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Izumi M, Costa DB, Kobayashi SS. Targeting of drug-tolerant persister cells as an approach to counter drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2024; 194:107885. [PMID: 39002493 PMCID: PMC11305904 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The advent of targeted therapies revolutionized treatments of advanced oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nonetheless, despite initial dramatic responses, development of drug resistance is inevitable. Although mechanisms underlying acquired resistance, such as on-target mutations, bypass pathways, or lineage transformation, have been described, overcoming drug resistance remains challenging. Recent evidence suggests that drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells, which are tumor cells tolerant to initial drug exposure, give rise to cells that acquire drug resistance. Thus, the possibility of eradicating cancer by targeting DTP cells is under investigation, and various strategies are proposed. Here, we review overall features of DTP cells, current efforts to define DTP markers, and potential therapeutic strategies to target and eradicate DTP cells in oncogene-driven NSCLC. We also discuss future challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Izumi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniel B Costa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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2
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Isca VMS, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Małecka M, Zajdel K, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Jęcek M, Rijo P, Zajdel R. Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Semisynthetic Derivatives of 7α-Acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone from Plectranthus sp.: An In Silico Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4529. [PMID: 38674113 PMCID: PMC11050557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The diterpene 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone isolated from Plectranthus grandidentatus demonstrates promising antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, its bioactivity may be enhanced via strategic structural modifications of such natural products through semisynthesis. The anticancer potential of 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone and five derivatives was analyzed in silico via the prediction of chemicals absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), quantum mechanical calculations, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. The protein targets included regulators of apoptosis and cell proliferation. Additionally, network pharmacology was used to identify potential targets and signaling pathways. Derivatives 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxy-12-O-(2-fluoryl)royleanone and 7α-acetoxy-6β-(4-fluoro)benzoxy-12-O-(4-fluoro)benzoylroyleanone achieved high predicted binding affinities towards their respective protein panels, with stable molecular dynamics trajectories. Both compounds demonstrated favorable ADMET parameters and toxicity profiles. Their stability and reactivity were confirmed via geometry optimization. Network analysis revealed their involvement in cancer-related pathways. Our findings justify the inclusion of 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxy-12-O-(2-fluoryl)royleanone and 7α-acetoxy-6β-(4-fluoro)benzoxy-12-O-(4-fluoro)benzoylroyleanone in in vitro analyses as prospective anticancer agents. Our binding mode analysis and stability simulations indicate their potential as selective inhibitors. The data will guide studies into their structure optimization, enhancing efficacy and drug-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (M.J.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Vera M. S. Isca
- Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | | | - Mariusz Jęcek
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (M.J.); (R.Z.)
| | - Patricia Rijo
- Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (M.J.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
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3
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La Russa D, Barberio L, Marrone A, Perri A, Pellegrino D. Caloric Restriction Mitigates Kidney Fibrosis in an Aged and Obese Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1778. [PMID: 37760081 PMCID: PMC10525959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction is an effective intervention to protract healthspan and lifespan in several animal models from yeast to primates, including humans. Caloric restriction has been found to induce cardiometabolic adaptations associated with improved health and to delay the onset and progression of kidney disease in different species, particularly in rodent models. In both aging and obesity, fibrosis is a hallmark of kidney disease, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a key process that leads to fibrosis and renal dysfunction during aging. In this study, we used an aged and obese rat model to evaluate the effect of long-term (6 months) caloric restriction (-40%) on renal damage both from a structural and functional point of view. Renal interstitial fibrosis was analyzed by histological techniques, whereas effects on mesenchymal (N-cadherin, Vimentin, Desmin and α-SMA), antioxidant (SOD1, SOD2, Catalase and GSTP1) inflammatory (YM1 and iNOS) markers and apoptotic/cell cycle (BAX, BCL2, pJNK, Caspase 3 and p27) pathways were investigated using Western blot analysis. Our results clearly showed that caloric restriction promotes cell cycle division and reduces apoptotic injury and fibrosis phenotype through inflammation attenuation and leukocyte infiltration. In conclusion, we highlight the beneficial effects of caloric restriction to preserve elderly kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Laura Barberio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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4
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Perez-Serna AA, Dos Santos RS, Ripoll C, Nadal A, Eizirik DL, Marroqui L. BCL-XL Overexpression Protects Pancreatic β-Cells against Cytokine- and Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5657. [PMID: 36982731 PMCID: PMC10056015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects glucose metabolism, either by autoimmune-driven β-cell loss or by the progressive loss of β-cell function, due to continued metabolic stresses. Although both α- and β-cells are exposed to the same stressors, such as proinflammatory cytokines and saturated free fatty acids (e.g., palmitate), only α-cells survive. We previously reported that the abundant expression of BCL-XL, an anti-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family of proteins, is part of the α-cell defense mechanism against palmitate-induced cell death. Here, we investigated whether BCL-XL overexpression could protect β-cells against the apoptosis induced by proinflammatory and metabolic insults. For this purpose, BCL-XL was overexpressed in two β-cell lines-namely, rat insulinoma-derived INS-1E and human insulin-producing EndoC-βH1 cells-using adenoviral vectors. We observed that the BCL-XL overexpression in INS-1E cells was slightly reduced in intracellular Ca2+ responses and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas these effects were not observed in the human EndoC-βH1 cells. In INS-1E cells, BCL-XL overexpression partially decreased cytokine- and palmitate-induced β-cell apoptosis (around 40% protection). On the other hand, the overexpression of BCL-XL markedly protected EndoC-βH1 cells against the apoptosis triggered by these insults (>80% protection). Analysis of the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers suggests that resistance to the cytokine and palmitate conferred by BCL-XL overexpression might be, at least in part, due to the alleviation of ER stress. Altogether, our data indicate that BCL-XL plays a dual role in β-cells, participating both in cellular processes related to β-cell physiology and in fostering survival against pro-apoptotic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atenea A. Perez-Serna
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Reinaldo S. Dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Marroqui
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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5
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Rosa N, Speelman-Rooms F, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Modulation of Ca 2+ signaling by antiapoptotic Bcl-2 versus Bcl-xL: From molecular mechanisms to relevance for cancer cell survival. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188791. [PMID: 36162541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Bcl-2-protein family are key controllers of apoptotic cell death. The family is divided into antiapoptotic (including Bcl-2 itself, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, etc.) and proapoptotic members (Bax, Bak, Bim, Bim, Puma, Noxa, Bad, etc.). These proteins are well known for their canonical role in the mitochondria, where they control mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and subsequent apoptosis. However, several proteins are recognized as modulators of intracellular Ca2+ signals that originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the major intracellular Ca2+-storage organelle. More than 25 years ago, Bcl-2, the founding member of the family, was reported to control apoptosis through Ca2+ signaling. Further work elucidated that Bcl-2 directly targets and inhibits inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), thereby suppressing proapoptotic Ca2+ signaling. In addition to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL was also shown to impact cell survival by sensitizing IP3R function, thereby promoting prosurvival oscillatory Ca2+ release. However, new work challenges this model and demonstrates that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL can both function as inhibitors of IP3Rs. This suggests that, depending on the cell context, Bcl-xL could support very distinct Ca2+ patterns. This not only raises several questions but also opens new possibilities for the treatment of Bcl-xL-dependent cancers. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and divergences between Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL regarding Ca2+ homeostasis and IP3R modulation from both a molecular and a functional point of view, with particular emphasis on cancer cell death resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rosa
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Femke Speelman-Rooms
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Sela Y, Li J, Maheswaran S, Norgard R, Yuan S, Hubbi M, Doepner M, Xu JP, Ho E, Measaros C, Sheehan C, Croley G, Muir A, Blair IA, Shalem O, Dang CV, Stanger BZ. Bcl-xL Enforces a Slow-Cycling State Necessary for Survival in the Nutrient-Deprived Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1890-1908. [PMID: 35315913 PMCID: PMC9117449 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors possess heterogeneous metabolic microenvironments where oxygen and nutrient availability are plentiful (fertile regions) or scarce (arid regions). While cancer cells residing in fertile regions proliferate rapidly, most cancer cells in vivo reside in arid regions and exhibit a slow-cycling state that renders them chemoresistant. Here, we developed an in vitro system enabling systematic comparison between these populations via transcriptome analysis, metabolomic profiling, and whole-genome CRISPR screening. Metabolic deprivation led to pronounced transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in decreased anabolic activities and distinct vulnerabilities. Reductions in anabolic, energy-consuming activities, particularly cell proliferation, were not simply byproducts of the metabolic challenge, but rather essential adaptations. Mechanistically, Bcl-xL played a central role in the adaptation to nutrient and oxygen deprivation. In this setting, Bcl-xL protected quiescent cells from the lethal effects of cell-cycle entry in the absence of adequate nutrients. Moreover, inhibition of Bcl-xL combined with traditional chemotherapy had a synergistic antitumor effect that targeted cycling cells. Bcl-xL expression was strongly associated with poor patient survival despite being confined to the slow-cycling fraction of human pancreatic cancer cells. These findings provide a rationale for combining traditional cancer therapies that target rapidly cycling cells with those that target quiescent, chemoresistant cells associated with nutrient and oxygen deprivation. SIGNIFICANCE The majority of pancreatic cancer cells inhabit nutrient- and oxygen-poor tumor regions and require Bcl-xL for their survival, providing a compelling antitumor metabolic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogev Sela
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Shivahamy Maheswaran
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Robert Norgard
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Salina Yuan
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Maimon Hubbi
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Miriam Doepner
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Jimmy P. Xu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Elaine Ho
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Measaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Colin Sheehan
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Grace Croley
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Systems and Computational Biology Center and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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Enkhnaran B, Zhang GC, Zhang NP, Liu HN, Wu H, Xuan S, Yu XN, Song GQ, Shen XZ, Zhu JM, Liu XP, Liu TT. microRNA-106b-5p Promotes Cell Growth and Sensitizes Chemosensitivity to Sorafenib by Targeting the BTG3/Bcl-xL/p27 Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1971559. [PMID: 35342408 PMCID: PMC8947873 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1971559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) and miRNA-mediated regulatory networks are promising candidates in the prevention and treatment of cancer, but the role of specific miRNAs involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be elusive. Herein, we found that miR-106b-5p is upregulated in both HCC patients' tumor tissues and HCC cell lines. The miR-106b-5p expression level was positively correlated with α-fetoprotein (AFP), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and tumor size. Overexpression of miR-106b-5p promoted cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle G1/S transition, and tumor growth, while decreased miR-106b-5p expression had opposite effects. Mechanistic studies showed that B-cell translocation gene 3 (BTG3), a known antiproliferative protein, was a direct target of miR-106b-5p, whose expression level is inversely correlated with miR-106b-5p expression. Moreover, miR-106b-5p positively regulates cell proliferation in a BTG3-dependent manner, resulting in upregulation of Bcl-xL, cyclin E1, and CDK2, as well as downregulation of p27. More importantly, we also demonstrated that miR-106b-5p enhances the resistance to sorafenib treatment in a BTG3-dependent manner. The in vivo findings showed that mice treated with a miR-106b-5p sponge presented a smaller tumor burden than controls, while the mice injected cells treated with miR-106b-5p had more considerable tumor burden than controls. Altogether, these data suggest that miR-106b-5p promotes cell proliferation and cell cycle and increases HCC cells' resistance to sorafenib through the BTG3/Bcl-xL/p27 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilegsaikhan Enkhnaran
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Ning Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang-Qi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College of, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Yuan LQ, Zhang T, Xu L, Han H, Liu SH. miR-30c-5p inhibits glioma proliferation and invasion via targeting Bcl2. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:337-348. [PMID: 35116264 PMCID: PMC8798180 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-19-2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioma is a highly malignant brain tumor, characterized by the poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. Previous studies have confirmed that miRNA-30c-5p is closely associated with tumor cell biological properties. The present study explored the biological role of miR-30c-5p in human glioma malignant behavior and underlying mechanisms. Methods Levels of miR-30c-5p were detected in glioma tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Two glioma cell lines including U87 and U251 were transfected with miR-30c-5p mimic or inhibitors. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis and invasive potential of glioma cells were assessed by flow cytometry and transwell assays, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the target gene of miR-30c-5p. Results Levels of miR-30c-5p were dramatically decreased in glioma tissues as compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Upregulation of miR-30c-5p significantly suppressed cell growth and colony formation, and induced apoptosis in glioma cells. In contrast, inhibition of miR-30c-5p promoted the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in tumor cells. Furthermore, miR-30c-5p strongly suppresses the invasion of glioma cells. Western blot showed that Bcl-2 was significantly decreased following treatment with miR-30c-5p mimics and increased after miR-30c-5p inhibitor treatment. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays indicated that transfection of miR-30c-5p led to a marked reduction of luciferase activity, but had no effect on Bcl-2 3'-UTR mutated fragment. Mechanically, miR-30c-5p promoted the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in glioma cells. Furthermore, miR-30c-5p promoted apoptosis and inhibited colony formation and migration, and knockdown of Bcl2 further increased the number of apoptotic cells and suppressed colony formation and migration of glioma cells. By contrast, miR-30c-5p inhibitors decreased apoptosis and increased colony formation and migration, and restored Bcl2 expression further suppressed glioma cell apoptosis and enhanced colony formation and migration. Conclusions These results demonstrated that miR-30c-5p regulated growth, apoptosis and migration in glioma cells by targeting Bcl2, suggesting that miR-30c-5p might serve as a novel target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Yuan
- Neurosurgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Neurosurgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Han
- Neurosurgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shi-Hai Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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9
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Mebratu YA, Imani J, Jones JT, Tesfaigzi Y. Casein kinase II activates Bik to induce death of hyperplastic mucous cells in a cell cycle-dependent manner. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:1561-1572. [PMID: 34741311 PMCID: PMC8866207 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Extensive inflammation causes epithelial cell hyperplasia in the airways and Bcl-2-interacting killer (Bik) reduces epithelial cell and mucous cell hyperplasia without affecting resting cells to restore homeostasis. These observations suggest that Bik induces apoptosis in a cell cycle-specific manner, but the mechanisms are not understood. Mice were exposed to an allergen for 3, 14, or 30 days and Bik expression was induced in airway epithelia of transgenic mice. Bik reduced epithelial and mucous cell hyperplasia when mice were exposed to an allergen for 3 or 14 days, but not when exposure lasted for 30 days, and Ki67-positivity was reduced. In culture, Bik expression killed proliferating cells but not quiescent cells. To capture the stage of the cell cycle when Bik induces cell death, airway cells that express fluorescent ubiquitin cell cycle indicators were generated that fluoresce red or green during the G0/G1 and S/G2/M phases of the cells cycle, respectively. Regardless of the cell cycle stage, Bik expression eliminated green-fluorescent cells. Also, Bik, when tagged with a blue-fluorescent protein, was only detected in green cells. Bik phosphorylation mutants at threonine 33 or serine 35 demonstrated that phosphorylation activated Bik to induce death even in quiescent cells. Immunoprecipitation and proteomic approaches identified casein kinase IIα to be responsible for phosphorylating and activating Bik to kill cells in S/G2/M. As casein kinase 2 alpha (CKIIα) is expressed only during the G2/M phase, we conclude that Bik activation in airway epithelial cells selectively targets hyperplastic epithelial cells, while leaving resting airway cells unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes A. Mebratu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jewel Imani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane T. Jones
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Sohrabi M, Bikhof Torbati M, Lutz M, Meghdadi S, Farrokhpour H, Amiri A, Amirnasr M. Application of cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes as therapeutic agents in biomedical and luminescent cellular imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Yin SJ, Qian GY, Yang JM, Lee J, Park YD. Detection of melanogenesis- and anti-apoptosis-associated melanoma factors: Array CGH and PPI mapping integrating study. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1408-1424. [PMID: 34749602 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666211105112927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated melanogenesis- and anti-apoptosis-related melanoma factors in melanoma cells (TXM1, TXM18, A375P, and A375SM). OBJECTIVE To find melanoma associated hub factor, high-throughput screening-based techniques integrating with bioinformatics were investigated. METHODS Array CGH analysis was conducted with a commercial system. Total genomic DNAs prepared individually from each cell line with control DNA were properly labeled with Cy3-dCTP and Cy5-dCTP and hybridizations and subsequently performed data treatment by the log2 green (G; test) to red (R; reference) fluorescence ratios (G/R). Gain or loss of copy number was judged by spots with log2-transformed ratios. PPI mapping analysis of detected candidate genes based on the array CGH results was conducted using the human interactome in the STRING database. Energy minimization and a short molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using the implicit solvation model in CHARMM were performed to analyze the interacting residues between YWHAZ and YWHAB. RESULTS Three genes (BMP-4, BFGF, LEF-1) known to be involved in melanogenesis were found to lose chromosomal copy numbers, and Chr. 6q23.3 was lost in all tested cell lines. Ten hub genes (CTNNB1, PEX13, PEX14, PEX5, IFNG, EXOSC3, EXOSC1, EXOSC8, UBC, and PEX10) were predicted to be functional interaction factors in the network of the 6q23.3 locus. The apoptosis-associated genes E2F1, p50, BCL2L1, and BIRC7 gained, and FGF2 lost chromosomal copy numbers in the tested melanoma cell lines. YWHAB, which gained chromosomal copy numbers, was predicted to be the most important hub protein in melanoma cells. Molecular dynamics simulations for binding YWHAB and YWHAZ were conducted, and the complex was predicted to be energetically and structurally stable through its 3 hydrogen-bond patterns. The number of interacting residues is 27. CONCLUSION Our study compares genome-wide screening interactomics predictions for melanoma factors and offers new information for understanding melanogenesis- and anti-apoptosis-associated mechanisms in melanoma. Especially, YWHAB was newly detected as a core factor in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100. China
| | - Guo-Ying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100. China
| | - Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710. Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141. Korea
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100. China
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12
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Luo Y, Wu Y, Huang H, Yi N, Chen Y. Emerging role of BAD and DAD1 as potential targets and biomarkers in cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:811. [PMID: 34671425 PMCID: PMC8503815 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As key regulators of apoptosis, BAD and defender against apoptotic cell death 1 (DAD1) are associated with cancer initiation and progression. Multiple studies have demonstrated that BAD and DAD1 serve critical roles in several types of cancer and perform various functions, such as participating in cellular apoptosis, invasion and chemosensitivity, as well as their role in diagnostic/prognostic judgement, etc. Investigating the detailed mechanisms of the cancerous effects of the two proteins will contribute to enriching the options for targeted therapy, and may improve clinical treatment of cancer. The present review summarizes research advances regarding the associations of BAD and DAD1 with cancer, and a hypothesis on the feasible relationship and interaction mechanism between the two proteins is proposed. Furthermore, the present review highlights the potential of the two proteins as therapeutic targets and valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulou Luo
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - You Wu
- Nursing College, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Huang
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Na Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
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13
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DU X, Xiao J, Fu X, Xu B, Han H, Wang Y, Pei X. A proteomic analysis of Bcl-2 regulation of cell cycle arrest: insight into the mechanisms. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:839-855. [PMID: 34636187 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is an important antiapoptotic gene that plays a dual role in the maintenance of the dynamic balance between the survival and death of cancer cells. In our previous study, Bcl-2 was shown to delay the G0/G1 to S phase entry by regulating the mitochondrial metabolic pathways to produce lower levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms or pathways by which Bcl-2 regulates the cell cycle remain unknown. Here, we compared the effects of Bcl-2 overexpression with an empty vector control in the NIH3T3 cell line synchronized by serum starvation, and evaluated the effects using proteomic analysis. The effect of Bcl-2 on cell cycle regulation was detected by monitoring Bcl-2 and p27 expression. The result of subsequent proteomic analysis of Bcl-2 overexpressing cells identified 169 upregulated and 120 downregulated proteins with a 1.5-fold change. These differentially expressed proteins were enriched in a number of signaling pathways predominantly involving the ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation, according to the data of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. These results indicated that Bcl-2 potentially acts at the translation level to influence proteins or enzymes of the respiratory chain or in the ribosome, and thereby regulates the cell cycle. Additionally, differentially expressed proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation were determined to account for most of the effects of Bcl-2 on the cell cycle mediated by the mitochondrial pathway investigated in our previous study. These results can provide assistance for additional in-depth studies on the regulation of the cell cycle by Bcl-2. The results of the proteomic analysis determined the mechanism of Bcl-2-dependent delay of the cell cycle progression. In summary, the results of this study provide a novel mechanistic basis for identifying the key proteins or pathways for designing and developing precisely targeted cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing DU
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jingjing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hang Han
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. .,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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14
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Stress Relief Techniques: p38 MAPK Determines the Balance of Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101444. [PMID: 34680077 PMCID: PMC8533283 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein signaling networks are formed from diverse and inter-connected cell signaling pathways converging into webs of function and regulation. These signaling pathways both receive and conduct molecular messages, often by a series of post-translation modifications such as phosphorylation or through protein-protein interactions via intrinsic motifs. The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of kinase cascades that transmit signals through phosphorylation. There are several MAPK subfamilies, and one subfamily is the stress-activated protein kinases, which in mammals is the p38 family. The p38 enzymes mediate a variety of cellular outcomes including DNA repair, cell survival/cell fate decisions, and cell cycle arrest. The cell cycle is itself a signaling system that precisely controls DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cellular division. Another indispensable cell function influenced by the p38 stress response is programmed cell death (apoptosis). As the regulators of cell survival, the BCL2 family of proteins and their dynamics are exquisitely sensitive to cell stress. The BCL2 family forms a protein-protein interaction network divided into anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members, and the balance of binding between these two sides determines cell survival. Here, we discuss the intersections among the p38 MAPK, cell cycle, and apoptosis signaling pathways.
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15
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BH3 Mimetics in Hematologic Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810157. [PMID: 34576319 PMCID: PMC8466478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HM) comprise diverse cancers of lymphoid and myeloid origin, including lymphomas (approx. 40%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, approx. 15%), multiple myeloma (MM, approx. 15%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML, approx. 10%), and many other diseases. Despite considerable improvement in treatment options and survival parameters in the new millennium, many patients with HM still develop chemotherapy-refractory diseases and require re-treatment. Because frontline therapies for the majority of HM (except for CLL) are still largely based on classical cytostatics, the relapses are often associated with defects in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways and anti-apoptotic blocks exemplified, respectively, by mutations or deletion of the TP53 tumor suppressor, and overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family. BCL2 homology 3 (BH3) mimetics represent a novel class of pro-apoptotic anti-cancer agents with a unique mode of action—direct targeting of mitochondria independently of TP53 gene aberrations. Consequently, BH3 mimetics can effectively eliminate even non-dividing malignant cells with adverse molecular cytogenetic alterations. Venetoclax, the nanomolar inhibitor of BCL2 anti-apoptotic protein has been approved for the therapy of CLL and AML. Numerous venetoclax-based combinatorial treatment regimens, next-generation BCL2 inhibitors, and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) protein inhibitors, which are another class of BH3 mimetics with promising preclinical results, are currently being tested in several clinical trials in patients with diverse HM. These pivotal trials will soon answer critical questions and concerns about these innovative agents regarding not only their anti-tumor efficacy but also potential side effects, recommended dosages, and the optimal length of therapy as well as identification of reliable biomarkers of sensitivity or resistance. Effective harnessing of the full therapeutic potential of BH3 mimetics is a critical mission as it may directly translate into better management of the aggressive forms of HM and could lead to significantly improved survival parameters and quality of life in patients with urgent medical needs.
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16
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Widden H, Placzek WJ. The multiple mechanisms of MCL1 in the regulation of cell fate. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1029. [PMID: 34475520 PMCID: PMC8413315 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MCL1 (myeloid cell leukemia-1) is a widely recognized pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma protein 2) family and a promising target for cancer therapy. While the role MCL1 plays in apoptosis is well defined, its participation in emerging non-apoptotic signaling pathways is only beginning to be appreciated. Here, we synthesize studies characterizing MCL1s influence on cell proliferation, DNA damage response, autophagy, calcium handling, and mitochondrial quality control to highlight the broader scope that MCL1 plays in cellular homeostasis regulation. Throughout this review, we discuss which pathways are likely to be impacted by emerging MCL1 inhibitors, as well as highlight non-cancerous disease states that could deploy Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-mimetics in the future. In this review Widden and Placzek synthesize studies characterizing the influence that myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1) has on cell proliferation, DNA damage response, autophagy, calcium handling, and mitochondrial quality control to highlight the broader scope that it plays in cellular homeostasis regulation. They discuss which pathways are likely to be impacted by emerging MCL1 inhibitors, as well as highlight non-cancerous disease states that could deploy BH3-mimetics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Widden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William J Placzek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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17
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He H, Qiao B, Guo S, Cui H, Li N, Liu H, Qin J, He J, Yang X, Xue W, Wang Y. Induction of T helper 17 cell response by interleukin-7 in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:328-337. [PMID: 34054059 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 plays a vital role in proliferation and activation of T cells, however, its signaling through CD127 is impaired in T cells in cancers and chronic infections. The mechanisms underlying T helper 17 (Th17) cell responses by IL-7 in melanoma remain not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of IL-7 signaling on Th17 responses in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. Healthy and primary cutaneous melanoma donors were selected for this study of Th17 cell function. IL-17+CD4+ Th17 cells and CD127 expression on Th17 cells were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine level was measured by ELISA. Peripheral and tissue-infiltrating CD4+ T cells were isolated using magnetic beads, and then stimulated with IL-7 and/or signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 inhibitor. Activated signaling molecules were analyzed by flow cytometry. Peripheral and tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells percentage was decreased, while peripheral IL-7 level was also reduced in melanoma patients. There was no significant difference of CD127 expression on Th17 cells between melanoma patients and controls. Antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was downregulated, whereas proapoptotic protein-activated caspase-3 was upregulated in peripheral and tissue-infiltrating Th17 cells in melanoma patients. Higher concentration of IL-7 (10 ng/mL), but not lower IL-7 concentration (1 ng/mL), promoted Bcl-2 expression and decreased caspase-3 expression in Th17 cells in melanoma patients. Inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 resulted in the downregulation of Bcl-2 while upregulation of caspase-3 in Th17 cells. The present data suggested that reduced IL-7 responsiveness might be insufficient for Th17 activation in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ning Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
| | | | - Junxia Qin
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
| | - Jinghong He
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
| | | | | | - Yanzhen Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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18
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Li M, Liu S, Huang W, Zhang J. Physiological and pathological functions of βB2-crystallins in multiple organs: a systematic review. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15674-15687. [PMID: 34118792 PMCID: PMC8221336 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crystallins, the major constituent proteins of mammalian lenses, are significant not only for the maintenance of eye lens stability, transparency, and refraction, but also fulfill various physiopathological functions in extraocular tissues. βB2-crystallin, for example, is a multifunctional protein expressed in the human retina, brain, testis, ovary, and multiple tumors. Mutations in the βB2 crystallin gene or denaturation of βB2-crystallin protein are associated with cataracts, ocular pathologies, and psychiatric disorders. A prominent role for βB2-crystallins in axonal growth and regeneration, as well as in dendritic outgrowth, has been demonstrated after optic nerve injury. Studies in βB2-crystallin-null mice revealed morphological and functional abnormalities in testis and ovaries, indicating βB2-crystallin contributes to male and female fertility in mice. Interestingly, although pathogenic significance remains obscure, several studies identified a clear correlation between βB2 crystallin expression and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and glioblastoma in the African American population. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological functions of βB2-crystallin in the eye and other organs and tissues and discusses findings related to the expression and potential role of βB2-crystallin in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
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Díaz-Carballo D, Saka S, Acikelli AH, Homp E, Erwes J, Demmig R, Klein J, Schröer K, Malak S, D'Souza F, Noa-Bolaño A, Menze S, Pano E, Andrioff S, Teipel M, Dammann P, Klein D, Nasreen A, Tannapfel A, Grandi N, Tramontano E, Ochsenfarth C, Strumberg D. Enhanced antitumoral activity of TLR7 agonists via activation of human endogenous retroviruses by HDAC inhibitors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:276. [PMID: 33658617 PMCID: PMC7930250 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we are reporting that "Shock and Kill", a therapeutic approach designed to eliminate latent HIV from cell reservoirs, is extrapolatable to cancer therapy. This is based on the observation that malignant cells express a spectrum of human endogenous retroviral elements (HERVs) which can be transcriptionally boosted by HDAC inhibitors. The endoretroviral gene HERV-V2 codes for an envelope protein, which resembles syncytins. It is significantly overexpressed upon exposure to HDAC inhibitors and can be effectively targeted by simultaneous application of TLR7/8 agonists, triggering intrinsic apoptosis. We demonstrated that this synergistic cytotoxic effect was accompanied by the functional disruption of the TLR7/8-NFκB, Akt/PKB, and Ras-MEK-ERK signalling pathways. CRISPR/Cas9 ablation of TLR7 and HERV-V1/V2 curtailed apoptosis significantly, proving the pivotal role of these elements in driving cell death. The effectiveness of this new approach was confirmed in ovarian tumour xenograft studies, revealing a promising avenue for future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz-Carballo
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany.
| | - Sahitya Saka
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Ali H Acikelli
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Homp
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Julia Erwes
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Demmig
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Klein
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröer
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Sascha Malak
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Flevy D'Souza
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Adrien Noa-Bolaño
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Saskia Menze
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Emilio Pano
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Swetlana Andrioff
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Marc Teipel
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Philip Dammann
- Central Animal Laboratory, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology, Cancer Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Amber Nasreen
- Visceral Surgery Department, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum Medical School, Herne, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Grandi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Crista Ochsenfarth
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum Medical School, Herne, Germany
| | - Dirk Strumberg
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
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Krawczynski K, Ouyang Y, Mouillet JF, Chu T, Coyne CB, Sadovsky Y. Unc-13 homolog D mediates an antiviral effect of the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster miR-517a. J Cell Sci 2020; 134:jcs246769. [PMID: 33093239 PMCID: PMC7687871 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) can be cell autonomous or communicated to other cell types and has been implicated in diverse biological processes. We previously demonstrated that miR-517a-3p (miR-517a), a highly expressed member of the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) that is transcribed almost exclusively in human trophoblasts, attenuates viral replication via induction of autophagy in non-trophoblastic recipient cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Here, we identified unc-13 homolog D (UNC13D) as a direct, autophagy-related gene target of miR-517a, leading to repression of UNC13D. In line with the antiviral activity of miR-517a, silencing UNC13D suppressed replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), whereas overexpression of UNC13D increased VSV levels, suggesting a role for UNC13D silencing in the antiviral activity of miR-517a. We also found that miR-517a activated NF-κB signaling in HEK-293XL cells expressing TLR8, but the effect was not specific to C19MC miRNA. Taken together, our results define mechanistic pathways that link C19MC miRNA with inhibition of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Krawczynski
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Mouillet
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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21
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Liu MM, Ma RH, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Cespedes-Acuña CL, Jiang L, Wei ZJ. Apigenin 7-O-glucoside promotes cell apoptosis through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibits cell migration in cervical cancer HeLa cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111843. [PMID: 33152472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence promote the inclusion of flavones in diet due to their inhibitory effects on certain types of cancers, particularly in women. Among the naturally occurring plant flavonoids, Apigenin 7-O-glucoside (AGL) is endowed with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer activities. However, its mechanism of action on cervical cancer, the fourth largest cancer in women, has not yet been clarified. In the current study, we have determined the effect of AGL on human cervical cancer cells and studied its molecular mechanism against cervical cancer. The results showed that AGL inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells (IC50 was 47.26 μM at 48 h) by inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, AGL treatment caused G0/G1 phase arrest, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and upgraded intracellular ROS production. AGL could promote the release of cytochrome c by regulating Bcl-2 family proteins, and then activated caspase 9/3 to promote cell apoptosis. Moreover, AGL treatment promoted the expression of p16 INK4A, while inhibited the expression of Cyclin A/D/E and CDK2/6. At the same time in HeLa cells treated with AGL, the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, and cell migration was also impeded correspondingly through the matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9. Our study may provide a new research direction for harnessing the novel natural compounds in cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Run-Hui Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Li Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Patil AA, Bhor SA, Rhee WJ. Cell death in culture: Molecular mechanisms, detections, and inhibition strategies. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Boratyn E, Nowak I, Karnas E, Ryszawy D, Wnuk D, Polus A, Durbas M, Horwacik I, Rokita H. MCPIP1 overexpression in human neuroblastoma cell lines causes cell‐cycle arrest by G1/S checkpoint block. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3406-3425. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Boratyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and BiotechnologyJagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Iwona Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and BiotechnologyJagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Elżbieta Karnas
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biotechnology, Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian University Kraków Poland
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and BiotechnologyJagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Damian Ryszawy
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and BiotechnologyJagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and BiotechnologyJagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Anna Polus
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical CollegeJagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Małgorzata Durbas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and BiotechnologyJagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Irena Horwacik
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and BiotechnologyJagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Hanna Rokita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and BiotechnologyJagiellonian University Kraków Poland
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24
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Klose AM, Klier M, Gorressen S, Elvers M. Enhanced Integrin Activation of PLD2-Deficient Platelets Accelerates Inflammation after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093210. [PMID: 32370031 PMCID: PMC7247352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phospholipase (PL)D1 is crucial for integrin αIIbβ3 activation of platelets in arterial thrombosis and TNF-α-mediated inflammation and TGF-β-mediated collagen scar formation after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Enzymatic activity of PLD is not responsible for PLD-mediated TNF-α signaling and myocardial healing. The impact of PLD2 in ischemia reperfusion injury is unknown. Methods: PLD2-deficient mice underwent myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Results: Enhanced integrin αIIbβ3 activation of platelets resulted in elevated interleukin (IL)-6 release from endothelial cells in vitro and enhanced IL-6 plasma levels after MI in PLD2-deficient mice. This was accompanied by enhanced migration of inflammatory cells into the infarct border zone and reduced TGF-β plasma levels after 72 h that might account for enhanced inflammation in PLD2-deficient mice. In contrast to PLD1, TNF-α signaling, infarct size and cardiac function 24 h after I/R were not altered when PLD2 was deleted. Furthermore, TGF-β plasma levels, scar formation and heart function were comparable between PLD2-deficient and control mice 21 days post MI. Conclusions: The present study contributes to our understanding about the role of PLD isoforms and altered platelet signaling in the process of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Maria Klose
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Meike Klier
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Simone Gorressen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.M.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Lim JY, Kang EH, Park YH, Kook JH, Park HM. Survival factor SvfA plays multiple roles in differentiation and is essential for completion of sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5586. [PMID: 32221392 PMCID: PMC7101369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The first member of the velvet family of proteins, VeA, regulates sexual development and secondary metabolism in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In our study, through comparative proteome analysis using wild type and veA-deletion strains, new putative regulators of sexual development were identified and functionally analyzed. Among these, SvfA, containing a yeast survival factor 1 domain, plays multiple roles in the growth and differentiation of A. nidulans. Deletion of the svfA gene resulted in increased sensitivity to oxidative and cold stress as in yeast. The svfA-deletion strain showed an increase in bi-polar germination and a decrease in radial growth rate. The deletion strain formed structurally abnormal conidiophores and thus produced lower amounts of conidiospores during asexual development. The svfA-deletion strain produced few Hülle cells and small cleistothecia with no ascospores, indicating the requirement of svfA for the completion of sexual development. Transcription and genetic analyses indicated that SvfA modulates the expression of key development regulatory genes. Western blot analysis revealed two forms of SvfA. The larger form showed sexual-specific and VeA-dependent production. Also, the deletion of svfA caused decreased ST (sterigmatocystin) production. We propose that SvfA is a novel central regulator of growth, differentiation and secondary metabolism in A. nidulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeon Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Park
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Kook
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hee-Moon Park
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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26
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Whitaker RH, Placzek WJ. MCL1 binding to the reverse BH3 motif of P18INK4C couples cell survival to cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:156. [PMID: 32111816 PMCID: PMC7048787 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Commitment to cell cycle entry and cellular duplication is a tightly coordinated and regulated process. Once initiated, a series of multiple checkpoints ensure both accurate genomic replication and chromosomal separation. In the event of unsuccessful cell division, parallel pathways exist that induce the cell to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis. At the center of such stress-induced, intrinsic apoptotic regulation lies the BCL2 family of pro- and anti-apoptotic regulatory proteins. In a proliferative state the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling proteins would be expected to favor an excess population of anti-apoptotic members. While the anti-apoptotic BCL2 family member, MCL1, has been identified to oversee mitotic progression, direct communication between the BCL2 family and cell proliferation has not been observed. In this study, we demonstrate a direct protein–protein interaction between MCL1 and the G1/S checkpoint protein, P18INK4C. This interaction is mediated by a reverse BH3 (rBH3) motif located in P18INK4C’s C-terminal ankyrin repeat. MCL1 is further shown to decrease P18INK4C expression and thereby regulate cell cycle entry in a retinoblastoma (RB1)-dependent manner. Our findings establish a mechanism for translation independent and direct communication between the BCL2 family regulation of apoptosis and CDK4/6-RB regulation of early G1/S transition during cellular division/growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Whitaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William J Placzek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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27
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Somfai T, Nguyen HT, Nguyen MT, Dang-Nguyen TQ, Kaneko H, Noguchi J, Kikuchi K. Vitrification of porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes at the germinal vesicle stage does not trigger apoptosis in oocytes and early embryos, but activates anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL gene expression beyond the 4-cell stage. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:115-123. [PMID: 31983718 PMCID: PMC7175390 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to clarify whether or not our vitrification procedure at the germinal vesicle (GV)-stage triggers the apoptotic cascade in oocytes and subsequent embryos.
Immature porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes were either vitrified and warmed (vitrified group) or subjected to cryoprotectant agents (CPA group) or cultured without any treatment (control).
Oocytes of all treatment groups were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization, and embryo culture. Apoptosis was assayed in live oocytes at the end of IVM
culture and in cleavage-stage embryos after in vitro fertilization (IVF). We detected similar frequencies of DNA fragmentation, levels of caspase activity,
phosphatidylserine externalization, and mRNA levels for pro-apoptotic Bax and CASP3 genes in oocytes at the end of IVM and in early embryos among all
groups. However, in the vitrified group, the anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL gene was upregulated in 4–8 cell embryos, which caused an 8-fold significant increase in the
Bcl-XL/Bax mRNA ratio compared with the control and CPA groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, vitrification of porcine oocytes at the GV stage by our
method did not trigger the apoptotic cascade in oocytes and subsequent embryos but triggered the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL gene in embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Somfai
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Hiep Thi Nguyen
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Men Thi Nguyen
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Thanh Quang Dang-Nguyen
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaneko
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Junko Noguchi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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28
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Hüsemann LC, Reese A, Radine C, Piekorz RP, Budach W, Sohn D, Jänicke RU. The microtubule targeting agents eribulin and paclitaxel activate similar signaling pathways and induce cell death predominantly in a caspase-independent manner. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:464-478. [PMID: 31959066 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1716144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are the most effective chemotherapeutics used in cancer therapy to date, but their clinical use is often hampered by the acquisition of resistance. Thereby, elucidation of the molecular signaling pathways activated by novel FDA-approved MTAs such as eribulin is important for future therapeutic applications. In contrast to several reports, we show here that regardless of the presence of caspase-3, clinically relevant concentrations of eribulin and the classical MTA paclitaxel predominantly induce caspase-independent cell death in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. On the molecular level, several key proteins involved in apoptosis such as p53, Plk1, caspase-2, and Bim as well as the two MAPKs ERK and JNK were activated by both compounds to a similar extent. However, none of them proved to be important for eribulin- and paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity, as their siRNA-mediated knockdown or inactivation by small molecule inhibitors did not alter cell death rates. In contrast, knockdown of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, which becomes heavily phosphorylated at Ser70 during MTA treatment, resulted surprisingly in a reduction of MTA-mediated cell death. This phenomenon can be most likely explained by our observation that the absence of Bcl-2 slowed down cell cycle progression resulting in fewer cells entering mitosis, thereby delaying the mitotic capability of these MTAs to induce cell death. Taken together, although eribulin and paclitaxel disturb the mitotic spindle differently, they exhibit no functional differences in downstream molecular cell death signaling in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Hüsemann
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Synthetic Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alina Reese
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Radine
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Budach
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reiner U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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29
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BAD sensitizes breast cancer cells to docetaxel with increased mitotic arrest and necroptosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:355. [PMID: 31942016 PMCID: PMC6962214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients are commonly treated with taxane (e.g. docetaxel) chemotherapy, despite poor outcomes and eventual disease relapse. We previously identified the Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) as a prognostic indicator of good outcome in taxane-treated breast cancer patients. We also demonstrated that BAD expression in human breast carcinoma cells generated larger tumors in mouse xenograft models. These paradoxical results suggest that BAD-expressing tumors are differentially sensitive to taxane treatment. We validated this here and show that docetaxel therapy preferentially reduced growth of BAD-expressing xenograft tumors. We next explored the cellular mechanism whereby BAD sensitizes cells to docetaxel. Taxanes are microtubule inhibiting agents that cause cell cycle arrest in mitosis whereupon the cells either die in mitosis or aberrantly exit (mitotic slippage) and survive as polyploid cells. In response to docetaxel, BAD-expressing cells had lengthened mitotic arrest with a higher proportion of cells undergoing death in mitosis with decreased mitotic slippage. Death in mitosis was non-apoptotic and not dependent on Bcl-XL interaction or caspase activation. Instead, cell death was necroptotic, and dependent on ROS. These results suggest that BAD is prognostic for favourable outcome in response to taxane chemotherapy by enhancing necroptotic cell death and inhibiting the production of potentially chemoresistant polyploid cells.
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30
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Rossetti ML, Esser KA, Lee C, Tomko RJ, Eroshkin AM, Gordon BS. Disruptions to the limb muscle core molecular clock coincide with changes in mitochondrial quality control following androgen depletion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E631-E645. [PMID: 31361545 PMCID: PMC6842919 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00177.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgen depletion in humans leads to significant atrophy of the limb muscles. However, the pathways by which androgens regulate limb muscle mass are unclear. Our laboratory previously showed that mitochondrial degradation was related to the induction of autophagy and the degree of muscle atrophy following androgen depletion, implying that decreased mitochondrial quality contributes to muscle atrophy. To increase our understanding of androgen-sensitive pathways regulating decreased mitochondrial quality, total RNA from the tibialis anterior of sham and castrated mice was subjected to microarray analysis. Using this unbiased approach, we identified significant changes in the expression of genes that compose the core molecular clock. To assess the extent to which androgen depletion altered the limb muscle clock, the tibialis anterior muscles from sham and castrated mice were harvested every 4 h throughout a diurnal cycle. The circadian expression patterns of various core clock genes and known clock-controlled genes were disrupted by castration, with most genes exhibiting an overall reduction in phase amplitude. Given that the core clock regulates mitochondrial quality, disruption of the clock coincided with changes in the expression of genes involved with mitochondrial quality control, suggesting a novel mechanism by which androgens may regulate mitochondrial quality. These events coincided with an overall increase in mitochondrial degradation in the muscle of castrated mice and an increase in markers of global autophagy-mediated protein breakdown. In all, these data are consistent with a novel conceptual model linking androgen depletion-induced limb muscle atrophy to reduced mitochondrial quality control via disruption of the molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Rossetti
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Choogon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Robert J Tomko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Alexey M Eroshkin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
- Rancho BioSciences, San Diego, California
| | - Bradley S Gordon
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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31
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PRPF4 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer by influencing growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of breast cancer cells via p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 47:101440. [PMID: 31445970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pre-mRNA processing factor 4 (PRPF4), a core protein in U4/U6 snRNP, maintains snRNP structures by interacting with PRPF3 and cyclophilin H. Expression of the PRPF4 gene affects cell survival as well as apoptosis and is responsible for retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Proteomics analysis shows that PRPF4 may be a therapeutic target in human cancers. Nevertheless, the exact function and role of the PRPF4 gene are unclear. In this study, we assessed the expression of PRPF4 gene in human breast cancer cells. First, we confirmed that the PRPF4 gene was overexpressed in various breast cancer cell lines. Next, using breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-468, we established stable cell lines with PRPF4 gene knockdown. We also performed microarray analysis to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying PRPF4 activity. All cell lines with PRPF4 gene knockdown exhibited reduced cell proliferation, remarkable reduction in anchorage-independent colony formation capacity, and reduction of PCNA protein, which is a marker cell of proliferation. Reduced expression of the PRPF4 gene induced apoptosis and changes in the expression of associated apoptotic markers in breast cancer cell lines. Knockdown of the PRPF4 gene reduced cellular capacity for migration and invasion (the key hallmarks of human cancers) and decreased the expression of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Microarray results showed that the expression of PPIP5K1, PPIPK2, and YWHAE genes was reduced at the transcriptional level, leading to reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. These findings suggest that knockdown of PRPF4 gene slows down breast cancer progression via suppression of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In conclusion, the PRPF4 gene plays an important role in the growth of breast cancer cells and is therefore a potential therapeutic target.
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32
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Antitumor activity of methyl (Z)-2-(isothioureidomethyl)-2-pentenoate hydrobromide against leukemia cell lines via mitotic arrest and apoptotic pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1332-1342. [PMID: 31170497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, we described a series of 28 aryl- and alkyl-substituted isothiouronium salts with antitumor activity and selectivity toward a leukemia cell line. Among the synthesized compounds, methyl (Z)-2-(isothioureidomethyl)-2-pentenoate hydrobromide (IS-MF08) showed conspicuous activity. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of action of IS-MF08. Our results showed that its mechanism most likely is related with the membrane receptor Fas and subsequent activation of the extrinsic cell death pathway, triggered by a decrease in the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and caspase-8 and -3 cascade activation, causing DNA damage and mitotic arrest. IS-MF08 also caused an increase in intracellular ROS, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, resulting in organelle degradation as an attempt to reestablish cell homeostasis. Furthermore, cells exposed to IS-MF08 combined to an autophagy inhibitor were less susceptible to compound's cytotoxicity, suggesting that autophagy makes part of its mechanism of action. These data support the hypothesis that IS-MF08 acts by the apoptosis extrinsic pathway and possibly by autophagy as mechanisms of cell death.
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Goswami MT, VanDenBerg KR, Han S, Wang LL, Singh B, Weiss T, Barlow M, Kamberov S, Wilder-Romans K, Rhodes DR, Feng FY, Tomlins SA. Identification of TP53RK-Binding Protein (TPRKB) Dependency in TP53-Deficient Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1652-1664. [PMID: 31110156 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor protein 53 (TP53; p53) is the most frequently altered gene in human cancer. Identification of vulnerabilities imposed by TP53 alterations may enable effective therapeutic approaches. Through analyzing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screening data, we identified TP53RK-Binding Protein (TPRKB), a poorly characterized member of the tRNA-modifying EKC/KEOPS complex, as the most significant vulnerability in TP53-mutated cancer cell lines. In vitro and in vivo, across multiple benign-immortalized and cancer cell lines, we confirmed that TPRKB knockdown in TP53-deficient cells significantly inhibited proliferation, with minimal effect in TP53 wild-type cells. TP53 reintroduction into TP53-null cells resulted in loss of TPRKB sensitivity, confirming the importance of TP53 status in this context. In addition, cell lines with mutant TP53 or amplified MDM2 (E3-ubiquitin ligase for TP53) also showed high sensitivity to TPRKB knockdown, consistent with TPRKB dependence in a wide array of TP53-altered cancers. Depletion of other EKC/KEOPS complex members exhibited TP53-independent effects, supporting complex-independent functions of TPRKB. Finally, we found that TP53 indirectly mediates TPRKB degradation, which was rescued by coexpression of PRPK, an interacting member of the EKC/KEOPS complex, or proteasome inhibition. Together, these results identify a unique and specific requirement of TPRKB in a variety of TP53-deficient cancers. IMPLICATIONS: Cancer cells with genomic alterations in TP53 are dependent on TPRKB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloy T Goswami
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelly R VanDenBerg
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sumin Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lei Lucy Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bhavneet Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Travis Weiss
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Myles Barlow
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven Kamberov
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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IL-7-induced proliferation of peripheral Th17 cells is impaired in HAART-controlled HIV infection. AIDS 2019; 33:985-991. [PMID: 30946152 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Th17 cells are key regulators of functional immunity in mucosal tissues, including the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), an important site of immune impairment in HIV infection. During HIV infection, Th17 cells are lost in large numbers from the GALT. Despite the recovery of peripheral CD4 T cells that accompanies suppression of viral replication with HAART, Th17 cells in GALT are not completely restored. IL-7 is essential for the survival and proliferation of T cells, but its signaling through its receptor IL-7Rα (CD127), is impaired in CD8 T cells and thymocytes during HIV infection. We set out to determine if decreased CD127 expression or impaired CD127 signaling may be the cause of Th17 impairment in HAART-controlled HIV infection. DESIGN Healthy and HIV donors on HAART were selected for this study of Th17 cell function in HIV. METHODS Peripheral CD4 T cells and Th17 cells were isolated using magnetic beads, then stimulated with IL-7. CD127 expression and the phosphorylation of signaling molecules was determined using flow cytometry. Proliferation was determined with a CFSE dilution assay. RESULTS CD127 was not decreased on Th17 cells from HAART-controlled HIV individuals, in fact, the percentage of Th17 cells that express CD127 was increased in treated HIV individuals. Furthermore, Th17 cells from HAART-controlled individuals, have normal IL-7-induced STAT5 and Bcl-2 responses, but vastly decreased proliferative responses. CONCLUSION This reduced IL-7 responsiveness may explain the lack of Th17 cell recovery and ongoing systemic immune activation that persists despite well treated HIV infection.
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Oxaliplatin Treatment Alters Systemic Immune Responses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4650695. [PMID: 30906773 PMCID: PMC6398049 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4650695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent demonstrating significant antitumor efficacy. Unlike conventional anticancer agents which are immunosuppressive, oxaliplatin has the capacity to stimulate immunological effects in response to the presentation of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) elicited upon cell death. However, the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on systemic immune responses remain largely unknown. Aims of this study were to investigate the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on the proportions of (1) splenic T cells, B cells, macrophages, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, gene expression of splenic cytokines, chemokines, and mediators; (2) double-positive and single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T thymocytes; (3) bone-marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Methods Male BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal injections of oxaliplatin (3mg/kg/d) or sterile water tri-weekly for 2 weeks. Leukocyte populations within the spleen, thymus, and bone-marrow were assessed using flow cytometry. RT-PCR was performed to characterise changes in splenic inflammation-associated genes. Results Oxaliplatin treatment reduced spleen size and cellularity (CD45+ cells), increased the proportion of CD4+, CD8+, and Treg cells, and elevated TNF-α expression. Oxaliplatin was selectively cytotoxic to B cells but had no effect on splenic macrophages. Oxaliplatin treatment altered the gene expression of several cytokines, chemokines, and cell mediators. Oxaliplatin did not deplete double-positive thymocytes but increased the single-positive CD8+ subset. There was also an increase in activated (CD69+) CD8+ T cells. Bone-marrow hematopoietic progenitor pool was demonstrably normal following oxaliplatin treatment when compared to the vehicle-treated cohort. Conclusion Oxaliplatin does not cause systemic immunosuppression and, instead, has the capacity to induce beneficial antitumor immune responses.
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Non-canonical BAD activity regulates breast cancer cell and tumor growth via 14-3-3 binding and mitochondrial metabolism. Oncogene 2019; 38:3325-3339. [PMID: 30635657 PMCID: PMC6756016 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Bcl-2-associated death promoter BAD is a prognostic indicator for good clinical outcome of breast cancer patients; however, whether BAD affects breast cancer biology is unknown. Here we showed that BAD increased cell growth in breast cancer cells through two distinct mechanisms. Phosphorylation of BAD at S118 increased S99 phosphorylation, 14-3-3 binding and AKT activation to promote growth and survival. Through a second, more prominent pathway, BAD stimulated mitochondrial oxygen consumption in a novel manner that was downstream of substrate entry into the mitochondria. BAD stimulated complex I activity that facilitated enhanced cell growth and sensitized cells to apoptosis in response to complex I blockade. We propose that this dependence on oxidative metabolism generated large but nonaggressive cancers. This model identifies a non-canonical role for BAD and reconciles BAD-mediated tumor growth with favorable outcomes in BAD-high breast cancer patients.
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Albayrak G, Korkmaz FD, Tozcu D, Dogan Turacli I. The outcomes of an impaired powerhouse in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma cells by Elesclomol. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10564-10571. [PMID: 30628735 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer stands out as the most common cancer type worldwide. The most common genetic alteration detected in adenocarcinoma patients is KRAS. KRAS mutated patients still cannot get benefit from precision medicine approaches and lack a targeted therapy. Elesclomol is an investigational agent for melanoma and other malignancies. In this study, we evaluated its effect on cellular apoptosis, survival, and metastasis mechanisms on KRAS mutant A549 and Calu-1 cell lines. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of Elesclomol on A549 and Calu-1 cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability test. Cells were treated with IC50 concentration and then apoptosis-related (Casp-3, Casp-9, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL), survival-related (Akt, p-Akt, Erk, and p-Erk), and metastasis-related (E-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP-2, and MMP-9) protein expressions were determined by Western blot analysis. Elesclomol's effect on cell migration was evaluated by wound healing. Total oxidant, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels after Elesclomol treatment were assessed. RESULTS Elesclomol not only induced apoptotic proteins but also inhibited metastatic protein expressions and migration in both cells. Also, p-Erk activity was diminished by Elesclomol treatment as a reflection of decreased proliferation. However, p-Akt was enhanced as a cellular survival mechanism. Although Elesclomol's effects on oxidative stress parameters were puzzling, it induced total oxidant status (TOS), and MDA in Calu-1 cells. CONCLUSION Elesclomol might provide an alternative treatment approach for patients with KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma and other solid tumor malignancies that harbor KRAS mutations. This would enable the development of biomarker-driven targeted therapy for KRAS mutant adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Albayrak
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Demirtas Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Tozcu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Dogan Turacli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
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Arachchige D, Holub JM. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Scyllatoxin-Based BH3 Domain Mimetics Containing Two Disulfide Linkages. Protein J 2018; 37:428-443. [PMID: 30128635 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) proteins are a family of evolutionarily related proteins that act as positive or negative regulators of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic BCL2 proteins in cells is associated with apoptotic resistance, which can result in cancerous phenotypes and pathogenic cell survival. Consequently, anti-apoptotic BCL2 proteins have attracted considerable interest as therapeutic targets. We recently reported the development of a novel class of synthetic protein based on scyllatoxin (ScTx) designed to mimic the helical BH3 interaction domain of the pro-apoptotic BCL2 protein Bax. These studies showed that the number and position of native disulfide linkages contained within the ScTx-Bax structure significantly influences the ability for these constructs to target anti-apoptotic BCL2 proteins in vitro. The goal of the present study is to investigate the contribution of two disulfide linkages in the folding and biological activity of ScTx-Bax proteins. Here, we report the full chemical synthesis of three ScTx-Bax sequence variants, each presenting two native disulfide linkages at different positions within the folded structure. It was observed that two disulfide linkages were sufficient to fold ScTx-Bax proteins into native-like architectures reminiscent of wild-type ScTx. Furthermore, we show that select (bis)disulfide ScTx-Bax variants can target Bcl-2 (proper) in vitro and that the position of the disulfide bonds significantly influences binding affinity. Despite exhibiting only modest binding to Bcl-2, the successful synthesis of ScTx-Bax proteins containing two disulfide linkages represents a viable route to ScTx-based BH3 domain mimetics that preserve native-like conformations. Finally, structural models of ScTx-Bax proteins in complex with Bcl-2 indicate that these helical mimetics bind in similar configurations as wild-type Bax BH3 domains. Taken together, these results suggest that ScTx-Bax proteins may serve as potent lead compounds that expand the repertoire of "druggable" protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushka Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Biochemistry Research Facility 108, 350 W. State St., Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Justin M Holub
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Biochemistry Research Facility 108, 350 W. State St., Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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Low cleaved caspase-7 levels indicate unfavourable outcome across all breast cancers. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:1025-1037. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yao K, Fu XF, Du X, Li Y, Yang SS, Yu M, Cui QH. PGC-1α coordinates with Bcl-2 to control the cell cycle in U251 cells through reducing ROS. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018. [DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Samosudova NV, Reutov VP. Ultrastructural Changes in the Frog Brain in the Presence of High Concentrations of Glutamate and an NO-Generating Compound. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Klauck PJ, Bagby SM, Capasso A, Bradshaw-Pierce EL, Selby HM, Spreafico A, Tentler JJ, Tan AC, Kim J, Arcaroli JJ, Purkey A, Messersmith WA, Kuida K, Gail Eckhardt S, Pitts TM. Antitumor activity of the polo-like kinase inhibitor, TAK-960, against preclinical models of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:136. [PMID: 29402316 PMCID: PMC5800287 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is a key regulator of multiple stages of mitotic progression. Plk1 is upregulated in many tumor types including colorectal cancer (CRC) and portends a poor prognosis. TAK-960 is an ATP-competitive Plk1 inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy across a broad range of cancer cell lines, including CRC. In this study, we investigated the activity of TAK-960 against a large collection of CRC models including 55 cell lines and 18 patient-derived xenografts. METHODS Fifty-five CRC cell lines and 18 PDX models were exposed to TAK-960 and evaluated for proliferation (IC50) and Tumor Growth Inhibition Index, respectively. Additionally, 2 KRAS wild type and 2 KRAS mutant PDX models were treated with TAK-960 as single agent or in combination with cetuximab or irinotecan. TAK-960 mechanism of action was elucidated through immunoblotting and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS CRC cell lines demonstrated a variable anti-proliferative response to TAK-960 with IC50 values ranging from 0.001 to > 0.75 μmol/L. Anti-proliferative effects were sustained after removal of drug. Following TAK-960 treatment a highly variable accumulation of mitotic (indicating cell cycle arrest) and apoptotic markers was observed. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that TAK-960 treatment induced G2/M arrest and polyploidy. Six out of the eighteen PDX models responded to single agent TAK-960 therapy (TGII< 20). The addition of TAK-960 to standard of care chemotherapy resulted in largely additive antitumor effects. CONCLUSION TAK-960 is an active anti-proliferative agent against CRC cell lines and PDX models. Collectively, these data suggest that TAK-960 may be of therapeutic benefit alone or in combination with other agents, although future work should focus on the development of predictive biomarkers and hypothesis-driven rational combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Klauck
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Stacey M. Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Anna Capasso
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Erica L. Bradshaw-Pierce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Takeda California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Heather M. Selby
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - John J. Tentler
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - John J. Arcaroli
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Alicia Purkey
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Wells A. Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Keisuke Kuida
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - S. Gail Eckhardt
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Todd M. Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
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Bad phosphorylation as a target of inhibition in oncology. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:177-186. [PMID: 29175460 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 agonist of cell death (BAD) is a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family which possesses important regulatory function in apoptosis. BAD has also been shown to possess many non-apoptotic functions closely linked to cancer including regulation of glycolysis, autophagy, cell cycle progression and immune system development. Interestingly, BAD can be either pro-apoptotic or pro-survival depending on the phosphorylation state of three specific serine residues (human S75, S99 and S118). Expression of BAD and BAD phosphorylation patterns have been shown to influence tumor initiation and progression and play a predictive role in disease prognosis, drug response and chemosensitivity in various cancers. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the functional role of BAD phosphorylation in human cancer and evaluate the potential utility of modulating BAD phosphorylation in cancer.
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Pedley R, Gilmore AP. Mitosis and mitochondrial priming for apoptosis. Biol Chem 2017; 397:595-605. [PMID: 27016149 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is a period of danger for cells, as inaccurate segregation of chromosomes can lead to loss of cell viability or aneuploidy. In order to protect against these dangers, cells ultimately initiate mitochondrial apoptosis if they are unable to correctly exit mitosis. A number of important chemotherapeutics exploit this response to delayed mitotic exit, but despite this, the molecular mechanism of the apoptotic timer in mitosis has proved elusive. Some recent studies have now shed light on this, showing how passage through the cell cycle fine-tunes a cell's apoptotic sensitivity such that it can respond appropriately when errors arise.
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Khan S, Ansari AA, Khan AA, Abdulla M, Al-Obaid O, Ahmad R. In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity, possible alteration of apoptotic regulatory proteins, and antibacterial activity of synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 153:320-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Du X, Fu X, Yao K, Lan Z, Xu H, Cui Q, Yang E. Bcl-2 delays cell cycle through mitochondrial ATP and ROS. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:707-713. [PMID: 28278051 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1295182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 inhibits cell proliferation by delaying G0/G1 to S phase entry. We tested the hypothesis that Bcl-2 regulates S phase entry through mitochondrial pathways. Existing evidence indicates mitochondrial adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signals in cell survival and cell death, however, the molecular details of how these 2 processes are linked remain unknown. In this study, 2 cell lines stably expressing Bcl-2, 3T3Bcl-2 and C3HBcl-2, and vector-alone PB controls were arrested in G0/G1 phase by serum starvation and contact inhibition, and ATP and ROS were measured during re-stimulation of cell cycle entry. Both ATP and ROS levels were decreased in G0/G1 arrested cells compared with normal growing cells. In addition, ROS levels were significant lower in synchronized Bcl-2 cells than those in PB controls. After re-stimulation, ATP levels increased with time, reaching peak value 1-3 hours ahead of S phase entry for both Bcl-2 cells and PB controls. Consistent with 2 hours of S phase delay, Bcl-2 cells reached ATP peaks 2 hours later than PB control, which suggests a rise in ATP levels is required for S phase entry. To examine the role of ATP and ROS in cell cycle regulation, ATP and ROS level were changed. We observed that elevation of ATP accelerated cell cycle progression in both PB and Bcl-2 cells, and decrease of ATP and ROS to the level equivalent to Bcl-2 cells delayed S phase entry in PB cells. Our results support the hypothesis that Bcl-2 protein regulates mitochondrial metabolism to produce less ATP and ROS, which contributes to S phase entry delay in Bcl-2 cells. These findings reveal a novel mechanistic basis for understanding the link between mitochondrial metabolism and tumor-suppressive function of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Kun Yao
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Zhenwei Lan
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- a School of Life Sciences , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China.,b Key Laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology in Yunnan Province , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , P.R. China
| | - Elizabeth Yang
- c Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders of Northern Virginia , Falls Church , VA , USA
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Hatok J, Racay P. Bcl-2 family proteins: master regulators of cell survival. Biomol Concepts 2017; 7:259-70. [PMID: 27505095 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prominent function of proteins of the Bcl-2 family is regulation of the initiation of intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathways of apoptosis. However, recent research has revealed that in addition to regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis, proteins of the Bcl-2 family play important roles in regulating other cellular pathways with a strong impact on cell survival like autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, intracellular calcium dynamics, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism. This review summarizes the recent knowledge about functions of Bcl-2 family proteins that are related to cell survival.
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Viant C, Guia S, Hennessy RJ, Rautela J, Pham K, Bernat C, Goh W, Jiao Y, Delconte R, Roger M, Simon V, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Grabow S, Belz GT, Kile BT, Strasser A, Gray D, Hodgkin PD, Beutler B, Vivier E, Ugolini S, Huntington ND. Cell cycle progression dictates the requirement for BCL2 in natural killer cell survival. J Exp Med 2017; 214:491-510. [PMID: 28057804 PMCID: PMC5294858 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells with antitumor functions. Using an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutagenesis screen in mice, we identified a strain with an NK cell deficiency caused by a hypomorphic mutation in the Bcl2 (B cell lymphoma 2) gene. Analysis of these mice and the conditional deletion of Bcl2 in NK cells revealed a nonredundant intrinsic requirement for BCL2 in NK cell survival. In these mice, NK cells in cycle were protected against apoptosis, and NK cell counts were restored in inflammatory conditions, suggesting a redundant role for BCL2 in proliferating NK cells. Consistent with this, cycling NK cells expressed higher MCL1 (myeloid cell leukemia 1) levels in both control and BCL2-null mice. Finally, we showed that deletion of BIM restored survival in BCL2-deficient but not MCL1-deficient NK cells. Overall, these data demonstrate an essential role for the binding of BCL2 to BIM in the survival of noncycling NK cells. They also favor a model in which MCL1 is the dominant survival protein in proliferating NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Viant
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Guia
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Robert J Hennessy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kim Pham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Claire Bernat
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Wilford Goh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yuhao Jiao
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rebecca Delconte
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Roger
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Vanina Simon
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Grabow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel Gray
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Phillip D Hodgkin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France.,Service Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Ugolini
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Lin Z, Li S, Sheng H, Cai M, Ma LYS, Hu L, Xu S, Yu LS, Zhang N. Suppression of GLI sensitizes medulloblastoma cells to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2469-2478. [PMID: 27601167 PMCID: PMC5095157 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling pathway plays the important role in medulloblastoma (MB). Altered GLI expression plays a key role in these processes, and the inhibition of GLI may be a good cancer-targeted therapy. This study aimed to investigate whether GANT61, a GLI inhibitor, may inhibit the SHH signalling pathway promoting cell mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and enhance cisplatin apoptosis antineoplastic therapy. Methods In our study, we determined the effect of GANT61-mediated inhibition of GLI in Daoy MB cells. Cells were treated with different concentrations of GANT61 alone or in combination with cisplatin. Cell proliferation was assessed with CCK-8 assays, and cell invasion and migration were performed using 8-µm transwell inserts. Cell apoptosis was assessed with flow cytometric analysis and rhodamine 123. qPCR was used to complete RNA experiments. Protein expression was assessed with Western blotting. Results The GANT61 significantly inhibited cell proliferation. GANT61 decreased the cell migration and invasion, impairing these crucial steps in tumour progression. Cell apoptosis was significantly increased in Daoy cells. Rhodamine 123 assay showed that GANT61 could decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential promoting cell mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. GANT61 inhibited the expression of GLI and Bcl-2 at both the mRNA and protein levels and might affect the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 to promote cell intrinsic apoptosis. Furthermore, GANT61 could enhance cisplatin-induced apoptosis to decrease the IC50 value of cisplatin. Finally, data suggest that GANT61 could enhance cisplatin-induced apoptosis through promoting the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein levels. Conclusion Our data suggest that the SHH signalling pathway plays an important role in MB. GLI is an oncogenic transcription factor in the SHH pathway, and targeting GLI with GANT61 results in favourable antitumour activity and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hansong Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yuan Si Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuxun Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangyu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sheng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Oligophrenin1 protects mice against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by modulating inflammation and myocardial apoptosis. Cell Signal 2016; 28:967-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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