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Clericuzio M, Novello G, Bivona M, Gamalero E, Bona E, Caramaschi A, Massa N, Asteggiano A, Medana C. A Study of Metabolites from Basidiomycota and Their Activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:326. [PMID: 38667002 PMCID: PMC11047493 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes research aimed at developing new drugs from natural compounds. Fungi are important producers of bioactive molecules, and they are often effective against other fungi and/or bacteria and are thus a potential source of new antibiotics. Basidiomycota crude extracts, which have previously been proven to be active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, were subjected to liquid chromatographic separation by RP-18, leading to six macro-fractions for each fungal extract. The various fractions were tested for their bioactivities against P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, and ten of them were characterized by HPLC-HRMS and NMR. Further chromatographic separations were performed for a few selected macro-fractions, yielding seven pure compounds. Bioactivity was mainly found in the lipophilic fractions containing fatty acids and their derivatives, such as hydroxy or keto C-18 unsaturated acids, and in various complex lipids, such as glycolipids and related compounds. More hydrophilic molecules, such as GABA, phenethylamine, two chromogenic anthraquinoids and pistillarin, were also isolated, and their antibacterial activities were recorded. The novelties of this research are as follows: (i) the genera Cortinarius and Mycena have never been investigated before for the synthesis of antibiotic compounds; (ii) the molecules produced by these genera are known, but their production has never been reported in the investigated fungi; (iii) the determination of bacterial siderophore synthesis inhibition by certain compounds from Cortinarius and Mycena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Clericuzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.C.); (G.N.); (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.C.); (G.N.); (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Mattia Bivona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.C.); (G.N.); (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.C.); (G.N.); (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Laboratori di Ricerca—Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alice Caramaschi
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.C.); (G.N.); (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Alberto Asteggiano
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Medana
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
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Caputo M, Pigni S, Antoniotti V, Agosti E, Caramaschi A, Antonioli A, Aimaretti G, Manfredi M, Bona E, Prodam F. Targeting microbiota in dietary obesity management: a systematic review on randomized control trials in adults. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11449-11481. [PMID: 35708057 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2087593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an alarming public health problem. Tailored nutritional therapy is advisable since emerging evidence on complex cross-talks among multifactorial agents. In this picture, the gut microbiota is highly individualized and intricately dependent on dietary patterns, with implications for obesity management. Most of the papers on the topic are observational and often conflicting. This review aimed to systematically organize the body of evidence on microbiota deriving from dietary trials in adult obesity giving the most certain phylogenetic, and metabolomic signatures in relation to both the host metabolism and phenotype changes published until now. We retrieved 18 randomized control trials on 1385 subjects with obesity who underwent several dietary interventions, including standard diet and healthy dietary regimens. Some phyla and species were more related to diets rich in fibers and others to healthy diets. Weight loss, metabolism improvements, inflammatory markers decrease were specifically related to different microorganisms or functions. The Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio was one of the most reported predictors. People with the burden of obesity comorbidities had the most significant taxonomic changes in parallel with a general improvement. These data emphasize the possibility of using symbiotic approaches involving tailored diets, microbiota characteristics, and maybe drugs to treat obesity and metabolic disorders. We encourage Authors to search for specific phylogenetic associations beyond a too generally reported Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Caputo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stella Pigni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Antoniotti
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agosti
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alice Caramaschi
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonioli
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Arrais A, Testori F, Calligari R, Gianotti V, Roncoli M, Caramaschi A, Todeschini V, Massa N, Bona E. Extracts from Cabbage Leaves: Preliminary Results towards a “Universal” Highly-Performant Antibacterial and Antifungal Natural Mixture. Biology 2022; 11:biology11071080. [PMID: 36101458 PMCID: PMC9312816 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The large antibiotic consumption in the clinical, veterinary, and agricultural fields has resulted in a tremendous flow of antibiotics into the environment. This has led to enormous selective pressures driving the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria and yeasts. For this reason, the World Health Organization is promoting research to discover new natural products competitive with synthetic drugs in clinical performances. Compared with conventional drugs, the production of natural pharmaceuticals often has a lower environmental impact and lower economic costs of processes, especially when they originate from agricultural wastes. In the context of a circular economy, we aimed to successfully present preliminary results for the valorization of agricultural waste produced in cabbage cultivation by isolating a highly performant antibacterial and antifungal lipophilic natural mixture from cabbage leaves. Abstract As dramatically experienced in the recent world pandemic, viral, bacterial, fungal pathogens constitute very serious concerns in the global context of human health. Regarding this issue, the World Health Organization has promoted research studies that aim to develop new strategies using natural products. Although they are often competitive with synthetic pharmaceuticales in clinical performance, they lack their critical drawbacks, i.e., the environmental impact and the high economic costs of processing. In this paper, the isolation of a highly performant antibacterial and antifungal lipophilic natural mixture from leaves of savoy and white cabbages is proposed as successful preliminary results for the valorization of agricultural waste produced in cabbage cultivation. The fraction was chemically extracted from vegetables with diethyl ether and tested against two Candida species, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus reference strains. All the different fractions (active and not active) were chemically characterized by vibrational FT-IR spectroscopy and GC-MS analyses. The extracts showed high growth-inhibition performance on pathogens, thus demonstrating strong application potential. We think that this work, despite being at a preliminary stage, is very promising, both from pharmaceutical and industrial points of view, and can be proposed as a proof of concept for the recovery of agricultural production wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Arrais
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (E.B.); Tel.: +39-0161228357 (E.B.)
| | - Fabio Testori
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Calligari
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Valentina Gianotti
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Maddalena Roncoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.R.); (V.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Alice Caramaschi
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.R.); (V.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.R.); (V.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (E.B.); Tel.: +39-0161228357 (E.B.)
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Torre E, Sola D, Caramaschi A, Mignone F, Bona E, Fallarini S. A Pilot Study on Clinical Scores, Immune Cell Modulation, and Microbiota Composition in Allergic Patients with Rhinitis and Asthma Treated with a Probiotic Preparation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 183:186-200. [PMID: 34673641 DOI: 10.1159/000518952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific drugs and/or immunotherapies are widely used to treat allergies, but drug-induced adverse effects recently led to explore new additional strategies. We studied whether a probiotic preparation (iPROB®; Anallergo SpA, Florence, Italy) is effective in allergic patients and the mechanisms underlying clinical outcomes. METHODS Eligible patients (n = 28), all suffering from allergic rhinitis with/without bronchial asthma, were consecutively recruited at the Allergology Medical Unit (Novara, Italy) and treated with this probiotic. From each patient, we collected blood and stool samples at the baseline, after 60 days of probiotic supplementation, and after 60 days from probiotic discontinuation. In each blood sample, the percentage of hematopoietic stem cells, eosinophils, and basophils was measured by FACS. To analyze stool microbiota composition, genomic DNA was extracted, bacterial 16S DNA libraries sequenced by Illumina platform (Miseq), and raw sequences processed. Generated data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Probiotic-treated patients showed a significant decrease in Average Rhinitis Total Symptom Score (d = -10.5714), and Visual Analog Scale (d = -2.00) clinical indices, as well as important improvements in quality of life. In whole blood, a significant reduction in the percentage of activated eosinophils and basophils was determined, and this effect persisted after specific cell stimulation. Consistently, the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 decreased after probiotic treatment, suggesting a reduction in the Th2 cytokine profile. In addition, microbiome genomic analysis (n = 6) showed an increase in microbiome biodiversity, which positively correlates with clinical and cellular data. CONCLUSION Present study suggests that iPROB® preparation has clinical/biological properties to be a valid add-on supplementation in allergic patients with asthma and rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of "Piemonte Orientale", Novara, Italy
| | - Daniele Sola
- S.C.D.U. Internal Medicine 1, A.O.U. "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Alice Caramaschi
- Department of Science and Innovation Technology (DiSIT), University of "Piemonte Orientale", Vercelli, Italy.,UPO-CAAD Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Novara, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- UPO-CAAD Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Novara, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l., University of "Piemonte Orientale", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Department of Science and Innovation Technology (DiSIT), University of "Piemonte Orientale", Vercelli, Italy.,UPO-CAAD Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Fallarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of "Piemonte Orientale", Novara, Italy
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