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Zanetta P, Ballacchino C, Squarzanti DF, Amoruso A, Pane M, Azzimonti B. Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 (DSM 33828) Cell-Free Supernatant and Vitamin D Improve Wound Healing and Reduce Interleukin-6 Production in Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Human Keratinocytes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:18. [PMID: 38276496 PMCID: PMC10820395 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. are found in about 25% of the overall cases of chronic wounds, which can undergo malignant degeneration and be associated with skin cancer. Although antimicrobial agents are clinically used to counteract pathogens and promote wound healing, they are increasingly ineffective against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Moreover, they can induce dysbiosis, which favors opportunistic pathogen infections and alters immune responses. Consequently, research on pathogen containment strategies is crucial. We aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 cell-free supernatant (CFS) and vitamin D, as single treatments or in combination, on cell viability, wound healing, and the pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) production of a Staphylococcus aureus-infected human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) in vitro model. The analysis showed that LJO02 CFS 20% v/v ratio and 100 nM vitamin D promoted infected cell viability and wound healing and significantly reduced IL-6 production. However, their effect was not synergic, since no significant difference between the single and combined treatments was observed. LJO02 CFS topic application and vitamin D supplementation could provide a valuable strategy for attenuating S. aureus-induced pathogenesis, promoting wound healing and opening new therapeutic strategies supporting the conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanetta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Chiara Ballacchino
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Angela Amoruso
- Probiotical Research S.r.l., Via Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research S.r.l., Via Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (D.F.S.)
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Di Cesare F, Calgaro M, Ghini V, Squarzanti DF, De Prisco A, Visciglia A, Zanetta P, Rolla R, Savoia P, Amoruso A, Azzimonti B, Vitulo N, Tenori L, Luchinat C, Pane M. Exploring the Effects of Probiotic Treatment on Urinary and Serum Metabolic Profiles in Healthy Individuals. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3866-3878. [PMID: 37970754 PMCID: PMC10696601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They are used to promote gut health and alleviate various disorders. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the potential effects of probiotics on human physiology. In the presented study, the effects of probiotic treatment on the metabolic profiles of human urine and serum using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic approach were investigated. Twenty-one healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study, and they received two different dosages of probiotics for 8 weeks. During the study, urine and serum samples were collected from volunteers before and during probiotic supplementation. The results showed that probiotics had a significant impact on the urinary and serum metabolic profiles without altering their phenotypes. This study demonstrated the effects of probiotics in terms of variations of metabolite levels resulting also from the different probiotic posology. Overall, the results suggest that probiotic administration may affect both urine and serum metabolomes, although more research is needed to understand the mechanisms and clinical implications of these effects. NMR-based metabonomic analysis of biofluids is a powerful tool for monitoring host-gut microflora dynamic interaction as well as for assessing the individual response to probiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Cesare
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Matteo Calgaro
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
- Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD),
Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University
of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste, 15, Novara 28100, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Zanetta
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
- Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD),
Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University
of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste, 15, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Paola Savoia
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Angela Amoruso
- Probiotical
Research Srl, Via Enrico
Mattei, 3, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
- Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD),
Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University
of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste, 15, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Giotto
Biotech S.r.l., Via Madonna
del Piano, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical
Research Srl, Via Enrico
Mattei, 3, Novara 28100, Italy
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Savoia P, Azzimonti B, Rolla R, Zavattaro E. Role of the Microbiota in Skin Neoplasms: New Therapeutic Horizons. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2386. [PMID: 37894044 PMCID: PMC10608979 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin and the gut are regularly colonized by a variety of microorganisms capable of interacting with the immune system through their metabolites and influencing the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Alterations in the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota have been described in various cutaneous diseases, including skin cancer, and the actual function of the human microbiota in skin carcinogenesis, such as in progression and metastasis, is currently an active area of research. The role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is well consolidated, especially in chronically immunosuppressed patients. Furthermore, an imbalance between Staphylococcus spp., such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and aureus, has been found to be strongly related to the progression from actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma and differently associated with various stages of the diseases in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients. Also, in melanoma patients, differences in microbiota have been related to dissimilar disease course and prognosis and may affect the effectiveness and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which currently represent one of the best chances of a cure. From this point of view, acting on microbiota can be considered a possible therapeutic option for patients with advanced skin cancers, even if several issues are still open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Science, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (B.A.); (R.R.); (E.Z.)
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Clavenna MG, La Vecchia M, Sculco M, Joseph S, Barberis E, Amede E, Mellai M, Brossa S, Borgonovi G, Occhipinti P, Boldorini R, Robotti E, Azzimonti B, Bona E, Pasolli E, Ferrante D, Manfredi M, Aspesi A, Dianzani I. Distinct Signatures of Tumor-Associated Microbiota and Metabolome in Low-Grade vs. High-Grade Dysplastic Colon Polyps: Inference of Their Role in Tumor Initiation and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3065. [PMID: 37370676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the driver-passenger model for colorectal cancer (CRC), the tumor-associated microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem of bacterial species where bacteria with carcinogenic features linked to CRC initiation are defined as "drivers", while opportunistic bacteria colonizing more advanced tumor stages are known as "passengers". We reasoned that also gut microbiota-associated metabolites may be differentially enriched according to tumor stage, and be potential determinants of CRC development. Thus, we characterized the mucosa- and lumen-associated microbiota (MAM and LAM, respectively) and mucosa-associated metabolites in low- vs. high-grade dysplastic colon polyps from 78 patients. We show that MAM, obtained with a new biopsy-preserving approach, and LAM differ in composition and α/β-diversity. By stratifying patients for polyp histology, we found that bacteria proposed as passengers by previous studies colonized high-grade dysplastic adenomas, whereas driver taxa were enriched in low-grade polyps. Furthermore, we report altered "mucosa-associated metabolite" levels in low- vs. high-grade groups. Integrated microbiota-metabolome analysis suggests the involvement of the gut microbiota in the production and consumption of these metabolites. Altogether, our findings support the involvement of bacterial species and associated metabolites in CRC mucosal homeostasis in a tumor-stage-specific manner. These distinct signatures may be used to distinguish low-grade from high-grade dysplastic polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta La Vecchia
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marika Sculco
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Soni Joseph
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elia Amede
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Mellai
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Brossa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Borgonovi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pietro Occhipinti
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Maggiore della Carità" Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Robotti
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Squarzanti DF, Zanetta P, Ormelli M, Manfredi M, Barberis E, Vanella VV, Amoruso A, Pane M, Azzimonti B. An animal derivative-free medium enhances Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 supernatant selective efficacy against the methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus virulence through key-metabolites. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8666. [PMID: 35606510 PMCID: PMC9126979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as the skin commensal Staphylococcus aureus, is a worldwide health challenge; new methods to counteract opportunistic pathogen growth and virulence are urgent. We compared the activity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR06 (DSM 21981) and Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 (DSM 33828) cell-free supernatants (CFSs) produced in the conventional animal derivative-based MRS medium and an innovative animal derivative-free broth (TIL) versus the MDR S. aureus (ATCC 43300). CFS influence was assessed towards the viability, metabolic activity, and ability to form biofilm of the MDR strain through optical density, alamarBlue assay, and crystal violet staining; their content in short-chain fatty acids, lactic acid, and proteins was analysed via high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. All CFSs reduce viable and metabolically active S. aureus, being TIL more efficient compared to MRS in stimulating lactic acid bacteria metabolism and decreasing S. aureus biofilm formation. Particularly, the CFS from LJO02 grown in TIL has the best efficacy, revealing a high amount of lactic acid and 59 peculiar proteins; its effectiveness is partially maintained upon trypsin and proteinase K treatments, but not by pepsin and pH basification. Therefore, antagonistic CFSs may represent a strategic prevention approach, with bacteriotherapeutic and bio-repair potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Zanetta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Margherita Ormelli
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Laboratory of Biological Mass Spectrometry, Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Center for Translational Research On Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Laboratory of Biological Mass Spectrometry, Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Center for Translational Research On Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Virginia Vita Vanella
- Laboratory of Biological Mass Spectrometry, Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Center for Translational Research On Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Angela Amoruso
- Probiotical Research S.R.L, Via Mattei 3, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research S.R.L, Via Mattei 3, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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Zanetta P, Ormelli M, Amoruso A, Pane M, Azzimonti B, Squarzanti DF. Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What's New? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073489. [PMID: 35408849 PMCID: PMC8998608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disorder with multifactorial aetiology and malignant transformation potential. Despite the treatments so far identified, new tailored and safe specific measures are needed. Recently, human microbiota imbalance has been linked to several immune-mediated diseases, opening new therapeutic perspectives for probiotics; besides their ability to directly interact with the host microbiota, they also display a strain-specific immune-modulatory effect. Thus, this non-systematic review aims to elucidate the molecular pathways underlying probiotic activity, mainly those of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria and their metabolites in OLP pathogenesis and malignant transformation, focusing on the most recent in vitro and in vivo research evidence. Findings related to their activity in other immune-mediated diseases are here included, suggesting a probiotic translational use in OLP. Probiotics show immune-modulatory and microbiota-balancing activities; they protect the host from pathogens, hamper an excessive effector T cell response, reduce nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signalling and basal keratinocytes abnormal apoptosis, shifting the mucosal response towards the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus preventing uncontrolled damage. Therefore, probiotics could be a highly encouraging prevention and immunotherapeutic approach for a safer and more sustainable OLP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanetta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Z.); (M.O.)
| | - Margherita Ormelli
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Z.); (M.O.)
| | - Angela Amoruso
- Probiotical Research Srl, Via Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research Srl, Via Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Z.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (D.F.S.); Tel.: +39-0321-660-870 (B.A.)
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Z.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (D.F.S.); Tel.: +39-0321-660-870 (B.A.)
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Azzimonti B, Raimondo L, Squarzanti DF, Rosso T, Zanetta P, Aluffi Valletti P, Chiusa L, Masini L, Pecorari G, Airoldi M, Krengli M, Giovarelli M, Valente G. Macrophages expressing TREM-1 are involved in the progression of HPV16-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Med 2021; 53:541-550. [PMID: 33769181 PMCID: PMC8008925 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1905872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many types of research have been performed to improve the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of oropharyngeal carcinomas (OP-SCCs). Since they arise in lymphoid-rich areas and intense lymphocytic infiltration has been related to a better prognosis, a TREM-1 putative function in tumour progression and survival has been hypothesized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven human papillomavirus (HPV) 16+ OP-SCC specimens have been analyzed to relate TREM-1 expression with histiocytic and lymphocytic markers, HPV presence and patients' outcome. RESULTS No differences have been shown between intratumoral and stromal CD4+ cells, while intratumoral CD8+ lymphocytes are higher with respect to the tumour stroma (p = .0005). CD68+ cells are more than CD35+ and TREM-1+; their presence is related to CD35± and TREM-1± histiocytes (p = .005 and .026, respectively). Intratumoral CD4+ lymphocytes are higher in p16+ cases (11/27) than in p16- (p = .042); moreover, p16 positivity correlates to a better survival (p = .034). CD4+, CD8+ and CD35+ cells have no impact on survival, while CD68 expression heavily influences progression and bad outcome (p = .037). TREM-1 positivity also leads to worst overall survival (p = .001): peritumoral expression and death-cause relationship are always significant, particularly when the cause is OP-SCC (p = .000). CONCLUSION While p16 shows to better stratify HPV16+ patients' outcome, TREM-1+ macrophages suggest their key importance in HPV-related OP-SCCs progression.KEY MESSAGESTREM-1 positivity correlates to the worst overall survival of HPV16-positive OPSCCs-affected patients.p16-positive HPV16 related OPSCCs patients have a better prognosis with respect to p16-negative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Azzimonti
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Raimondo
- Otorhinolaryngology Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rosso
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital – CPO Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Zanetta
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Aluffi Valletti
- Division of Ear Nose and Throat Department-Head and Neck Surgery, DiSS, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiusa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Masini
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pecorari
- Otorhinolaryngology Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Airoldi
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Citta’ della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Krengli
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Mirella Giovarelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Valente
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale “Sant’Andrea”, DiMeT, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Vercelli, Italy
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Squarzanti D, Zanetta P, Ormelli M, Azzimonti B. 278 Role of specific probiotics in skin diseases: new insights from in vitro investigation. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Zanetta P, Squarzanti DF, Sorrentino R, Rolla R, Aluffi Valletti P, Garzaro M, Dell'Era V, Amoruso A, Azzimonti B. Oral microbiota and vitamin D impact on oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinogenesis: a narrative literature review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:224-239. [PMID: 33476522 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1872487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An emerging body of research is revealing the microbiota pivotal involvement in determining the health or disease state of several human niches, and that of vitamin D also in extra-skeletal regions. Nevertheless, much of the oral microbiota and vitamin D reciprocal impact in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinogenesis (OPSCC) is still mostly unknown. On this premise, starting from an in-depth scientific bibliographic analysis, this narrative literature review aims to show a detailed view of the state of the art on their contribution in the pathogenesis of this cancer type. Significant differences in the oral microbiota species quantity and quality have been detected in OPSCC-affected patients; in particular, mainly high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida spp. seem to be highly represented. Vitamin D prevents and fights infections promoted by the above identified pathogens, thus confirming its homeostatic function on the microbiota balance. However, its antimicrobial and antitumoral actions, well-described for the gut, have not been fully documented for the oropharynx yet. Deeper investigations of the mechanisms that link vitamin D levels, oral microbial diversity and inflammatory processes will lead to a better definition of OPSCC risk factors for the optimization of specific prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanetta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), Department of Health Sciences (DSS), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), Department of Health Sciences (DSS), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Clinical Chemistry Unit, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", DSS, School of Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Aluffi Valletti
- ENT Division, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", DSS, School of Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Garzaro
- ENT Division, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", DSS, School of Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Dell'Era
- ENT Division, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", DSS, School of Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), Department of Health Sciences (DSS), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
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10
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Ghini V, Tenori L, Pane M, Amoruso A, Marroncini G, Squarzanti DF, Azzimonti B, Rolla R, Savoia P, Tarocchi M, Galli A, Luchinat C. Effects of Probiotics Administration on Human Metabolic Phenotype. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100396. [PMID: 33036487 PMCID: PMC7601401 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of the beneficial interactions between the host and its microbiota is essential for the correct functioning of the organism, since microflora alterations can lead to many diseases. Probiotics improve balanced microbial communities, exerting substantial health-promoting effects. Here we monitored the molecular outcomes, obtained by gut microflora modulation through probiotic treatment, on human urine and serum metabolic profiles, with a metabolomic approach. Twenty-two subjects were enrolled in the study and administered with two different probiotic types, both singularly and in combination, for 8 weeks. Urine and serum samples were collected before and during the supplementation and were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and statistical analyses. After eight weeks of treatment, probiotics deeply influence the urinary metabolic profiles of the volunteers, without significantly altering their single phenotypes. Anyway, bacteria supplementation tends to reduce the differences in metabolic phenotypes among individuals. Overall, the effects are recipient-dependent, and in some individuals, robust effects are already well visible after four weeks. Modifications in metabolite levels, attributable to each type of probiotic administration, were also monitored. Metabolomic analysis of biofluids turns out to be a powerful technique to monitor the dynamic interactions between the microflora and the host, and the individual response to probiotic assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ghini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical S.p.A., 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Giada Marroncini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (G.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.S.); (B.A.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.S.); (B.A.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.S.); (B.A.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
- Clinical Chemistry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.S.); (B.A.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
- SCDU Dermatology, AOU Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mirko Tarocchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (G.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Galli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (G.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-457-4296
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11
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Abstract
Recently, research has been deeply focusing on the role of the microbiota in numerous diseases, either affecting the skin or other organs. What it is well established is that its dysregulation promotes several cutaneous disorders (i.e. psoriasis and atopic dermatitis). To date, little is known about its composition, mediators and role in the genesis, progression and response to therapy of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC). Starting from a bibliographic study, we classified the selected articles into four sections: i) normal skin microbiota; ii) in vitro study models; iii) microbiota and NMSC and iv) probiotics, antibiotics and NMSC. What has emerged is how skin microflora changes, mainly represented by increases of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, modifications in the mutual quantity of β-Human papillomavirus genotypes, of Epstein Barr Virus and Malassezia or candidiasis, may contribute to the induction of a state of chronic self-maintaining inflammation, leading to cancer. In this context, the role of S. aureus and that of specific antimicrobial peptides look to be prominent. Moreover, although antibiotics may contribute to carcinogenesis, due to their ability to influence the microbiota balance, specific probiotics, such as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 and Bifidobacteria spp., may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Zavattaro
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DSCB), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
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12
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Airoldi M, Raimondo L, Azzimonti B, Chiusa L, Pecorari G, Cappello P, Cena T, Valente G. TREM-1 expression in HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e17545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e17545 Background: Immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a hot topic and PD1/PDL-1 checkpoint blockade is a promising approach even if there is a lack of robust progno-stic/predictive biomarkers and treatment benefits in overall survival are variable. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cell 1 (TREM-1) reverses the M2-polarizing effect of hypoxia imparting a M1-skewed pro-inflammatory phenotype to macrophages that controls tumour growth. Aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic role of TREM-1 in oropharyngeal (OP) SCC. Methods: In 25 patients with stage III-IV HPV+ OPSCC we evaluated, with immunohistochemistry, in surgical specimens the following immunologic parameters in intratumoral (IT) and peritumoral (PT) environment: PD1-PDL-1 (1+ = < 20% positive cells (pc); 2+ = 21-50% pc; 3+ = > 50% pc) CD4, CD8, FOXP3 (1+ = < 10% pc; 2+ = 10-20% pc ; 3+ = > 20% pc) IL22 (1+ = 1-33% pc, 2+ = 34-67% pc, 3+ = > 67% pc) and TREM ( 1+ = 1-50% pc, 2+ = > 50% pc). The McNemar test was used to assess differences between IT and PT environment. Results: CD4 IT 0/1+ = 12% 2+/3+ = 88% PT 0/1+ = 6% 2+/3+ = 94% FOXP3 IT 0/1+ = 88% 2+/3+ = 12% PT 0/1+ = 65% 2+/3+ = 35% CD8 IT 0/1+ = 12% 2+/3+ = 88% PT 0/1+ = 48% 2+/3+ = 52% PD1 IT 0/1+ = 100% 2+/3+ = 0% PT 0/1+ = 100% 2+/3+ = 0% PDL1 IT 0/1+ = 53% 2+/3+ = 47% PT 0/1+ = 6% 2+/3+ = 94% IL22 IT 0/1+ = 59% 2+/3+ = 41% PT 0/1+ = 29% 2+/3+ = 71% TREM-1 IT 0/1+ = 94% 2 + = 6% PT 0/1+ = 82%* 2+ = 18% * 1+ = 64% Statistical analysis showed a concordant expression of CD4, CD8 and PDL-1 both in IT and PT while TREM-1 was more expressed in PT (p = .001) and PD-1 in IT (p = 0.12).There was no correlation between TREM-1 pc and CD68 and CD35 pc. Tumours with low PT TREM-1 positivity have a lowest risk of relapse (p = .01). Conclusions: HPV+ OPSCC is promoted by inflammatory infiltrate anergy. TREM-1 PT positivity has unfavourable impact on relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Airoldi
- 2nd Medical Oncology Division, A. O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Raimondo
- ENT Division, Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Lab of Applied Microbiology, Health Sciences Department, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiusa
- AOU Citta della Salute e dell Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Guido Valente
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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13
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Cochis A, Azzimonti B, Chiesa R, Rimondini L, Gasik M. Metallurgical Gallium Additions to Titanium Alloys Demonstrate a Strong Time-Increasing Antibacterial Activity without any Cellular Toxicity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2815-2820. [PMID: 33405586 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Orthopedic metallic devices are often related with devasting complications due to acute prosthetic joint infections. Gallium (Ga) antibacterial activity has been demonstrated by the evidence that Ga in solution ionizes in a Ga3+ trivalent form that replace Fe3+ thus arresting metabolism. However, it is not clear whether such effect is restricted only to Ga3+ release laps. Accordingly, here we investigated Ga addition into titanium alloys using metallurgical methods, thus realizing intermetallides of a very high stability that contain Ga in the range of 1, 2, 20, and 23% wt. ICP-OES analysis confirmed that Ga ions were not released from the specimens regardless of the Ga amount. These alloys ensured long-lasting Ga effect toward multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, whose metabolic activity was reduced of >80% in comparison with controls. Finally, specimens cytocompatibility was confirmed by direct and indirect contact evaluations with mature osteoblasts and preosteoblasts progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - CAAD, C.so Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - CAAD, C.so Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - CAAD, C.so Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Michael Gasik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Foundation, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 AALTO, Finland
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14
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Squarzanti DF, Cena T, Sorrentino R, Migliario M, Chiocchetti A, Rimondini L, Azzimonti B, Valente G. Implications on pathogenesis and risk of oral lichen planus neoplastic transformation: an ex-vivo retrospective immunohistochemical study. Histol Histopathol 2019; 34:1015-1024. [PMID: 30907426 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate OPN, MCM7, Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2 and 53BP1 presence, together with the abnormal adaptive CD4 and CD8 T-cell response markers expression in a series of oral lichen planus (OLP) affected patients and assess their combined contribution for a more objective disease classification. METHODS AND RESULTS In this ex-vivo retrospective analysis, biopsy specimens from 28 adults with a clinical diagnosis of OLP at different progression degree (16 reticular, 2 plaque-like, 1 erosive and 9 mixed type) were collected. Sections were immunohistochemically investigated for the proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin (OPN), alpha-beta CD4 and CD8 positive T cells, DNA replication licensing factor (MCM7), proliferating cell marker (Ki-67), apoptotic and tumor antigen (p53), apoptosis modulator (Bcl-2) and cellular response regulator to double-strand breaks tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 expression. Statistical analysis revealed that 53BP1 is highly represented among the OLP study patients (p<0.05). Moreover, on the basis of the quantification results of the highly expressed parameters, two illness categories with different severity were evidenced. The classification hypothesis was confirmed by i) OLP lesion persistence, ii) the development of oral severe lesions in the patients belonging to high grade activity OLP group (HGA-OLPs) and iii) the ascertainment of the same evidence both in the oral squamous cell tumor controls (OSCC) and in HGA-OLP cases. CONCLUSION This study completes the scenario with respect to early detection, thanks to a more precise histological analysis, for rationalizing the clinical and histological findings toward a sharable international disease scoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cena
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Department of Translational Medicine (DiMet), UPO and CPO-Piemonte, Novara, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Biomedical Materials, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Migliario
- Dentistry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) "Maggiore della Carità", DiMeT, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Center of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy.,Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Center of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy.,Biomedical Materials, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Ospedale "Sant'Andrea", DiMeT, UPO, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Center of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Firenze, Local Unit UPO, Novara, Italy.,Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.
| | - Guido Valente
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale "Sant'Andrea", DiMeT, UPO, Vercelli, Italy
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15
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Squarzanti DF, Sorrentino R, Landini MM, Chiesa A, Pinato S, Rocchio F, Mattii M, Penengo L, Azzimonti B. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins interact with the nuclear p53-binding protein 1 in an in vitro reconstructed 3D epithelium: new insights for the virus-induced DNA damage response. Virol J 2018; 15:176. [PMID: 30445982 PMCID: PMC6240266 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite vaccination and screening measures, anogenital cancer, mainly promoted by HPV16 oncoproteins, still represents the fourth tumor and the second cause of death among women. Cell replication fidelity is the result of the host DNA damage response (DDR). Unlike many DNA viruses that promote their life cycle through the DDR inactivation, HR-HPVs encourage cells proliferation despite the DDR turned on. Why and how it occurs has been only partially elucidated. During HPV16 infection, E6 links and degrades p53 via the binding to the E6AP LXXLL sequence; unfortunately, E6 direct role in the DDR response has not clearly identified yet. Similarly, E7 increases DDR by competing with E2F1-pRb interaction, thus leading to the inactivation of pRb, and promotion, E2F1 mediated, of DDR genes translation, by binding to the pRb-like proteins CBP/p300 and p107, that also harbour LXXLL sequence, and via the interaction and activation of several DDR proteins. Methods To gain information regarding E6 and E7 contribution in DDR activation, we produced an in vitro 3D HPV16-E6E7 infected epithelium, already consolidated study model for HPVs, and validated it by assessing H&E staining and BrdU, HPV16 DNA, E6E7 proteins and γH2A.X/53BP1 double-strand break (DSBs) sensors expression; then we made an immuno-colocalization of E6 and E7 with cyclin E2 and B1. Since 53BP1, like E6 and E7, also binds p53 and pRb, we supposed their possible direct binding. To explore this hypothesis, we performed a double immunofluorescence of E6 and E7 with 53BP1, a sequence analysis of 53BP1 within its BRCT2 domain and then an in situ PLA within CaSki, E6E7HPV16 NHEKs and the 3D model. Results The in vitro epithelium resembled the histology and the events typical of in vivo infected tissues. E6E7HPV16 were both expressed in basal and differentiated strata and induced H2A.X phosphorylation and 53BP1 increment into nuclear foci. After highlighting E6 and E7 co-expression with 53BP1 and a LKVLL sequence within the 53BP1 BRCT2 domain, we demonstrated the bindings via the PLA technique. Conclusions Our results reinforce E6 and E7 role in cellular function control providing potentially new insights into the activity of this tumor virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Laboratory of applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Manuela Miriam Landini
- Laboratory of applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiesa
- Laboratory of applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pinato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Rocchio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Martina Mattii
- Laboratory of applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenza Penengo
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Laboratory of applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy. .,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM, Firenze, Italy- Local Unit of Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy.
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16
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Bonifacio MA, Cometa S, Cochis A, Gentile P, Ferreira AM, Azzimonti B, Procino G, Ceci E, Rimondini L, De Giglio E. Antibacterial effectiveness meets improved mechanical properties: Manuka honey/gellan gum composite hydrogels for cartilage repair. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:462-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Bonifacio MA, Cometa S, Cochis A, Gentile P, Ferreira AM, Azzimonti B, Procino G, Ceci E, Rimondini L, De Giglio E. Data on Manuka Honey/Gellan Gum composite hydrogels for cartilage repair. Data Brief 2018; 20:831-839. [PMID: 30211283 PMCID: PMC6134162 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work contains original data supporting our research paper “Antibacterial effectiveness meets improved mechanical properties: Manuka Honey/Gellan Gum composite hydrogels for cartilage repair”, Bonifacio et al., in press [1], in which innovative composite hydrogels, based on Gellan Gum/Manuka honey/Halloysite nanotubes were described as biomaterials for cartilage regeneration. Here the composites were further examined by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, in Attenuated Total Reflectance mode (FT-IR/ATR). Materials devoted to cartilage replacement must possess adequate fluid permeability and lubricating capability, therefore, a deeper investigation on water uptake kinetics of freeze-dried specimens up to 21 days in PBS was carried out. Moreover, since the degradation rate of a biomaterial plays a pivotal role in tissue engineering, weight loss measurements of the prepared hydrogels were performed in simulated synovial fluid, in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and in lysozyme. Scanning Electron Microscopy images provide insight into the morphology of the freeze-dried samples. Finally, additional information on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis ability to adhere onto the prepared hydrogel composites in short times were obtained, as well as the chondrogenic potential of the composites assessed by SDS-PAGE followed by Coomassie blue gel staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Bonifacio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “UPO”, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ana M. Ferreira
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “UPO”, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- INSTM, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Edmondo Ceci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “UPO”, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- INSTM, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elvira De Giglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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Airoldi M, Raimondo L, Azzimonti B, Squarzanti DF, Chiusa L, Papotti M, Cappello P, Pecorari G, Valente G. TREM-1 expression in HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OP-SCC). J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e18037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Airoldi
- 2nd Medical Oncology Division, A. O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Raimondo
- ENT Division, Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Lab. of Applied Microbiology, Health Sciences Department, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Chiusa
- Pathology Unit, Oncology Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Patology Unit, Oncology Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pecorari
- ENT Division, Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Valente
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Liguori A, Cochis A, Stancampiano A, Laurita R, Azzimonti B, Sorrentino R, Varoni EM, Petri M, Colombo V, Gherardi M, Rimondini L. Cold atmospheric plasma treatment affects early bacterial adhesion and decontamination of soft reline palatal obturators. Clinical Plasma Medicine 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cochis A, Ferraris S, Sorrentino R, Azzimonti B, Novara C, Geobaldo F, Truffa Giachet F, Vineis C, Varesano A, Sayed Abdelgeliel A, Spriano S, Rimondini L. Silver-doped keratin nanofibers preserve a titanium surface from biofilm contamination and favor soft-tissue healing. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8366-8377. [PMID: 32264505 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01965c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a severe condition affecting the success of transmucosal dental implants: tissue healing is severely limited by the inflammatory processes that come about to control homeostasis in the surrounding tissues. The main cause of peri-implantitis is bacterial biofilm infection; gingival fibroblasts play a pivotal role in regulating the inflammatory cascades. A new technology aimed at preventing bacterial colonization of titanium (Ti) implants, and enhancing the spread of gingival fibroblasts, is presented. Using electro-spinning, mirror-polished Ti disks were uniformly coated with keratin fibers obtained from discarded wool via sulfitolysis. The keratin-coated surfaces were then doped with silver (Ag) to introduce antibacterial properties, using different concentrations of silver nitrate as a precursor (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 M). The resulting specimens were characterized in terms of morphology and chemical composition by FESEM, FTIR and XPS, revealing silver concentrations between 1.7 and 1.9%. Silver release into the medium was evaluated in the presence of cells (α-MEM) or bacteria (LB) by ICP; release was 0.2-1.4 mg l-1 for α-MEM, and 10-40 mg l-1 for LB. The antibacterial properties of the Ag-doped specimens were tested against a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm through morphology (FESEM) and metabolic assay (XTT); reduction in viability was significant (p < 0.05; >80% reduction within 72 h). Lastly, the cytocompatibility of the specimens was confirmed using human primary gingival fibroblasts, whose viability, spread and matrix deposition were found to be comparable to those of untreated Ti polished controls (p > 0.05). Thus, Ag surface enrichment was effective in reducing viability and maturation of S. aureus biofilm, without compromising human cell viability. Moreover, cell spread was found to be very sensitive to keratin fiber stimulation. The strategy thus appears to be very promising to introduce surface features in line with the main requirements for transmucosal dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara (NO), Italy.
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Iriti M, Kubina R, Cochis A, Sorrentino R, Varoni EM, Kabała-Dzik A, Azzimonti B, Dziedzic A, Rimondini L, Wojtyczka RD. Rutin, a Quercetin Glycoside, Restores Chemosensitivity in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1529-1538. [PMID: 28752532 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have documented the ability of flavonoids to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutics and reverse multidrug resistance by inhibition of efflux pumps (adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters), apoptosis activation, and cell cycle arrest. In this study, the flavonoid rutin (quercetin 3-O-β-d-rutinoside) was investigated as chemosensitizer towards two different human epithelial breast cancer cell lines: (i) MB-MDA-231, selected as representative for triple-negative breast cancer and (ii) MCF-7 used as a well-characterized model of HER2-negative breast cancer. To assess the cytocompatibility of rutin against non-cancer cells, primary human mammary fibroblasts were used as control and non-target cells. In MDA-MB-231 cells, 20 μM rutin enhanced cytotoxicity related to cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. Rutin significantly (p < 0.05) increased the anticancer activity of both chemotherapeutics, at 24-48-72 h, and decreased the activity of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters, namely, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Flow cytometry analysis showed 20 μM and 50 μM rutin arrested cell cycle at G2/M and G0/G1 phases, respectively, significantly promoting cell apoptosis. Rutin, via non-selective inhibition of P-gp and BCRP pumps, efficiently reverses multidrug resistance and restores chemosensitivity to cyclophosphamide and cyclophosphamide of human chemoresistant, triple-negative breast cancer cells, successfully arresting cell cycle progression. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Kubina
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena M Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, via Beldiletto 1, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902, Bytom, Poland
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Robert D Wojtyczka
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Azzimonti B, Zavattaro E, Provasi M, Vidali M, Conca A, Catalano E, Rimondini L, Colombo E, Valente G. Intense Foxp3+CD25+regulatory T-cell infiltration is associated with high-grade cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and counterbalanced by CD8+/Foxp3+CD25+ratio. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:64-73. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences; Medical School; University of Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - E. Zavattaro
- Dermatology; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘Maggiore della Carità’; Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - M. Provasi
- Dermatology; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘Maggiore della Carità’; Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - M. Vidali
- Clinical Chemistry; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘Maggiore della Carità’; Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - A. Conca
- Pathology Units; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘Maggiore della Carità’; Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - E. Catalano
- Department of Health Sciences; Medical School; University of Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - L. Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences; Medical School; University of Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - E. Colombo
- Dermatology; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘Maggiore della Carità’; Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine; Medical School; University of Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - G. Valente
- Pathology Units; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘Maggiore della Carità’; Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine; Medical School; University of Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’; 28100 Novara Italy
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Cochis A, Azzimonti B, Della Valle C, Chiesa R, Arciola CR, Rimondini L. Biofilm formation on titanium implants counteracted by grafting gallium and silver ions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1176-87. [PMID: 25044610 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections remain the leading cause of implant failure. Thanks to its established biocompatibility and biomechanical properties, titanium has become one of the most widely used materials for bone implants. Engineered surface modifications of titanium able to thwart biofilm formation while endowing a safe anchorage to eukaryotic cells are being progressively developed. Here surfaces of disks of commercial grade 2 titanium for bone implant were grafted with gallium and silver ions by anodic spark deposition. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface morphology and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used for characterization. Gallium-grafted titanium was evaluated in comparison with silver-grafted titanium for both in vivo and in vitro antibiofilm properties and for in vitro compatibility with human primary gingival fibroblasts. Surface-modified materials showed: (i) homogeneous porous morphology, with pores of micrometric size; (ii) absence of cytotoxic effects; (iii) ability to support in vitro the adhesion and spreading of gingival fibroblasts; and (iv) antibiofilm properties. Although both silver and gallium exhibited in vitro strong antibacterial properties, in vivo gallium was significantly more effective than silver in reducing number and viability of biofilm bacteria colonies. Gallium-based treatments represent promising titanium antibiofilm coatings to develop new bone implantable devices for oral, maxillofacial, and orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Florence, Italy
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Catalano E, Cochis A, Varoni E, Rimondini L, Azzimonti B. Tissue-engineered skin substitutes: an overview. J Artif Organs 2013; 16:397-403. [PMID: 24096542 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-013-0734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extensive skin loss and chronic wounds are still a significant challenge to clinicians: even if injured epidermis is normally able to self-renew, deep injuries can cause negative regulation of the wound healing cascade, leading to chronic wound formation. Skin-autografting surgical procedures are often limited by the poor availability of healthy tissue, whereas the use of non-self-tissues for allografts presents some severe risks. Tissue-engineered skin substitutes have recently become viable as a suitable alternative to auto- and allografts. However, biologists, biochemists, and technical engineers are still struggling to produce complex skin substitutes that can readily be transplanted in large quantities. The ambitious goal is now to construct a dermoepidermal substitute that rapidly vascularizes and optimally supports a stratifying epidermal graft on a biodegradable matrix. This review analyzes these aspects in light of the available literature and the authors' experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Catalano
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, NO, Italy
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Catalano E, Cochis A, Varoni E, Rimondini L, Carrassi A, Azzimonti B. Adipose-derived adult stem cells: available technologies for potential clinical regenerative applications in dentistry. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2013; 41:483-493. [PMID: 24940661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis depends closely on the activity and welfare of adult stem cells. These cells represent a promising tool for biomedical research since they can aid in treatment and promote the regeneration of damaged organs in many human disorders. Adult stem cells indefinitely preserve their ability to self-renew and differentiate into various phenotypes; this capacity could be promoted in vitro by particular culture conditions (differentiation media) or spontaneously induced in vivo by exploiting the biochemical and mechanical properties of the tissue in which the stem cells are implanted. Among the different sources of adult stem cells, adipose tissue is an attractive possibility thanks to its ready availability and the standard extraction techniques at our disposal today. This review discusses the isolation, characterization, and differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells, as well as regeneration strategies, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of their delivery. In particular, since oral disorders (e.g., trauma, erosion, and chronic periodontitis) often cause the loss of dental tissue along with functional, phonetic, and aesthetic impairment, this review focuses on the application of human adipose-derived adult stem cells, alone or in combination with biomaterials, in treating oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Catalano
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Dental Materials, Department of Health Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", (NO); Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), (FI), Italy
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Dental Materials, Department of Health Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", (NO); Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), (FI), Italy
| | - Elena Varoni
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Dental Materials, Department of Health Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", (NO); Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), (FI), Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Dental Materials, Department of Health Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", (NO), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), (FI), Italy
| | - Antonio Carrassi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Odontoiatric Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20122 Milan (MI), Italy
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Borgogna C, Zavattaro E, De Andrea M, Griffin HM, Dell'Oste V, Azzimonti B, Landini MM, Peh WL, Pfister H, Doorbar J, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. Characterization of beta papillomavirus E4 expression in tumours from Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis patients and in experimental models. Virology 2012; 423:195-204. [PMID: 22217391 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a first characterisation of β-HPV life-cycle events in tumours abscised from EV patients (the human model of β-HPV-induced skin cancer), and shows how changes in E4 expression patterns relate to disease severity. β-HPV life-cycle has also been reconstructed in organotypic raft cultures created using EV-derived keratinocytes. In EV lesions and raft cultures, abundant cytoplasmic E4 expression was detectable in differentiating cells along with viral genome amplification as reported for other HPV types. E4 expression was also seen in PCNA-positive basal cells in some EV skin cancers as well as in tumours from HPV8CER (Complete Early Region) transgenic mice. In these lesions, E4 staining extended throughout the full thickness of the epithelium and was apparent in the markedly atypical cells. The loss of such staining at the tumour border suggests a distinct type of E4 dysregulation that may be exploited as a marker of viral expression during β-HPV-associated skin cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Borgogna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School of Novara, Italy
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Landini MM, Zavattaro E, Borgogna C, Azzimonti B, De Andrea M, Colombo E, Marenco F, Amantea A, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. Lack of EVER2 protein in two epidermodysplasia verruciformis patients with skin cancer presenting previously unreported homozygous genetic deletions in the EVER2 gene. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:1305-8. [PMID: 22158547 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Borgogna C, Toniutto P, Smirne C, Azzimonti B, Rittà M, Avellini C, Fabris C, Landolfo S, Gariglio M, Pirisi M. Expression of the interferon-inducible proteins MxA and IFI16 in liver allografts. Histopathology 2009; 54:837-46. [PMID: 19635103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test the hypothesis that the activation of the interferon (IFN) system pathways might link hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence in the liver allograft with acute cellular rejection. METHODS AND RESULTS In this retrospective study, allograft biopsy specimens from 28 adult patients (14 HCV+ and 14 HCV-) who had undergone their first liver transplantation were analysed. Eleven biopsy specimens showed acute cellular rejection (Banff rejection activity index score > or =3). Specimens were immunostained for two IFN-inducible proteins, MxA and IFI16, and for CD45. The predominant MxA reactivity pattern was hepatocytic, whereas IFI16 was expressed in both the hepatocellular and inflammatory compartments. Moderate to strong MxA expression in hepatocytes was associated positively with rejection score (P < 0.01), donor's age < or =45 years (P < 0.05) and aspartate aminotransferase levels >40 U/l on the day of biopsy (P < 0.05), and inversely with infiltration of portal triads by IFI16+/CD45+ cells (P < 0.005) and time to progression beyond Ishak stage 2 of recurrent hepatitis C (P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, MxA expression in hepatocytes was independently associated with allograft rejection and donor's age. CONCLUSIONS Acute allograft rejection and recurrence of HCV infection in the liver allograft appear to intersect in the IFN system pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Borgogna
- DPMSC, Medical Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Azzimonti B, Dell'oste V, Borgogna C, Mondini M, Gugliesi F, De Andrea M, Chiorino G, Scatolini M, Ghimenti C, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by keratinocyte growth conditions is overcome by E6 and E7 from HPV16, but not HPV8 and HPV38: characterization of global transcription profiles. Virology 2009; 388:260-9. [PMID: 19398117 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth properties of primary human keratinocytes expressing E6 and E7 proteins, which are from either the beta- or alpha-genotypes, under different culture conditions. We demonstrated that keratinocytes expressing E6 and E7, from both HPV8 and 38, irreversibly underwent the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) when grown on plastic with FAD medium (F12/DMEM/5%FBS). Expression of E6/E7 from HPV16 was capable of fully overcoming the FAD-induced EMT. Immortalization was only observed in HPV16-transduced cell lines, while the more proliferating phenotype of both KerHPV8 and 38 was mainly related to FAD-induced EMT. Microarray analysis of exponentially growing cells identified 146 cellular genes that were differentially regulated in HPV16 compared to HPV8- and 38-transduced cells. A large accumulation of transcripts associated with epidermal development and differentiation was observed in HPV16-transduced cells, whereas transcripts of genes involved in the extracellular matrix, multicellular organismal processes, and inflammatory response were affected in HPV8 and 38-transduced cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School of Novara, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Ciotti M, Marzano V, Giuliani L, Nuccetelli M, D'Aguanno S, Azzimonti B, Bernardini S, Perno CF, Urbani A, Favalli C, Federici G. Proteomic investigation in A549 lung cell line stably infected by HPV16E6/E7 oncogenes. Respiration 2008; 77:427-39. [PMID: 19023193 DOI: 10.1159/000176209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data have accumulated implicating the involvement of oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in bronchial carcinogenesis. We recently described the presence of oncogenic HPV transcripts in non-small cell lung cancers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of oncogenic HPVs in lung carcinogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The lung cell line A549 stably infected with HPV16E6, HPV16E7 and HPVE6/E7 constructs was used to investigate the protein profile changes associated with the expression of these oncogenes. Replicated two-dimensional gel electrophoresis gels from uninfected and stably HPV16E6-, E7-, and E6/E7-infected A549 cells were compared for changes in protein profile. Protein identification was achieved by peptide mass fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF-MS and nLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS peptide ladder sequencing. RESULTS We identified 17 different polypeptides whose average normalized spot intensity was statistically significant (p < 0.05) and differed by 2-fold. Relationships between differentially expressed proteins and the HPV-induced infection mechanism have been clustered by knowledge-base database functional association network analysis. CONCLUSION The impact of Hsp27, annexin III, annexin IV, Gp96 and TPT1 on the cellular response mechanism to HPV infection is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ciotti
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Dell'Oste V, Azzimonti B, Mondini M, De Andrea M, Borgogna C, Mesturini R, Accardi R, Tommasino M, Landolfo S, Dianzani U, Gariglio M. Altered expression of UVB-induced cytokines in human papillomavirus-immortalized epithelial cells. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:2461-2466. [PMID: 18796714 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes can be induced to produce cytokines by exogenous stimuli, such as UVB, and dysregulation of this production has been described in various skin diseases, including cancer. In this study, we compared the effect of UVB on the secretion of several cytokines involved in inflammation by human keratinocytes immortalized or not with human papillomavirus (HPV)16 or HPV38 at the mRNA and protein levels. We show that expression of the HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins influences not only the basal cytokine secretion profile of keratinocytes, but also its modulation upon UVB irradiation. In particular, UVB upregulates interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in HPV-immortalized cells to a higher extent than in control keratinocytes. Moreover, expression of other pro-inflammatory molecules such as S100A8/9 and interferon (IFN)-kappa was downregulated in HPV-immortalized cells. These data support the functional similarity between HPV16 and 38, and suggest an active role of these viruses in modulation of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Dell'Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School of Novara, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School of Novara, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Michele Mondini
- NoToPharm s.r.l., Bioindustry Park del Canavese, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School of Novara, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, Medical School of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School of Novara, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Borgogna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School of Novara, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mesturini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School of Novara, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rosita Accardi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Santo Landolfo
- NoToPharm s.r.l., Bioindustry Park del Canavese, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, Medical School of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- NoToPharm s.r.l., Bioindustry Park del Canavese, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School of Novara, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Mazibrada J, Rittà M, Mondini M, De Andrea M, Azzimonti B, Borgogna C, Ciotti M, Orlandi A, Surico N, Chiusa L, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. Corrigendum to “Interaction between inflammation and angiogenesis during different stages of cervical carcinogenesis” [Gynecol. Oncol. 108 (2008) 112–120]. Gynecol Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zavattaro E, Azzimonti B, Mondini M, De Andrea M, Borgogna C, Dell'Oste V, Ferretti M, Nicola S, Cappellano G, Carando A, Leigheb G, Landolfo S, Dianzani U, Gariglio M. Identification of Defective Fas Function and Variation of the Perforin Gene in an Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis Patient Lacking EVER1 and EVER2 Mutations. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:732-5. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mazibrada J, Rittà M, Mondini M, De Andrea M, Azzimonti B, Borgogna C, Ciotti M, Orlando A, Surico N, Chiusa L, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. Interaction between inflammation and angiogenesis during different stages of cervical carcinogenesis. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 108:112-20. [PMID: 17936343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of angiogenesis and inflammatory cell response in cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS Formalin-fixed tissue specimens from 58 uterine cervical specimens (8 CIN1, 14 CIN2, 28 CIN3, and 8 SCC), representing the different stages of cervical carcinogenesis, were immunohistochemically analyzed. Normal cervical tissue specimens were also included as controls. The present study assessed the expression of CD31 and CD105 to evaluate microvessel density (MVD), the macrophage marker CD68 and the panleukocyte marker CD45. In addition, expression of iNOS (inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase) was also evaluated. RESULTS MVD, measured by either CD31 or CD105, increased along the continuum from normal epithelium to squamous cell carcinoma, and a significant correlation between the CD105-MVD and the CD31-MVD was observed (r=0.8735; p<0.0001). Furthermore, the number of infiltrating macrophages was significantly associated with progression to malignancy. Interestingly, there was a close positive correlation between macrophage counts and CD105-MVD (r=0.7525; p<0.0001). In striking contrast to the other angiogenic and inflammatory markers tested, iNOS expression was significantly reduced as cervical lesion grade progressed from low to high. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated a positive correlation between neovascularity and macrophage counts, whereas iNOS expression displayed an inverse relationship with macrophage density and tumor progression. Low iNOS expression may modify the function of tumor-infiltrating macrophages toward a malignant phenotype that promotes tumor progression rather than an anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Mazibrada
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, Medical School of Turin, Turin, Italy
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De Andrea M, Gioia D, Mondini M, Azzimonti B, Renò F, Pecorari G, Landolfo V, Tommasino M, Accardi R, Herold-Mende C, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. Effects of IFI16 overexpression on the growth and doxorubicin sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma–derived cell lines. Head Neck 2007; 29:835-44. [PMID: 17510972 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), we showed that the levels of the interferon-inducible protein IFI16 inversely correlate with cancer grade. In this study, we further evaluate the molecular role of IFI16 in the development of HNSCCs. METHODS The effect of IFI16 expression was evaluated by its retroviral restoration in an IFI16-negative HNSCC-derived cell line, HNO136. Growth rate and soft agar colony formation were evaluated. The effect of IFI16 restoration in cells exposed to doxorubicin was also analyzed. RESULTS IFI16 restoration resulted in the inhibition of both cell growth and in vitro transforming activity and increased doxorubicin-induced cell death by accumulating the cells at the G2/M phase. CONCLUSION In agreement with our previous in vivo data, IFI16 appears to be involved in maintaining the normal growth of epithelial cells, whereas its downregulation may contribute to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, Medical School of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy
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De Andrea M, Mondini M, Azzimonti B, Dell'Oste V, Germano S, Gaudino G, Musso T, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. Alpha- and betapapillomavirus E6/E7 genes differentially modulate pro-inflammatory gene expression. Virus Res 2006; 124:220-5. [PMID: 17079045 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes, the target cell of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, can produce numerous cytokines and pro-inflammatory molecules which are important for the generation of an effective immune response. How this biological response, which involves the tumor stroma, is affected by the HPV oncoproteins within the epithelial cell itself is not clear. Here it is shown that oncoproteins of different HPV genotypes (alpha- versus beta-HPV genus) alter the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in early passage primary human keratinocytes and the immortalized cell line HaCaT. HPV5 E6/E7 oncoproteins significantly induced interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. By contrast, the same molecules were down-regulated or not modulated in HPV16 E6/E7 transduced keratinocytes. Interestingly, HPV38 oncoproteins expression resulted in a lower induction of pro-inflammatory molecules, resembling the behavior displayed by the mucosal carcinogenic HPV16. Finally, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels and nitric oxide (NO) production were induced at similar levels by all the HPV genotypes tested. These results further emphasize the different biological activities among HPV genotypes, and offer new insights into HPV-associated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, Medical School of Torino,Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Lembo D, Donalisio M, Cornaglia M, Azzimonti B, Demurtas A, Landolfo S. Effect of high-risk human papillomavirus oncoproteins on p53R2 gene expression after DNA damage. Virus Res 2006; 122:189-93. [PMID: 16872707 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The p53R2 protein is a p53-inducible small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. It plays a crucial role in p53-dependent cellular response to DNA damage and oxidative stress by providing deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) to the DNA repair machinery and by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). To investigate the effects of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins on p53R2 expression after DNA damage, we analyzed the p53R2 protein levels in human cells ectopically expressing the HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes, and in the HPV-positive cancer cell lines SiHa, CaSki and HeLa, exposed to adriamycin or to H(2)O(2). We found that in normal cells, p53R2 expression is efficiently induced by both H(2)O(2) and adriamycin, supporting the role of p53R2 in cellular response to oxidative stress. Ectopic expression of E6 impaired p53 and p53R2 induction after DNA damage in human fibroblasts. Moreover, SiHa, CaSki and HeLa cells were unresponsive to H(2)O(2) exposure, and adriamycin induced p53R2 levels only in SiHa cells. Our results imply that high-risk HPV infection may suppress the p53R2-dependent dNTPs supply to the DNA repair system and the ROS scavenging activity; they also suggest that an altered p53R2 response to genotoxins and to oxidative stress may contribute to HPV-induced genetic instability and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lembo
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Mondini M, Vidali M, De Andrea M, Azzimonti B, Airò P, D'Ambrosio R, Riboldi P, Meroni PL, Albano E, Shoenfeld Y, Gariglio M, Landolfo S. A novel autoantigen to differentiate limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis from diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: The interferon-inducible gene IFI16. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:3939-44. [PMID: 17133607 DOI: 10.1002/art.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies against the interferon-inducible gene IFI16 in systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and other autoimmune diseases. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate the expression of IFI16 in skin biopsy specimens obtained from patients with SSc and patients with SLE. Levels of antibodies against IFI16 in sera from 82 patients with SSc and 100 patients with SLE were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other autoimmune diseases such as primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic urticaria, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were also examined. RESULTS Expression of IFI16 was greatly increased and was ubiquitous in all layers of the epidermis and in the dermal inflammatory infiltrates of lesional skin from both patients with SLE and patients with SSc. Patients with SLE, those with primary SS, and those with SSc exhibited significantly higher anti-IFI16 IgG antibody levels compared with normal controls (for SLE, P < 0.002; for primary SS, P < 0.001; for SSc, P < 0.0005). Anti-IFI16 titers above the ninety-fifth percentile for control subjects were observed in 26% of the patients with SLE, 50% of those with primary SS, and 21% of those with SSc (28% of patients with limited cutaneous SSc [lcSSc] versus 4% of patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc [dcSSc]). In contrast, the prevalence of anti-IFI16 was 4% in patients with RA, 5% in those with chronic urticaria, and 13% in those with HCV infection. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide evidence that an IFN-inducible gene, IFI16, may be involved in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of connective tissue disorders such as SSc. Moreover, a strict correlation with lcSSc was also demonstrated, thus providing a novel tool in the differential diagnosis of lcSSc from dcSSc.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Autoantigens
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Hepatitis C/blood
- Hepatitis C/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Proteins/immunology
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/immunology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Scleroderma, Diffuse/blood
- Scleroderma, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Scleroderma, Diffuse/immunology
- Scleroderma, Limited/blood
- Scleroderma, Limited/diagnosis
- Scleroderma, Limited/immunology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/blood
- Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mondini
- Medical School of Turin, Turin, and Medical School of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Azzimonti B, Mondini M, De Andrea M, Gioia D, Dianzani U, Mesturini R, Leigheb G, Tiberio R, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. CD8+ T-cell lymphocytopenia and lack of EVER mutations in a patient with clinically and virologically typical epidermodysplasia verruciformis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 141:1323-5. [PMID: 16230580 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.141.10.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Azzimonti B, Pagano M, Mondini M, De Andrea M, Valente G, Monga G, Tommasino M, Aluffi P, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. Altered patterns of the interferon-inducible gene IFI16 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: immunohistochemical study including correlation with retinoblastoma protein, human papillomavirus infection and proliferation index. Histopathology 2005; 45:560-72. [PMID: 15569046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.02000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether the expression of interferon (IFN)-inducible gene IFI16 is inversely related to proliferative activity in vivo, we compared immunohistochemical reactivity of IFI16 in a series of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) with their proliferation index and the cell cycle regulator pRb. As human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is manifested by changes in the function or expression level of host genes such as IFN-inducible genes, we also investigated the presence of HPV DNA to determine whether head and neck cancers associated with HPV DNA can be distinguished from tumours that are presumably transformed by other mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-six HNSCCs were evaluated for IFI16, pRb and Ki67 expression by immunohistochemistry. The presence of HPV was also detected by polymerase chain reaction. Nine tumours were located in the oropharynx (tonsillar area) and 27 in the larynx. RESULTS HPV DNA was found in 14 of 25 (56%) laryngeal SCCs and in five of nine (56%) tonsillar SCC specimens examined; 17 out of the 19 HPV-DNA-positive cases showed high-grade IFI16 expression. Overall, proliferative activity was significantly related to tumour differentiation and histological grading. IFI16 protein expression was significantly inversely correlated with Ki67 (P = 0.039). Low-proliferating tumours positive for IFI16 staining showed a marked expression of pRb and a better prognosis than those whose tumours had low IFI16, pRb levels and a high proliferation index. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first expression analysis of the IFN-inducible IFI16 gene in HNSCC. Low-proliferating tumours positive for IFI16 staining showed a marked expression of pRb and a better prognosis than those whose tumours had low IFI16, pRb levels and a high proliferation index.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Azzimonti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Novara, Italy
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De Andrea M, Zannetti C, Noris E, Gariglio M, Azzimonti B, Landolfo S. The mouse interferon-inducible gene Ifi204 product interacts with the Tpr protein, a component of the nuclear pore complex. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2002; 22:1113-21. [PMID: 12513910 DOI: 10.1089/10799900260442539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used yeast two-hybrid screening to isolate cDNA-encoding proteins interacting with the protein encoded by the interferon (IFN)-inducible gene Ifi204. Four independent overlapping clones were isolated from an NIH3T3 cDNA library. The largest clone encoded a protein (1203 amino acids in length) sharing 94% identity with the C-terminal portion of the human translocated promoter region (Tpr) protein. Northern blot analysis revealed a 7.5-kilobase mRNA present in both mouse and human cell lines. In addition, in vivo interaction was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Anti-Tpr polyclonal monospecific antibodies (Ab) used for immunofluorescence staining labeled the nuclear envelope (NE) in a punctate pattern characteristic of nucleoporins and also yielded staining throughout the nuclear interior. The intranuclear Tpr occurred in apparently discrete foci. When superimposed on optical sections obtained with anti-p204 Abs, these colocalized, with the sole exception of the nucleolar compartment stained by the anti-p204 Abs only. Although the specific function of Tpr is not defined, it appears to mediate p204 translocation from the cytoplasmic to the nuclear compartment following IFN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Andrea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, 28100-Novara, Italy
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Gariglio M, Azzimonti B, Pagano M, Palestro G, De Andrea M, Valente G, Voglino G, Navino L, Landolfo S. Immunohistochemical expression analysis of the human interferon-inducible gene IFI16, a member of the HIN200 family, not restricted to hematopoietic cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2002; 22:815-21. [PMID: 12184920 DOI: 10.1089/107999002320271413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first description of an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of interferon (IFN)-inducible gene IFI16 expression in normal tissues. Immunohistochemical detection of IFI16 in paraffin-embedded tissues is achieved by using a polyclonal antibody raised against its C-terminal fragment that recognizes its three closely migrating isoforms in Western blotting. The results clearly indicate that IFI16 expression is not restricted to the hematopoietic compartment. In normal adult human tissues, it is prominent in stratified squamous epithelia and particularly intense in parabasal cells in the proliferating compartments, but it gradually decreases in the more differentiated suprabasal layers. Understanding of IFI16 expression in vivo is essential for interpretation of the results obtained from in vitro studies and elucidation of its physiologic role. The constitutive expression and wider distribution of IFI16 in normal human tissues, not restricted to the hematopoietic compartment, strongly support the possibility of an important role in cell differentiation that can be further modulated by other stimuli, such as IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Gariglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, 28100-Novara, Italy
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De Andrea M, Ravotto M, Noris E, Ying GG, Gioia D, Azzimonti B, Gariglio M, Landolfo S. The interferon-inducible gene, Ifi204, acquires malignant transformation capability upon mutation at the Rb-binding sites. FEBS Lett 2002; 515:51-7. [PMID: 11943193 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
p204 overexpression in retinoblastoma (Rb)-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts or transfection of p204 mutated at both Rb-binding sites confer growth advantages, resulting in a significantly higher number of foci in a cell focus assay. To investigate the possibility that mutated p204 acquires malignant transformation capability, NIH3T3 cells were stably transfected with the expression vector pRcRSV204 double-mutant (p204dm) harboring both the C-terminal deletion up to amino acid 568 and the point mutation from glutamic acid to lysine at position 427, and analyzed for markers typical of cell immortalization and transformation. We detected a greater abundance of cell colonies in soft agar with p204dm-expressing cells than vector control cells. The p204dm-transfected cells also displayed two other characteristics associated with malignant transformation, i.e. growth under low-serum conditions and formation of tumors in athymic nude mice. Moreover, their telomerase activity was significantly higher than in the vector control cells. It would thus seem that p204, devoid of functional Rb-binding motifs, can become oncogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, Medical School, Via Santena 9, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Hertel L, Rolle S, De Andrea M, Azzimonti B, Osello R, Gribaudo G, Gariglio M, Landolfo S. The retinoblastoma protein is an essential mediator that links the interferon-inducible 204 gene to cell-cycle regulation. Oncogene 2000; 19:3598-608. [PMID: 10951565 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of p204, a member of the Ifi 200 gene family, inhibits growth, delays G0/G1 progression into S phase, and impairs E2F-mediated transcriptional activity. In this study, we show that p204 directly binds the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) in vivo to exert its activity. Transient p204 overexpression in Rb+/+ mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) inhibits cell proliferation, but does not affect cell growth in MEF derived from Rb-/- mice. Two human cell lines, Saos2 and C33A, bearing an inactive pRb, but not primary human embryo fibroblasts, are resistant to the p204 antiproliferative activity. p204 contains two 200 amino acid motifs, designated as type a or b domains, each containing a canonical Rb binding motif (LXCXE). When dominant-negative mutants at the Rb binding motif were transfected in Rb+/+ MEF, p204 lost its ability to inhibit cell growth, delay cell transition from G1 to S phase, and impair DNA synthesis. Moreover p204 overexpression in Rb+/+ MEF led to a significant decrease of both DHFR and PCNA proteins, two S phase markers. By contrast, this effect was not observed when Rb+/+ MEF were transfected with a p204 mutated at both Rb binding sites. Finally, overexpression of the LXCXE p204 mutant rendered Rb+/+ MEF resistant to the IFN-alpha antiproliferative activity, in comparison to the untransfected Rb+/+ MEF. As expected, Rb-/- cells were unsensitive to the IFN-alpha induced growth inhibition. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that (i) p204 contributes to the IFN-alpha antiproliferative activity and (ii) the primary target of p204 leading to efficient G1 arrest as well as to blockade of DNA replication from G1 phase is the pRb regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hertel
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School of Novara, Italy
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Hertel L, De Andrea M, Azzimonti B, Rolle A, Gariglio M, Landolfo S. The interferon-inducible 204 gene, a member of the Ifi 200 family, is not involved in the antiviral state induction by IFN-alpha, but is required by the mouse cytomegalovirus for its replication. Virology 1999; 262:1-8. [PMID: 10489335 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.9885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether Ifi 200 genes are involved in antiviral state induction by IFNs we expressed mutant forms capable of inactivating the endogenous p204 and analyzed replication of both RNA and DNA viruses following IFN-alpha treatment. Inactivation of p204 does not impair replication of vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, ectromelia virus, and herpes simplex virus 1 and does not alter an IFN-alpha induced antiviral state. By contrast, in cells lacking functional p204, mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) replication is strongly inhibited and is not further modulated by IFN-alpha. These results suggest that p204, a member of the Ifi 200 gene family, is not involved in the IFN-alpha-induced antiviral activity against some RNA or DNA viruses, but is required by MCMV for its replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hertel
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School of Novara, Novara, Italy
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46
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Azzimonti B, Hertel L, Aluffi P, Pia F, Monga G, Zocchi M, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. Demonstration of multiple HPV types in laryngeal premalignant lesions using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. J Med Virol 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199909)59:1<110::aid-jmv18>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Azzimonti B, Hertel L, Aluffi P, Pia F, Monga G, Zocchi M, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. Demonstration of multiple HPV types in laryngeal premalignant lesions using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. J Med Virol 1999; 59:110-6. [PMID: 10440817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in both the development of carcinoma and in premalignant mucosal lesions of the oral cavity. This study examined the relationship of HPV infection to some pathological features in precancerous lesions of the larynx, not examined extensively so far. Fifty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections containing human laryngeal precancerous lesions were screened for the presence of HPV infection by polymerase chain reaction, and for capsid protein expression by immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antibody directed against the L1 protein. The presence of HPV DNA was detected in 28 of 50 specimens (56%), including 9/12 cases with mild dysplasia (75%), 3/6 cases with moderate dysplasia (50%), and 7/11 cases with severe dysplasia (64%). Multiple HPV infections, containing two or three types, were detected in 17 of the 28 HPV-positive lesions (60%). Of 21 cases with keratosis and no dysplasia, 11 were positive for HPV DNA (52%) and 4 showed L1 staining (36%). By contrast, L1 positivity was revealed only in two lesions with moderate dysplasia, confirming that fully productive HPV infection is strictly dependent on epithelial differentiation and surface keratinization. The probability that HPV is a cofactor in the malignant progression of these lesions is suggested by the fact that 3/4 patients who developed cancer within 50 months were positive for HPV DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Azzimonti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School of Novara, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Italy
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Abstract
Iron may be important in catalyzing excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cellular iron homeostasis is regulated by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), which bind to iron-responsive elements (IRE) of mRNAs for ferritin and transferrin receptor (TfR) modulating iron uptake and sequestration, respectively. Although iron is the main regulator of IRP activity, IRP is also influenced by other factors, including the redox state. Therefore, IRP might be sensitive to pathophysiological alterations of redox state caused by ROS. However, previous studies have produced diverging evidence on the effect of oxidative injury on IRP. Results obtained in an animal model close to a pathophysiological condition, such as ischemia reperfusion of the liver as well as in a cell-free system involving an enzymatic source of O2 and H2O2, indicate that IRP is downregulated by oxidative stress. In fact, IRP activity is inhibited at early times of post-ischemic reperfusion. Moreover, the concerted action of O2 and H2O2 produced by xanthine oxidase in a cell-free system caused a remarkable inhibition of IRP activity. IRP seems a direct target of ROS; in fact, in vivo inhibition can be prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. In addition, modulation of iron levels of the cell-free assay did not affect the downregulation imposed by xanthine oxidase. Conceivably, downregulation of IRP activity by O2 and H2O2 may facilitate iron sequestration into ferritin, thus limiting the pro-oxidant challenge of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cairo
- Centro di Studio sulla Patologia Cellulare CNR, Milano, Italy.
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