1
|
Clericuzio M, Novello G, Bivona M, Gamalero E, Bona E, Caramaschi A, Massa N, Asteggiano A, Medana C. A Study of Metabolites from Basidiomycota and Their Activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:326. [PMID: 38667002 PMCID: PMC11047493 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes research aimed at developing new drugs from natural compounds. Fungi are important producers of bioactive molecules, and they are often effective against other fungi and/or bacteria and are thus a potential source of new antibiotics. Basidiomycota crude extracts, which have previously been proven to be active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, were subjected to liquid chromatographic separation by RP-18, leading to six macro-fractions for each fungal extract. The various fractions were tested for their bioactivities against P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, and ten of them were characterized by HPLC-HRMS and NMR. Further chromatographic separations were performed for a few selected macro-fractions, yielding seven pure compounds. Bioactivity was mainly found in the lipophilic fractions containing fatty acids and their derivatives, such as hydroxy or keto C-18 unsaturated acids, and in various complex lipids, such as glycolipids and related compounds. More hydrophilic molecules, such as GABA, phenethylamine, two chromogenic anthraquinoids and pistillarin, were also isolated, and their antibacterial activities were recorded. The novelties of this research are as follows: (i) the genera Cortinarius and Mycena have never been investigated before for the synthesis of antibiotic compounds; (ii) the molecules produced by these genera are known, but their production has never been reported in the investigated fungi; (iii) the determination of bacterial siderophore synthesis inhibition by certain compounds from Cortinarius and Mycena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Clericuzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.C.); (G.N.); (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.C.); (G.N.); (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Mattia Bivona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.C.); (G.N.); (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.C.); (G.N.); (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Laboratori di Ricerca—Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alice Caramaschi
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.C.); (G.N.); (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Alberto Asteggiano
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Medana
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caputo M, Pigni S, Antoniotti V, Agosti E, Caramaschi A, Antonioli A, Aimaretti G, Manfredi M, Bona E, Prodam F. Targeting microbiota in dietary obesity management: a systematic review on randomized control trials in adults. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11449-11481. [PMID: 35708057 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2087593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an alarming public health problem. Tailored nutritional therapy is advisable since emerging evidence on complex cross-talks among multifactorial agents. In this picture, the gut microbiota is highly individualized and intricately dependent on dietary patterns, with implications for obesity management. Most of the papers on the topic are observational and often conflicting. This review aimed to systematically organize the body of evidence on microbiota deriving from dietary trials in adult obesity giving the most certain phylogenetic, and metabolomic signatures in relation to both the host metabolism and phenotype changes published until now. We retrieved 18 randomized control trials on 1385 subjects with obesity who underwent several dietary interventions, including standard diet and healthy dietary regimens. Some phyla and species were more related to diets rich in fibers and others to healthy diets. Weight loss, metabolism improvements, inflammatory markers decrease were specifically related to different microorganisms or functions. The Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio was one of the most reported predictors. People with the burden of obesity comorbidities had the most significant taxonomic changes in parallel with a general improvement. These data emphasize the possibility of using symbiotic approaches involving tailored diets, microbiota characteristics, and maybe drugs to treat obesity and metabolic disorders. We encourage Authors to search for specific phylogenetic associations beyond a too generally reported Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Caputo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stella Pigni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Antoniotti
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agosti
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alice Caramaschi
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonioli
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nasuelli M, Novello G, Gamalero E, Massa N, Gorrasi S, Sudiro C, Hochart M, Altissimo A, Vuolo F, Bona E. PGPB and/or AM Fungi Consortia Affect Tomato Native Rhizosphere Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1891. [PMID: 37630451 PMCID: PMC10458106 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes are one of the most important crops worldwide and also play a central role in the human diet. Microbial consortia are microorganism associations, often employed as bioinoculants, that can interact with the native rhizosphere microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a bacterial-based biostimulant (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) (PSBA) in combination, or not, with a commercial inoculum Micomix (Rhizoglomus irregulare, Funnelliformis mosseae, Funnelliformis caledonium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus) (MYC) on the native rhizosphere communities and on tomato production. The trial was carried out using Solanum lycopersicum in an open field as follows: control full NPK (CFD), control reduced NPK (CRD), MYC, PSBA, PSBA + MYC. Bacterial population in the different samples were characterized using a next generation sequencing approach. The bioinocula effect on the native rhizosphere microbiota resulted in significant variation both in alpha and beta diversity and in a specific signature associated with the presence of biostimulants, especially in the presence of co-inoculation (PSBA + MYC). In particular, the high initial biodiversity shifts in the community composition occurred and consisted in the increase in the abundance of genera correlated to the soil acidification and in an enhanced density of nitrogen-fixing microbes. The results also highlighted the well-known rhizosphere effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nasuelli
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica (DISSTE), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Susanna Gorrasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Cristina Sudiro
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Marie Hochart
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Adriano Altissimo
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica (DISSTE), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
- Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pulcini L, Bona E, Vaudano ET, Tsolakis C, Garcia-Moruno E, Costantini A, Gamalero E. The Impact of a Commercial Biostimulant on the Grape Mycobiota of Vitis vinifera cv. Barbera. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1873. [PMID: 37630432 PMCID: PMC10457965 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the use of fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides in order to limit environmental pollution and health risks for agricultural operators and consumers is one of the goals of European regulations. In fact, the European Commission developed a package of measures (the European Green Deal) to promote the sustainable use of natural resources and strengthen the resilience of European agri-food systems. As a consequence, new plant protection products, such as biostimulants, have been proposed as alternatives to agrochemicals. Their application in agroecosystems could potentially open new scenarios regarding the microbiota. In particular, the vineyard microbiota and the microbiota on the grape surface can be affected by biostimulants and lead to different wine features. The aim of this work was to assess the occurrence of a possible variation in the mycobiota due to the biostimulant application. Therefore, our attention has been focused on the yeast community of grape bunches from vines subjected to the phytostimulant BION®50WG treatment. This work was carried out in the CREA-VE experimental vineyard of Vitis vinifera cv. Barbera in Asti (Piedmont, Italy). The composition of fungal communities on grapes from three experimental conditions such as IPM (integrated pest management), IPM+BION®50WG, and IPM+water foliar nebulization was compared by a metabarcoding approach. Our results revealed the magnitude of alpha and beta diversity, and the microbial biodiversity index and specific fungal signatures were highlighted by comparing the abundance of yeast and filamentous fungi in IPM and BION®50WG treatments. No significant differences in the mycobiota of grapevines subjected to the three treatments were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pulcini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria—Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia (CREA-VE), Via P. Micca 35, 14100 Asti, Italy; (E.T.V.); (C.T.); (E.G.-M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica (DISSTE), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Enrico Tommaso Vaudano
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria—Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia (CREA-VE), Via P. Micca 35, 14100 Asti, Italy; (E.T.V.); (C.T.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Christos Tsolakis
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria—Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia (CREA-VE), Via P. Micca 35, 14100 Asti, Italy; (E.T.V.); (C.T.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Emilia Garcia-Moruno
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria—Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia (CREA-VE), Via P. Micca 35, 14100 Asti, Italy; (E.T.V.); (C.T.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Antonella Costantini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria—Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia (CREA-VE), Via P. Micca 35, 14100 Asti, Italy; (E.T.V.); (C.T.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Clavenna MG, La Vecchia M, Sculco M, Joseph S, Barberis E, Amede E, Mellai M, Brossa S, Borgonovi G, Occhipinti P, Boldorini R, Robotti E, Azzimonti B, Bona E, Pasolli E, Ferrante D, Manfredi M, Aspesi A, Dianzani I. Distinct Signatures of Tumor-Associated Microbiota and Metabolome in Low-Grade vs. High-Grade Dysplastic Colon Polyps: Inference of Their Role in Tumor Initiation and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3065. [PMID: 37370676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the driver-passenger model for colorectal cancer (CRC), the tumor-associated microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem of bacterial species where bacteria with carcinogenic features linked to CRC initiation are defined as "drivers", while opportunistic bacteria colonizing more advanced tumor stages are known as "passengers". We reasoned that also gut microbiota-associated metabolites may be differentially enriched according to tumor stage, and be potential determinants of CRC development. Thus, we characterized the mucosa- and lumen-associated microbiota (MAM and LAM, respectively) and mucosa-associated metabolites in low- vs. high-grade dysplastic colon polyps from 78 patients. We show that MAM, obtained with a new biopsy-preserving approach, and LAM differ in composition and α/β-diversity. By stratifying patients for polyp histology, we found that bacteria proposed as passengers by previous studies colonized high-grade dysplastic adenomas, whereas driver taxa were enriched in low-grade polyps. Furthermore, we report altered "mucosa-associated metabolite" levels in low- vs. high-grade groups. Integrated microbiota-metabolome analysis suggests the involvement of the gut microbiota in the production and consumption of these metabolites. Altogether, our findings support the involvement of bacterial species and associated metabolites in CRC mucosal homeostasis in a tumor-stage-specific manner. These distinct signatures may be used to distinguish low-grade from high-grade dysplastic polyps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta La Vecchia
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marika Sculco
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Soni Joseph
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elia Amede
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Mellai
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Brossa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Borgonovi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pietro Occhipinti
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Maggiore della Carità" Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Robotti
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reitano E, Francone E, Bona E, Follenzi A, Gentilli S. Gut Microbiota Association with Diverticular Disease Pathogenesis and Progression: A Systematic Review. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:913-921. [PMID: 35796855 PMCID: PMC10011305 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growing evidence supports the role of the intestinal microbiome in the development of different intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Diverticular disease (DD) is one of the most common disorders in western countries. In the last years, different articles have suggested a possible role of the intestinal microbiome in DD pathogenesis and in the development of acute diverticulitis (AD). This systematic review aimed to clarify the current knowledge on the role of the intestinal microbiome in colonic diverticulitis in different stages according to the 2009 PRISMA guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two independent reviewers searched the literature in a systematic manner through online databases, including Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Register, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database, and Google Scholar. Patients with any stage of disease were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale for case-control and cohort studies was used for the quality assessment of the selected articles. RESULTS Overall, nine studies were included in the review. Only one article was focused on patients with AD, while all other articles only considered patients with DD without acute inflammation signs. Enterobacteriaceae seems to be the microbiota most associated with the disease, followed by Bifidobacteria. CONCLUSIONS All the included studies showed great heterogeneity in population characteristics and sampling methods. Therefore, given the high prevalence of colonic diverticulitis in the general population, further studies are needed to clarify the role of the intestinal microbiome, paving the way to new target therapies with important social implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Reitano
- grid.16563.370000000121663741Department of Translational Medicine, Maggiore Della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Francone
- grid.16563.370000000121663741Division of General Surgery, Department of Health Sciences, Maggiore Della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- grid.16563.370000000121663741Department of Science and Innovation in Technologies, University of Eastern Piedmont, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- grid.16563.370000000121663741Department of Translational Medicine, Maggiore Della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sergio Gentilli
- grid.16563.370000000121663741Division of General Surgery, Department of Health Sciences, Maggiore Della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Robert C, Cascella F, Mellai M, Barizzone N, Mignone F, Massa N, Nobile V, Bona E. Influence of Sex on the Microbiota of the Human Face. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122470. [PMID: 36557723 PMCID: PMC9786802 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiota in health and disease has long been recognized and, so far, the cutaneous microbiota in humans has been widely investigated. The research regarded mainly the microbiota variations between body districts and disease skin states (i.e., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne). In fact, relatively little information is available about the composition of the healthy skin microbiota. The cosmetic industry is especially interested in developing products that maintain and/or improve a healthy skin microbiota. Therefore, in the present work, the authors chose to investigate in detail the structure and composition of the basal bacterial community of the face. Ninety-six cheek samples (48 women and 48 men) were collected in the same season and the same location in central northern Italy. Bacterial DNA was extracted, the 16S rDNA gene was amplified by PCR, the obtained amplicons were subjected to next generation sequencing. The principal members of the community were identified at the genus level, and statistical analyses showed significant variations between the two sexes. This study identified abundant members of the facial skin microbiota that were rarely reported before in the literature and demonstrated the differences between male and female microbiota in terms of both community structure and composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Robert
- R&D Department, Complife Italia c/a Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), 22100 Novara, Italy
- Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Federica Cascella
- R&D Department, Complife Italia c/a Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), 22100 Novara, Italy
- Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Mellai
- Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nadia Barizzone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- SmartSeq s.r.l., 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nobile
- R&D Department, Complife Italia c/a Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), 22100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (E.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leli C, Gotta F, Ferrara L, Scomparin E, Bona E, Ciriello MM, Rocchetti A. Bayesian estimation of post-test probability of Candida glabrata fungemia by means of serum creatinine. New Microbiol 2022; 45:324-330. [PMID: 36538297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungemia is a life-threatening condition associated with high mortality; the most frequently isolated genus is Candida. Candida glabrata is of particular concern because of its increasing resistance to azoles. We evaluated common lab tests accessible by almost all healthcare professionals to estimate the post-test probability of recovery of C. glabrata from a blood culture collected by venipuncture, positive for fungi identified by microscopic examination. Patients with blood cultures positive for C. glabrata had significantly higher median values of serum creatinine (P=0.006), and a value of ≥1.45 mg/dL was the best cut-off in discriminating C. glabrata from other Candida spp., with 0.67 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.49-0.85] sensitivity and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66-0.84) specificity; Youden's J statistic: 0.42. The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.718 (95% CI: 0.603-0.833); P=0.001. Therefore, given a pre-test probability of 24% and applying the Bayes' theorem, the post-test probability of C. glabrata fungemia with creatinine values ≥1.45 mg/dL increased to 45.8%. In conclusion, we showed how the probability of recovery of C. glabrata from blood cultures collected by venipuncture and positive for fungi can be better estimated using concurrent creatinine values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Leli
- Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
| | - Franca Gotta
- Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
| | - Lidia Ferrara
- Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
| | - Elisabetta Scomparin
- Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy, EU
| | - Maria Matilde Ciriello
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
| | - Andrea Rocchetti
- Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arrais A, Testori F, Calligari R, Gianotti V, Roncoli M, Caramaschi A, Todeschini V, Massa N, Bona E. Extracts from Cabbage Leaves: Preliminary Results towards a “Universal” Highly-Performant Antibacterial and Antifungal Natural Mixture. Biology 2022; 11:biology11071080. [PMID: 36101458 PMCID: PMC9312816 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The large antibiotic consumption in the clinical, veterinary, and agricultural fields has resulted in a tremendous flow of antibiotics into the environment. This has led to enormous selective pressures driving the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria and yeasts. For this reason, the World Health Organization is promoting research to discover new natural products competitive with synthetic drugs in clinical performances. Compared with conventional drugs, the production of natural pharmaceuticals often has a lower environmental impact and lower economic costs of processes, especially when they originate from agricultural wastes. In the context of a circular economy, we aimed to successfully present preliminary results for the valorization of agricultural waste produced in cabbage cultivation by isolating a highly performant antibacterial and antifungal lipophilic natural mixture from cabbage leaves. Abstract As dramatically experienced in the recent world pandemic, viral, bacterial, fungal pathogens constitute very serious concerns in the global context of human health. Regarding this issue, the World Health Organization has promoted research studies that aim to develop new strategies using natural products. Although they are often competitive with synthetic pharmaceuticales in clinical performance, they lack their critical drawbacks, i.e., the environmental impact and the high economic costs of processing. In this paper, the isolation of a highly performant antibacterial and antifungal lipophilic natural mixture from leaves of savoy and white cabbages is proposed as successful preliminary results for the valorization of agricultural waste produced in cabbage cultivation. The fraction was chemically extracted from vegetables with diethyl ether and tested against two Candida species, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus reference strains. All the different fractions (active and not active) were chemically characterized by vibrational FT-IR spectroscopy and GC-MS analyses. The extracts showed high growth-inhibition performance on pathogens, thus demonstrating strong application potential. We think that this work, despite being at a preliminary stage, is very promising, both from pharmaceutical and industrial points of view, and can be proposed as a proof of concept for the recovery of agricultural production wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Arrais
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (E.B.); Tel.: +39-0161228357 (E.B.)
| | - Fabio Testori
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Calligari
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Valentina Gianotti
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Maddalena Roncoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.R.); (V.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Alice Caramaschi
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.R.); (V.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.R.); (V.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (E.B.); Tel.: +39-0161228357 (E.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Todeschini V, Anastasia F, Massa N, Marsano F, Cesaro P, Bona E, Gamalero E, Oddi L, Lingua G. Impact of Phosphatic Nutrition on Growth Parameters and Artemisinin Production in Artemisia annua Plants Inoculated or Not with Funneliformis mosseae. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040497. [PMID: 35454988 PMCID: PMC9025405 DOI: 10.3390/life12040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. is a medicinal plant appreciated for the production of artemisinin, a molecule used for malaria treatment. However, the natural concentration of artemisinin in planta is low. Plant nutrition, in particular phosphorus, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can affect both plant biomass and secondary metabolite production. In this work, A. annua plants were ino- culated or not with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae BEG12 and cultivated for 2 months in controlled conditions at three different phosphatic (P) concentrations (32, 96, and 288 µM). Plant growth parameters, leaf photosynthetic pigment concentrations, artemisinin production, and mineral uptake were evaluated. The different P levels significantly affected the plant shoot growth, AM fungal colonization, and mineral acquisition. High P levels negatively influenced mycorrhizal colonization. The artemisinin concentration was inversely correlated to the P level in the substrate. The fungus mainly affected root growth and nutrient uptake and significantly lowered leaf artemisinin concentration. In conclusion, P nutrition can influence plant biomass production and the lowest phosphate level led to the highest artemisinin concentration, irrespective of the plant mineral uptake. Plant responses to AM fungi can be modulated by cost–benefit ratios of the mutualistic exchange between the partners and soil nutrient availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0131-360210
| | - Flavio Anastasia
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Patrizia Cesaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Ludovica Oddi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy;
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Torre E, Sola D, Caramaschi A, Mignone F, Bona E, Fallarini S. A Pilot Study on Clinical Scores, Immune Cell Modulation, and Microbiota Composition in Allergic Patients with Rhinitis and Asthma Treated with a Probiotic Preparation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 183:186-200. [PMID: 34673641 DOI: 10.1159/000518952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific drugs and/or immunotherapies are widely used to treat allergies, but drug-induced adverse effects recently led to explore new additional strategies. We studied whether a probiotic preparation (iPROB®; Anallergo SpA, Florence, Italy) is effective in allergic patients and the mechanisms underlying clinical outcomes. METHODS Eligible patients (n = 28), all suffering from allergic rhinitis with/without bronchial asthma, were consecutively recruited at the Allergology Medical Unit (Novara, Italy) and treated with this probiotic. From each patient, we collected blood and stool samples at the baseline, after 60 days of probiotic supplementation, and after 60 days from probiotic discontinuation. In each blood sample, the percentage of hematopoietic stem cells, eosinophils, and basophils was measured by FACS. To analyze stool microbiota composition, genomic DNA was extracted, bacterial 16S DNA libraries sequenced by Illumina platform (Miseq), and raw sequences processed. Generated data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Probiotic-treated patients showed a significant decrease in Average Rhinitis Total Symptom Score (d = -10.5714), and Visual Analog Scale (d = -2.00) clinical indices, as well as important improvements in quality of life. In whole blood, a significant reduction in the percentage of activated eosinophils and basophils was determined, and this effect persisted after specific cell stimulation. Consistently, the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 decreased after probiotic treatment, suggesting a reduction in the Th2 cytokine profile. In addition, microbiome genomic analysis (n = 6) showed an increase in microbiome biodiversity, which positively correlates with clinical and cellular data. CONCLUSION Present study suggests that iPROB® preparation has clinical/biological properties to be a valid add-on supplementation in allergic patients with asthma and rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enza Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of "Piemonte Orientale", Novara, Italy
| | - Daniele Sola
- S.C.D.U. Internal Medicine 1, A.O.U. "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Alice Caramaschi
- Department of Science and Innovation Technology (DiSIT), University of "Piemonte Orientale", Vercelli, Italy.,UPO-CAAD Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Novara, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- UPO-CAAD Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Novara, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l., University of "Piemonte Orientale", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Department of Science and Innovation Technology (DiSIT), University of "Piemonte Orientale", Vercelli, Italy.,UPO-CAAD Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Fallarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of "Piemonte Orientale", Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cesaro P, Massa N, Bona E, Novello G, Todeschini V, Boatti L, Mignone F, Gamalero E, Berta G, Lingua G. Native AMF Communities in an Italian Vineyard at Two Different Phenological Stages of Vitis vinifera. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676610. [PMID: 34349738 PMCID: PMC8326575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil microorganisms that can establish symbiotic associations with Vitis vinifera roots, resulting in positive effects on grapevine performance, both in terms of water use efficiency, nutrient uptake, and replant success. Grapevine is an important perennial crop cultivated worldwide, especially in Mediterranean countries. In Italy, Piedmont is one of the regions with the longest winemaking tradition. In the present study, we characterized the AMF communities of the soil associated or not with the roots of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir cultivated in a vineyard subjected to conventional management using 454 Roche sequencing technology. Samplings were performed at two plant phenological stages (flowering and early fruit development). The AMF community was dominated by members of the family Glomeraceae, with a prevalence of the genus Glomus and the species Rhizophagus intraradices and Rhizophagus irregularis. On the contrary, the genus Archaeospora was the only one belonging to the family Archaeosporaceae. Since different AMF communities occur in the two considered soils, independently from the plant phenological stage, a probable role of V. vinifera in determining the AMF populations associated to its roots has been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cesaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Lara Boatti
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sorita G, Santamaria-Echart A, Gozzo A, Gonçalves O, Leimann F, Bona E, Manrique Y, Fernandes I, Ferreira I, Barreiro M. Lipid composition optimization in spray congealing technique and testing with curcumin-loaded microparticles. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
14
|
Gamalero E, Bona E, Novello G, Boatti L, Mignone F, Massa N, Cesaro P, Berta G, Lingua G. Author Correction: Discovering the bacteriome of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir in a conventionally managed vineyard. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8829. [PMID: 33875763 PMCID: PMC8055682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gamalero
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lara Boatti
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cesaro
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Graziella Berta
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cesaro P, Massa N, Cantamessa S, Todeschini V, Bona E, Berta G, Barbato R, Lingua G. Tomato responses to Funneliformis mosseae during the early stages of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza 2020; 30:601-610. [PMID: 32621137 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concept of symbiosis can be described as a continuum of interactions between organisms ranging from mutualism to parasitism that can also change over time. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are among the most important obligate plant symbionts. Once the symbiosis is well established, mycorrhizal plants are more tolerant to biotic or abiotic stresses, so the AMF relationship with the host plant is generally described as mutualistic. However, little is known about AMF effects on the plant during the early stages of root colonization. The aim of this work was to assess the type of interaction (mutualistic or parasitic) between the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Funelliformis mosseae and Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rio Grande plants, at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after inoculation (DAI), considering that in the adopted experimental design (one plant per pot), the seedling was the only carbon source for fungus development in the absence of common mycorrhizal networks with other plants. At each harvest, mycorrhizal colonization, shoot and root weights, morphometric parameters, and photosynthetic efficiency were evaluated. The presence of the AM fungus in the tomato root system was observed starting from the 14th DAI, and its level increased over time. Few effects of the fungus presence on the considered parameters were observed, and no stress symptoms ever appeared; so, we can state that the fungus behaved as a mutualistic symbiont during the early stages of plant growth. Moreover, a trend towards a positive effect on plant growth was observed at 28 DAI in mycorrhizal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cesaro
- DISIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel, 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- DISIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel, 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Simone Cantamessa
- DISIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel, 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valeria Todeschini
- DISIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza Sant'Eusebio, 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- DISIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza Sant'Eusebio, 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- DISIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel, 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Roberto Barbato
- DISIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel, 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- DISIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel, 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Massa N, Bona E, Novello G, Todeschini V, Boatti L, Mignone F, Gamalero E, Lingua G, Berta G, Cesaro P. AMF communities associated to Vitis vinifera in an Italian vineyard subjected to integrated pest management at two different phenological stages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9197. [PMID: 32514032 PMCID: PMC7280190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. is an economically important crop that can be influenced by soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), that establish symbiotic associations with its roots. AMF have beneficial effects on grapevine performance improving water use efficiency and replant success. Most grapevine varieties are susceptible to various diseases, and integrated pest management (IPM) is one of the emerging approaches to perform pest control. In the present study, we examined the AMF communities present in the soil associated to the roots of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir (comparing them to those present in a soil not affected by grapevine roots), in a vineyard subjected to IPM at two different phenological stages, using 454 Roche sequencing technology. We proposed a new approach to analyze sequencing data. Most of the taxa were included in the family Glomeraceae. In particular, Glomus sp. Rhizophagus sp. and Septoglomus viscosum were present. The family Archeosporaceae was represented only by the genus Archeospora sp. Different AMF communities were found in the two soils and the importance of the phenological stage in regulating AMF biodiversity was assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Massa
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - E Bona
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - G Novello
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - V Todeschini
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - L Boatti
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - F Mignone
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - E Gamalero
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - G Lingua
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - G Berta
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - P Cesaro
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gamalero E, Bona E, Novello G, Boatti L, Mignone F, Massa N, Cesaro P, Berta G, Lingua G. Discovering the bacteriome of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir in a conventionally managed vineyard. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6453. [PMID: 32296119 PMCID: PMC7160115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of the bacteriome associated with grapevine roots can affect plant development, health and grape quality. We previously investigated the bacterial biodiversity of the Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir rhizosphere in a vineyard subjected to integrated pest management. The aim of this work is to characterize the bacteriome of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir in a conventionally managed vineyard using a metabarcoding approach. Comparisons between the microbial community structure in bulk soil and rhizosphere (variable space) were performed and shifts of bacteriome according to two sampling times (variable time) were characterized. Bacterial biodiversity was higher at the second than at the first sampling and did not differ according to the variable space. Actinobacteria was the dominant class, with Gaiella as the most represented genus in all the samples. Among Proteobacteria, the most represented classes were Alpha, Beta and Gamma-Proteobacteria, with higher abundance at the second than at the first sampling time. Bradyrhizobium was the most frequent genus among Alpha-Proteobacteria, while Burkholderia was the predominant Beta-Proteobacteria. Among Firmicutes, the frequency of Staphylococcus was higher than 60% in bulk soil and rhizosphere. Finally, the sampling time can be considered as one of the drivers responsible for the bacteriome variations assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gamalero
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - Lara Boatti
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cesaro
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy.
| | - Graziella Berta
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Caputo M, Bona E, Leone I, Samà MT, Nuzzo A, Ferrero A, Aimaretti G, Marzullo P, Prodam F. Inositols and metabolic disorders: From farm to bedside. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:252-259. [PMID: 32670820 PMCID: PMC7340869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol and its derivates are catching interest in metabolism since taking part in several physiological processes, including endocrine modulation. Through several mechanisms mostly mediated by insulin signaling, these compounds regulate the activities of several hormones and are essential in oocytes maturation. It is interesting to point out the contribution of an inositol deficiency in the development of several diseases, mainly in the metabolic and endocrine setting. Inositols derive from both diet and endogenous production; among causes of inositol deficiency reduced dietary intake, increased catabolism and/or excretion, decreased biosynthesis, inhibition of gut and cellular uptake and altered microbiota could be considered. Mounting direct and indirect evidence suggests that the two main isoforms (Myo-inositol-inositol, D-chiro-inositol) are implied in glycemic and lipidic metabolism and supplementation yield a beneficial effect on these parameters without hazards for health. Moreover, they have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome, acting as insulin-sensitizing agents and free radical scavengers, helping to regulate metabolism and promoting ovulation. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the role of inositols in metabolic function disorders paying attention to whether these compounds could be efficacious and safe as a therapeutic agent with a focus on dietary intake and the role of gut microbiota. Inositol deficiency is implicated in the development of metabolic and endocrine diseases. Inositol compounds could be safe food supplement to restore metabolic imbalance. Inositol compounds partly derive from microbiota phytases entering in bacterial metabolism. Diet inositol content has a role in shaping gut microbiota and the host metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Caputo
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - E Bona
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - I Leone
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - M T Samà
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - A Nuzzo
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - A Ferrero
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - G Aimaretti
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - P Marzullo
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - F Prodam
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bona E, Massa N, Novello G, Pavan M, Rocchetti A, Berta G, Gamalero E. Essential oil antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains. Microbiol Res (Pavia) 2019. [DOI: 10.4081/mr.2019.8331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen causing infections that range from skin lesions to life threatening conditions. Methicillin resistance development in S. aureus strains represents a huge problem worldwide. The inhibition efficacy of twelve different essential oils (laurel, anise, oregano, basil, lavender, mint, rosemary, tea tree, bergamot, grapefruit, ginger and winter savory) and of the antibiotic Vancomycin was tested against S. aureus NCTC6571 and clinical isolates using paper disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution test methods. Forty-four S. aureus strains isolated from different human sample were characterized for antibiotic resistance and 41% of them were methicillin resistant. Among the twelve tested oils basil, oregano and savory showed stronger inhibition effect on S. aureus growth than Vancomycin. These results can be useful for the formulation of topical gel containing selected essential oils active against S. aureus strains.
Collapse
|
20
|
Bona E, Massa N, Novello G, Boatti L, Cesaro P, Todeschini V, Magnelli V, Manfredi M, Marengo E, Mignone F, Berta G, Lingua G, Gamalero E. Metaproteomic characterization of theVitis vinifera rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5127041. [PMID: 30307579 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizosphere is a hotspot of microbial activity where the release of root exudates stimulates bacterial density and diversity. The majority of the bacterial cells in soil are viable, unculturable, but active. Proteomic tools could be useful in gaining information about microbial community activity and to better understand the real interactions between roots and soil. The aim of this work was to characterize the bacterial community associated with Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir roots using a metaproteome approach. Our results confirmed the large potential of proteomics in describing the environmental microbial communities and their activities: in particular, we showed that bacteria belonging to Streptomyces, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia and Pseudomonas genera are the most active in protein expression. Concerning the biological activity of these genera in the rhizosphere, we observed the exclusive presence of the phosphorus metabolic process and the regulation of primary metabolic processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the rhizosphere proteome of V. vinifera, describing the bacterial community structure and activity of an important ecosystem for the Italian landscape, agriculture and economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Bona
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - N Massa
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - G Novello
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - L Boatti
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - P Cesaro
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - V Todeschini
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - V Magnelli
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - M Manfredi
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy.,Isalit s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via A. Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - E Marengo
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy.,Isalit s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via A. Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - F Mignone
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - G Berta
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - G Lingua
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - E Gamalero
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Leimann V, Gonçalves O, Sorita G, Rezende S, Bona E, Fernandes I, Ferreira I, Barreiro M. Heat and pH stable curcumin-based hydrophilic colorants obtained by the solid dispersion technology assisted by spray-drying. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
22
|
Todeschini V, AitLahmidi N, Mazzucco E, Marsano F, Gosetti F, Robotti E, Bona E, Massa N, Bonneau L, Marengo E, Wipf D, Berta G, Lingua G. Impact of Beneficial Microorganisms on Strawberry Growth, Fruit Production, Nutritional Quality, and Volatilome. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1611. [PMID: 30505312 PMCID: PMC6250784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize the roots of most terrestrial plant species, improving plant growth, nutrient uptake and biotic/abiotic stress resistance and tolerance. Similarly, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhance plant fitness and production. In this study, three different AMF (Funneliformis mosseae, Septoglomus viscosum, and Rhizophagus irregularis) were used in combination with three different strains of Pseudomonas sp. (19Fv1t, 5Vm1K and Pf4) to inoculate plantlets of Fragaria × ananassa var. Eliana F1. The effects of the different fungus/bacterium combinations were assessed on plant growth parameters, fruit production and quality, including health-promoting compounds. Inoculated and uninoculated plants were maintained in a greenhouse for 4 months and irrigated with a nutrient solution at two different phosphate levels. The number of flowers and fruits were recorded weekly. At harvest, fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots, mycorrhizal colonization and concentration of leaf photosynthetic pigments were measured in each plant. The following fruit parameters were recorded: pH, titratable acids, concentration of organic acids, soluble sugars, ascorbic acids, and anthocyanidins; volatile and elemental composition were also evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and PCA/PCA-DA. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in plants inoculated with R. irregularis, followed by F. mosseae and S. viscosum. In general, AMF mostly affected the parameters associated with the vegetative portion of the plant, while PGPB were especially relevant for fruit yield and quality. The plant physiological status was differentially affected by inoculations, resulting in enhanced root and shoot biomass. Inoculation with Pf4 bacterial strain increased flower and fruit production per plant and malic acid content in fruits, while decreased the pH value, regardless of the used fungus. Inoculations affected fruit nutritional quality, increasing sugar and anthocyanin concentrations, and modulated pH, malic acid, volatile compounds and elements. In the present study, we show for the first time that strawberry fruit concentration of some elements and/or volatiles can be affected by the presence of specific beneficial soil microorganisms. In addition, our results indicated that it is possible to select the best plant-microorganism combination for field applications, and improving fruit production and quality, also in terms of health promoting properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Nassima AitLahmidi
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Eleonora Mazzucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Robotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Laurent Bonneau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Massa N, Cantamessa S, Novello G, Ranzato E, Martinotti S, Pavan M, Rocchetti A, Berta G, Gamalero E, Bona E. Antifungal activity of essential oils against azole-resistant and azole-susceptible vaginal Candida glabrata strains. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:647-663. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Candida glabrata is an opportunistic pathogen, associated with endocarditis, meningitis, and disseminated disease, and also with complicated vaginitis. Essential oils derived from aromatic plants are known in traditional medicine as antimicrobial agents and have antifungal properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether 12 tested essential oils (tea tree, laurel, anise, basil, bergamot, lavender, mint, oregano, grapefruit, rosemary, winter savory, and ginger) could have a transverse effect on C. glabrata sensitive strains but above all on strains resistant to the three main azole antifungals used (clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole). For this reason, different strains of C. glabrata, vaginal isolated, were characterized (disk diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentration) with respect to their response to such antifungals. Electron microscopy analyses were performed to examine cellular damages in depth. Subsequently, we wanted to evaluate the effect of the oils on human cells to estimate their potential cytotoxicity. Oregano and winter savory were the two most effective essential oils, inducing growth inhibition, cell damage of C. glabrata strains (both sensitive and resistant to azole antifungal drugs), and medium–high level of toxicity against human keratinocytes. The results of this work support the research for new alternatives or complementary therapies against vaginal candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - S. Cantamessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - G. Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - E. Ranzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - S. Martinotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - M. Pavan
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - A. Rocchetti
- Azienda Sanitaria Santi Antonio, Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Via Venezia 16, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - G. Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - E. Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - E. Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Saggese I, Bona E, Conway M, Favero F, Ladetto M, Liò P, Manzini G, Mignone F. STAble: a novel approach to de novo assembly of RNA-seq data and its application in a metabolic model network based metatranscriptomic workflow. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:184. [PMID: 30066630 PMCID: PMC6069750 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background De novo assembly of RNA-seq data allows the study of transcriptome in absence of a reference genome either if data is obtained from a single organism or from a mixed sample as in metatranscriptomics studies. Given the high number of sequences obtained from NGS approaches, a critical step in any analysis workflow is the assembly of reads to reconstruct transcripts thus reducing the complexity of the analysis. Despite many available tools show a good sensitivity, there is a high percentage of false positives due to the high number of assemblies considered and it is likely that the high frequency of false positive is underestimated by currently used benchmarks. The reconstruction of not existing transcripts may false the biological interpretation of results as – for example – may overestimate the identification of “novel” transcripts. Moreover, benchmarks performed are usually based on RNA-seq data from annotated genomes and assembled transcripts are compared to annotations and genomes to identify putative good and wrong reconstructions, but these tests alone may lead to accept a particular type of false positive as true, as better described below. Results Here we present a novel methodology of de novo assembly, implemented in a software named STAble (Short-reads Transcriptome Assembler). The novel concept of this assembler is that the whole reads are used to determine possible alignments instead of using smaller k-mers, with the aim of reducing the number of chimeras produced. Furthermore, we applied a new set of benchmarks based on simulated data to better define the performance of assembly method and carefully identifying true reconstructions. STAble was also used to build a prototype workflow to analyse metatranscriptomics data in connection to a steady state metabolic modelling algorithm. This algorithm was used to produce high quality metabolic interpretations of small gene expression sets obtained from already published RNA-seq data that we assembled with STAble. Conclusions The presented results, albeit preliminary, clearly suggest that with this approach is possible to identify informative reactions not directly revealed by raw transcriptomic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Saggese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Max Conway
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Francesco Favero
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Ladetto
- AO SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, 10124, Torino, Italy
| | - Pietro Liò
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Giovanni Manzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.,Istituto di Informatica e Telematica, CNR, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Novello G, Gamalero E, Bona E, Boatti L, Mignone F, Massa N, Cesaro P, Lingua G, Berta G. The Rhizosphere Bacterial Microbiota of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir in an Integrated Pest Management Vineyard. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1528. [PMID: 28855895 PMCID: PMC5557794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms associated with Vitis vinifera (grapevine) can affect its growth, health and grape quality. The aim of this study was to unravel the biodiversity of the bacterial rhizosphere microbiota of grapevine in an integrated pest management vineyard located in Piedmont, Italy. Comparison between the microbial community structure in the bulk and rhizosphere soil (variable: space) were performed. Moreover, the possible shifts of the bulk and rhizosphere soil microbiota according to two phenological stages such as flowering and early fruit development (variable: time) were characterized. The grapevine microbiota was identified using metagenomics and next-generation sequencing. Biodiversity was higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil, independent of the phenological stage. Actinobacteria were the dominant class with frequencies ≥ 50% in all the soil samples, followed by Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Bacteroidetes. While Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria are well-known as being dominant in soil, this is the first time the presence of Gemmatimonadetes has been observed in vineyard soils. Gaiella was the dominant genus of Actinobacteria in all the samples. Finally, the microbiota associated with grapevine differed from the bulk soil microbiota and these variations were independent of the phenological stage of the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleAlessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleAlessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleAlessandria, Italy
| | - Lara Boatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleAlessandria, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l.Alessandria, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleAlessandria, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l.Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleAlessandria, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cesaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleAlessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleAlessandria, Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleAlessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Souza MF, Francisco CRL, Sanchez JL, Guimarães-Inácio A, Valderrama P, Bona E, Tanamati AAC, Leimann FV, Gonçalves OH. Fatty acids profile of chia oil-loaded lipid microparticles. Braz J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170343s20150669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Souza
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - E. Bona
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bona E, Cantamessa S, Massa N, Manassero P, Marsano F, Copetta A, Lingua G, D'Agostino G, Gamalero E, Berta G. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting pseudomonads improve yield, quality and nutritional value of tomato: a field study. Mycorrhiza 2017. [PMID: 27539491 DOI: 10.1007/s00572016-0727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the effects of plant-beneficial microorganisms (two Pseudomonas strains and a mixed mycorrhizal inoculum, alone or in combination) on the quality of tomato fruits of plants grown in the field and subjected to reduced fertilization. Pseudomonas strain 19Fv1T was newly characterized during this study. The size and quality of the fruits (concentration of sugars, organic acids and vitamin C) were assessed. The microorganisms positively affected the flower and fruit production and the concentrations of sugars and vitamins in the tomato fruits. In particular, the most important effect induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was an improvement of citric acid concentration, while bacteria positively modulated sugar production and the sweetness of the tomatoes. The novelty of the present work is the application of soil microorganisms in the field, in a real industrial tomato farm. This approach provided direct information about the application of inocula, allowed the reduction of chemical inputs and positively influenced tomato quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Simone Cantamessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Paola Manassero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Andrea Copetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy.
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bona E, Cantamessa S, Massa N, Manassero P, Marsano F, Copetta A, Lingua G, D'Agostino G, Gamalero E, Berta G. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting pseudomonads improve yield, quality and nutritional value of tomato: a field study. Mycorrhiza 2017; 27:1-11. [PMID: 27539491 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the effects of plant-beneficial microorganisms (two Pseudomonas strains and a mixed mycorrhizal inoculum, alone or in combination) on the quality of tomato fruits of plants grown in the field and subjected to reduced fertilization. Pseudomonas strain 19Fv1T was newly characterized during this study. The size and quality of the fruits (concentration of sugars, organic acids and vitamin C) were assessed. The microorganisms positively affected the flower and fruit production and the concentrations of sugars and vitamins in the tomato fruits. In particular, the most important effect induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was an improvement of citric acid concentration, while bacteria positively modulated sugar production and the sweetness of the tomatoes. The novelty of the present work is the application of soil microorganisms in the field, in a real industrial tomato farm. This approach provided direct information about the application of inocula, allowed the reduction of chemical inputs and positively influenced tomato quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Simone Cantamessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Paola Manassero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Andrea Copetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy.
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, AL, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bona E, Cantamessa S, Pavan M, Novello G, Massa N, Rocchetti A, Berta G, Gamalero E. Sensitivity of Candida albicans to essential oils: are they an alternative to antifungal agents? J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1530-1545. [PMID: 27568869 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Candida albicans is an important opportunistic pathogen, responsible for the majority of yeast infections in humans. Essential oils, extracted from aromatic plants, are well-known antimicrobial agents, characterized by a broad spectrum of activities, including antifungal properties. The aim of this work was to assess the sensitivity of 30 different vaginal isolated strains of C. albicans to 12 essential oils, compared to the three main used drugs (clotrimazole, fluconazole and itraconazole). METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty strains of C. albicans were isolated from vaginal swab on CHROMagar™ Candida. The agar disc diffusion method was employed to determine the sensitivity to the essential oils. The antifungal activity of the essential oils and antifungal drugs (clotrimazole, itraconazole and fluconazole) were investigated using a microdilution method. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed to get a deep inside on cellular damages. Mint, basil, lavender, tea tree oil, winter savory and oregano essential oils inhibited both the growth and the activity of C. albicans more efficiently than clotrimazole. Damages induced by essential oils at the cellular level were stronger than those caused by clotrimazole. CONCLUSIONS Candida albicans is more sensitive to different essential oils compared to the main used drugs. Moreover, the essential oil affected mainly the cell wall and the membranes of the yeast. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of this work support the research for new alternatives or complementary therapies against vaginal candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - S Cantamessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - M Pavan
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - G Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - N Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - A Rocchetti
- Azienda Sanitaria Santi Antonio, Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - G Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - E Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bona E, Scarafoni A, Marsano F, Boatti L, Copetta A, Massa N, Gamalero E, D’Agostino G, Cesaro P, Cavaletto M, Berta G. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis affects the grain proteome of Zea mays: a field study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26439. [PMID: 27216714 PMCID: PMC4877657 DOI: 10.1038/srep26439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important crops worldwide and is strongly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, organisms that form a mutualistic association with land plants. In maize, AM symbiosis enhances spike dry weight, spike length, spike circumference, and the dry weight and dimensions of the grain. Notwithstanding its ubiquitous nature, the detailed relationship between AM fungal colonization and plant development is not completely understood. To facilitate a better understanding of the effects of AM fungi on plants, the work reported here assessed the effects of a consortium of AM fungi on the kernel proteome of maize, cultivated in open-field conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the modulation of a plant seed proteome following AM fungal inoculation in the field. Here, it was found that AM fungi modify the maize seed proteome by up-regulating enzymes involved in energetic metabolism, embryo development, nucleotide metabolism, seed storage and stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alessio Scarafoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lara Boatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Andrea Copetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Cesaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maria Cavaletto
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cesaro P, Cattaneo C, Bona E, Berta G, Cavaletto M. The arsenic hyperaccumulating Pteris vittata expresses two arsenate reductases. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14525. [PMID: 26412036 PMCID: PMC4585942 DOI: 10.1038/srep14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic reduction of arsenate to arsenite is the first known step in arsenate metabolism in all organisms. Although the presence of one mRNA arsenate reductase (PvACR2) has been characterized in gametophytes of P. vittata, no arsenate reductase protein has been directly observed in this arsenic hyperaccumulating fern, yet. In order to assess the possible presence of arsenate reductase in P. vittata, two recombinant proteins, ACR2-His6 and Trx-His6-S-Pv2.5-8 were prepared in Escherichia coli, purified and used to produce polyclonal antibodies. The presence of these two enzymes was evaluated by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and direct MS analysis. Enzymatic activity was detected in crude extracts. For the first time we detected and identified two arsenate reductase proteins (PvACR2 and Pv2.5-8) in sporophytes and gametophytes of P. vittata. Despite an increase of the mRNA levels for both proteins in roots, no difference was observed at the protein level after arsenic treatment. Overall, our data demonstrate the constitutive protein expression of PvACR2 and Pv2.5-8 in P. vittata tissues and propose their specific role in the complex metabolic network of arsenic reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cesaro
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, DiSIT- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, viale T. Michel 11, 15121 - Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli - Italy
| | - Chiara Cattaneo
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, DiSIT- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, viale T. Michel 11, 15121 - Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli - Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, DiSIT- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, viale T. Michel 11, 15121 - Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli - Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, DiSIT- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, viale T. Michel 11, 15121 - Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli - Italy
| | - Maria Cavaletto
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, DiSIT- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, viale T. Michel 11, 15121 - Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli - Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Degola F, Fattorini L, Bona E, Sprimuto CT, Argese E, Berta G, Sanità di Toppi L. The symbiosis between Nicotiana tabacum and the endomycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae increases the plant glutathione level and decreases leaf cadmium and root arsenic contents. Plant Physiol Biochem 2015; 92:11-8. [PMID: 25900420 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over time, anthropogenic activities have led to severe cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) pollution in several environments. Plants inhabiting metal(loid)-contaminated areas should be able to sequester and detoxify these toxic elements as soon as they enter roots and leaves. We postulated here that an important role in protecting plants from excessive metal(loid) accumulation and toxicity might be played by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In fact, human exploitation of plant material derived from Cd- and As-polluted environments may lead to a noxious intake of these toxic elements; in particular, a possible source of Cd and As for humans is given by cigarette and cigar smoke. We investigated the role of AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae (T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) C. Walker & A. Schüßler in protecting Nicotiana tabacum L. (cv. Petit Havana) from the above-mentioned metal(loid) stress. Our findings proved that the AM symbiosis is effective in increasing the plant tissue content of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), in influencing the amount of metal(loid)-induced chelators as phytochelatins, and in reducing the Cd and As content in leaves and roots of adult tobacco plants. These results might also prove useful in improving the quality of commercial tobacco, thus reducing the risks to human health due to inhalation of toxic elements contained in smoking products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Degola
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Christian Triscari Sprimuto
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuele Argese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università di Venezia "Ca' Foscari", Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Luigi Sanità di Toppi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bona E, Lingua G, Manassero P, Cantamessa S, Marsano F, Todeschini V, Copetta A, D'Agostino G, Massa N, Avidano L, Gamalero E, Berta G. AM fungi and PGP pseudomonads increase flowering, fruit production, and vitamin content in strawberry grown at low nitrogen and phosphorus levels. Mycorrhiza 2015; 25:181-93. [PMID: 25169060 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the quality of crops because of the implications concerning health, economic revenue, and food quality. Here we tested if inoculation with a mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and/or two strains of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), in conditions of reduced chemical inputs, affects the quality and yield of strawberry fruits. Fruit quality was measured by concentrations of soluble sugars, various organic acids, and two vitamins (ascorbic and folic acid). Co-inoculation with the AMF and each of the two PGPB resulted in increased flower and fruit production, larger fruit size, and higher concentrations of sugars and ascorbic and folic acid in comparison with fruits of uninoculated plants. These results provide further evidence that rhizospheric microorganisms affect fruit crop quality and show that they do so even under conditions of reduced chemical fertilization and can thus be exploited for sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica-DISIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria (AL), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Berta G, Copetta A, Gamalero E, Bona E, Cesaro P, Scarafoni A, D'Agostino G. Maize development and grain quality are differentially affected by mycorrhizal fungi and a growth-promoting pseudomonad in the field. Mycorrhiza 2014; 24:161-70. [PMID: 23995918 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can increase the growth and yield of major crops, and improve the quality of fruits and leaves. However, little is known about their impact on seed composition. Plants were inoculated with AM fungi and/or the bacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf4 and harvested after 7 months of growth in open-field conditions. Plant growth parameters were measured (biomass, length and circumference of spikes, number of grains per cob, grain yield, and grain size) and protein, lipid, and starch content in grains were determined. Plant growth and yield were increased by inoculation with the microorganisms. Moreover, spikes and grains of inoculated plants were bigger than those produced by uninoculated plants. Regarding grain composition, the bacterial strain increased grain starch content, especially the digestible components, whereas AM fungi-enhanced protein, especially zein, content. Plant inoculation with the fluorescent pseudomonad and mycorrhizal fungi resulted in additive effects on grain composition. Overall, results showed that the bacterial strain and the AM fungi promoted maize growth cultivated in field conditions and differentially affected the grain nutritional content. Consequently, targeted plant inoculation with beneficial microorganisms can lead to commodities fulfilling consumer and industrial requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Del Re M, Fontana A, Del Re I, Bona E, Salvadori B, Ferrarini I, Landucci E, Fancelli S, Bertolini I, Michelotti A, Falcone A, Danesi R. Abstract P1-08-31: Putative role of genetic variants of eNOS in survival and toxicity of patients given antiangiogenic therapy. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p1-08-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The development of tumor angiogensis is mainly driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is strongly overexpressed in many cancers. VEGF induces the expression of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and the resultant overproduction of NO may be associated with recruitment of inflammatory cells, disruption of endothelial barrier, edema and impaired drug delivery within tumors (1). Functional polymorphisms in the eNOS gene, including -786C>T and 894G>T, have been associated with impaired production of NO and higher incidence of hypertension (HT) (2), diabetic nephropathy (3) and glaucoma (4). Since suppression of VEGF-eNOS signal transduction by antiangiogenic drugs may normalize tumor vasculature by restoring interstitial fluid pressure and drug distribution in tumors, but may induce HT in patients, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between the major eNOS variants -786C>T and 894G>T with treatment outcome and risk of HT in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients given bevacizumab. Methods: Sixty-five MBC patients given bevacizumab as per approved indication were enrolled. Main characteristics were: mean age 49.5 years (range 29-73) at first diagnosis, 53 years (range 34-74) at metastatic progression and PS 0-1. Four subjects with HT and 1 patient with compensated cardiovascular disease were also included. First-line chemotherapy for metastatic disease was taxol plus bevacizumab. Germline DNA was extracted from peripheral blood with the Qiamp Mini Kit (Qiagen, Milano, Italy) and examined for eNOS -786C>T and 894G>T variants by Real Time PCR (Life Sciences 7900HT platform) and automatic sequencing (Life Sciences 3100 Avant). The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Results: Genotype frequencies are reported below (Table 1). The presence of -786TT genotype was associated with longer PFS compared with the other genotypes (median PFS 95%CI, CC/CT = 9 vs TT = 12 months, Log-rank [Mantel Cox] test p = 0.0066), but not with any grade of HT. Also the 894GT/TT was associated with longer PFS compaed with the GG homozygous wild-type genotype (median PFS 95%CI, GG = 7,5 vs GT/TT = 10 months, Log-rank [Mantel-Cox] test p = 0,0497). The incidence and severity of HT did not vary among genotypes. Conclusion: Patients bearing deficient eNOS variant did not experience higher risk or severity of HT with respect to the wild-type allele but enjoied a longer PFS.
Table 1. Genotype frequenciesSNPFrequencies%Frequencies%Frequencies%-786C>TCCCTTT 37%33.8%26.2%894G>TGGGTTT 41.5%53.8%4.6%
References
1. Goel S et al. Physiol Rev 2011;91:1071
2. Niu W, Qi Y. PLoS One 2011;6:e24266
3. Rahimi Z et al. Dis Markers 2013;34:437
4. Awadalla MS et al. Invest Ophtalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:2108.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-08-31.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Del Re
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Fontana
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Del Re
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Bona
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Salvadori
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Ferrarini
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Landucci
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Fancelli
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Bertolini
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Michelotti
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Falcone
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Danesi
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lingua G, Bona E, Manassero P, Marsano F, Todeschini V, Cantamessa S, Copetta A, D’Agostino G, Gamalero E, Berta G. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting pseudomonads increases anthocyanin concentration in strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa var. Selva) in conditions of reduced fertilization. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16207-25. [PMID: 23924942 PMCID: PMC3759907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of common phenolic compounds in plants. They are mainly detected in flowers and fruits, are believed to play different important roles such as in the attraction of animals and seed dispersal, and also in the increase of the antioxidant response in tissues directly or indirectly affected by biotic or abiotic stress factors. As a major group of secondary metabolites in plants commonly consumed as food, they are of importance in both the food industry and human nutrition. It is known that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can influence the plant secondary metabolic pathways such as the synthesis of essential oils in aromatic plants, of secondary metabolites in roots, and increase flavonoid concentration. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) are able to increase plant growth, improving plant nutrition and supporting plant development under natural or stressed conditions. Various studies confirmed that a number of bacterial species living on and inside the root system are beneficial for plant growth, yield and crop quality. In this work it is shown that inoculation with AM fungi and/or with selected and tested Pseudomonas strains, under conditions of reduced fertilization, increases anthocyanin concentration in the fruits of strawberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lingua
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Elisa Bona
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Paola Manassero
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Valeria Todeschini
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Simone Cantamessa
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Andrea Copetta
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mail:
| | | | - Elisa Gamalero
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Graziella Berta
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Del Re M, Ferrarini I, Fontana A, Santoro M, Bona E, Del Re I, Stasi I, Bertolini I, Laurà F, Landucci E, Salvadori B, Falcone A, Danesi R. Abstract P5-17-06: The deficient eNOS c.894G>T genotype is not associated with increased severity of hypertension and proteinuria in breast cancer patients receiving bevacizumab. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p5-17-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Tumor angiogenesis is a complex process involving a wide array of effector molecules and stromal cells. In tumor tissue, vasculature is structurally and functionally abnormal, causing elevated interstitial pressure and irregular perfusion. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the most important angiogenic factor, is enhanced in many tumors. VEGF may induce nitric oxide (NO) production via up-regulation of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS, NOS3) and the resultant overproduction of NO is associated with vasodilation and edema within tumors (Goel S et al. Physiol Rev 2011;91:1071). eNOS plays an important physiologic role in maintaining blood pressure homeostasis and vascular integrity by providing constitutive release of NO in endothelial cells. Functional variants of the eNOS gene, including the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1799983 (c.894G>T, p. Asp298Glu) at codon 298, have been associated with reduced function of eNOS and higher incidence of hypertension (HT) (Niu W, Qi Y. PLoS One 2011;6:e24266).
Purpose. Since suppression of VEGF-eNOS axis by anti-angiogenic therapies is considered a causative factor of HT in patients, the purpose of this study was to examine whether the major eNOS non-synonymous variant c.894G>T may be associated with increased risk of developing hypertension (HT) and proteinuria (PU) in breast cancer patients treated with bevacizumab.
Patients and methods. Forty-one metastatic breast cancer patients given bevacizumab as per standard of care were enrolled. Main characteristics were: median age 49.5 years (range 29–73) at first diagnosis, 53 years (range 34–74) at metastatic disease; PS 0–1 in all patients; 4 subjects with hypertension and 1 patient with compensated cardiovascular disease at diagnosis. Twenty-six subjects had received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy based on anthracycline and taxane; first-line chemotherapy for metastatic disease was paclitaxel plus bevacizumab for all patients; 14 subjects received hormone-therapy for metastatic disease (range 1–5 lines). Germline DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and used to screen patients for eNOS c.894G>T variant by automatic sequencing. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee.
Results. Three patients (7.3%) were homozygous variant c.894TT, 12 (29.3%) homozygous wild-type c.894GG and the remaining 26 (63.4%) were heterozygous c.894GT. The c.894TT patients had no HT or PU at baseline and developed grade (G) 1, 2, 2 HT, respectively, and in one case PU during treatment. G1, 2 and 3 HT developed in 4, 5 and 2 c.894GG subjects, respectively, while PU was observed in 7/12 (58%) patients. The full range of HT grades and PU were observed in heterozygous subjects. Thirty-seven patients achieved one of the following: partial remission, minimal response or stable disease upon treatment with bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy; 3 subjects had progressive disease and 1 was not evaluable.
Conclusions. The presence of the mutant T allele of c.894G>T is not associated with increased severity of HT and PU; therefore, bevacizumab can be administered at no increased risk in TT patients with respect to the wild-type GG population.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-17-06.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Del Re
- University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - E Bona
- University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Del Re
- University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Stasi
- University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Laurà
- University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - R Danesi
- University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Allegrini G, Bocci G, Fontana A, Camerini A, Ferro A, Cazzaniga M, Casadei V, Bona E, Scalese M, Falcone A. Genetic Interaction Profile May Predict Bevacizumab (BV) Efficacy in Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) Patients (PTS): An Exploratory Retrospective Analysis. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)32916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
39
|
Lingua G, Bona E, Todeschini V, Cattaneo C, Marsano F, Berta G, Cavaletto M. Effects of heavy metals and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the leaf proteome of a selected poplar clone: a time course analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38662. [PMID: 22761694 PMCID: PMC3383689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of most plant species. While receiving photosynthates, they improve the mineral nutrition of the plant and can also increase its tolerance towards some pollutants, like heavy metals. Although the fungal symbionts exclusively colonize the plant roots, some plant responses can be systemic. Therefore, in this work a clone of Populus alba L., previously selected for its tolerance to copper and zinc, was used to investigate the effects of the symbiosis with the AM fungus Glomus intraradices on the leaf protein expression. Poplar leaf samples were collected from plants maintained in a glasshouse on polluted (copper and zinc contaminated) or unpolluted soil, after four, six and sixteen months of growth. For each harvest, about 450 proteins were reproducibly separated on 2DE maps. At the first harvest the most relevant effect on protein modulation was exerted by the AM fungi, at the second one by the metals, and at the last one by both treatments. This work demonstrates how importantly the time of sampling affects the proteome responses in perennial plants. In addition, it underlines the ability of a proteomic approach, targeted on protein identification, to depict changes in a specific pattern of protein expression, while being still far from elucidating the biological function of each protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Piemonte Orientale A Avogadro, Alessandria, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bona E, Marsano F, Massa N, Cattaneo C, Cesaro P, Argese E, Sanità di Toppi L, Cavaletto M, Berta G. Proteomic analysis as a tool for investigating arsenic stress in Pteris vittata roots colonized or not by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. J Proteomics 2011. [PMID: 21457805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jport.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Pteris vittata can tolerate very high soil arsenic concentration and rapidly accumulates the metalloid in its fronds. However, its tolerance to arsenic has not been completely explored. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonize the root of most terrestrial plants, including ferns. Mycorrhizae are known to affect plant responses in many ways: improving plant nutrition, promoting plant tolerance or resistance to pathogens, drought, salinity and heavy metal stresses. It has been observed that plants growing on arsenic polluted soils are usually mycorrhizal and that AM fungi enhance arsenic tolerance in a number of plant species. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of the AM fungus Glomus mosseae on P. vittata plants treated with arsenic using a proteomic approach. Image analysis showed that 37 spots were differently affected (21 identified). Arsenic treatment affected the expression of 14 spots (12 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated), while in presence of G. mosseae modulated 3 spots (1 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated). G. mosseae, in absence of arsenic, modulated 17 spots (13 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated). Arsenic stress was observed even in an arsenic tolerant plant as P. vittata and a protective effect of AM symbiosis toward arsenic stress was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bona E, Marsano F, Massa N, Cattaneo C, Cesaro P, Argese E, Sanità di Toppi L, Cavaletto M, Berta G. Proteomic analysis as a tool for investigating arsenic stress in Pteris vittata roots colonized or not by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1338-50. [PMID: 21457805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pteris vittata can tolerate very high soil arsenic concentration and rapidly accumulates the metalloid in its fronds. However, its tolerance to arsenic has not been completely explored. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonize the root of most terrestrial plants, including ferns. Mycorrhizae are known to affect plant responses in many ways: improving plant nutrition, promoting plant tolerance or resistance to pathogens, drought, salinity and heavy metal stresses. It has been observed that plants growing on arsenic polluted soils are usually mycorrhizal and that AM fungi enhance arsenic tolerance in a number of plant species. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of the AM fungus Glomus mosseae on P. vittata plants treated with arsenic using a proteomic approach. Image analysis showed that 37 spots were differently affected (21 identified). Arsenic treatment affected the expression of 14 spots (12 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated), while in presence of G. mosseae modulated 3 spots (1 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated). G. mosseae, in absence of arsenic, modulated 17 spots (13 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated). Arsenic stress was observed even in an arsenic tolerant plant as P. vittata and a protective effect of AM symbiosis toward arsenic stress was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bona E, Cattaneo C, Cesaro P, Marsano F, Lingua G, Cavaletto M, Berta G. Proteomic analysis of Pteris vittata fronds: two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi differentially modulate protein expression under arsenic contamination. Proteomics 2011; 10:3811-34. [PMID: 20957753 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are the most widespread mutualistic symbioses between the roots of most land plants and a phylum of soil fungi. AM are known to influence plant performance by improving mineral nutrition, protecting against pathogens and enhancing resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the frond proteome of the arsenic hyperaccumulator fern Pteris vittata in plants that had been inoculated with one of the two AM fungi (Glomus mosseae or Gigaspora margarita) with and without arsenic treatment. A protective role for AM fungi colonisation in the absence of arsenic was indicated by the down-regulation of oxidative damage-related proteins. Arsenic treatment of mycorrhizal ferns induced the differential expression of 130 leaf proteins with specific responses in G. mosseae- and Gi. margarita-colonised plants. Up-regulation of multiple forms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and enolase, primarily in G. mosseae-inoculated plants, suggests a central role for glycolytic enzymes in arsenic metabolism. Moreover, a putative arsenic transporter, PgPOR29, has been identified as an up-regulated protein by arsenic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bona
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Farinati S, DalCorso G, Bona E, Corbella M, Lampis S, Cecconi D, Polati R, Berta G, Vallini G, Furini A. Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis halleri shoots in response to the heavy metals cadmium and zinc and rhizosphere microorganisms. Proteomics 2009; 9:4837-50. [PMID: 19810031 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis halleri has the rare ability to colonize heavy metal-polluted sites and is an emerging model for research on adaptation and metal hyperaccumulation. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of plant-microbe interaction on the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in shoots of an ecotype of A. halleri grown in heavy metal-contaminated soil and to compare the shoot proteome of plants grown solely in the presence of Cd and Zn or in the presence of these two metals and the autochthonous soil rhizosphere-derived microorganisms. The results of this analysis emphasized the role of plant-microbe interaction in shoot metal accumulation. Differences in protein expression pattern, identified by a proteomic approach involving 2-DE and MS, indicated a general upregulation of photosynthesis-related proteins in plants exposed to metals and to metals plus microorganisms, suggesting that metal accumulation in shoots is an energy-demanding process. The analysis also showed that proteins involved in plant defense mechanisms were downregulated indicating that heavy metals accumulation in leaves supplies a protection system and highlights a cross-talk between heavy metal signaling and defense signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Farinati
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dagnino A, Sforzini S, Dondero F, Fenoglio S, Bona E, Jensen J, Viarengo A. A "weight of evidence" approach for the integration of environmental "triad" data to assess ecological risk and biological vulnerability. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2008; 4:314-326. [PMID: 18393577 DOI: 10.1897/ieam_2007-067.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new Expert Decision Support System (EDSS) that can integrate Triad data for assessing environmental risk and biological vulnerability at contaminated sites has been developed. Starting with ecosystem relevance, the EDSS assigns different weights to the results obtained from Triad disciplines. The following parameters have been employed: 1) chemical soil analyses (revealing the presence of potentially dangerous substances), 2) ecotoxicological bioassays (utilizing classical endpoints such as survival and reproduction rates), 3) biomarkers (showing sublethal pollutant effects), and 4) ecological parameters (assessing changes in community structure and functions). For each Triad discipline, the EDSS compares the data obtained at the studied field sites with reference values and calculates different 0-1 indexes (e.g., Chemical Risk Index, Ecotoxicological Risk Index, and Ecological Risk Index). The EDSS output consists of 3 indexes: 1) Environmental Risk index (EnvRI), quantifying the levels of biological damage at population-community level, 2) Biological Vulnerability Index (BVI), assessing the potential threats to biological equilibriums, and 3) Genotoxicity Index (GTI), screening genotoxicity effects. The EDSS has been applied in the integration of a battery of Triad data obtained during the European Union-funded Life Intervention in the Fraschetta Area (LINFA) project, which has been carried out in order to estimate the potential risk from soils of a highly anthropized area (Alessandria, Italy) mainly impacted by deposition of atmospheric pollutants. Results obtained during 4 seasonal sampling campaigns (2004-2005) show maximum values of EnvRI in sites A and B (characterized by industrial releases) and lower levels in site D (affected by vehicular traffic emissions). All 3 potentially polluted sites have shown high levels of BVI and GTI, suggesting a general change from reference conditions (site C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dagnino
- DISAV, Universita del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is an annual herb with very high biomass and capability to absorb and accumulate heavy metals in roots and shoots; it is therefore a good candidate for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals. Copper is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms, it participates as an important redox component in cellular electron transport chains; but is extremely toxic to plants at high concentrations. The aim of this work was to investigate copper effects on the root proteome of C. sativa, whose genome is still unsequenced. Copper stress induced the suppression of two proteins, the down-regulation of seven proteins, while five proteins were up-regulated. The resulting differences in protein expression pattern were indicative of a plant adaptation to chronic stress and were directed to the reestablishment of the cellular and redox homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bona
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bona E, Carneiro RL, Borsato D, Silva RSSF, Fidelis DAS, Silva LHME. Simulation of NaCl and KCl mass transfer during salting of Prato cheese in brine with agitation: a numerical solution. Braz J Chem Eng 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322007000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bona
- State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Castro IA, Silva RSF, Tirapegui J, Borsato D, Bona E. Simultaneous optimization of response variables in protein mixture formulation: constrained simplex method approach. Int J Food Sci Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2003.00650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of adrenergic receptors in the cascade leading to hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in neonatal rats. The effect of adrenergic agents (prazosin, yohimbine, idazoxan and clonidine) administered before or after hypoxia-ischaemia was evaluated with respect to mortality and brain injury. Rat pups of either 7 or 8 days of age were subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation combined with hypoxia (6% or 8% O2 in N2). The mortality was higher in hypoxic-ischaemic groups pre-treated with the alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists prazosin (48%) or yohimbine (53%) than in saline controls (7%). After 2 weeks the severity of the brain injury was evaluated in the surviving rats. Unilateral brain injury, evaluated by brain weight deficit of the injured ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the contralateral hemisphere, was 17.8 +/- 4.9% and 27.1 +/- 4.0% in pre- and post-treated saline groups, respectively. Post-treatment with clonidine, an alpha2-adrenergic agonist, reduced brain injury by 45% (p < 0.05) compared with saline controls. Pre-treatment with the same drug was not effective. Idazoxan had no effect on brain injury in this animal model. The results indicate that activation of central alpha2-adrenergic or imidazole receptors provides neuroprotection during reperfusion after hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in neonatal rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Z Yuan
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Makarewicz D, Salinska E, Puka-Sundvall M, Alaraj M, Ziembowicz A, Skangiel-Kramska J, Jablonska B, Bona E, Hagberg H, Lazarewicz JW. NMDA-induced 45Ca release in the dentate gyrus of newborn rats: in vivo microdialysis study. Neurochem Int 2000; 37:307-16. [PMID: 10812216 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-0186(00)00032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This in vivo study, aimed at detecting the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) evoked Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores in the neonatal rat brain, demonstrates that the application of 5 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate via a microdialysis probe for 20 min to the dentate gyrus (DG) of halotane-anesthetized 7 day-old (postnatal day 7, PND 7) rats induces a prolonged decrease in Ca(2+) concentration in an initially calcium-free dialysis medium, indicative of a drop in the extracellular concentration of Ca(2+) and Ca(2+) influx to neurons. In parallel experiments, a huge NMDA-evoked release of 45Ca from the pre-labeled endogenous Ca(2+) pool was observed and interpreted as the expression of intracellular Ca(2+) release. Dantrolene (100 microM) significantly inhibited the NMDA-induced 45Ca release, whereas 250 microM ryanodine exerted an unspecific biphasic effect. Autoradiographic and immunocytochemical detection of ryanodine receptors and calbindin D(28K), respectively, in the hippocampal region of PND 7 rats displayed a pronounced expression of [3H]ryanodine binding sites in the DG, but only a slight immunoreactivity of calbindin D(28K). Plastic changes in neurons or excitotoxic neuronal damage induced by the activation of NMDA receptors are mediated by Ca(2+) signals, resulting from an influx of extracellular Ca(2+), and also in some neurons, from the release of intracellular Ca(2+). Our previous in vivo microdialysis experiments visualized NMDA-evoked 45Ca release in the adult rat dentate gyrus, attributable to Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from the ryanodine-sensitive pool. An additional role of calbindin in the mechanism of this phenomenon has been suggested. This aspect has not been studied in vivo in newborn rats. Our present results indicate that the release of 45Ca from the prelabeled intracellular, dantrolene-sensitive Ca(2+) pool in the DG neurons of immature rats, most probably representing a phenomenon of Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release, significantly participates in the generation of NMDA receptor-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) signals, whereas the role of calbindin D(28K) in the mechanism of 45Ca release is negligible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Makarewicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia induces an inflammatory response in the immature central nervous system that may be important for development of brain injury. Recent data implicate that chemoattractant cytokines, chemokines, are involved in the recruitment of immune cells. The aim was to study alpha- and beta-chemokines in relation to the temporal activation of inflammatory cells after hypoxia-ischemia in immature rats. Hypoxia-ischemia was induced in 7-day-old rats (left carotid artery occlusion + 7.7% oxygen). The pups were decapitated at different times after the insult. Immunohistochemistry was used for evaluation of the inflammatory cell response and RT-PCR to analyze the cytokine mRNA and chemokine mRNA expression. A distinct interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine expression was found 0-24 h after hypoxia-ischemia that was accompanied by induction of alpha-chemokines (growth related gene and macrophage inflammatory protein-2). In the next phase, the beta2-integrin expression was increased (12 h and onward) and neutrophils transiently invaded the vessels and tissue in the infarct region. The mRNA induction for the beta-chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, and RANTES preceded the expression of markers for lymphocytes [cluster of differentiation (CD)4, CD8], microglia/macrophages (MHC I), and natural killer cells in the infarct area. The activation of microglia/macrophages, CD4 lymphocytes, and astroglia persisted up to at least 42 d of postnatal age implicating a chronic component of immunoinflammatory activation. The expression of mRNA for alpha- and beta-chemokines preceded the appearance of immune cells suggesting that these molecules may have a role in the inflammatory response to insults in the immature central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Bona
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|