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Alhejailan RS, Garoffolo G, Raveendran VV, Pesce M. Cells and Materials for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103398. [PMID: 37240504 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
After more than 20 years following the introduction of regenerative medicine to address the problem of cardiac diseases, still questions arise as to the best cell types and materials to use to obtain effective clinical translation. Now that it is definitively clear that the heart does not have a consistent reservoir of stem cells that could give rise to new myocytes, and that there are cells that could contribute, at most, with their pro-angiogenic or immunomodulatory potential, there is fierce debate on what will emerge as the winning strategy. In this regard, new developments in somatic cells' reprogramming, material science and cell biophysics may be of help, not only for protecting the heart from the deleterious consequences of aging, ischemia and metabolic disorders, but also to boost an endogenous regeneration potential that seems to be lost in the adulthood of the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Saud Alhejailan
- Cell Biology Department, King's Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gloria Garoffolo
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Vineesh Vimala Raveendran
- Cell Biology Department, King's Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
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Dutka M, Bobiński R, Wojakowski W, Francuz T, Pająk C, Zimmer K. Osteoprotegerin and RANKL-RANK-OPG-TRAIL signalling axis in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1395-1411. [PMID: 34313900 PMCID: PMC9197867 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of bone remodelling. OPG regulates osteoclast activity by blocking the interaction between the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL). More and more studies confirm the relationship between OPG and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that a high plasma concentration of OPG and a low concentration of tumour necrosis factor–related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) together with a high OPG/TRAIL ratio are predictors of poor prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction. A high plasma OPG concentration and a high ratio of OPG/TRAIL in the acute myocardial infarction are a prognostic indicator of adverse left ventricular remodelling and of the development of heart failure. Ever more data indicates the participation of OPG in the regulation of the function of vascular endothelial cells and the initiation of the atherosclerotic process in the arteries. Additionally, it has been shown that TRAIL has a protective effect on blood vessels and exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect. The mechanisms of action of both OPG and TRAIL within the cells of the vascular wall are complex and remain largely unclear. However, these mechanisms of action as well as their interaction in the local vascular environment are of great interest to researchers. This article presents the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms of action of OPG and TRAIL in the circulatory system and their role in cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may allow their use as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wojakowski
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Celina Pająk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Karolina Zimmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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Alt EU, Winnier G, Haenel A, Rothoerl R, Solakoglu O, Alt C, Schmitz C. Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of UA-ADRCs (Uncultured, Autologous, Fresh, Unmodified, Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells, Isolated at Point of Care) in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2020; 9:E1097. [PMID: 32365488 PMCID: PMC7290808 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become practically impossible to survey the literature on cells derived from adipose tissue for regenerative medicine. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and translational understanding of the potential of UA-ADRCs (uncultured, unmodified, fresh, autologous adipose derived regenerative cells isolated at the point of care) and its application in regenerative medicine. We provide profound basic and clinical evidence demonstrating that tissue regeneration with UA-ADRCs is safe and effective. ADRCs are neither 'fat stem cells' nor could they exclusively be isolated from adipose tissue. ADRCs contain the same adult stem cells ubiquitously present in the walls of blood vessels that are able to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. Of note, the specific isolation procedure used has a significant impact on the number and viability of cells and hence on safety and efficacy of UA-ADRCs. Furthermore, there is no need to specifically isolate and separate stem cells from the initial mixture of progenitor and stem cells found in ADRCs. Most importantly, UA-ADRCs have the physiological capacity to adequately regenerate tissue without need for more than minimally manipulating, stimulating and/or (genetically) reprogramming the cells for a broad range of clinical applications. Tissue regeneration with UA-ADRCs fulfills the criteria of homologous use as defined by the regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard U. Alt
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Sanford Health, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Isar Klinikum Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
- InGeneron, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | | | - Alexander Haenel
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Oender Solakoglu
- Dental Department of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, 22453 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Schmitz
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Myocardial infarction and post-infarction left ventricular remodelling involve a high risk of morbidity and mortality. For this reason, ongoing research is being conducted in order to learn the mechanisms of unfavourable left ventricular remodelling following a myocardial infarction. New biomarkers are also being sought that would allow for early identification of patients with a high risk of post-infarction remodelling and dysfunction of the left ventricle. In recent years, there has been ever more experimental data that confirms the significance of microRNA in cardiovascular diseases. It has been confirmed that microRNAs are stable in systemic circulation, and can be directly measured in patients’ blood. It has been found that significant changes occur in the concentrations of various types of microRNA in myocardial infarction and heart failure patients. Various types of microRNA are also currently being intensively researched in terms of their usefulness as markers of cardiomyocyte necrosis, and predictors of the post-infarction heart failure development. This paper is a summary of the current knowledge on the significance of microRNA in post-infarction left ventricular remodelling and heart failure.
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Aceves JL, López RV, Terán PM, Escobedo CM, Marroquín Muciño MA, Castillo GG, Estrada MM, García FR, Quiroz GD, Montaño Estrada LF. Autologous CXCR4+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells Injected into the Scar Tissue of Chronic Myocardial Infarction Patients Normalizes Tissue Contractility and Perfusion. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:135-144. [PMID: 32113784 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myocardial infarction (CMI), represents a public health and a financial burden. Since stem cell transplant is used to regenerate cardiac tissue after acute myocardial infarction. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine if autologous CXCR4 stem cells could restore damaged myocardial tissue in patients with CMI lesions. METHODS 20 NYHA grade III male patients with CMI defined by clinical, biochemical, ECG and echocardiographic parameters were included. Patients were treated with G-CSF for 6 d before isolating their autologous stem cells from PBMCs. Cell phenotyping was done by cytofluorometry using monoclonal antibodies (anti-CXCR4, -CD34, -48, -117, -133, -Ki67, -SDF1 and CXCR4); CXCR4 cell subpopulations isolated by sorting were adjusted to 1 × 108 cells by subpopulation and injected in a circular pattern into the cicatrix previously defined by echocardiography. RESULTS Patients were followed for 6 and 12 months. Six months after cell implant improvements in left ventricle ejection fraction (from 33-50%), stress rate values (from -3/-9% to -18/-22%), stress tests (from 4-12 METS), and the quantity of left ventricle affected segments (3-9) disappeared according to the G-SPECT images. 12 months evaluations did not show significant differences. Interestingly, 3 months after cell implant the ECG showed normal electrical activity in 9 patients whereas after 6 months it was normal in all the patients. CONCLUSIONS These results ratify that locally injected autologous CXCR4+ bone marrow-derived stem cells have a physiological and a clinical impact in patients with CMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Aceves
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Vilchis López
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paúl Mondragón Terán
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa e Ingeniería de Tejidos, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carmen Martínez Escobedo
- Departamento de Cardiología Nuclear, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario A Marroquín Muciño
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa e Ingeniería de Tejidos, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo García Castillo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa e Ingeniería de Tejidos, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Marmolejo Estrada
- Unidad de Aféresis, Banco de Sangre, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando Rodríguez García
- Unidad de Aféresis, Banco de Sangre, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Díaz Quiroz
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Montaño Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Saucourt C, Vogt S, Merlin A, Valat C, Criquet A, Harmand L, Birebent B, Rouard H, Himmelspach C, Jeandidier É, Chartois-Leauté AG, Derenne S, Koehl L, Salem JE, Hulot JS, Tancredi C, Aries A, Judé S, Martel E, Richard S, Douay L, Hénon P. Design and Validation of an Automated Process for the Expansion of Peripheral Blood-Derived CD34 + Cells for Clinical Use After Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:822-832. [PMID: 31037857 PMCID: PMC6646685 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that intracardiac delivery of autologous peripheral blood‐derived CD34+ stem cells (SCs), mobilized by granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and collected by leukapheresis after myocardial infarction, structurally and functionally repaired the damaged myocardial area. When used for cardiac indication, CD34+ cells are now considered as Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs). We have industrialized their production by developing an automated device for ex vivo CD34+‐SC expansion, starting from a whole blood (WB) sample. Blood samples were collected from healthy donors after G‐CSF mobilization. Manufacturing procedures included: (a) isolation of total nuclear cells, (b) CD34+ immunoselection, (c) expansion and cell culture recovery in the device, and (d) expanded CD34+ cell immunoselection and formulation. The assessment of CD34+ cell counts, viability, and immunophenotype and sterility tests were performed as quality tests. We established graft acceptance criteria and performed validation processes in three cell therapy centers. 59.4 × 106 ± 36.8 × 106 viable CD34+ cells were reproducibly generated as the final product from 220 ml WB containing 17.1 × 106 ± 8.1 × 106 viable CD34+ cells. CD34+ identity, genetic stability, and telomere length were consistent with those of basal CD34+ cells. Gram staining and mycoplasma and endotoxin analyses were negative in all cases. We confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of both CD34+‐cell categories in experimental acute myocardial infarct (AMI) in immunodeficient rats during preclinical studies. This reproducible, automated, and standardized expansion process produces high numbers of CD34+ cells corresponding to the approved ATMP and paves the way for a phase I/IIb study in AMI, which is currently recruiting patients. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:822&832
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurence Koehl
- INSERM, CIC-1421 and UMR ICAN 1166; AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- INSERM, CIC-1421 and UMR ICAN 1166; AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- INSERM, CIC-1421 and UMR ICAN 1166; AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luc Douay
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMRS938, Paris, France
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Xu JY, Liu D, Zhong Y, Huang RC. Effects of timing on intracoronary autologous bone marrow-derived cell transplantation in acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:231. [PMID: 29037256 PMCID: PMC5644258 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several cell-based therapies for adjunctive treatment of acute myocardial infarction have been investigated in multiple clinical trials, but the timing of transplantation remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to investigate the effects of timing on bone marrow-derived cell (BMC) therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Evidence-Based Medicine databases from January 2000 to June 2017 was performed on randomized controlled trials with at least a 3-month follow-up for patients with AMI undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and receiving intracoronary BMC transfer thereafter. The defined end points were left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic index. The data were analyzed to evaluate the effects of timing on BMC therapy. Results Thirty-four RCTs comprising a total of 2,307 patients were included; the results show that, compared to the control group, AMI patients who received BMC transplantation showed significantly improved cardiac function. BMC transplantation 3–7 days after PCI (+3.32%; 95% CI, 1.91 to 4.74; P < 0.00001) resulted in a significant increase of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). As for the inhibitory effect on ventricular remodeling, BMC transplantation 3–7 days after PCI reduced LV end-diastolic indexes (–4.48; 95% CI, −7.98 to –0.98; P = 0.01) and LV end-systolic indexes (–6.73; 95% CI, –11.27 to –2.19; P = 0.004). However, in the groups who received BMC transplantation either within 24 hours or later than 7 days there was no significant effect on treatment outcome. In subgroup analysis, the group with LVEF ≤ 50% underwent a significant decrease in LV end-diastolic index after BMC transplantation (WMD = –3.29, 95% CI, –4.49 to –2.09; P < 0.00001); the decrease was even more remarkable in the LV end-systolic index after BMC transplantation in the group with LVEF ≤ 50% (WMD = –5.25, 95% CI, –9.30 to –1.20; P = 0.01), as well as in patients who received a dose of 10^7–10^8 cells (WMD = –12.99, 95% CI, –19.07 to –6.91; P < 0.0001). In the group with a follow-up of more than 12 months, this beneficial effect was significant and increased to a more pronounced effect of +3.58% (95% CI, 1.55 to 5.61; P = 0.0006) when compared with control. Conclusions In this meta-analysis, BMC transfer at 3 to 7 days post-AMI was superior to transfer within 24 hours or more than 7 days after AMI in improving LVEF and decreasing LV end-systolic dimensions or LV end-diastolic dimensions. It is more effective in patients with lower baseline LVEF (≤50%) and the effect can last more than 12 months. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0680-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.,Present address: Department of Cardiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dalian City, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Chong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.
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Steinhoff G, Nesteruk J, Wolfien M, Große J, Ruch U, Vasudevan P, Müller P. Stem cells and heart disease - Brake or accelerator? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:2-24. [PMID: 29054357 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After two decades of intensive research and attempts of clinical translation, stem cell based therapies for cardiac diseases are not getting closer to clinical success. This review tries to unravel the obstacles and focuses on underlying mechanisms as the target for regenerative therapies. At present, the principal outcome in clinical therapy does not reflect experimental evidence. It seems that the scientific obstacle is a lack of integration of knowledge from tissue repair and disease mechanisms. Recent insights from clinical trials delineate mechanisms of stem cell dysfunction and gene defects in repair mechanisms as cause of atherosclerosis and heart disease. These findings require a redirection of current practice of stem cell therapy and a reset using more detailed analysis of stem cell function interfering with disease mechanisms. To accelerate scientific development the authors suggest intensifying unified computational data analysis and shared data knowledge by using open-access data platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Steinhoff
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Julia Nesteruk
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Markus Wolfien
- University Rostock, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Jana Große
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Ruch
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Praveen Vasudevan
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Paula Müller
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
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Templin C, Volkmann J, Emmert MY, Mocharla P, Müller M, Kraenkel N, Ghadri JR, Meyer M, Styp-Rekowska B, Briand S, Klingenberg R, Jaguszewski M, Matter CM, Djonov V, Mach F, Windecker S, Hoerstrup SP, Thum T, Lüscher TF, Landmesser U. Increased Proangiogenic Activity of Mobilized CD34+ Progenitor Cells of Patients With Acute ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Role of Differential MicroRNA-378 Expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:341-349. [PMID: 28062497 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proangiogenic effects of mobilized bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells are essential for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. MicroRNAs (miRNA/miR) are key regulators of angiogenesis. We investigated the differential regulation of angio-miRs, that is, miRNAs regulating neovascularization, in mobilized CD34+ progenitor cells obtained from patients with an acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as compared with those with stable coronary artery disease or healthy subjects. APPROACH AND RESULTS CD34+ progenitor cells were isolated from patients with STEMI (on day 0 and day 5), stable coronary artery disease, and healthy subjects (n=27). CD34+ progenitor cells of patients with STEMI exhibited increased proangiogenic activity as compared with CD34+ cells from the other groups. Using a polymerase chain reaction-based miRNA-array and real-time polymerase chain reaction validation, we identified a profound upregulation of 2 known angio-miRs, that are, miR-378 and let-7b, in CD34+ cells of patients with STEMI. Especially, we demonstrate that miR-378 is a critical regulator of the proangiogenic capacity of CD34+ progenitor cells and its stimulatory effects on endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas let-7b upregulation in CD34+ cells failed to proof its effect on endothelial cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates a significant upregulation of the angio-miRs miR-378 and let-7b in mobilized CD34+ progenitor cells of patients with STEMI. The increased proangiogenic activity of these cells in patients with STEMI and the observation that in particular miR-378 regulates the angiogenic capacity of CD34+ progenitor cells in vivo suggest that this unique miRNA expression pattern represents a novel endogenous repair mechanism activated in acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Templin
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
| | - Julia Volkmann
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Pavani Mocharla
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Maja Müller
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Nicolle Kraenkel
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Jelena-R Ghadri
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Martin Meyer
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Beata Styp-Rekowska
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Sylvie Briand
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Roland Klingenberg
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Milosz Jaguszewski
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Christian M Matter
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Valentin Djonov
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Francois Mach
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Stephan Windecker
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Thomas Thum
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (C.T., P.M., M.M., J.-R.G., M.J., C.M.M., T.F.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Research (M.Y.E., S.P.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (J.V.); Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.K., U.L.); Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland (B.S.-R., V.D.); Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Switzerland (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany (R.K.); Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.B., T.F.L.); First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Switzerland (F.M.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (S.W.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany (T.T.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
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Human Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells Are Present in Normal Peripheral Blood of Young, Middle-Aged, and Aged Subjects. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:7651645. [PMID: 26633977 PMCID: PMC4655065 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7651645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine whether the number of human very small embryonic-like stem cells (huVSELs) would vary depending on the age of humans. HuVSELs frequency was evaluated into the steady-state (SS) peripheral blood (PB) of healthy volunteers using flow cytometry analysis. Their numbers were compared with volunteers' age. Blood samples were withdrawn from 28 volunteers (age ranging from 20 to 70 years), who were distributed among three groups of age: “young” (mean age, 27.8 years), “middle” (mean age, 49 years), and “older” (mean age, 64.2 years). Comparing the three groups, we did not observe any statistically significant difference in huVSELs numbers between them. The difference in mRNA expression for PSC markers as SSEA-4, Oct-4, Nanog, and Sox2 between the three groups of age was not statistically significant. A similar frequency of huVSELs into the SS-PB of young, middle-aged, and aged subjects may indicate that the VSELs pool persists all along the life as a reserve for tissue repair in case of minor injury and that there is a continuous efflux of these cells from the BM into the PB.
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Li D, Bjørnager L, Langkilde A, Andersen O, Jøns C, Agner BFR, Dixen U, Landex NL. Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α): A marker of disease burden in patients with atrial fibrillation. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2015; 50:36-41. [PMID: 26441035 DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2015.1103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stromal cell-derived factor 1a (SDF-1α), is a chemokine and is able to home hematopoietic progenitor cells to injured areas of heart tissue for structural repair. Previous studies have found increased levels of SDF-1α in several cardiac diseases, but only few studies have investigated SDF-1α in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to test SDF-1α in a large cohort of patients with AF and its role as a prognostic marker. DESIGN Between January 1st 2008 to December 1st 2012, 290 patients with ECG documented AF were enrolled from the in- and outpatient clinics at the Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark. Plasma levels of SDF-1α were measured using ELISA technique. Clinical data were registered and patient follow-up was conducted. RESULTS Patients with permanent AF had significantly higher SDF-1α levels (2199.5 pg/ml) than the patients with paroxysmal AF (1982.0 pg/ml) and persistent AF (1906.0 pg/ml), p < 0.0005. Higher SDF-1α level was associated with longer time spent in the hospital per readmission, p < 0.05. CONCLUSION In AF patients, a higher SDF-1α level was found in patients with a more progressive state of arrhythmia and was associated with longer hospitalizations. These findings suggest that SDF-1α could prove valuable in risk stratification and evaluating the disease burden in AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Li
- a Department of Cardiology , Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Louise Bjørnager
- a Department of Cardiology , Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Anne Langkilde
- b Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Ove Andersen
- b Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Christian Jøns
- c Department of Cardiology , Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Bue F R Agner
- a Department of Cardiology , Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dixen
- a Department of Cardiology , Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Nadia L Landex
- d Department of Cardiology , Roskilde University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The bioactive lysophospholipids, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), have potent effects on blood and vascular cells. This review focuses their potential contributions to the development of atherosclerosis, acute complications such as acute myocardial infarction, and chronic ischemic cardiac damage. RECENT FINDINGS Exciting recent developments have provided insight into the molecular underpinnings of LPA and S1P receptor signaling. New lines of evidence suggest roles for these pathways in the development of atherosclerosis. In experimental animal models, the production, signaling, and metabolism of LPA may be influenced by environmental factors in the diet that synergize to promote the progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This is supported by observations of human polymorphisms in the lysophospholipid-metabolizing enzyme PPAP2B, which are associated with risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. S1P signaling protects from myocardial damage that follows acute and chronic ischemia, both by direct effects on cardiomyocytes and through stem cell recruitment to ischemic tissue. SUMMARY This review will suggest novel strategies to prevent the complications of coronary artery disease by targeting LPA production and signaling. Additionally, ways in which S1P signaling pathways may be harnessed to attenuate ischemia-induced cardiac dysfunction will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- aDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center bDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute cUniversity of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Naaijkens BA, Krijnen PAJ, Meinster E, ter Horst EN, Vo K, Musters RJP, Kamp O, Niessen HWM, Juffermans LJM, van Dijk A. Acute myocardial infarction does not affect functional characteristics of adipose-derived stem cells in rats, but reduces the number of stem cells in adipose tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2015. [PMID: 26202892 PMCID: PMC4675794 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In most pre-clinical animal studies investigating stem cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the administered stem cells are isolated from healthy donors. In clinical practice, however, patients who suffer from AMI will receive autologous cells, for example using adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). During AMI, inflammation is induced and we hypothesized that this might affect characteristics of ASC. To investigate this, ASC were isolated from rat adipose tissue 1 day (1D group, n = 5) or 7 days (7D group, n = 6) post-AMI, and were compared with ASC from healthy control rats (Control group, n = 6) and sham-operated rats (Sham 1D group, n = 5). We found that significantly fewer ASC were present 1 day post-AMI in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), determined by a colony-forming-unit assay (p < 0.001 vs. Control and 7D). These data were confirmed by flow cytometry, showing fewer CD90-positive cells in SVF of the 1D group. When cultured, no differences were found in proliferation rate and cell size between the groups in the first three passages. Also, no difference in the differentiation capacity of ASC was found. In conclusion, it was shown that significantly fewer stem cells were present in the SVF 1 day post-AMI; however, the stem cells that were present showed no functional differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Naaijkens
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, Netherlands. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - P A J Krijnen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E Meinster
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E N ter Horst
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K Vo
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R J P Musters
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - O Kamp
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - H W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L J M Juffermans
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A van Dijk
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Seropian IM, Sonnino C, Van Tassell BW, Biasucci LM, Abbate A. Inflammatory markers in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2015; 5:382-95. [PMID: 25681486 DOI: 10.1177/2048872615568965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
After acute myocardial infarction, ventricular remodeling is characterized by changes at the molecular, structural, geometrical and functional level that determine progression to heart failure. Inflammation plays a key role in wound healing and scar formation, affecting ventricular remodeling. Several, rather different, components of the inflammatory response were studied as biomarkers in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. Widely available and inexpensive tests, such as leukocyte count at admission, as well as more sophisticated immunoassays provide powerful predictors of adverse outcome in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. We review the value of inflammatory markers in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction and their association with ventricular remodeling, heart failure and sudden death. In conclusion, the use of these biomarkers may identify subjects at greater risk of adverse events and perhaps provide an insight into the mechanisms of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Seropian
- Interventional Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chiara Sonnino
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University, Italy
| | - Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Luigi M Biasucci
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
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15
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Nagareddy PR, Asfour A, Klyachkin YM, Abdel-Latif A. A novel role for bioactive lipids in stem cell mobilization during cardiac ischemia: new paradigms in thrombosis: novel mediators and biomarkers. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2014; 37:24-31. [PMID: 24318213 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-013-1032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances in pharmacological and reperfusion therapies, regenerating and/or replacing the infarcted myocardial tissue is an enormous challenge and therefore ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Adult bone marrow is home for a variety of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem cells including a small subset of primitive cells that carry a promising regenerative potential. It is now well established that myocardial ischemia (MI) induces mobilization of bone marrow-derived cells including differentiated lineage as well as undifferentiated stem cells. While the numbers of stem cells carrying pluripotent features among the mobilized stem cells is small, their regenerative capacity appears immense. Therapies aimed at selective mobilization of these pluripotent stem cells during myocardial ischemia have a promising potential to regenerate the injured myocardium. Emerging evidence suggest that bioactive sphingolipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide-1-phosphate hold a great promise in selective mobilization of pluripotent stem cells to the infarcted region during MI. This review highlights the recent advances in the mechanisms of stem cell mobilization and provides newer evidence in support of bioactive lipids as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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16
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Tsaknis G, Tsangaris I, Ikonomidis I, Tsantes A. Clinical usefulness of novel serum and imaging biomarkers in risk stratification of patients with stable angina. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:831364. [PMID: 25045198 PMCID: PMC4087263 DOI: 10.1155/2014/831364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators appear to be the most intriguing yet confusing subject, regarding the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The current inflammatory concept of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) led many investigators to concentrate on systemic markers of inflammation, as well as imaging techniques, which may be helpful in risk stratification and prognosis assessment for cardiovascular events. In this review, we try to depict many of the recently studied markers regarding stable angina (SA), their clinical usefulness, and possible future applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsaknis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Second Department of Critical Care Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, 1 Rimini Street, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Iraklis Tsangaris
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, 1 Rimini Street, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Argirios Tsantes
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, 1 Rimini Street, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
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17
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The role of bioactive lipids in stem cell mobilization and homing: novel therapeutics for myocardial ischemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:653543. [PMID: 24672794 PMCID: PMC3930186 DOI: 10.1155/2014/653543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in medical therapy and interventional strategies, the prognosis of millions of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains poor. Currently, short of heart transplantation with all of its inherit limitations, there are no available treatment strategies that replace the infarcted myocardium. It is now well established that cardiomyocytes undergo continuous renewal, with contribution from bone marrow (BM)-derived stem/progenitor cells (SPCs). This phenomenon is upregulated during AMI by initiating multiple innate reparatory mechanisms through which BMSPCs are mobilized towards the ischemic myocardium and contribute to myocardial regeneration. While a role for the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in retention of BMSPCs in bone marrow is undisputed, its exclusive role in their mobilization and homing to a highly proteolytic microenvironment, such as the ischemic/infarcted myocardium, is currently being challenged. Recent evidence suggests a pivotal role for bioactive lipids in the mobilization of BMSPCs at the early stages following AMI and their homing towards ischemic myocardium. This review highlights the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of stem cell mobilization, provides newer evidence implicating bioactive lipids in BMSPC mobilization and differentiation, and discusses their potential as therapeutic agents in the treatment of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Porto I, De Maria GL, Leone AM, Dato I, D'Amario D, Burzotta F, Niccoli G, Trani C, Biasucci LM, Bolognese L, Crea F. Endothelial progenitor cells, microvascular obstruction, and left ventricular remodeling in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2013; 112:782-91. [PMID: 23746481 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are released from the bone marrow during cardiac ischemic events, potentially influencing vascular and myocardial repair. We assessed the clinical and angiographic correlates of EPC mobilization at the time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in 78 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and the impact of both baseline and follow-up EPC levels on left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Blood samples were drawn from the aorta and the culprit coronary artery for cytofluorimetric EPC detection (CD34+CD45dimKDR+ cells, in percentage of cytofluorimetric counts). Area at risk was assessed by Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation myocardial jeopardy index, thrombotic burden as thrombus score and microvascular obstruction (MVO) as a combination of ST segment resolution and myocardial blush grade. Echocardiographic evaluation of LV remodeling was performed at 1-year follow-up in 54 patients, whereas peripheral EPC levels were reassessed in 40 patients. EPC levels during primary percutaneous coronary intervention were significantly higher in intracoronary than in aortic blood (0.043% vs 0.0006%, p <0.001). Both intracoronary and aortic EPC were related to area at risk extent, to intracoronary thrombus score (p <0.001), and inversely to MVO (p = 0.001). Peripheral EPC levels at 1-year follow-up were lower in patients with LV remodeling than in those without (0.001% [0.001 to 0.002] vs 0.003% [0.002 to 0.010]; p = 0.01) and independently predicted absence of remodeling at multivariate analysis. In conclusion, a rapid intracoronary EPC recruitment takes place in the early phases of ST elevation myocardial infarction, possibly reflecting an attempted reparative response. The extent of this mobilization seems to be correlated to the area at risk and to the amount of MVO. Persistently low levels of EPC are associated to LV remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Porto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy.
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20
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Bravery CA, Carmen J, Fong T, Oprea W, Hoogendoorn KH, Woda J, Burger SR, Rowley JA, Bonyhadi ML, Van't Hof W. Potency assay development for cellular therapy products: an ISCT review of the requirements and experiences in the industry. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:9-19. [PMID: 23260082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of potency plays a key role in defining the quality of cellular therapy products (CTPs). Potency can be defined as a quantitative measure of relevant biologic function based on the attributes that are linked to relevant biologic properties. To achieve an adequate assessment of CTP potency, appropriate in vitro or in vivo laboratory assays and properly controlled clinical data need to be created. The primary objective of a potency assay is to provide a mechanism by which the manufacturing process and the final product for batch release are scrutinized for quality, consistency and stability. A potency assay also provides the basis for comparability assessment after process changes, such as scale-up, site transfer and new starting materials (e.g., a new donor). Potency assays should be in place for early clinical development, and validated assays are required for pivotal clinical trials. Potency is based on the individual characteristics of each individual CTP, and the adequacy of potency assays will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by regulatory agencies. We provide an overview of the expectations and challenges in development of potency assays specific for CTPs; several real-life experiences from the cellular therapy industry are presented as illustrations. The key observation and message is that aggressive early investment in a solid potency evaluation strategy can greatly enhance eventual CTP deployment because it can mitigate the risk of costly product failure in late-stage development.
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21
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Fortunato O, Spinetti G, Specchia C, Cangiano E, Valgimigli M, Madeddu P. Migratory activity of circulating progenitor cells and serum SDF-1α predict adverse events in patients with myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:192-200. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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22
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Karapetyan AV, Klyachkin YM, Selim S, Sunkara M, Ziada KM, Cohen DA, Zuba-Surma EK, Ratajczak J, Smyth SS, Ratajczak MZ, Morris AJ, Abdel-Latif A. Bioactive lipids and cationic antimicrobial peptides as new potential regulators for trafficking of bone marrow-derived stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1645-56. [PMID: 23282236 PMCID: PMC3657281 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) triggers mobilization of stem cells from bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB). Based on our observation that the bioactive sphingophospholipids, sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), and ceramide-1 phosphate (C1P) regulate trafficking of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we explored whether they also direct trafficking of non-hematopoietic stem cells (non-HSCs). We detected a 3-6-fold increase in circulating CD34+, CD133+, and CXCR4+ lineage-negative (Lin-)/CD45- cells that are enriched in non-HSCs [including endothelial progenitors (EPCs) and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs)] in PB from AMI patients (P<0.05 vs. controls). Concurrently, we measured a ∼3-fold increase in S1P and C1P levels in plasma from AMI patients. At the same time, plasma obtained at hospital admission and 6 h after AMI strongly chemoattracted human BM-derived CD34+/Lin- and CXCR4+/Lin- cells in Transwell chemotaxis assays. This effect of plasma was blunted after depletion of S1P level by charcoal stripping and was further inhibited by the specific S1P1 receptor antagonist such as W146 and VPC23019. We also noted that the expression of S1P receptor 1 (S1P1), which is dominant in naïve BM, is reduced after the exposure to S1P at concentrations similar to the plasma S1P levels in patients with AMI, thus influencing the role of S1P in homing to the injured myocardium. Therefore, we examined mechanisms, other than bioactive lipids, that may contribute to the homing of BM non-HSCs to the infarcted myocardium. Hypoxic cardiac tissue increases the expression of cathelicidin and β-2 defensin, which could explain why PB cells isolated from patients with AMI migrated more efficiently to a low, yet physiological, gradient of stromal-derived factor-1 in Transwell migration assays. Together, these observations suggest that while elevated S1P and C1P levels early in the course of AMI may trigger mobilization of non-HSCs into PB, cathelicidin and β-2 defensin could play an important role in their homing to damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anush V. Karapetyan
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yuri M. Klyachkin
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Samy Selim
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Khaled M. Ziada
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Donald A. Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ewa K. Zuba-Surma
- Stem Cell Biology Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Susan S. Smyth
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Kheirandish-Gozal L, Farré R. The injury theory, endothelial progenitors, and sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:5-7. [PMID: 23281349 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201210-1950ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Davy P, Walker B, Wong L, Allsopp R. Hematopoietic stem cells are a critical sub-population of whole bone marrow in the treatment of myocardial infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/scd.2013.32016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tang T, Xia QJ, Chen JB, Xi MR, Lei D. Expression of the CXCL12/SDF-1 Chemokine Receptor CXCR7 in Human Brain Tumours. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:5281-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.10.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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26
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Domínguez-Franco A, González FJ, Rodríguez-Losada N, Marchal JA, Cabrera-Bueno F, Carrillo E, Gómez-Doblas JJ, Perán M, Alonso-Briales JH, Jiménez-Navarro MF, Aránega A, De Teresa Galván E. [Factors influencing mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenic cytokines after an extensive acute myocardial infarction]. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 138:415-21. [PMID: 22197368 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), bone-marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are mobilised into the peripheral blood. Our aim was to examine the factors influencing this spontaneous cell mobilisation. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study we analysed 47 patients with extensive AMI (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <50% by echocardiography during the first week post-AMI); we studied the peripheral blood EPC populations expressing CD133(+), CD34(+), KDR(+), CXCR4(+), as well as the cytokines VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor 1) and TSP-1 (thrombospondin 1), measured on day 5±2.5 after AMI. RESULTS The extension of AMI (CPK peak) correlated with the number of CD133(+) mobilised cells: (r=0.40; P=.011). Patients who did not receive perfusion during the acute phase (34%) had more CD34(+)CXCR4(+) cells with a median (interquartile ranges) of 2,401 (498-7,004) vs. 999 (100-1,600), P=.048, and strong correlations between VEGF and CD133(+)CD34(+)KDR(+) (r=.84; P<.01) and SDF-1 and CD34(+)CXCR4(+) (r=.67; P<.01), and between these 2 cytokines (r=.57; P=.01). In the reperfused patients, the correlation between VEGF and CD133(+)CD34(+)KDR(+) was lower (r=.38; P=.03) and the correlation between SDF-1 and CD34(+)CXCR4(+) and VEGF disappeared. Multivariate analysis showed that a VEGF >7pg/mL (P<.01) predicted the mobilisation of CD133(+)CD34(+)KDR(+), whereas hypertension showed a trend (P=.055). Diabetes (P=.045) predicted the number of CD34(+)CXCR4(+), with reperfusion treatment showing a trend in this subpopulation (P=.054). CONCLUSIONS Mobilisation of progenitor cells after AMI is influenced by factors such as diabetes and the cytokine VEGF. Hypertension and reperfusion therapy during the acute phase also tend to influence the cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Domínguez-Franco
- Área del Corazón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Investigadores RECAVA, Málaga, España
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27
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Mobilization of CD34+CXCR4+ stem/progenitor cells and the parameters of left ventricular function and remodeling in 1-year follow-up of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:564027. [PMID: 22547906 PMCID: PMC3321738 DOI: 10.1155/2012/564027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobilization of stem cells in acute MI might signify the reparatory response. Aim of the Study. Prospective evaluation of correlation between CD34+CXCR4+ cell mobilization and improvement of LVEF and remodeling in patients with acute MI in 1-year followup. Methods. 50 patients with MI, 28 with stable angina (SAP), and 20 individuals with no CAD (CTRL). CD34+CXCR4+ cells, SDF-1, G-CSF, troponin I (TnI) and NT-proBNP were measured on admission and 1 year after MI. Echocardiography and ergospirometry were carried out after 1 year. Results. Number of CD34+CXCR4+ cells in acute MI was significantly higher in comparison with SAP and CTRL, but lower in patients with decreased LVEF ≤40%. In patients who had significant LVEF increase ≥5% in 1 year FU the number of cells in acute MI was significantly higher versus patients with no LVEF improvement. Number of cells was positively correlated (r = 0,41, P = 0,031) with absolute LVEF change and inversely with absolute change of ESD and EDD in 1-year FU. Mobilization of CD34+CXCR4+ cells in acute MI was negatively correlated with maximum TnI and NT-proBNP levels. Conclusion. Mobilization of CD34+CXCR4+ cells in acute MI shows significant positive correlation with improvement of LVEF after 1 year.
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28
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Plasma levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1 in patients with coronary artery disease: Effect of clinical presentation and cardiovascular risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:913-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Jiménez-Navarro MF, González FJ, Caballero-Borrego J, Marchal JA, Rodríguez-Losada N, Carrillo E, García-Pinilla JM, Hernández-García JM, Pérez-González R, Ramírez G, Aránega A, de Teresa Galván E. La extensión de la enfermedad coronaria determina la movilización de las células progenitoras endoteliales y las citocinas tras un primer infarto de miocardio con elevación del ST. Rev Esp Cardiol 2011; 64:1123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Zuba-Surma EK, Wojakowski W, Ratajczak MZ, Dawn B. Very small embryonic-like stem cells: biology and therapeutic potential for heart repair. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1821-34. [PMID: 21194389 PMCID: PMC3159118 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) represent a population of extremely small nonhematopoietic pluripotent cells that are negative for lineage markers and express Sca-1 in mice and CD133 in humans. Their embryonic-like characteristics include the expression of markers of pluripotency; the ability to give rise to cellular derivatives of all three germ-layers; and the ability to form embryoid-like bodies. Indeed, quiescent VSELs may represent the remnants of epiblast-derived cells in adult organs. After tissue injury, including acute myocardial infarction (MI), bone marrow-derived VSELs are mobilized into the peripheral blood and home to the damaged organ. Given the ability of VSELs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, and their ability to secrete various cardioprotective growth factors/cytokines, VSELs may serve as an ideal cellular source for cardiac repair. Consistently, transplantation of VSELs after an acute MI improves left ventricular (LV) structure and function, and these benefits remain stable during long-term follow-up. Although the mechanisms remain under investigation, effects of secreted factors, regeneration of cellular constituents, and stimulation of endogenous stem/progenitors may play combinatorial roles. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the biologic features of VSELs, and to discuss their potential as cellular substrates for therapeutic cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Endothelin-1 levels predict endothelial progenitor cell mobilization after acute myocardial infarction. Microvasc Res 2011; 82:177-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wojakowski W, Landmesser U, Bachowski R, Jadczyk T, Tendera M. Mobilization of stem and progenitor cells in cardiovascular diseases. Leukemia 2011; 26:23-33. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
The focus of this review is on translational studies utilizing large-animal models and clinical studies that provide fundamental insight into cellular and extracellular pathways contributing to post-myocardial infarction (MI) left ventricle (LV) remodeling. Specifically, both large-animal and clinical studies have examined the potential role of endogenous and exogenous stem cells to alter the course of LV remodeling. Interestingly, there have been alterations in LV remodeling with stem cell treatment despite a lack of long-term cell engraftment. The translation of the full potential of stem cell treatments to clinical studies has yet to be realized. The modulation of proteolytic pathways that contribute to the post-MI remodeling process has also been examined. On the basis of recent large-animal studies, there appears to be a relationship between stem cell treatment post-MI and the modification of proteolytic pathways, generating the hypothesis that stem cells leave an echo effect that moderates LV remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Dixon
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, USA
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Cangiano E, Marchesini J, Campo G, Francolini G, Fortini C, Carrà G, Miccoli M, Ceconi C, Tavazzi L, Ferrari R. ACE Inhibition Modulates Endothelial Apoptosis and Renewal via Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2011; 11:189-98. [DOI: 10.2165/11589400-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Siltanen A, Kitabayashi K, Lakkisto P, Mäkelä J, Pätilä T, Ono M, Tikkanen I, Sawa Y, Kankuri E, Harjula A. hHGF overexpression in myoblast sheets enhances their angiogenic potential in rat chronic heart failure. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19161. [PMID: 21541335 PMCID: PMC3082550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After severe myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure results from ischemia, fibrosis, and remodeling. A promising therapy to enhance cardiac function and induce therapeutic angiogenesis via a paracrine mechanism in MI is myoblast sheet transplantation. We hypothesized that in a rat model of MI-induced chronic heart failure, this therapy could be further improved by overexpression of the antiapoptotic, antifibrotic, and proangiogenic hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the myoblast sheets. We studied the ability of wild type (L6-WT) and human HGF-expressing (L6-HGF) L6 myoblast sheet-derived paracrine factors to stimulate cardiomyocyte, endothelial cell, or smooth muscle cell migration in culture. Further, we studied the autocrine effect of hHGF-expression on myoblast gene expression profiles by use of microarray analysis. We induced MI in Wistar rats by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation and allowed heart failure to develop for 4 weeks. Thereafter, we administered L6-WT (n = 15) or L6-HGF (n = 16) myoblast sheet therapy. Control rats (n = 13) underwent LAD ligation and rethoracotomy without therapy, and five rats underwent a sham operation in both surgeries. We evaluated cardiac function with echocardiography at 2 and 4 weeks after therapy, and analyzed cardiac angiogenesis and left ventricular architecture from histological sections at 4 weeks. Paracrine mediators from L6-HGF myoblast sheets effectively induced migration of cardiac endothelial and smooth muscle cells but not cardiomyocytes. Microarray data revealed that hHGF-expression modulated myoblast gene expression. In vivo, L6-HGF sheet therapy effectively stimulated angiogenesis in the infarcted and non-infarcted areas. Both L6-WT and L6-HGF therapies enhanced cardiac function and inhibited remodeling in a similar fashion. In conclusion, L6-HGF therapy effectively induced angiogenesis in the chronically failing heart. Cardiac function, however, was not further enhanced by hHGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Siltanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Bogoslovsky T, Spatz M, Chaudhry A, Maric D, Luby M, Frank J, Warach S. Stromal-derived factor-1[alpha] correlates with circulating endothelial progenitor cells and with acute lesion volume in stroke patients. Stroke 2011; 42:618-25. [PMID: 21257825 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.596007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are important participants of neovascularization and are mobilized through signaling with stromal-derived factor (SDF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and stem cell factor. The association between EPC levels and these growth factors (GF) in acute stroke has not been previously established. We aimed to determine the association between EPC and these GF, and to elucidate a relationship between these GF and stroke severity in acute stroke patients. METHODS Seventeen patients were selected from 175 patients with imaging-confirmed acute ischemic stroke. EPC were quantified using CD34, CD133, and VEGF-R2 markers. Plasma VEGF, SDF-1α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and stem cell factor were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on days 1 and 3, and brain MRI was performed at baseline and on days 1 and 5 after the stroke onset. RESULTS Levels of SDF-1α strongly (r=0.6) correlated with the numbers of EPC subsets CD133(+)VEFG-R2(+) (P<0.004), CD34(+)VEGF-R2(+) (P<0.01), and CD34(+)CD133(+)VEGF-R2(+) (P<0.01) on day 1. Stem cell factor strongly (r=0.5) correlated with CD133(+)VEGF-R2(+) (P<0.05). SDF-1α moderately inversely (r=-0.49) correlated with baseline diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volumes (P<0.04). Median levels of SDF-1α (1561 pg/mL) increased (P<0.04) on day 3 compared to day 1 (1379 pg/mL). Similarly, VEGF at day 3 (95 pg/mL) increased (P<0.03) compared to day 1 (64 pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SDF-1α and stem cell factor correlate with an increase in EPC early in ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Bogoslovsky
- Center for Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 12725 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Identification of Very Small Embryonic/Epiblast-Like Stem Cells (VSELs) Circulating in Peripheral Blood During Organ/Tissue Injuries. Methods Cell Biol 2011; 103:31-54. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385493-3.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wojakowski W, Kucia M, Liu R, Zuba-Surma E, Jadczyk T, Bachowski R, Nabiałek E, Kaźmierski M, Ratajczak MZ, Tendera M. Circulating very small embryonic-like stem cells in cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2010; 4:138-44. [PMID: 21165781 PMCID: PMC3047714 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-010-9254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Very small embryonic-like cells (VSELs) are a population of stem cells residing in the bone marrow (BM) and several organs, which undergo mobilization into peripheral blood (PB) following acute myocardial infarction and stroke. These cells express markers of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as Oct-4, Nanog, and SSEA-1, as well as early cardiac, endothelial, and neural tissue developmental markers. VSELs can be effectively isolated from the BM, umbilical cord blood, and PB. Peripheral blood and BM-derived VSELs can be expanded in co-culture with C2C12 myoblast feeder layer and undergo differentiation into cells from all three germ layers, including cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Isolation of VSLEs using fluorescence-activated cell sorting multiparameter live cell sorting system is dependent on gating strategy based on their small size and expression of PSC and absence of hematopoietic lineage markers. VSELs express early cardiac and endothelial lineages markers (GATA-4, Nkx2.5/Csx, VE-cadherin, and von Willebrand factor), SDF-1 chemokine receptor CXCR4, and undergo rapid mobilization in acute MI and ischemic stroke. Experiments in mice showed differentiation of BM-derived VSELs into cardiac myocytes and effectiveness of expanded and pre-differentiated VSLEs in improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wojakowski
- Third Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, 45-47 Ziołowa Street, Katowice, Poland.
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Esposito G, Dellegrottaglie S, Chiariello M. The extent of irreversible myocardial damage and the potential for left ventricular repair after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am Heart J 2010; 160:S4-10. [PMID: 21147291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is currently recognized as a highly effective therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and has been shown to decrease myocardial damage and improve prognosis. Several diagnostic tools have been proposed to evaluate the myocardium at risk, the occurrence of no-reflow, the final scar size, and the presence of residual viable myocardium in patients treated by primary PCI. A large body of literature documents the relevant impact of each of these variables on outcomes in patients treated for AMI. In patients undergoing primary PCI, a number of treatment approaches have been proposed recently to improve efficacy by increasing myocardial salvage. This article describes the principal diagnostic tools (ie, serum biochemical markers, electrocardiography, echocardiography, nuclear imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging, and multidetector computed tomography) applicable for evaluation of the size and severity of myocardial damage in patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI. Proposed therapeutic strategies to repair irreversible myocardial damage in patients treated with primary PCI are also considered, with particular focus on the value of stem cell therapy in this specific setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Esposito
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Li M, Yu J, Li Y, Li D, Yan D, Ruan Q. CXCR4+ progenitors derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into endothelial cells capable of vascular repair after arterial injury. Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:405-15. [PMID: 20698779 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) participate in the process of neovascularization in response to repair to injury and are involved in postinfarction myocardial repair. It is unclear what special characteristics the vascular progenitors of bone marrow origin has. CXCR4(+) stem/progenitor cells mobilized to the infarct area and improved the myocardial repair. In present study, we aimed to determine whether CXCR4(+)BMSCs contribute to the angiogenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. CXCR4(+)BMSCs were separated by using paramagnetic microbeads and cultured. RT-PCR and FACS analysis confirmed the gene expression phenotype. The uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLDL) and the tube formation evaluated the function of CXCR4(+)BMSCs. The effect of CXCR4(+)BMSCs transplantation on neovascularization was investigated in a murine model hindlimb ischemia. After induced by VEGF, CXCR4(+)BMSCs expressed the endothelial cells (ECs) phenotype. The expression of EC markers, PECAM-1, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) increased significantly at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, CXCR4(+)BMSCs enhanced the uptakes of Dil-acLDL and form capillary-like tubes in vitro. In vivo the local transfer of CXCR4(+)BMSCs increased neovascularization in ischemic hindlimb. These results demonstrate that CXCR4(+)BMSCs differentiate into ECs and contribute to neovascularization in the vascular lesion,, which indicate the important therapeutic implications for cardiovascular diseases and a new cell source for cell-based vascular engineering and repair in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincai Li
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Very small embryonic-like stem cells in cardiovascular repair. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 129:21-8. [PMID: 20971132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adult bone marrow (BM) harbors several small populations of cells which may contribute to cardiac and endothelial repair, such as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and very small embryonic-like cells (VSELs) expressing several markers of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as Oct-4, Nanog and SSEA-1. Such cells were identified in mice bone marrow, peripheral blood and solid organs as well as in umbilical cord blood (UCB) and peripheral blood (PB) in humans. The adult BM-derived VSELs may undergo differentiation into cells derived for all three germ layers, including cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. VSELs can be isolated using a multiparameter live cell sorting technique with special gating strategy based on their small size, expression of stem cell markers (Sca-1 in mice, CXCR4 and CD133 in humans) and absence of hematopoietic lineage markers (CD45(-) Lin(-)). Experiments in murine models of myocardial infarction (MI) demonstrated population of VSELs expressed also early markers of cardiac and endothelial lineages (GATA-4, Nkx2.5/Csx, VE-cadherin, von Willebrand factor) which migrated to stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and other chemoattractant gradient and underwent rapid mobilization into peripheral blood in experimental MI mice models. Recently, we demonstrated the mobilization of VSELs expressing PSC, early cardiac and endothelial markers in patients with acute MI. In addition to BM, VSELs were also identified in several murine solid organs including the heart and brain, as well as in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood in adult humans. We hypothesized that VSELs are quiescent progeny of epiblast-derived PSCs that are deposited during organogenesis in developing organs. In experimental MI intramyocardial injection of VSELs was more efficient than that of HSCs at improving left ventricular ejection fraction and attenuation of myocardial hypertrophy. VSELs can be useful in translational studies of cardiovascular repair.
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Wojakowski W, Ratajczak M, Tendera M. Mobilization of very small embryonic-like stem cells in acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Herz 2010; 35:467-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-010-3389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Evidence of mobilization of pluripotent stem cells into peripheral blood of patients with myocardial ischemia. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:1131-1142.e1. [PMID: 20800644 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ischemic myocardium releases multiple chemotactic factors responsible for the mobilization and recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells to injured myocardium. However, the mobilization of primitive pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) enriched in very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) in various cardiac ischemic scenarios is not well understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four ischemic heart disease patients, including subjects with stable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 12 matched controls were enrolled. The absolute numbers of circulating stem/primitive cells in samples of peripheral blood (PB) were quantitated by ImageStream analysis and conventional flow cytometry. Gene expression of PSC (Oct-4 and Nanog), early cardiomyocyte (Nkx-2.5 and GATA-4), and endothelial (von Willebrand factor) markers was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The absolute numbers of PSCs, stem cell populations enriched in VSELs, and hematopoietic stem cells present in PB were significantly higher in STEMI patients at presentation and declined over time. There was a corresponding increase in pluripotent, cardiac, and endothelial gene expression in unfractionated PB cells and sorted PB-derived primitive CD34(+) cells. The absolute numbers of circulating VSELs and hematopoietic stem cells in STEMI correlated negatively with patient age. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial ischemia mobilizes primitive PSCs including pluripotent VSELs into the circulation. The peak of mobilization occurs within 12 hours in patients presenting with STEMI, which may represent a therapeutic window for future clinical applications. Reduced stem cell mobilization with advancing age could explain, in part, the observation that age is associated with poor prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Kondo T, Shintani S, Maeda K, Hayashi M, Inden Y, Numaguchi Y, Sugiura K, Morita Y, Kitamura T, Kamiya H, Sone T, Ohno M, Murohara T. The number and function of circulating CD34(+)CD133(+) progenitor cells decreased in stable coronary artery disease but not in acute myocardial infarction. HEART ASIA 2010; 2:20-3. [PMID: 27325937 DOI: 10.1136/ha.2009.001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating CD34(+)CD133(+) cells are one of the main sources of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Age is inversely related to the number and function of CD34(+)CD133(+) progenitor cells in stable coronary artery disease (CAD), but the relationship remains unclear in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The authors aimed to clarify how ageing affects the number and function of mobilised CD34(+)CD133(+) progenitor cells in AMI. DESIGN AND RESULTS Circulating CD34(+)CD133(+) progenitor cells were measured by flow cytometry. Measurements were made at admission for CAD, or on day 7 after the onset of AMI. In stable CAD (n=131), circulating CD34(+)CD133(+) cells decreased with age (r=-0.344, p<0.0001). In AMI, circulating CD34(+)CD133(+) cells did not correlate with age (n=50), and multivariate analysis revealed that the decreased number of circulating CD34(+)CD133(+) cells was associated with male sex and higher peak creatinine kinase. The ability to give rise to functional EPCs, which show good migratory and tube-forming capabilities, deteriorated among stable CAD subjects (n=10) compared with AMI subjects (N=6). CONCLUSIONS In stable CAD, the number and function of circulating CD34(+)CD133(+) progenitor cells decreased with age, whereas those mobilised and circulating in AMI did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Kondo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shintani
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kengo Maeda
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mutsuharu Hayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuya Inden
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Numaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaichiro Sugiura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitamura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruo Kamiya
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Japan
| | - Takahito Sone
- Department of Cardiology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Miyoshi Ohno
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Atorvastatin increases the number of endothelial progenitor cells after cardiac surgery: a randomized control study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 55:30-8. [PMID: 19834333 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181c37d4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a subtype of hematopoietic stem cells, which contribute to the repair of injured endothelium. Treatment with atorvastatin has been shown to increase EPC count in patients with coronary artery disease. Therefore, we investigated whether atorvastatin augments the number of EPCs after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. We conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover trial in 50 patients undergoing elective coronary surgery. Patients received either 3-week treatment with atorvastatin or placebo. EPCs were quantitated by flow cytometric phenotyping on blood samples. Levels of interleukin, IL-6 and IL-8; tumor necrosis factor alpha; SDF-1alpha; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; and vascular endothelial growth factor were determined at recruitment, preoperatively, post-CPB, and 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. The atorvastatin group showed a significantly higher amount of EPCs both pre- and postoperatively compared with the placebo, with a >4-fold increase compared with the baseline values. CPB induced an increase in all cytokines, but the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly lower in the atorvastatin group (P < 0.05). Statin did not affect levels of SDF-1alpha, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. However, no correlation was found between plasma levels of any cytokine and number of EPCs, with the exception of SDF-1alpha. Pretreatment with atorvastatin significantly increases the amount of EPCs after CPB, by a mechanism independent of plasma levels of cytokines and cholesterol.
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Persistent circulating human insulin in sheep transplanted in utero with human mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:311-20. [PMID: 20170708 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Revised: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from human fetal pancreatic tissue (pMSC) would engraft and differentiate in sheep pancreas following transplantation in utero. MATERIALS AND METHODS A three-step culture system was established for generating human fetal pMSC. Sheep fetuses were transplanted during the fetal transplant receptivity period with human pMSC and evaluated for in situ and functional engraftment in their pancreas, liver, and bone marrow. RESULTS Isolation and expansion of adherent cells from the human fetal pancreas yielded a cell population with morphologic and phenotypic characteristics similar to MSC derived from bone marrow. This putative stem cell population could undergo multilineage differentiation in vitro. Three to 27 months after fetal transplantation, the pancreatic engraftment frequency (chimeric index) was 79%, while functional engraftment was noted in 50% of transplanted sheep. Hepatic and marrow engraftment and expression was noted as well. CONCLUSION We have established a procedure for isolation of human fetal pMSC that display characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived MSC. In vivo results suggest the pMSC engraft, differentiate, and secrete human insulin from the sheep pancreas.
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Zambelli A, Porta MD, Rosti V. From cancer patients to cancer survivors: the issue of Cardioncology--a biological perspective. Eur J Cancer 2009; 46:697-702. [PMID: 20036530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Long-term survival of cancer patients can be worsened by cardiovascular morbidity and mortality due to anticancer treatments based on cardiotoxic or antiangiogenic regimens. Growing scientific evidences support a role for circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) both in cancer pathogenesis and in cardiovascular diseases. High frequency of circulating EPCs seems to play a role in cancer growth and dissemination by favouring tumor angiogenesis and estabilishment of sites of metastasis. On the other hand, high level of circulating EPCs seems to be associated with a lower risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and with improved vascular regeneration after cardiovascular damage. Here, the possibile opposing roles of circulating EPCs in cancer patients suffering from therapy related-cardiovascular diseases are discussed, under the light of the potential modulation of their levels for therapeutic purposes. This can become a relevant issue in the field of cardioncology, the discipline that deals with the managing and treatment of cancer patients suffering from concomitant cardiovascular diseases or who are exposed to an increased risk to develop therapy related-cardiovascular complications.
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The role of stromal-derived factor-1--CXCR7 axis in development and cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 625:31-40. [PMID: 19835865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a major clinical problem that contributes to unsuccessful therapy. Augmenting evidence indicates that metastasizing cancer cells employ several mechanisms that are involved in developmental trafficking of normal stem cells. Stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is an important alpha-chemokine that binds to the G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane span CXCR4. The SDF-1-CXCR4 axis regulates trafficking of normal and malignant cells. SDF-1 is an important chemoattractant for a variety of cells including hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. For many years, it was believed that CXCR4 was the only receptor for SDF-1. However, several reports recently provided evidence that SDF-1 also binds to another seven-transmembrane span receptor called CXCR7, sharing this receptor with another chemokine family member called Interferon-inducible T-cell chemoattractant (I-TAC). Thus, with CXCR7 identified as a new receptor for SDF-1, the role of the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis in regulating several biological processes becomes more complex. Based on the available literature, this review addresses the biological significance of SDF-1's interaction with CXCR7, which may act as a kind of decoy or signaling receptor depending on cell type. Augmenting evidence suggests that CXCR7 is involved in several aspects of tumorogenesis and could become an important target for new anti-metastatic and anti-cancer drugs.
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Yang ZJ, Xu SL, Chen B, Zhang SL, Zhang YL, Wei W, Ma DC, Wang LS, Zhu TB, Li CJ, Wang H, Cao KJ, Gao W, Huang J, Ma WZ, Wu ZZ. HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND INDUCTION OF ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL MOBILIZATION: A PILOT GENE THERAPY STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:790-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Intracoronary delivery of stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The clinical experience obtained to date and prospects. COR ET VASA 2009. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2009.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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