamics of Biological Macromolecules and UMR 3528 du CNRS, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
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28
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Horiuchi A, Wang C, Kikuchi N, Osada R, Nikaido T, Konishi I. BRCA1 Expression is an Important Biomarker for Chemosensitivity: Suppression of BRCA1 Increases the Apoptosis via Up-regulation of p53 and p21 during Cisplatin Treatment in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190600100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor which plays a crucial role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, and its abnormality is responsible for hereditary ovarian cancer syndrome. It has recently been reported that reduced expression of BRCA1 is also common in sporadic ovarian carcinoma via its promoter hypermethylation, and that ovarian carcinoma patients negative for BRCA1 expression showed favorable prognosis. To address if BRCA1 expression plays a role in the chemotherapeutic response, we analyzed the effect of BRCA1 suppression on the sensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells. Specific siRNA for BRCA1 gene was transfected into 3 ovarian cancer cell lines with various p53 status. Reduced expression of BRCA1 by transfection of BRCA1-siRNA resulted in a 5.3-fold increase in sensitivity to cisplatin in p53-wild A2780 cells, but not in p53-mutated A2780/CDDP and p53-deleted SKOV3 cells. Regarding the sensitivity to paclitaxel, BRCA1 suppression caused no significant changes in all the 3 cell lines. For ionizing radiation sensitivity, BRCA1 suppression also showed a significant higher sensitivity in A2780 cells. Growth curve and cell cycle analyses showed no significant differences between BRCA1-siRNA-transfected A2780 cells and control cells. However, cisplatin treatment under suppression of BRCA1 showed a significantly increased apoptosis along with up-regulation of p53 and p21 in A2780 cells. Accordingly, reduced expression of BRCA1 enhances the cisplatin sensitivity and apoptosis via up-regulation of p53 and p21, but does not affect the paclitaxel sensitivity. Expression of BRCA1 might be an important biomarker for cisplatin resistance in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Horiuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Cuiju Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kikuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Osada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Toshio Nikaido
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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29
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Regad L, Chéron JB, Triki D, Senac C, Flatters D, Camproux AC. Exploring the potential of a structural alphabet-based tool for mining multiple target conformations and target flexibility insight. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182972. [PMID: 28817602 PMCID: PMC5560695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein flexibility is often implied in binding with different partners and is essential for protein function. The growing number of macromolecular structures in the Protein Data Bank entries and their redundancy has become a major source of structural knowledge of the protein universe. The analysis of structural variability through available redundant structures of a target, called multiple target conformations (MTC), obtained using experimental or modeling methods and under different biological conditions or different sources is one way to explore protein flexibility. This analysis is essential to improve the understanding of various mechanisms associated with protein target function and flexibility. In this study, we explored structural variability of three biological targets by analyzing different MTC sets associated with these targets. To facilitate the study of these MTC sets, we have developed an efficient tool, SA-conf, dedicated to capturing and linking the amino acid and local structure variability and analyzing the target structural variability space. The advantage of SA-conf is that it could be applied to divers sets composed of MTCs available in the PDB obtained using NMR and crystallography or homology models. This tool could also be applied to analyze MTC sets obtained by dynamics approaches. Our results showed that SA-conf tool is effective to quantify the structural variability of a MTC set and to localize the structural variable positions and regions of the target. By selecting adapted MTC subsets and comparing their variability detected by SA-conf, we highlighted different sources of target flexibility such as induced by binding partner, by mutation and intrinsic flexibility. Our results support the interest to mine available structures associated with a target using to offer valuable insight into target flexibility and interaction mechanisms. The SA-conf executable script, with a set of pre-compiled binaries are available at http://www.mti.univ-paris-diderot.fr/recherche/plateformes/logiciels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Regad
- Molécules thérapeutiques in silico (MTi), INSERM UMR-S973, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail: anne-claude.camproux@univ-paris-diderot (ACC); (LR)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Chéron
- Molécules thérapeutiques in silico (MTi), INSERM UMR-S973, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR-CNRS 7272, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Dhoha Triki
- Molécules thérapeutiques in silico (MTi), INSERM UMR-S973, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Senac
- Molécules thérapeutiques in silico (MTi), INSERM UMR-S973, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, France
| | - Delphine Flatters
- Molécules thérapeutiques in silico (MTi), INSERM UMR-S973, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Claude Camproux
- Molécules thérapeutiques in silico (MTi), INSERM UMR-S973, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail: anne-claude.camproux@univ-paris-diderot (ACC); (LR)
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30
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Suchánková J, Legartová S, Ručková E, Vojtěšek B, Kozubek S, Bártová E. Mutations in the TP53 gene affected recruitment of 53BP1 protein to DNA lesions, but level of 53BP1 was stable after γ-irradiation that depleted MDC1 protein in specific TP53 mutants. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:239-255. [PMID: 28397142 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
53BP1 is a very well-known protein that is recruited to DNA lesions. The focal accumulation of p53 binding protein, 53BP1, is a main feature indicating the repair of spontaneous or irradiation-induced foci (IRIF). Thus, here, we addressed the question of whether mutations in the TP53 gene, which often affect the level of p53 protein, can change the recruitment of 53BP1 to γ- or UVA-irradiated chromatin. In various TP53 mutants, we observed a distinct accumulation of 53BP1 protein to UV-induced DNA lesions: in R273C mutants, 53BP1 appeared transiently at DNA lesions, during 10-30 min after irradiation; the mutation R282W was responsible for accumulation of 53BP1 immediately after UVA-damage; and in L194F mutants, the first appearance of 53BP1 protein at the lesions occurred during 60-70 min. These results showed that specific mutations in the TP53 gene stand behind not only different levels of p53 protein, but also affect the localized kinetics of 53BP1 protein in UVA-damaged chromatin. However, after γ-irradiation, only G245S mutation in TP53 gene was associated with surprisingly decreased level of 53BP1 protein. In other mutant cell lines, levels of 53BP1 were not affected by γ-rays. To these effects, we conversely found a distinct number of 53BP1-positive irradiation-induced foci in various TP53 mutants. The R280K, G245S, L194F mutations, or TP53 deletion were also characterized by radiation-induced depletion in MDC1 protein. Moreover, in mutant cells, an interaction between MDC1 and 53BP1 proteins was abrogated when compared with wild-type counterpart. Together, the kinetics of 53BP1 accumulation at UV-induced DNA lesions is different in various TP53 mutant cells. After γ-irradiation, despite changes in a number and a volume of 53BP1-positive foci, levels of 53BP1 protein were relatively stable. Here, we showed a link between the status of MDC1 protein and TP53 gene, which specific mutations caused radiation-induced MDC1 down-regulation. This observation is significant, especially with regard to radiotherapy of tumors with abrogated function of TP53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Suchánková
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Legartová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Ručková
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 543/7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bořivoj Vojtěšek
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 543/7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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31
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Youn CK, Kim HB, Wu TT, Park S, Cho SI, Lee JH. 53BP1 contributes to regulation of autophagic clearance of mitochondria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45290. [PMID: 28345606 PMCID: PMC5366885 DOI: 10.1038/srep45290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, the primary recycling pathway within cells, plays a critical role in mitochondrial quality control under normal growth conditions and in the cellular response to stress. Here we provide evidence that 53BP1, a DNA damage response protein, is involved in regulating mitochondrial clearance from the cell via a type of autophagy termed mitophagy. We found that when either human or mouse cells were 53BP1-deficient, there was an increase in mitochondrial abnormalities, as observed through staining intensity, aggregation, and increased mass. Moreover, a 53BP1-depleted cell population included an increased number of cells with a high mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) relative to controls, suggesting that the loss of 53BP1 prevents initiation of mitophagy thereby leading to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Indeed, both 53BP1 and the mitophagy-associated protein LC3 translocated to mitochondria in response to damage induced by the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The recruitment of parkin, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, to mitochondria in response to CCCP treatment was significantly decreased in 53BP1-deficient cells. And lastly, using p53-deficient H1299 cells, we confirmed that the role of 53BP1 in mitophagy is independent of p53. These data support a model in which 53BP1 plays an important role in modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and in the clearance of damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cha Kyung Youn
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of premedical Sciences, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Beum Kim
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of premedical Sciences, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ting Ting Wu
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hemato-oncology, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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32
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Lambrus BG, Holland AJ. A New Mode of Mitotic Surveillance. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:314-321. [PMID: 28188027 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells have evolved certain precautions to preserve their genomic content during mitosis and avoid potentially oncogenic errors. Besides the well-established DNA damage checkpoint and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), recent observations have identified an additional mitotic failsafe referred to as the mitotic surveillance pathway. This pathway triggers a cell cycle arrest to block the growth of potentially unfit daughter cells and is activated by both prolonged mitosis and centrosome loss. Recent genome-wide screens surprisingly revealed that 53BP1 and USP28 act upstream of p53 to mediate signaling through the mitotic surveillance pathway. Here we review advances in our understanding of this failsafe and discuss how 53BP1 and USP28 adopt noncanonical roles to function in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bramwell G Lambrus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Soussi T, Kroemer G. TP53 and 53BP1 Reunited. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:311-313. [PMID: 27866833 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Identified as a TP53-binding protein, 53BP1 is a key regulator of the cellular response to double-strand breaks, a TP53-independent activity. Recent data have established a new TP53-dependent function for 53BP1 in mitotic surveillance after centrosome loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Soussi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK) R8:04, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden; Department of Life Sciences, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Equipe11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Department of Life Sciences, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Equipe11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lambrughi M, De Gioia L, Gervasio FL, Lindorff-Larsen K, Nussinov R, Urani C, Bruschi M, Papaleo E. DNA-binding protects p53 from interactions with cofactors involved in transcription-independent functions. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9096-9109. [PMID: 27604871 PMCID: PMC5100575 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding-induced conformational changes of a protein at regions distant from the binding site may play crucial roles in protein function and regulation. The p53 tumour suppressor is an example of such an allosterically regulated protein. Little is known, however, about how DNA binding can affect distal sites for transcription factors. Furthermore, the molecular details of how a local perturbation is transmitted through a protein structure are generally elusive and occur on timescales hard to explore by simulations. Thus, we employed state-of-the-art enhanced sampling atomistic simulations to unveil DNA-induced effects on p53 structure and dynamics that modulate the recruitment of cofactors and the impact of phosphorylation at Ser215. We show that DNA interaction promotes a conformational change in a region 3 nm away from the DNA binding site. Specifically, binding to DNA increases the population of an occluded minor state at this distal site by more than 4-fold, whereas phosphorylation traps the protein in its major state. In the minor conformation, the interface of p53 that binds biological partners related to p53 transcription-independent functions is not accessible. Significantly, our study reveals a mechanism of DNA-mediated protection of p53 from interactions with partners involved in the p53 transcription-independent signalling. This also suggests that conformational dynamics is tightly related to p53 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lambrughi
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luca De Gioia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Luigi Gervasio
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chiara Urani
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cuella-Martin R, Oliveira C, Lockstone HE, Snellenberg S, Grolmusova N, Chapman JR. 53BP1 Integrates DNA Repair and p53-Dependent Cell Fate Decisions via Distinct Mechanisms. Mol Cell 2016; 64:51-64. [PMID: 27546791 PMCID: PMC5065530 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein 53BP1, a pivotal regulator of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, was first identified as a p53-interacting protein over two decades ago. However, its direct contributions to p53-dependent cellular activities remain undefined. Here, we reveal that 53BP1 stimulates genome-wide p53-dependent gene transactivation and repression events in response to ionizing radiation (IR) and synthetic p53 activation. 53BP1-dependent p53 modulation requires both auto-oligomerization and tandem-BRCT domain-mediated bivalent interactions with p53 and the ubiquitin-specific protease USP28. Loss of these activities results in inefficient p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint and exit responses. Furthermore, we demonstrate 53BP1-USP28 cooperation to be essential for normal p53-promoter element interactions and gene transactivation-associated events, yet dispensable for 53BP1-dependent DSB repair regulation. Collectively, our data provide a mechanistic explanation for 53BP1-p53 cooperation in controlling anti-tumorigenic cell-fate decisions and reveal these activities to be distinct and separable from 53BP1's regulation of DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cuella-Martin
- Chromatin and Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Chromatin and Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen E Lockstone
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics Core, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Suzanne Snellenberg
- Chromatin and Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Natalia Grolmusova
- Chromatin and Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - J Ross Chapman
- Chromatin and Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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Moureau S, Luessing J, Harte EC, Voisin M, Lowndes NF. A role for the p53 tumour suppressor in regulating the balance between homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. Open Biol 2016; 6:rsob.160225. [PMID: 27655732 PMCID: PMC5043586 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of p53, a transcription factor activated by cellular stress, is a frequent event in cancer. The role of p53 in tumour suppression is largely attributed to cell fate decisions. Here, we provide evidence supporting a novel role for p53 in the regulation of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway choice. 53BP1, another tumour suppressor, was initially identified as p53 Binding Protein 1, and has been shown to inhibit DNA end resection, thereby stimulating non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Yet another tumour suppressor, BRCA1, reciprocally promotes end resection and homologous recombination (HR). Here, we show that in both human and mouse cells, the absence of p53 results in impaired 53BP1 focal recruitment to sites of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. This effect is largely independent of cell cycle phase and the extent of DNA damage. In p53-deficient cells, diminished localization of 53BP1 is accompanied by a reciprocal increase in BRCA1 recruitment to DSBs. Consistent with these findings, we demonstrate that DSB repair via NHEJ is abrogated, while repair via homology-directed repair (HDR) is stimulated. Overall, we propose that in addition to its role as an ‘effector’ protein in the DNA damage response, p53 plays a role in the regulation of DSB repair pathway choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Moureau
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology and School of Natural Science, Biomedical Science Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Dangan, Ireland
| | - Janna Luessing
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology and School of Natural Science, Biomedical Science Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Dangan, Ireland
| | - Emma Christina Harte
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology and School of Natural Science, Biomedical Science Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Dangan, Ireland
| | - Muriel Voisin
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology and School of Natural Science, Biomedical Science Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Dangan, Ireland
| | - Noel Francis Lowndes
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology and School of Natural Science, Biomedical Science Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Dangan, Ireland
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37
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Ouaray Z, ElSawy KM, Lane DP, Essex JW, Verma C. Reactivation of mutant p53: Constraints on mechanism highlighted by principal component analysis of the DNA binding domain. Proteins 2016; 84:1443-61. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ouaray
- School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research; Singapore 138671 Singapore
| | - Karim M. ElSawy
- York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis (YCCSA), University of York; York YO10 5GE United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science, Qassim University; Buraydah 52571 Saudi Arabia
| | - David P. Lane
- p53 Laboratory; Agency for Science, Technology and Research; Singapore 138648 Singapore
| | - Jonathan W. Essex
- School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom
| | - Chandra Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research; Singapore 138671 Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 637551 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; 117543 Singapore
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38
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Fong CS, Mazo G, Das T, Goodman J, Kim M, O'Rourke BP, Izquierdo D, Tsou MFB. 53BP1 and USP28 mediate p53-dependent cell cycle arrest in response to centrosome loss and prolonged mitosis. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27371829 PMCID: PMC4946878 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosis occurs efficiently, but when it is disturbed or delayed, p53-dependent cell death or senescence is often triggered after mitotic exit. To characterize this process, we conducted CRISPR-mediated loss-of-function screens using a cell-based assay in which mitosis is consistently disturbed by centrosome loss. We identified 53BP1 and USP28 as essential components acting upstream of p53, evoking p21-dependent cell cycle arrest in response not only to centrosome loss, but also to other distinct defects causing prolonged mitosis. Intriguingly, 53BP1 mediates p53 activation independently of its DNA repair activity, but requiring its interacting protein USP28 that can directly deubiquitinate p53 in vitro and ectopically stabilize p53 in vivo. Moreover, 53BP1 can transduce prolonged mitosis to cell cycle arrest independently of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), suggesting that while SAC protects mitotic accuracy by slowing down mitosis, 53BP1 and USP28 function in parallel to select against disturbed or delayed mitosis, promoting mitotic efficiency. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16270.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii Shyang Fong
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Gregory Mazo
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Tuhin Das
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | | | - Minhee Kim
- BCMB Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, United States
| | - Brian P O'Rourke
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Denisse Izquierdo
- BCMB Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, United States
| | - Meng-Fu Bryan Tsou
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States.,BCMB Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, United States
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Le W, Qi L, Li J, Wu D, Xu J, Zhang J. Low-dose ionizing irradiation triggers a 53BP1 response to DNA double strand breaks in mouse spermatogonial stem cells. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2016; 62:106-13. [PMID: 26857623 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1125561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the effect of low-dose ionizing irradiation on DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and reveal the underlying pathways for the DNA repair for DSB in SSCs. Eighteen one-month-old mice were divided into 6 groups and sacrificed separately at 45 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after 0.1Gy X-ray irradiation (mice without receiving ionizing irradiation served as control). After perfusion fixation, testes were removed, sectioned, and followed by staining of γH2AX, 53BP1, Caspase 3, and promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger (PLZF) for analysis among the different groups. The staining was observed by immunofluorescence visualized by confocal laser scanning. After low-dose irradiation, only 53BP1, but not Caspase3 or γH2AX was upregulated in PLZF positive SSCs within 45 minutes. The expression level of 53BP1 gradually decreased 24 hours after irradiation. Moreover, low-dose irradiation had no effect on the cell number and apoptotic status of SSCs. However other spermatogenic cells highly expressed γH2AX shortly after irradiation which was dramatically reduced following the events of DNA repair. It appears that low-dose ionizing irradiation may cause the DNA DSB of mouse spermatogenic cells. 53BP1, but not γH2AX, is involved in the DNA repair for DSB in SSCs. Our data indicates that 53BP1 plays an important role in the pathophysiological repair of DNA DSB in SSCs. This may open a new avenue to understanding the mechanisms of DNA repair of SSCs and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Le
- a Department of Urology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Reproduction , Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Lixin Qi
- a Department of Urology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- a Department of Urology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - DengIong Wu
- a Department of Urology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jun Xu
- c Department of Stem Cells Center , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jinfu Zhang
- d Department of Urology , Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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40
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Malhis N, Wong ETC, Nassar R, Gsponer J. Computational Identification of MoRFs in Protein Sequences Using Hierarchical Application of Bayes Rule. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141603. [PMID: 26517836 PMCID: PMC4627796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Intrinsically disordered regions of proteins play an essential role in the regulation of various biological processes. Key to their regulatory function is often the binding to globular protein domains via sequence elements known as molecular recognition features (MoRFs). Development of computational tools for the identification of candidate MoRF locations in amino acid sequences is an important task and an area of growing interest. Given the relative sparseness of MoRFs in protein sequences, the accuracy of the available MoRF predictors is often inadequate for practical usage, which leaves a significant need and room for improvement. In this work, we introduce MoRFCHiBi_Web, which predicts MoRF locations in protein sequences with higher accuracy compared to current MoRF predictors. Methods Three distinct and largely independent property scores are computed with component predictors and then combined to generate the final MoRF propensity scores. The first score reflects the likelihood of sequence windows to harbour MoRFs and is based on amino acid composition and sequence similarity information. It is generated by MoRFCHiBi using small windows of up to 40 residues in size. The second score identifies long stretches of protein disorder and is generated by ESpritz with the DisProt option. Lastly, the third score reflects residue conservation and is assembled from PSSM files generated by PSI-BLAST. These propensity scores are processed and then hierarchically combined using Bayes rule to generate the final MoRFCHiBi_Web predictions. Results MoRFCHiBi_Web was tested on three datasets. Results show that MoRFCHiBi_Web outperforms previously developed predictors by generating less than half the false positive rate for the same true positive rate at practical threshold values. This level of accuracy paired with its relatively high processing speed makes MoRFCHiBi_Web a practical tool for MoRF prediction. Availability http://morf.chibi.ubc.ca:8080/morf/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawar Malhis
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail: (NM); (JG)
| | - Eric T. C. Wong
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roy Nassar
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jörg Gsponer
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail: (NM); (JG)
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USP28 is recruited to sites of DNA damage by the tandem BRCT domains of 53BP1 but plays a minor role in double-strand break metabolism. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2062-74. [PMID: 24687851 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00197-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is critical for genome stability and the suppression of a wide variety of human malignancies, including neurodevelopmental disorders, immunodeficiency, and cancer. In addition, the efficacy of many chemotherapeutic strategies is dictated by the status of the DDR. Ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28) was reported to govern the stability of multiple factors that are critical for diverse aspects of the DDR. Here, we examined the effects of USP28 depletion on the DDR in cells and in vivo. We found that USP28 is recruited to double-strand breaks in a manner that requires the tandem BRCT domains of the DDR protein 53BP1. However, we observed only minor DDR defects in USP28-depleted cells, and mice lacking USP28 showed normal longevity, immunological development, and radiation responses. Our results thus indicate that USP28 is not a critical factor in double-strand break metabolism and is unlikely to be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention aimed at chemotherapy sensitization.
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42
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Gupta A, Hunt CR, Chakraborty S, Pandita RK, Yordy J, Ramnarain DB, Horikoshi N, Pandita TK. Role of 53BP1 in the regulation of DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice. Radiat Res 2013; 181:1-8. [PMID: 24320053 DOI: 10.1667/rr13572.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is a well-known DNA damage response (DDR) factor, which is recruited to nuclear structures at the site of DNA damage and forms readily visualized ionizing radiation (IR) induced foci. Depletion of 53BP1 results in cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase as well as genomic instability in human as well as mouse cells. Within the DNA damage response mechanism, 53BP1 is classified as an adaptor/mediator, required for processing of the DNA damage response signal and as a platform for recruitment of other repair factors. More recently, specific 53BP1 contributions to DSB repair pathway choice have been recognized and are being characterized. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in understanding the role of 53BP1 in regulating DNA DSBs repair pathway choice, variable diversity joining [V(D)J] recombination and class-switch recombination (CSR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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43
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NMR mapping of PCNA interaction with translesion synthesis DNA polymerase Rev1 mediated by Rev1-BRCT domain. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:3091-105. [PMID: 23747975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rev1 is a Y-family translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase involved in bypass replication across sites of DNA damage and postreplicational gap filling. In the process of TLS, high-fidelity replicative DNA polymerases stalled by DNA damage are replaced by error-prone TLS enzymes responsible for the majority of mutagenesis in eukaryotic cells. The polymerase exchange that gains low-fidelity TLS polymerases access to DNA is mediated by their interactions with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Rev1 stands alone from other Y-family TLS enzymes since it lacks the consensus PCNA-interacting protein box (PIP-box) motif, instead utilizing other modular domains for PCNA binding. Here we report solution NMR structure of an 11-kDa BRCA1 C-terminus (BRCT) domain from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rev1 and demonstrate with the use of transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy (TROSY) NMR methods that Rev1-BRCT domain directly interacts with an 87-kDa PCNA in solution. The domain adopts α/β fold (β1-α1-β2-β3-α2-β4-α3-α4) typical for BRCT domain superfamily. PCNA-binding interface of the Rev1-BRCT domain comprises conserved residues of the outer surface of the α1-helix and the α1-β1, β2-β3 and β3-α2 loops. On the other hand, Rev1-BRCT binds to the inter-domain region of PCNA that overlaps with the binding site for the PIP-box motif. Furthermore, Rev1-BRCT domain bound to PCNA can be displaced by increasing amounts of the PIP-box peptide from TLS DNA polymerase polη, suggesting that Rev1-BRCT and polη PIP-box interactions with the same PCNA monomer are mutually exclusive. These results provide structural insights into PCNA recognition by TLS DNA polymerases that help better understand TLS regulation in eukaryotes.
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44
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1 0 6. Cancer Biomark 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b14318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Mok MT, Henderson BR. The in vivo dynamic interplay of MDC1 and 53BP1 at DNA damage-induced nuclear foci. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1398-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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PHF20 is an effector protein of p53 double lysine methylation that stabilizes and activates p53. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2012; 19:916-24. [PMID: 22864287 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PHF20 is a multidomain protein and subunit of a lysine acetyltransferase complex that acetylates histone H4 and p53 but whose function is unclear. Using biochemical, biophysical and cellular approaches, we determined that PHF20 is a direct regulator of p53. A Tudor domain in PHF20 recognized p53 dimethylated at Lys370 or Lys382 and a homodimeric form of this Tudor domain could associate with the two dimethylated sites on p53 with enhanced affinity, indicating a multivalent interaction. Association with PHF20 promotes stabilization and activation of p53 by diminishing Mdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitylation and degradation. PHF20 contributes to upregulation of p53 in response to DNA damage, and ectopic expression of PHF20 in different cell lines leads to phenotypic changes that are hallmarks of p53 activation. Overall our work establishes that PHF20 functions as an effector of p53 methylation that stabilizes and activates p53.
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47
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Gerloff DL, Woods NT, Farago AA, Monteiro ANA. BRCT domains: A little more than kin, and less than kind. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2711-6. [PMID: 22584059 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BRCT domains are versatile protein modular domains found as single units or as multiple copies in more than 20 different proteins in the human genome. Interestingly, most BRCT-containing proteins function in the same biological process, the DNA damage response network, but show specificity in their molecular interactions. BRCT domains have been found to bind a wide array of ligands from proteins, phosphorylated linear motifs, and DNA. Here we discuss the biology of BRCT domains and how a domain-centric analysis can aid in the understanding of signal transduction events in the DNA damage response network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietlind L Gerloff
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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48
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Gu B, Zhu WG. Surf the post-translational modification network of p53 regulation. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:672-84. [PMID: 22606048 PMCID: PMC3354625 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the human genome, p53 is one of the first tumor suppressor genes to be discovered. It has a wide range of functions covering cell cycle control, apoptosis, genome integrity maintenance, metabolism, fertility, cellular reprogramming and autophagy. Although different possible underlying mechanisms for p53 regulation have been proposed for decades, none of them is conclusive. While much literature focuses on the importance of individual post-translational modifications, further explorations indicate a new layer of p53 coordination through the interplay of the modifications, which builds up a complex 'network'. This review focuses on the necessity, characteristics and mechanisms of the crosstalk among post-translational modifications and its effects on the precise and selective behavior of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Li X, Liu K, Li F, Wang J, Huang H, Wu J, Shi Y. Structure of C-terminal tandem BRCT repeats of Rtt107 protein reveals critical role in interaction with phosphorylated histone H2A during DNA damage repair. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9137-46. [PMID: 22262834 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.311860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rtt107 (regulator of Ty1 transposition 107; Esc4) is a DNA repair protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can restore stalled replication forks following DNA damage. There are six BRCT (BRCA1 C-terminal) domains in Rtt107 that act as binding sites for other recruited proteins during DNA repair. Several Rtt107 binding partners have been identified, including Slx4, Rtt101, Rad55, and the Smc5/6 (structural maintenance of chromosome) protein complex. Rtt107 can reportedly be recruited to chromatin in the presence of Rtt101 and Rtt109 upon DNA damage, but the chromatin-binding site of Rtt107 has not been identified. Here, we report our investigation of the interaction between phosphorylated histone H2A (γH2A) and the C-terminal tandem BRCT repeats (BRCT(5)-BRCT(6)) of Rtt107. The crystal structures of BRCT(5)-BRCT(6) alone and in a complex with γH2A reveal the molecular basis of the Rtt107-γH2A interaction. We used in vitro mutagenesis and a fluorescence polarization assay to confirm the location of the Rtt107 motif that is crucial for this interaction. In addition, these assays indicated that this interaction requires the phosphorylation of H2A. An in vivo phenotypic analysis in yeast demonstrated the critical role of BRCT(5)-BRCT(6) and its interaction with γH2A during the DNA damage response. Our results shed new light on the molecular mechanism by which Rtt107 is recruited to chromatin in response to stalled DNA replication forks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Oliveira S, Ribeiro J, Sousa H, Pinto D, Baldaque I, Medeiros R. Genetic polymorphisms and cervical cancer development: ATM G5557A and p53bp1 C1236G. Oncol Rep 2011; 27:1188-92. [PMID: 22200742 PMCID: PMC3583604 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections by high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been established as the etiological agent of cervical cancer. The integration of the HPV genome into the host genome is a crucial step in cervical carcinogenesis, although, correct activation of DNA damage repair pathways will avoid the development of cancer. Recent data indicate that several polymorphisms of key regulators from the DNA damage repair pathway (i.e. 53BP1 and ATM) are associated with cancer development susceptibility. We have developed a hospital-based retrospective study considering 429 cervical specimens from women with different cervical lesions including invasive carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the ATM D1853N (5557G>A) and 53bp1 D353E (1236C>G) polymorphisms in the development of cervical cancer, using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Statistical analysis revealed that ATM 5557GG homozygous individuals (OR=1.94; p=0.044) are at increased risk of developing LSIL, while for the 53BP1 1236C>G polymorphism no association was found. Nevertheless, we observed a tendency for an increased risk of LSIL in 53BP1 1236C allele carriers (OR=1.63; p=0.069). Logistic regression adjusted for age revealed no significant differences from the non-adjusted analysis. This is the first study to evaluate the role of ATM G5557A and P53BP1 C1236G polymorphisms in cervical cancer susceptibility. This study reveals a possible trend of both polymorphisms for a genetic susceptibility pattern of cervical cancer development. Hence, our results may be of interest for future understanding of the progression of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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