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Liouta K, Lubas M, Venugopal V, Chabbert J, Jeannière C, Diaz C, Munier M, Tessier B, Claverol S, Favereaux A, Sainlos M, de Wit J, Letellier M, Thoumine O, Chamma I. LRRTM2 controls presynapse nano-organization and AMPA receptor sub-positioning through Neurexin-binding interface. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8807. [PMID: 39394199 PMCID: PMC11470055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapses are organized into nanocolumns that control synaptic transmission efficacy through precise alignment of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors and presynaptic release sites. Recent evidence show that Leucine-Rich Repeat Transmembrane protein LRRTM2, highly enriched and confined at synapses, interacts with Neurexins through its C-terminal cap, but the role of this binding interface has not been explored in synapse formation and function. Here, we develop a conditional knock-out mouse model (cKO) to address the molecular mechanisms of LRRTM2 regulation, and its role in synapse organization and function. We show that LRRTM2 cKO specifically impairs excitatory synapse formation and function in mice. Surface expression, synaptic clustering, and membrane dynamics of LRRTM2 are tightly controlled by selective motifs in the C-terminal domain. Conversely, the N-terminal domain controls presynapse nano-organization and postsynapse AMPAR sub-positioning and stabilization through the recently identified Neurexin-binding interface. Thus, we identify LRRTM2 as a central organizer of pre- and post- excitatory synapse nanostructure through interaction with presynaptic Neurexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Liouta
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Malgorzata Lubas
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vasika Venugopal
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julia Chabbert
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Jeannière
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Candice Diaz
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Munier
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Béatrice Tessier
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Alexandre Favereaux
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Letellier
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Thoumine
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ingrid Chamma
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France.
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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2
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Wong VC, Houlihan PR, Liu H, Walpita D, DeSantis MC, Liu Z, O'Shea EK. Plasticity-induced actin polymerization in the dendritic shaft regulates intracellular AMPA receptor trafficking. eLife 2024; 13:e80622. [PMID: 39146380 PMCID: PMC11326776 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AMPA-type receptors (AMPARs) are rapidly inserted into synapses undergoing plasticity to increase synaptic transmission, but it is not fully understood if and how AMPAR-containing vesicles are selectively trafficked to these synapses. Here, we developed a strategy to label AMPAR GluA1 subunits expressed from their endogenous loci in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and characterized the motion of GluA1-containing vesicles using single-particle tracking and mathematical modeling. We find that GluA1-containing vesicles are confined and concentrated near sites of stimulation-induced structural plasticity. We show that confinement is mediated by actin polymerization, which hinders the active transport of GluA1-containing vesicles along the length of the dendritic shaft by modulating the rheological properties of the cytoplasm. Actin polymerization also facilitates myosin-mediated transport of GluA1-containing vesicles to exocytic sites. We conclude that neurons utilize F-actin to increase vesicular GluA1 reservoirs and promote exocytosis proximal to the sites of synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Wong
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Patrick R Houlihan
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Hui Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Deepika Walpita
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Michael C DeSantis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Zhe Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Erin K O'Shea
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
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3
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Kusumi A, Tsunoyama TA, Suzuki KGN, Fujiwara TK, Aladag A. Transient, nano-scale, liquid-like molecular assemblies coming of age. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 89:102394. [PMID: 38963953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the dynamic mechanisms underlying cellular signaling, communication, and adhesion via transient, nano-scale, liquid-like molecular assemblies on the plasma membrane (PM). Traditional views posit that stable, solid-like molecular complexes perform these functions. However, advanced imaging reveals that many signaling and scaffolding proteins only briefly reside in these molecular complexes and that micron-scale protein assemblies on the PM, including cell adhesion structures and synapses, are likely made of archipelagoes of nanoliquid protein islands. Borrowing the concept of liquid-liquid phase separation to form micron-scale biocondensates, we propose that these nano-scale oligomers and assemblies are enabled by multiple weak but specific molecular interactions often involving intrinsically disordered regions. The signals from individual nanoliquid signaling complexes would occur as pulses. Single-molecule imaging emerges as a crucial technique for characterizing these transient nanoliquid assemblies on the PM, suggesting a shift toward a model where the fluidity of interactions underpins signal regulation and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kusumi
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Taka A Tsunoyama
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro K Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Amine Aladag
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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4
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Nowacka A, Getz AM, Bessa-Neto D, Choquet D. Activity-dependent diffusion trapping of AMPA receptors as a key step for expression of early LTP. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230220. [PMID: 38853553 PMCID: PMC11343219 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the activity-dependent diffusion trapping of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) as a crucial mechanism for the expression of early long-term potentiation (LTP), a process central to learning and memory. Despite decades of research, the precise mechanisms by which LTP induction leads to an increase in AMPAR responses at synapses have been elusive. We review the different hypotheses that have been put forward to explain the increased AMPAR responsiveness during LTP. We discuss the dynamic nature of AMPAR complexes, including their constant turnover and activity-dependent modifications that affect their synaptic accumulation. We highlight a hypothesis suggesting that AMPARs are diffusively trapped at synapses through activity-dependent interactions with protein-based binding slots in the post-synaptic density (PSD), offering a potential explanation for the increased synaptic strength during LTP. Furthermore, we outline the challenges still to be addressed before we fully understand the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of AMPAR dynamic nanoscale organization in LTP. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Nowacka
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, BordeauxF-33000, France
| | - Angela M. Getz
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, BordeauxF-33000, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, BordeauxF-33000, France
| | - Diogo Bessa-Neto
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, BordeauxF-33000, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, BordeauxF-33000, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, BordeauxF-33000, France
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5
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Zhu S, Shen Z, Wu X, Han W, Jia B, Lu W, Zhang M. Demixing is a default process for biological condensates formed via phase separation. Science 2024; 384:920-928. [PMID: 38781377 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj7066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Excitatory and inhibitory synapses do not overlap even when formed on one submicron-sized dendritic protrusion. How excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic cytomatrices or densities (e/iPSDs) are segregated is not understood. Broadly, why membraneless organelles are naturally segregated in cellular subcompartments is unclear. Using biochemical reconstitutions in vitro and in cells, we demonstrate that ePSDs and iPSDs spontaneously segregate into distinct condensed molecular assemblies through phase separation. Tagging iPSD scaffold gephyrin with a PSD-95 intrabody (dissociation constant ~4 nM) leads to mistargeting of gephyrin to ePSD condensates. Unexpectedly, formation of iPSD condensates forces the intrabody-tagged gephyrin out of ePSD condensates. Thus, instead of diffusion-governed spontaneous mixing, demixing is a default process for biomolecules in condensates. Phase separation can generate biomolecular compartmentalization specificities that cannot occur in dilute solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Zhu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zeyu Shen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiandeng Wu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyan Han
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
| | - Bowen Jia
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Chen Y, Liu S, Jacobi AA, Jeng G, Ulrich JD, Stein IS, Patriarchi T, Hell JW. Rapid sequential clustering of NMDARs, CaMKII, and AMPARs upon activation of NMDARs at developing synapses. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2024; 16:1291262. [PMID: 38660466 PMCID: PMC11039796 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2024.1291262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid, synapse-specific neurotransmission requires the precise alignment of presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic receptors. How postsynaptic glutamate receptor accumulation is induced during maturation is not well understood. We find that in cultures of dissociated hippocampal neurons at 11 days in vitro (DIV) numerous synaptic contacts already exhibit pronounced accumulations of the pre- and postsynaptic markers synaptotagmin, synaptophysin, synapsin, bassoon, VGluT1, PSD-95, and Shank. The presence of an initial set of AMPARs and NMDARs is indicated by miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). However, AMPAR and NMDAR immunostainings reveal rather smooth distributions throughout dendrites and synaptic enrichment is not obvious. We found that brief periods of Ca2+ influx through NMDARs induced a surprisingly rapid accumulation of NMDARs within 1 min, followed by accumulation of CaMKII and then AMPARs within 2-5 min. Postsynaptic clustering of NMDARs and AMPARs was paralleled by an increase in their mEPSC amplitudes. A peptide that blocked the interaction of NMDAR subunits with PSD-95 prevented the NMDAR clustering. NMDAR clustering persisted for 3 days indicating that brief periods of elevated glutamate fosters permanent accumulation of NMDARs at postsynaptic sites in maturing synapses. These data support the model that strong glutamatergic stimulation of immature glutamatergic synapses results in a fast and substantial increase in postsynaptic NMDAR content that required NMDAR binding to PSD-95 or its homologues and is followed by recruitment of CaMKII and subsequently AMPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Shangming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ariel A. Jacobi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Grace Jeng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jason D. Ulrich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ivar S. Stein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Johannes W. Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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7
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Hafner AS, Triesch J. Synaptic logistics: Competing over shared resources. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103858. [PMID: 37172922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High turnover rates of synaptic proteins imply that synapses constantly need to replace their constituent building blocks. This requires sophisticated supply chains and potentially exposes synapses to shortages as they compete for limited resources. Interestingly, competition in neurons has been observed at different scales. Whether it is competition of receptors for binding sites inside a single synapse or synapses fighting for resources to grow. Here we review the implications of such competition for synaptic function and plasticity. We identify multiple mechanisms that synapses use to safeguard themselves against supply shortages and identify a fundamental neurologistic trade-off governing the sizes of reserve pools of essential synaptic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Hafner
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - Jochen Triesch
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Bessa-Neto D, Choquet D. Molecular mechanisms of AMPAR reversible stabilization at synapses. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103856. [PMID: 37105372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, glutamatergic synapses play a central role in the regulation of excitatory neuronal transmission. With the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of proteins as their structuring scaffold, glutamatergic receptors serve as the powerhouse of glutamatergic synapses. Glutamatergic receptors can be categorized as metabotropic and ionotropic receptors. The latter are then categorized into N-methyl-d-aspartate, kainate receptors, and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Over the past two decades, genetic tagging technology and super-resolution microscopy have been of the utmost importance to unravel how the different receptors are organized at glutamatergic synapses. At the plasma membrane, receptors are highly mobile but show reduced mobility when at synaptic sites. This partial immobilization of receptors at synaptic sites is attributed to the stabilization/anchoring of receptors with the postsynaptic MAGUK proteins and auxiliary proteins, and presynaptic proteins. These partial immobilizations and localization of glutamatergic receptors within the synaptic sites are fundamental for proper basal transmission and synaptic plasticity. Perturbations of the stabilization of glutamatergic receptors are often associated with cognitive deficits. In this review, we describe the proposed mechanisms for synaptic localization and stabilization of AMPARs, the major players of fast excitatory transmission in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Bessa-Neto
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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9
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Wagle S, Kraynyukova N, Hafner AS, Tchumatchenko T. Computational insights into mRNA and protein dynamics underlying synaptic plasticity rules. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103846. [PMID: 36963534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in experimental techniques provide an unprecedented peek into the intricate molecular dynamics inside synapses and dendrites. The experimental insights into the molecular turnover revealed that such processes as diffusion, active transport, spine uptake, and local protein synthesis could dynamically modulate the copy numbers of plasticity-related molecules in synapses. Subsequently, theoretical models were designed to understand the interaction of these processes better and to explain how local synaptic plasticity cues can up or down-regulate the molecular copy numbers across synapses. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in experimental techniques and computational models to highlight how these complementary approaches can provide insight into molecular cross-talk across synapses, ultimately allowing us to develop biologically-inspired neural network models to understand brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhit Wagle
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 3, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataliya Kraynyukova
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Hafner
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Tchumatchenko
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 3, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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10
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Droogers WJ, MacGillavry HD. Plasticity of postsynaptic nanostructure. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 124:103819. [PMID: 36720293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses is built from a wide variety of scaffolding proteins, receptors, and signaling molecules that collectively orchestrate synaptic transmission. Seminal work over the past decades has led to the identification and functional characterization of many PSD components. In contrast, we know far less about how these constituents are assembled within synapses, and how this organization contributes to synapse function. Notably, recent evidence from high-resolution microscopy studies and in silico models, highlights the importance of the precise subsynaptic structure of the PSD for controlling the strength of synaptic transmission. Even further, activity-driven changes in the distribution of glutamate receptors are acknowledged to contribute to long-term changes in synaptic efficacy. Thus, defining the mechanisms that drive structural changes within the PSD are important for a molecular understanding of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Here, we review the current literature on how the PSD is organized to mediate basal synaptic transmission and how synaptic activity alters the nanoscale organization of synapses to sustain changes in synaptic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Droogers
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - H D MacGillavry
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
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11
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Youn Y, Lau GW, Lee Y, Maity BK, Gouaux E, Chung HJ, Selvin PR. Quantitative DNA-PAINT imaging of AMPA receptors in live neurons. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100408. [PMID: 36936077 PMCID: PMC10014303 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA-point accumulation for imaging at nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) can image fixed biological specimens with nanometer resolution and absolute stoichiometry. In living systems, however, the usage of DNA-PAINT has been limited due to high salt concentration in the buffer required for specific binding of the imager to the docker attached to the target. Here, we used multiple binding motifs of the docker, from 2 to 16, to accelerate the binding speed of the imager under physiological buffer conditions without compromising spatial resolution and maintaining the basal level homeostasis during the measurement. We imaged endogenous α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) in cultured neurons-critical proteins involved in nerve communication-by DNA-PAINT in 3-dimensions using a monovalent single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to the GluA1 subunit of AMPAR. We found a heterogeneous distribution of synaptic AMPARs: ≈60% are immobile, primarily in nanodomains, defined as AMPARs that are within 0.3 μm of the Homer1 protein in the postsynaptic density; the other ∼40% of AMPARs have restricted mobility and trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoan Youn
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gloria W. Lau
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yongjae Lee
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Barun Kumar Maity
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eric Gouaux
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Paul R. Selvin
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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12
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Quantifying postsynaptic receptor dynamics: insights into synaptic function. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:4-22. [PMID: 36352031 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular composition of presynaptic and postsynaptic neuronal terminals is dynamic, and yet long-term stabilizations in postsynaptic responses are necessary for synaptic development and long-term plasticity. The need to reconcile these concepts is further complicated by learning- and memory-related plastic changes in the molecular make-up of synapses. Advances in single-particle tracking mean that we can now quantify the number and diffusive properties of specific synaptic molecules, while statistical thermodynamics provides a framework to analyse these molecular fluctuations. In this Review, we discuss the use of these approaches to gain quantitative descriptions of the processes underlying the turnover, long-term stability and plasticity of postsynaptic receptors and show how these can help us to understand the balance between local molecular turnover and synaptic structural identity and integrity.
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13
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Bai G, Zhang M. Inhibitory postsynaptic density from the lens of phase separation. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac003. [PMID: 38596704 PMCID: PMC10913824 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
To faithfully transmit and decode signals released from presynaptic termini, postsynaptic compartments of neuronal synapses deploy hundreds of various proteins. In addition to distinct sets of proteins, excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic apparatuses display very different organization features and regulatory properties. Decades of extensive studies have generated a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition, assembly architecture and activity-dependent regulatory mechanisms of excitatory postsynaptic compartments. In comparison, our understanding of the inhibitory postsynaptic apparatus trails behind. Recent studies have demonstrated that phase separation is a new paradigm underlying the formation and plasticity of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic molecular assemblies. In this review, we discuss molecular composition, organizational and regulatory features of inhibitory postsynaptic densities through the lens of the phase separation concept and in comparison with the excitatory postsynaptic densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518036, China
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14
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Choquet D, Opazo P. The role of AMPAR lateral diffusion in memory. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 125:76-83. [PMID: 35123863 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of AMPARs to synapses is a fundamental step in Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission, a well-established cellular correlate of learning and memory. The discovery of a sizeable and highly mobile population of extrasynaptic AMPARs - randomly scanning the synaptic surface under basal conditions - provided a conceptual framework for a simplified model: LTP can be induced by the capture, and hence accumulation, of laterally diffusing extrasynaptic AMPARs. Here, we review the evidence supporting a rate-limiting role of AMPAR lateral diffusion in LTP and as consequence, in learning and memory. We propose that there are "multiple solutions" for achieving the diffusional trapping of AMPAR during LTP, mainly mediated by the interaction between interchangeable AMPAR auxiliary subunits and cell-adhesion molecules containing PDZ-binding domains and synaptic scaffolds containing PDZ-domains. We believe that this molecular degeneracy in the diffusional trapping of AMPAR during LTP serve to ensure the robustness of this crucial step in the making of memories. All in all, the role of AMPAR lateral diffusion in LTP is not only a conceptual leap in our understanding of memory, but it might also hold the keys for the development of therapeutics against disorders associated with memory deficits such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Choquet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Patricio Opazo
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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15
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Wang CS, Chanaday NL, Monteggia LM, Kavalali ET. Probing the segregation of evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission via photobleaching and recovery of a fluorescent glutamate sensor. eLife 2022; 11:e76008. [PMID: 35420542 PMCID: PMC9129874 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses maintain both action potential-evoked and spontaneous neurotransmitter release; however, organization of these two forms of release within an individual synapse remains unclear. Here, we used photobleaching properties of iGluSnFR, a fluorescent probe that detects glutamate, to investigate the subsynaptic organization of evoked and spontaneous release in primary hippocampal cultures. In nonneuronal cells and neuronal dendrites, iGluSnFR fluorescence is intensely photobleached and recovers via diffusion of nonphotobleached probes with a time constant of ~10 s. After photobleaching, while evoked iGluSnFR events could be rapidly suppressed, their recovery required several hours. In contrast, iGluSnFR responses to spontaneous release were comparatively resilient to photobleaching, unless the complete pool of iGluSnFR was activated by glutamate perfusion. This differential effect of photobleaching on different modes of neurotransmission is consistent with a subsynaptic organization where sites of evoked glutamate release are clustered and corresponding iGluSnFR probes are diffusion restricted, while spontaneous release sites are broadly spread across a synapse with readily diffusible iGluSnFR probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille S Wang
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Natali L Chanaday
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
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16
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Niescier RF, Lin YC. The Potential Role of AMPA Receptor Trafficking in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Conditions. Neuroscience 2021; 479:180-191. [PMID: 34571086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted condition associated with difficulties in social interaction and communication. It also shares several comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental conditions. Intensive research examining the molecular basis and characteristics of ASD has revealed an association with a large number and variety of low-penetrance genes. Many of the variants associated with ASD are in genes underlying pathways involved in long-term potentiation (LTP) or depression (LTD). These mechanisms then control the tuning of neuronal connections in response to experience by modifying and trafficking ionotropic glutamate receptors at the post-synaptic areas. Despite the high genetic heterogeneity in ASD, surface trafficking of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor is a vulnerable pathway in ASD. In this review, we discuss autism-related alterations in the trafficking of AMPA receptors, whose surface density and composition at the post-synapse determine the strength of the excitatory connection between neurons. We highlight genes associated with neurodevelopmental conditions that share the autism comorbidity, including Fragile X syndrome, Rett Syndrome, and Tuberous Sclerosis, as well as the autism-risk genes NLGNs, IQSEC2, DOCK4, and STXBP5, all of which are involved in regulating AMPAR trafficking to the post-synaptic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Niescier
- Program in Neuroscience, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Yu-Chih Lin
- Program in Neuroscience, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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17
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Super-resolution microscopy: a closer look at synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:723-740. [PMID: 34725519 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synapse has emerged as a critical neuronal structure in the degenerative process of Alzheimer disease (AD), in which the pathogenic signals of two key players - amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau - converge, thereby causing synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits. The synapse presents a dynamic, confined microenvironment in which to explore how key molecules travel, localize, interact and assume different levels of organizational complexity, thereby affecting neuronal function. However, owing to their small size and the diffraction-limited resolution of conventional light microscopic approaches, investigating synaptic structure and dynamics has been challenging. Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) techniques have overcome the resolution barrier and are revolutionizing our quantitative understanding of biological systems in unprecedented spatio-temporal detail. Here we review critical new insights provided by SRM into the molecular architecture and dynamic organization of the synapse and, in particular, the interactions between Aβ and tau in this compartment. We further highlight how SRM can transform our understanding of the molecular pathological mechanisms that underlie AD. The application of SRM for understanding the roles of synapses in AD pathology will provide a stepping stone towards a broader understanding of dysfunction in other subcellular compartments and at cellular and circuit levels in this disease.
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18
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Law E, Li Y, Kahraman O, Haselwandter CA. Stochastic self-assembly of reaction-diffusion patterns in synaptic membranes. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:014403. [PMID: 34412234 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.014403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic receptor and scaffold molecules self-assemble into membrane protein domains, which play an important role in signal transmission across chemical synapses. Experiment and theory have shown that the formation of receptor-scaffold domains of the characteristic size observed in nerve cells can be understood from the receptor and scaffold reaction and diffusion processes suggested by experiments. We employ here kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations to explore the self-assembly of synaptic receptor-scaffold domains in a stochastic lattice model of receptor and scaffold reaction-diffusion dynamics. For reaction and diffusion rates within the ranges of values suggested by experiments we find, in agreement with previous mean-field calculations, self-assembly of receptor-scaffold domains of a size similar to that observed in experiments. Comparisons between the results of our KMC simulations and mean-field solutions suggest that the intrinsic noise associated with receptor and scaffold reaction and diffusion processes accelerates the self-assembly of receptor-scaffold domains, and confers increased robustness to domain formation. In agreement with experimental observations, our KMC simulations yield a prevalence of scaffolds over receptors in receptor-scaffold domains. Our KMC simulations show that receptor and scaffold reaction-diffusion dynamics can inherently give rise to plasticity in the overall properties of receptor-scaffold domains, which may be utilized by nerve cells to regulate the receptor number at chemical synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everest Law
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Osman Kahraman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Christoph A Haselwandter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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19
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Sun Y, Smirnov M, Kamasawa N, Yasuda R. Rapid Ultrastructural Changes in the PSD and Surrounding Membrane after Induction of Structural LTP in Single Dendritic Spines. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7003-7014. [PMID: 34266899 PMCID: PMC8372018 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1964-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural plasticity of dendritic spines is considered to be an important basis of synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Here, we induced input-specific structural LTP (sLTP) in single dendritic spines in organotypic hippocampal slices from mice of either sex and performed ultrastructural analyses of the spines using efficient correlative light and electron microscopy. We observed reorganization of the PSD nanostructure, such as perforation and segmentation, at 2-3, 20, and 120 min after sLTP induction. In addition, PSD and nonsynaptic axon-spine interface (nsASI) membrane expanded unevenly during sLTP. Specifically, the PSD area showed a transient increase at 2-3 min after sLTP induction. The PSD growth was to a degree less than spine volume growth at 2-3 min and 20 min after sLTP induction but became similar at 120 min. On the other hand, the nsASI area showed a profound and lasting expansion, to a degree similar to spine volume growth throughout the process. These rapid ultrastructural changes in PSD and surrounding membrane may contribute to rapid electrophysiological plasticity during sLTP.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To understand the ultrastructural changes during synaptic plasticity, it is desired to efficiently image single dendritic spines that underwent structural plasticity in electron microscopy. We induced structural long-term potentiation (sLTP) in single dendritic spines by two-photon glutamate uncaging. We then identified the same spines at different phases of sLTP and performed ultrastructural analysis by using an efficient correlative light and electron microscopy method. We found that postsynaptic density undergoes dramatic modification in its structural complexity immediately after sLTP induction. Meanwhile, the nonsynaptic axon-spine interface area shows a rapid and sustained increase throughout sLTP. Our results indicate that the uneven modification of synaptic and nonsynaptic postsynaptic membrane might contribute to rapid electrophysiological plasticity during sLTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458
- Integrative Biology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida 33458
- International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Michael Smirnov
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458
- International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458
- Integrative Biology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida 33458
- International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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20
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Zieger HL, Choquet D. Nanoscale synapse organization and dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105453. [PMID: 34314857 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders such as those linked to intellectual disabilities or autism spectrum disorder are thought to originate in part from genetic defects in synaptic proteins. Single gene mutations linked to synapse dysfunction can broadly be separated in three categories: disorders of transcriptional regulation, disorders of synaptic signaling and disorders of synaptic scaffolding and structures. The recent developments in super-resolution imaging technologies and their application to synapses have unraveled a complex nanoscale organization of synaptic components. On the one hand, part of receptors, adhesion proteins, ion channels, scaffold elements and the pre-synaptic release machinery are partitioned in subsynaptic nanodomains, and the respective organization of these nanodomains has tremendous impact on synaptic function. For example, pre-synaptic neurotransmitter release sites are partly aligned with nanometer precision to postsynaptic receptor clusters. On the other hand, a large fraction of synaptic components is extremely dynamic and constantly exchanges between synaptic domains and extrasynaptic or intracellular compartments. It is largely the combination of the exquisitely precise nanoscale synaptic organization of synaptic components and their high dynamic that allows the rapid and profound regulation of synaptic function during synaptic plasticity processes that underlie adaptability of brain function, learning and memory. It is very tempting to speculate that genetic defects that lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and target synaptic scaffolds and structures mediate their deleterious impact on brain function through perturbing synapse nanoscale dynamic organization. We discuss here how applying super-resolution imaging methods in models of neurodevelopmental disorders could help in addressing this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L Zieger
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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21
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Delgado JY. Lack of support for surface diffusion of postsynaptic AMPARs in tuning synaptic transmission. Biophys J 2021; 120:3409-3417. [PMID: 34214532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive stimulation of excitatory synapses triggers molecular events required for signal transfer across neuronal synapses. It has been hypothesized that one of these molecular events, the diffusion of extrasynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPARs) (i.e., the diffusion hypothesis), is necessary to help synapses recover from paired-pulse depression. To examine this presumed role of AMPAR diffusion during repetitive presynaptic stimulation, a biophysical model based on published physiological results was developed to track the localization and gating of each AMPAR. The model demonstrates that AMPAR gating in short intervals of fewer than 100 ms is controlled by their position in relation to the glutamate release site and by their recovery from desensitization, but it is negligibly influenced by their diffusion. Therefore, these simulations failed to demonstrate a role for AMPAR diffusion in helping synapses recover from paired-pulse depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jary Y Delgado
- Department of Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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22
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Ludewig S, Herrmann U, Michaelsen-Preusse K, Metzdorf K, Just J, Bold C, Müller UC, Korte M. APPsα rescues impaired Ca 2+ homeostasis in APP- and APLP2-deficient hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2011506118. [PMID: 34172567 PMCID: PMC8256088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011506118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis have been reported in several in vitro and in vivo studies using mice expressing the Alzheimer's disease-associated transgenes, presenilin and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). While intense research focused on amyloid-β-mediated functions on neuronal Ca2+ handling, the physiological role of APP and its close homolog APLP2 is still not fully clarified. We now elucidate a mechanism to show how APP and its homolog APLP2 control neuronal Ca2+ handling and identify especially the ectodomain APPsα as an essential regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis. Importantly, we demonstrate that the loss of APP and APLP2, but not APLP2 alone, impairs Ca2+ handling, the refill of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores, and synaptic plasticity due to altered function and expression of the SERCA-ATPase and expression of store-operated Ca2+ channel-associated proteins Stim1 and Stim2. Long-term AAV-mediated expression of APPsα, but not acute application of the recombinant protein, restored physiological Ca2+ homeostasis and synaptic plasticity in APP/APLP2 cDKO cultures. Overall, our analysis reveals an essential role of the APP family and especially of the ectodomain APPsα in Ca2+ homeostasis, thereby highlighting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Ludewig
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Herrmann
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Metzdorf
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Just
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bold
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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23
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Polenghi A, Nieus T, Guazzi S, Gorostiza P, Petrini EM, Barberis A. Kainate Receptor Activation Shapes Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity by Controlling Receptor Lateral Mobility at Glutamatergic Synapses. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107735. [PMID: 32521260 PMCID: PMC7296349 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Kainate receptors (KARs) mediate postsynaptic currents with a key impact on neuronal excitability. However, the molecular determinants controlling KAR postsynaptic localization and stabilization are poorly understood. Here, we exploit optogenetic and single-particle tracking approaches to study the role of KAR conformational states induced by glutamate binding on KAR lateral mobility at synapses. We report that following glutamate binding, KARs are readily and reversibly trapped at glutamatergic synapses through increased interaction with the β-catenin/N-cadherin complex. We demonstrate that such activation-dependent synaptic immobilization of KARs is crucial for the modulation of short-term plasticity of glutamatergic synapses. Thus, the present study unveils the crosstalk between conformational states and lateral mobility of KARs, a mechanism regulating glutamatergic signaling, particularly in conditions of sustained synaptic activity. Anchoring of KARs at glutamatergic synapses depends on receptor-glutamate binding KARs activation/desensitization promotes receptors trapping at glutamatergic synapses N-cadherins mediate the KAR activation/desensitization-dependent anchoring at synapses Synaptic trapping of desensitized KARs affects short-term synaptic plasticity
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Polenghi
- Synaptic Plasticity of Inhibitory Networks, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Thierry Nieus
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco," University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Guazzi
- Synaptic Plasticity of Inhibitory Networks, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanotechnology (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrica Maria Petrini
- Synaptic Plasticity of Inhibitory Networks, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Barberis
- Synaptic Plasticity of Inhibitory Networks, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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24
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Compans B, Camus C, Kallergi E, Sposini S, Martineau M, Butler C, Kechkar A, Klaassen RV, Retailleau N, Sejnowski TJ, Smit AB, Sibarita JB, Bartol TM, Perrais D, Nikoletopoulou V, Choquet D, Hosy E. NMDAR-dependent long-term depression is associated with increased short term plasticity through autophagy mediated loss of PSD-95. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2849. [PMID: 33990590 PMCID: PMC8121912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic strength can take multiple forms and contribute to circuit remodeling, memory encoding or erasure. The generic term LTD encompasses various induction pathways, including activation of NMDA, mGlu or P2X receptors. However, the associated specific molecular mechanisms and effects on synaptic physiology are still unclear. We here compare how NMDAR- or P2XR-dependent LTD affect synaptic nanoscale organization and function in rodents. While both LTDs are associated with a loss and reorganization of synaptic AMPARs, only NMDAR-dependent LTD induction triggers a profound reorganization of PSD-95. This modification, which requires the autophagy machinery to remove the T19-phosphorylated form of PSD-95 from synapses, leads to an increase in AMPAR surface mobility. We demonstrate that these post-synaptic changes that occur specifically during NMDAR-dependent LTD result in an increased short-term plasticity improving neuronal responsiveness of depressed synapses. Our results establish that P2XR- and NMDAR-mediated LTD are associated to functionally distinct forms of LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Compans
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Come Camus
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanouela Kallergi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Sposini
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Magalie Martineau
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Corey Butler
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adel Kechkar
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Remco V Klaassen
- Department Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands
| | - Natacha Retailleau
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Terrence J Sejnowski
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - August B Smit
- Department Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sibarita
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas M Bartol
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Perrais
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Daniel Choquet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Hosy
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.
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25
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Becker MFP, Tetzlaff C. The biophysical basis underlying the maintenance of early phase long-term potentiation. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008813. [PMID: 33750943 PMCID: PMC8016278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of synaptic changes resulting from long-term potentiation (LTP) is essential for brain function such as memory and learning. Different LTP phases have been associated with diverse molecular processes and pathways, and the molecular underpinnings of LTP on the short, as well as long time scales, are well established. However, the principles on the intermediate time scale of 1-6 hours that mediate the early phase of LTP (E-LTP) remain elusive. We hypothesize that the interplay between specific features of postsynaptic receptor trafficking is responsible for sustaining synaptic changes during this LTP phase. We test this hypothesis by formalizing a biophysical model that integrates several experimentally-motivated mechanisms. The model captures a wide range of experimental findings and predicts that synaptic changes are preserved for hours when the receptor dynamics are shaped by the interplay of structural changes of the spine in conjunction with increased trafficking from recycling endosomes and the cooperative binding of receptors. Furthermore, our model provides several predictions to verify our findings experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz F. P. Becker
- III. Institute of Physics – Biophysics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Tetzlaff
- III. Institute of Physics – Biophysics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Arriagada-Diaz J, Prado-Vega L, Cárdenas Díaz AM, Ardiles AO, Gonzalez-Jamett AM. Dynamin Superfamily at Pre- and Postsynapses: Master Regulators of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Health and Disease. Neuroscientist 2020; 28:41-58. [PMID: 33300419 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420974313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin superfamily proteins (DSPs) comprise a large group of GTP-ases that orchestrate membrane fusion and fission, and cytoskeleton remodeling in different cell-types. At the central nervous system, they regulate synaptic vesicle recycling and signaling-receptor turnover, allowing the maintenance of synaptic transmission. In the presynapses, these GTP-ases control the recycling of synaptic vesicles influencing the size of the ready-releasable pool and the release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals, whereas in the postsynapses, they are involved in AMPA-receptor trafficking to and from postsynaptic densities, supporting excitatory synaptic plasticity, and consequently learning and memory formation. In agreement with these relevant roles, an important number of neurological disorders are associated with mutations and/or dysfunction of these GTP-ases. Along the present review we discuss the importance of DSPs at synapses and their implication in different neuropathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arriagada-Diaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Ciencias, mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Prado-Vega
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Ciencias, mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ana M Cárdenas Díaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Arlek M Gonzalez-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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27
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Glutamatergic Receptor Trafficking and Delivery: Role of the Exocyst Complex. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112402. [PMID: 33153008 PMCID: PMC7693776 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells comprise several intracellular membrane compartments that allow them to function properly. One of these functions is cargo movement, typically proteins and membranes within cells. These cargoes ride microtubules through vesicles from Golgi and recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane in order to be delivered and exocytosed. In neurons, synaptic functions employ this cargo trafficking to maintain inter-neuronal communication optimally. One of the complexes that oversee vesicle trafficking and tethering is the exocyst. The exocyst is a protein complex containing eight subunits first identified in yeast and then characterized in multicellular organisms. This complex is related to several cellular processes, including cellular growth, division, migration, and morphogenesis, among others. It has been associated with glutamatergic receptor trafficking and tethering into the synapse, providing the molecular machinery to deliver receptor-containing vesicles into the plasma membrane in a constitutive manner. In this review, we discuss the evidence so far published regarding receptor trafficking and the exocyst complex in both basal and stimulated levels, comparing constitutive trafficking and long-term potentiation-related trafficking.
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28
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Sumi T, Harada K. Mechanism underlying hippocampal long-term potentiation and depression based on competition between endocytosis and exocytosis of AMPA receptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14711. [PMID: 32895399 PMCID: PMC7477194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of signal transmission form neural circuits and thus are thought to underlie learning and memory. These mechanisms are mediated by AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking in postsynaptic neurons. However, the regulatory mechanism of bidirectional plasticity at excitatory synapses remains unclear. We present a network model of AMPAR trafficking for adult hippocampal pyramidal neurons, which reproduces both LTP and LTD. We show that the induction of both LTP and LTD is regulated by the competition between exocytosis and endocytosis of AMPARs, which are mediated by the calcium-sensors synaptotagmin 1/7 (Syt1/7) and protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1), respectively. Our result indicates that recycling endosomes containing AMPAR are always ready for Syt1/7-dependent exocytosis of AMPAR at peri-synaptic/synaptic membranes. This is because molecular motor myosin Vb constitutively transports the recycling endosome toward the membrane in a Ca2+-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Sumi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Kouji Harada
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
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29
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Nosov G, Kahms M, Klingauf J. The Decade of Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Presynapse. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:32. [PMID: 32848695 PMCID: PMC7433402 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The presynaptic compartment of the chemical synapse is a small, yet extremely complex structure. Considering its size, most methods of optical microscopy are not able to resolve its nanoarchitecture and dynamics. Thus, its ultrastructure could only be studied by electron microscopy. In the last decade, new methods of optical superresolution microscopy have emerged allowing the study of cellular structures and processes at the nanometer scale. While this is a welcome addition to the experimental arsenal, it has necessitated careful analysis and interpretation to ensure the data obtained remains artifact-free. In this article we review the application of nanoscopic techniques to the study of the synapse and the progress made over the last decade with a particular focus on the presynapse. We find to our surprise that progress has been limited, calling for imaging techniques and probes that allow dense labeling, multiplexing, longer imaging times, higher temporal resolution, while at least maintaining the spatial resolution achieved thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Nosov
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,CIM-IMPRS Graduate Program in Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Kahms
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jurgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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30
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Postnikova TY, Amakhin DV, Trofimova AM, Zaitsev AV. Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors are essential to the synaptic plasticity induced by epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal slices. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:1145-1150. [PMID: 32819578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal neuronal activity during epileptic seizures alters the properties of synaptic plasticity, and, consequently, leads to cognitive impairment. The molecular mechanism of these alterations in synaptic plasticity is still unclear. In the present study, using a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in vitro model, we demonstrated that epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal slices initially causes substantial enhancement of field excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitude. However, the potentiation of CA3-CA1 synapses was temporary and switched to long-term depression (LTD) within an hour. Previous studies showed that transient incorporation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) is crucial for the consolidation of long-term potentiation (LTP). We confirmed that, in normal conditions, the blockage of CP-AMPARs prevented the consolidation of LTP induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS). In contrast, the blockage of CP-AMPARs preserved synaptic potentiation induced by epileptiform activity. One hour after a period of epileptiform activity in the hippocampal slices, synaptic plasticity was substantially altered, and the TBS protocol was unable to produce LTP. Moreover, if CP-AMPARs were blocked, the TBS protocol induced LTD. Our results indicate that CP-AMPARs play an essential role in the molecular mechanism of the disturbances of synaptic plasticity caused by epileptiform activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Y Postnikova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Amakhin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Alina M Trofimova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
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31
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Ciappelloni S, Bouchet D, Dubourdieu N, Boué-Grabot E, Kellermayer B, Manso C, Marignier R, Oliet SHR, Tourdias T, Groc L. Aquaporin-4 Surface Trafficking Regulates Astrocytic Process Motility and Synaptic Activity in Health and Autoimmune Disease. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3860-3872.e4. [PMID: 31242419 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes constantly adapt their ramified morphology in order to support brain cell assemblies. Such plasticity is partly mediated by ion and water fluxes, which rely on the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4). The mechanism by which this channel locally contributes to process dynamics has remained elusive. Using a combination of single-molecule and calcium imaging approaches, we here investigated in hippocampal astrocytes the dynamic distribution of the AQP4 isoforms M1 and M23. Surface AQP4-M1 formed small aggregates that contrast with the large AQP4-M23 clusters that are enriched near glutamatergic synapses. Strikingly, stabilizing surface AQP4-M23 tuned the motility of astrocyte processes and favors glutamate synapse activity. Furthermore, human autoantibodies directed against AQP4 from neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients impaired AQP4-M23 dynamic distribution and, consequently, astrocyte process and synaptic activity. Collectively, it emerges that the membrane dynamics of AQP4 isoform regulate brain cell assemblies in health and autoimmune brain disease targeting AQP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ciappelloni
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroSciences, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Bouchet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroSciences, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadège Dubourdieu
- Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Boué-Grabot
- Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Blanka Kellermayer
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroSciences, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Constance Manso
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroSciences, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Romain Marignier
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Center for Research in Neuroscience of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane H R Oliet
- Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Tourdias
- Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Groc
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroSciences, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France.
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32
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Abstract
Regulation of neurotransmitter receptor content at synapses is achieved through a dynamic equilibrium between biogenesis and degradation pathways, receptor stabilization at synaptic sites, and receptor trafficking in and out synapses. In the past 20 years, the movements of receptors to and from synapses have emerged as a series of highly regulated processes that mediate postsynaptic plasticity. Our understanding of the properties and roles of receptor movements has benefited from technological advances in receptor labeling and tracking capacities, as well as from new methods to interfere with their movements. Focusing on two key glutamatergic receptors, we review here our latest understanding of the characteristics of receptor movements and their role in tuning the efficacy of synaptic transmission in health and brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Groc
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroScience, CNRS, UMR 5297, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- IINS, University of Bordeaux, UMR5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroScience, CNRS, UMR 5297, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- IINS, University of Bordeaux, UMR5297, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US4 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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33
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Shaw JE, Koleske AJ. Functional interactions of ion channels with the actin cytoskeleton: does coupling to dynamic actin regulate NMDA receptors? J Physiol 2020; 599:431-441. [PMID: 32034761 DOI: 10.1113/jp278702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapses are enriched in the cytoskeletal protein actin, which determines the shape of the pre- and postsynaptic compartments, organizes the neurotransmitter release machinery, and provides a framework for trafficking of components. In the postsynaptic compartment, interactions with actin or its associated proteins are also critical for the localization and activity of synaptic neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. Actin binding proteins, including spectrin and α-actinin, serve as molecular linkages between the actin cytoskeleton and a diverse collection of receptors, including the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and voltage-gated Na+ channels. The actin cytoskeleton can regulate neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels by controlling their trafficking and localization at the synapse and by directly gating receptor channel opening. We highlight evidence that synaptic actin couples physically and functionally to the NMDAR and supports its activity. The molecular mechanisms by which actin regulates NMDARs are only just emerging, and recent advancements in light and electron microscopy-based imaging techniques should aide in elucidating these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana E Shaw
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry , Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry , Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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34
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Maynard SA, Triller A. Inhibitory Receptor Diffusion Dynamics. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:313. [PMID: 31920541 PMCID: PMC6930922 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic modulation of receptor diffusion-trapping at inhibitory synapses is crucial to synaptic transmission, stability, and plasticity. In this review article, we will outline the progression of understanding of receptor diffusion dynamics at the plasma membrane. We will discuss how regulation of reversible trapping of receptor-scaffold interactions in combination with theoretical modeling approaches can be used to quantify these chemical interactions at the postsynapse of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Maynard
- Institute of Biology of Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Triller
- Institute of Biology of Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France
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35
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Linking Nanoscale Dynamics of AMPA Receptor Organization to Plasticity of Excitatory Synapses and Learning. J Neurosci 2019; 38:9318-9329. [PMID: 30381423 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2119-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal organization of neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic membrane is a fundamental determinant of synaptic transmission and thus of information processing by the brain. The ionotropic AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS. The number of AMPARs located en face presynaptic glutamate release sites sets the efficacy of synaptic transmission. Understanding how this number is set and regulated has been the topic of intense research in the last two decades. We showed that AMPARs are not stable in the synapse as initially thought. They continuously enter and exit the postsynaptic density by lateral diffusion, and they exchange between the neuronal surface and intracellular compartments by endocytosis and exocytosis at extrasynaptic sites. Regulation of these various trafficking pathways has emerged as a key mechanism for activity-dependent plasticity of synaptic transmission, a process important for learning and memory. I here present my view of these findings. In particular, the advent of super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule tracking has helped to uncover the intricacy of AMPARs' dynamic organization at the nanoscale. In addition, AMPAR surface diffusion is highly regulated by a variety of factors, including neuronal activity, stress hormones, and neurodegeneration, suggesting that AMPAR diffusion-trapping may play a central role in synapse function. Using innovative tools to understand further the link between receptor dynamics and synapse plasticity is now unveiling new molecular mechanisms of learning. Modifying AMPAR dynamics may emerge as a new target to correct synapse dysfunction in the diseased brain.
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36
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Ambroziak W, Fourie C, Montgomery JM. SAP97-mediated rescue of NMDA receptor surface distribution in a neuronal model of Huntington's disease. Hippocampus 2019; 28:707-723. [PMID: 30067285 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat tract in the HTT gene, leading to motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. At the cellular level, NMDA-type glutamate receptors are upregulated at glutamatergic extrasynaptic sites in HD, triggering cell death signaling pathways and driving HD neurodegeneration. Extrasynaptic and synaptic glutamate receptor trafficking and surface distribution are regulated by the α and β N-terminal isoforms of SAP97, a postsynaptic density protein localized at glutamatergic synapses. Here we examined the surface distribution of NMDARs and AMPARs in a cellular model of HD, and whether the manipulation of individual SAP97 isoforms can regulate receptor distribution in diseased neurons. Using dSTORM super-resolution imaging, we reveal that mutant HTT drives the elevation of extrasynaptic NMDAR clusters located 100-500 nm from the postsynaptic density. This was accompanied by a decline in synaptic NMDAR-mediated currents while surface NMDAR-mediated currents remained unchanged. These effects were induced within 3 days of mutant HTT expression in rat hippocampal neurons in vitro, and were specific for NMDARs and not observed with AMPARs. Intriguingly, upregulation of either α- or βSAP97 expression increased synaptic and/or perisynaptic NMDAR localization and prevented the shift of NMDARs to extrasynaptic sites in mutant HTT neurons. This was accompanied by the rescue of normal synaptic NMDAR-mediated currents. Taken together, our high-resolution data reveals plasticity in surface NMDAR localization driven by mutant HTT and identifies the similar but independent roles of SAP97 N-terminal isoforms in maintaining normal synaptic function in pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ambroziak
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chantelle Fourie
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Johanna M Montgomery
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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37
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Reshetniak S, Rizzoli SO. Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:23. [PMID: 31507402 PMCID: PMC6716447 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission has been studied for decades, as a fundamental step in brain function. The structure of the synapse, and its changes during activity, turned out to be key aspects not only in the transfer of information between neurons, but also in cognitive processes such as learning and memory. The overall synaptic morphology has traditionally been studied by electron microscopy, which enables the visualization of synaptic structure in great detail. The changes in the organization of easily identified structures, such as the presynaptic active zone, or the postsynaptic density, are optimally studied via electron microscopy. However, few reliable methods are available for labeling individual organelles or protein complexes in electron microscopy. For such targets one typically relies either on combination of electron and fluorescence microscopy, or on super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. This review focuses on approaches and techniques used to specifically reveal synaptic organelles and protein complexes, such as cytoskeletal assemblies. We place the strongest emphasis on methods detecting the targets of interest by affinity binding, and we discuss the advantages and limitations of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiia Reshetniak
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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38
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Dupuis JP, Groc L. Surface trafficking of neurotransmitter receptors: From cultured neurons to intact brain preparations. Neuropharmacology 2019; 169:107642. [PMID: 31108111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, developments in single molecule imaging have changed our vision of synaptic physiology. By providing high spatio-temporal resolution maps of the molecular actors of neurotransmissions, these techniques have revealed that pre- and post-synaptic proteins are not randomly distributed but precisely organized at the nanoscale, and that this specific organization is dynamically regulated. At the centre of synaptic transmissions, neurotransmitter receptors have been shown to form nanodomains at synapses and to dynamically move in and out of these confinement areas through lateral diffusion within the membrane plane on millisecond timescales, thereby directly contributing to the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Since the vast majority of these discoveries originated from observations made on dissociated neurons lacking several features of brain tissue (e.g. three-dimensional organization, tissue density), they were initially considered with caution. However, the recent implementation of single-particle tracking (SPT) approaches in cultured and acute brain preparations confirmed that early findings on the dynamic properties of receptors at the surface of neurons can be extended to more physiological conditions. Taking example of dopamine D1 and NMDA glutamate receptors we here review our current knowledge of the features of neurotransmitter receptor surface diffusion in intact brain tissue. Through detailed comparison with cultured neurons, we also discuss how these biophysical properties are influenced by the complexity of the extracellular environment. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Mobility and trafficking of neuronal membrane proteins'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien P Dupuis
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Groc
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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39
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Corsetti S, Gunn-Moore F, Dholakia K. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy for neuroscience. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 319:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Sohn H, Park M. Palmitoylation-mediated synaptic regulation of AMPA receptor trafficking and function. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:426-435. [PMID: 30838509 PMCID: PMC6505502 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is a major glutamate-gated ion channel in the brain and is important for synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and learning. Palmitoylation, a post-translational modification, is a critical process regulating AMPAR trafficking, synaptic function and plasticity, and learning and memory in health and diseases. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the palmitoylation-dependent regulation of AMPAR trafficking and functions. We focus on the palmitoylation of AMPARs and other synaptic proteins that directly or indirectly interact with AMPARs, including postsynaptic density 95, glutamate receptor-interacting protein/AMPAR-binding protein, A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150, and protein interacting with C kinase 1. Finally, we discuss what future studies should address in the field of palmitoylation-dependent AMPAR trafficking and function with regard to physiology and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesung Sohn
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea. .,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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41
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Hrabetova S, Cognet L, Rusakov DA, Nägerl UV. Unveiling the Extracellular Space of the Brain: From Super-resolved Microstructure to In Vivo Function. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9355-9363. [PMID: 30381427 PMCID: PMC6706003 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1664-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular space occupies approximately one-fifth of brain volume, molding a spider web of gaps filled with interstitial fluid and extracellular matrix where neurons and glial cells perform in concert. Yet, very little is known about the spatial organization and dynamics of the extracellular space, let alone its influence on brain function, owing to a lack of appropriate techniques (and a traditional bias toward the inside of cells, not the spaces in between). At the same time, it is clear that understanding fundamental brain functions, such as synaptic transmission, memory, sleep, and recovery from disease, calls for more focused research on the extracellular space of the brain. This review article highlights several key research areas, covering recent methodological and conceptual progress that illuminates this understudied, yet critically important, brain compartment, providing insights into the opportunities and challenges of this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Hrabetova
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203
| | - Laurent Cognet
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Dmitri A Rusakov
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - U Valentin Nägerl
- Institut Interdisciplinaire des Neurosciences, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France, and
- Institut Interdisciplinaire des Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche, 33077 Bordeaux, France
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42
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Hiester BG, Becker MI, Bowen AB, Schwartz SL, Kennedy MJ. Mechanisms and Role of Dendritic Membrane Trafficking for Long-Term Potentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:391. [PMID: 30425622 PMCID: PMC6218485 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synapses is a major form of plasticity for learning and memory in the central nervous system. While the molecular mechanisms of LTP have been debated for decades, there is consensus that LTP induction activates membrane trafficking pathways within dendrites that are essential for synapse growth and strengthening. Current models suggest that key molecules for synaptic potentiation are sequestered within intracellular organelles, which are mobilized by synaptic activity to fuse with the plasma membrane following LTP induction. While the identity of the factors mobilized to the plasma membrane during LTP remain obscure, the field has narrowly focused on AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Here, we review recent literature and present new experimental data from our lab investigating whether AMPA receptors trafficked from intracellular organelles directly contribute to synaptic strengthening during LTP. We propose a modified model where membrane trafficking delivers distinct factors that are required to maintain synapse growth and AMPA receptor incorporation following LTP. Finally, we pose several fundamental questions that may guide further inquiry into the role of membrane trafficking for synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Hiester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew I Becker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aaron B Bowen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samantha L Schwartz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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43
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Patriarchi T, Buonarati OR, Hell JW. Postsynaptic localization and regulation of AMPA receptors and Cav1.2 by β2 adrenergic receptor/PKA and Ca 2+/CaMKII signaling. EMBO J 2018; 37:e99771. [PMID: 30249603 PMCID: PMC6187224 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The synapse transmits, processes, and stores data within its tiny space. Effective and specific signaling requires precise alignment of the relevant components. This review examines current insights into mechanisms of AMPAR and NMDAR localization by PSD-95 and their spatial distribution at postsynaptic sites to illuminate the structural and functional framework of postsynaptic signaling. It subsequently delineates how β2 adrenergic receptor (β2 AR) signaling via adenylyl cyclase and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase PKA is organized within nanodomains. Here, we discuss targeting of β2 AR, adenylyl cyclase, and PKA to defined signaling complexes at postsynaptic sites, i.e., AMPARs and the L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2, and other subcellular surface localizations, the role of A kinase anchor proteins, the physiological relevance of the spatial restriction of corresponding signaling, and their interplay with signal transduction by the Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent kinase CaMKII How localized and specific signaling by cAMP occurs is a central cellular question. The dendritic spine constitutes an ideal paradigm for elucidating the dimensions of spatially restricted signaling because of their small size and defined protein composition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/genetics
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- Receptors, AMPA/genetics
- Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Synapses/genetics
- Synapses/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Patriarchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Park M. AMPA Receptor Trafficking for Postsynaptic Potentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:361. [PMID: 30364291 PMCID: PMC6193507 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synaptic strength, which has long been considered a synaptic correlate for learning and memory, requires a fast recruitment of additional α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs) to the postsynaptic sites. As cell biological concepts have been applied to the field and genetic manipulation and microscopic imaging technologies have been advanced, visualization of the trafficking of AMPARs to synapses for LTP has been investigated intensively over the last decade. Recycling endosomes have been reported as intracellular storage organelles to supply AMPARs for LTP through the endocytic recycling pathway. In addition, exocytic domains in the spine plasma membrane, where AMPARs are inserted from the intracellular compartment, and nanodomains, where diffusing AMPARs are trapped and immobilized inside synapses for LTP, have been described. Furthermore, cell surface lateral diffusion of AMPARs from extrasynaptic to synaptic sites has been reported as a key step for AMPAR location to the synaptic sites for LTP. This review article will discuss recent findings and views on the reservoir(s) of AMPARs and their trafficking for LTP expression by focusing on the exocytosis and lateral diffusion of AMPARs, and provide some future directions that need to be addressed in the field of LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyoung Park
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Moretto E, Passafaro M. Recent Findings on AMPA Receptor Recycling. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:286. [PMID: 30233324 PMCID: PMC6129582 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPA-Rs) are tetrameric protein complexes that mediate most of the fast-excitatory transmission in response to the neurotransmitter glutamate in neurons. The abundance of AMPA-Rs at the surface of excitatory synapses establishes the strength of the response to glutamate. It is thus evident that neurons need to tightly regulate this feature, particularly in the context of all synaptic plasticity events, which are considered the biological correlates of higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory. AMPA-R levels at the synapse are regulated by insertion of newly synthesized receptors, lateral diffusion on the plasma membrane and endosomal cycling. The latter is likely the most important especially for synaptic plasticity. This process starts with the endocytosis of the receptor from the cell surface and is followed by either degradation, if the receptor is directed to the lysosomal compartment, or reinsertion at the cell surface through a specialized endosomal compartment called recycling endosomes. Although the basic steps of this process have been discovered, the details and participation of additional regulatory proteins are still being discovered. In this review article, we describe the most recent findings shedding light on this crucial mechanism of synaptic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Moretto
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Passafaro
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy
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Jacobi E, von Engelhardt J. AMPA receptor complex constituents: Control of receptor assembly, membrane trafficking and subcellular localization. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Haselmann H, Mannara F, Werner C, Planagumà J, Miguez-Cabello F, Schmidl L, Grünewald B, Petit-Pedrol M, Kirmse K, Classen J, Demir F, Klöcker N, Soto D, Doose S, Dalmau J, Hallermann S, Geis C. Human Autoantibodies against the AMPA Receptor Subunit GluA2 Induce Receptor Reorganization and Memory Dysfunction. Neuron 2018; 100:91-105.e9. [PMID: 30146304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors are essential for fast excitatory transmission in the CNS. Autoantibodies to AMPA receptors have been identified in humans with autoimmune encephalitis and severe defects of hippocampal function. Here, combining electrophysiology and high-resolution imaging with neuronal culture preparations and passive-transfer models in wild-type and GluA1-knockout mice, we analyze how specific human autoantibodies against the AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 affect receptor function and composition, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. Anti-GluA2 antibodies induce receptor internalization and a reduction of synaptic GluA2-containing AMPARs followed by compensatory ryanodine receptor-dependent incorporation of synaptic non-GluA2 AMPARs. Furthermore, application of human pathogenic anti-GluA2 antibodies to mice impairs long-term synaptic plasticity in vitro and affects learning and memory in vivo. Our results identify a specific immune-neuronal rearrangement of AMPA receptor subunits, providing a framework to explain disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Haselmann
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Mannara
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Werner
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jesús Planagumà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Miguez-Cabello
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Neurofisiologia, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Schmidl
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Benedikt Grünewald
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Mar Petit-Pedrol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Knut Kirmse
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fatih Demir
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich, Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics (ZEA-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Soto
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Neurofisiologia, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sören Doose
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Josep Dalmau
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), (Instituto Carlos III, Madrid), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Hallermann
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
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48
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Barabás K, Godó S, Lengyel F, Ernszt D, Pál J, Ábrahám IM. Rapid non-classical effects of steroids on the membrane receptor dynamics and downstream signaling in neurons. Horm Behav 2018; 104:183-191. [PMID: 29775570 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Although rapid effects of steroid hormones on membrane receptors and intracellular signaling molecules have been extensively studied in neurons, we are only beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms behind these non-classical steroid actions. Single molecule tracking (SMT) studies on live cells demonstrated that surface trafficking of membrane receptors determines their ligand binding properties and downstream signaling events. Recent findings suggest that one of the underlying mechanisms of non-classical steroid actions is the alteration of receptor movements on the membrane surface. In order to highlight this novel aspect of steroid effects, we first address the types of receptor movements in the plasma membrane and the role of cortical actin dynamics in receptor movement. We then discuss how single molecules and the surface movements of receptors can be detected in live cells. Next, we review the fundamental processes, which determine the effect of steroids on the plasma membrane: steroid movement through the lipid bilayer and the role of steroid membrane receptors. Using glutamate and neurotrophin receptors (NTRs) as examples, we demonstrate the features of receptor dynamics in the membrane. In addition, we survey the available data of rapid steroid actions on membrane receptor trafficking: we discuss how glucocorticoids act on the surface diffusion of glutamate receptor molecules and how estradiol acts on NTRs and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) and their related signaling events as well as on cortical actin. Finally, we address the physiological relevance of rapid steroid action on membrane receptors dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Barabás
- MTA NAP-B Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Soma Godó
- MTA NAP-B Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Lengyel
- MTA NAP-B Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ernszt
- MTA NAP-B Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Pál
- MTA NAP-B Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István M Ábrahám
- MTA NAP-B Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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49
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Regulation of Neuronal Na,K-ATPase by Extracellular Scaffolding Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082214. [PMID: 30060621 PMCID: PMC6121408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity leads to an influx of Na⁺ that needs to be rapidly cleared. The sodium-potassium ATPase (Na,K-ATPase) exports three Na⁺ ions and imports two K⁺ ions at the expense of one ATP molecule. Na,K-ATPase turnover accounts for the majority of energy used by the brain. To prevent an energy crisis, the energy expense for Na⁺ clearance must provide an optimal effect. Here we report that in rat primary hippocampal neurons, the clearance of Na⁺ ions is more efficient if Na,K-ATPase is laterally mobile in the membrane than if it is clustered. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and single particle tracking analysis, we show that the ubiquitous α1 and the neuron-specific α3 catalytic subunits as well as the supportive β1 subunit of Na,K-ATPase are highly mobile in the plasma membrane. We show that cross-linking of the β1 subunit with polyclonal antibodies or exposure to Modulator of Na,K-ATPase (MONaKA), a secreted protein which binds to the extracellular domain of the β subunit, clusters the α3 subunit in the membrane and restricts its mobility. We demonstrate that clustering, caused by cross-linking or by exposure to MONaKA, reduces the efficiency in restoring intracellular Na⁺. These results demonstrate that extracellular interactions with Na,K-ATPase regulate the Na⁺ extrusion efficiency with consequences for neuronal energy balance.
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50
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Zhang L, Zhang P, Wang G, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Zhang M, Xiao J, Crespo P, Hell JW, Lin L, Huganir RL, Zhu JJ. Ras and Rap Signal Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity via Distinct Subcellular Microdomains. Neuron 2018; 98:783-800.e4. [PMID: 29706584 PMCID: PMC6192044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
How signaling molecules achieve signal diversity and specificity is a long-standing cell biology question. Here we report the development of a targeted delivery method that permits specific expression of homologous Ras-family small GTPases (i.e., Ras, Rap2, and Rap1) in different subcellular microdomains, including the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid rafts, bulk membrane, lysosomes, and Golgi complex, in rodent hippocampal CA1 neurons. The microdomain-targeted delivery, combined with multicolor fluorescence protein tagging and high-resolution dual-quintuple simultaneous patch-clamp recordings, allows systematic analysis of microdomain-specific signaling. The analysis shows that Ras signals long-term potentiation via endoplasmic reticulum PI3K and lipid raft ERK, whereas Rap2 and Rap1 signal depotentiation and long-term depression via bulk membrane JNK and lysosome p38MAPK, respectively. These results establish an effective subcellular microdomain-specific targeted delivery method and unveil subcellular microdomain-specific signaling as the mechanism for homologous Ras and Rap to achieve signal diversity and specificity to control multiple forms of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Guangfu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Huaye Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mingxu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabriaand CIBERONC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - J Julius Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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